Publications

inferring admixture proportions from molecular data: extension to any number of parental populations.	the relative contribution of two parental populations to a hybrid group (the admixture proportions) can be estimated using not only the frequencies of different alleles, but also the degree of molecular divergence between them. in this paper, we extend this possibility to the case of any number of parental populations. the newly derived multiparental estimator is tested by monte carlo simulations and by generating artificial hybrid groups by pooling mtdna samples from human populations. the gene ...	2001	11264419
origin and evolution of the endemic genera of gonosperminae (asteraceae: anthemideae) from the canary islands: evidence from nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear ribosomal dna.	the gonosperminae (asteraceae) are composed of three genera endemic to the canary islands (gonospermum: less., and lugoa: dc.) and southern africa (inulanthera: källersjö), and they are considered an example of a floristic link between these two regions. phylogenetic analyses of its sequences reveal that the canarian genera are not sister to inulanthera: and do not support the monophyly of the gonosperminae. these results, coupled with previous phylogenetic studies of other groups, suggest that ...	2001	11159136
gastrointestinal tract resuscitation in critically ill patients.	particular research interest is currently focusing on the resuscitation of the gastrointestinal tract, because the gut is regarded to be both the "canary of the body", i.e. a sentinel organ during situations of compromised oxygen or substrate supply, as well as the "motor of multiple organ failure". several therapeutic strategies have recently been proposed for the resuscitation of this organ system, aimed primarily at the augmentation of blood flow and oxygenation but also integrating nutrition ...	2001	11224658
acute q fever: a cause of fatal hepatitis in an icelandic traveller.	domestic q fever is rare in the nordic countries; the infection is acquired abroad in the majority of cases. this is the first nordic report of a fatal case of q fever, which occurred in an icelandic cancer patient who had travelled to the canary islands.	2001	11345226
brassinosteroid levels increase drastically prior to morphogenesis of tracheary elements.	as the first step toward understanding the involvement of endogenous brassinosteroids (brs) in cytodifferentiation, we analyzed biosynthetic activities of brs in zinnia (zinnia elegans l. cv canary bird) cells differentiating into tracheary elements. the results of feeding experiments suggested that both the early and late c6-oxidation pathways occur during tracheary element differentiation. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that five brs, castasterone, typhasterol, 6-deoxoc ...	2001	11161013
mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms in a canary islands (spain) population.	we have compared the structural and promoter variants of the mannose-binding lectin (mbl) gene in a population from gran canaria with that from other populations previously reported. the observed frequencies of the seven alleles of the mbl gene in our population were: hypa, 0.24; lyqa, 0.22; lypa, 0.08; lxpa, 0.19; lypb, 0.17; lyqc, 0.03 and hypd, 0.07. the frequency of non-producer alleles and of mbl-deficient individuals in our population is higher than in other european and asian population.	2001	11528527
assessment of blood glutathione peroxidase activity in the dromedary camel.	blood glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) levels in 709 normal dromedary camels (442 females and 267 males) were assessed in the canary islands. all animals were intensively reared, and three different nutritional systems were evaluated, depending on selenium content of the diet. mean gsh-px level in the total population was 288.5+/-157.2 iu x g(-1) hb. reference ranges were estimated and enzymatic activities below 51 iu x g(-1) hb were considered inadequate. gsh-px activities obtained in females (2 ...	2001	11361154
photosynthetic performance of the atlantic brown macroalgae, cystoseira abies-marina, dictyota dichotoma and sargassum vulgare, measured in gran canaria on site.	photosynthetic performance was determined in three common atlantic brown macroalgae, cystoseira abies-marina, dictyota dichotoma and sargassum vulgare, in gran canaria, canary islands, on site. the photosynthetic quantum yield was measured with both a portable pam instrument on site and a diving pam under water in the habitat. in parallel, solar radiation was measured continuously above and under water by means of two three-channel dosimeters, eldonet (real time computer, möhrendorf, germany), i ...	2001	11165628
il4-r1 (5q31-q33) and fcepsilonri-betaca (11q13) markers and atopy: a case/control study in a spanish population.	rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma are atopic diseases with a high prevalence in the canary islands (spain). given that the most prevalent allergen is the house-dust mite dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, early detection of genetically susceptible subjects would allow the application of preventive measures. the objective was to investigate the possible association of il4-r1 (chromosome 5q31-q33) and fcepsilonri-betaca (chromosome 11q13) markers with the atopic disease in our population.	2001	11167377
chemical fingerprinting applied to the evaluation of marine oil pollution in the coasts of canary islands (spain).	chemical fingerprinting approach to environmental assessment is illustrated in the evaluation of marine oil pollution in the coasts using two limpet species as bioindicator organisms, and based on profiles and concentrations of n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons in their tissues. accidental and chronic releases of hydrocarbons can contaminate the marine environment of the canary islands not only because of their geographical situation but also because of the very dense tanker traffic around. th ...	2001	11202721
klippel-feil syndrome in the prehispanic population of el hierro (canary islands).		2001	11203718
subcutaneous infection caused by dirofilaria repens imported to slovenia.	a case of human subcutaneous dirofilariasis is presented. a complete nematode removed from the tumour in the occipital region of a 61-year-old woman was identified, on the basis of its anatomical and histological characteristics, as a nongravid adult female of the species dirofilaria repens. the patient had probably been infected on the canary islands, spain, 7 months previously. in the future, the clinical and laboratory staff in slovenia will have to be more alert to the possibility of dirofil ...	2001	11243759
population data for southern spain and canary islands of hladqa1, pm and d1s80 loci.	allele frequencies for seven polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based dna genetic markers in two spanish populations (southern spain and canary islands), were determined and compared. the loci analysed were hladqa1, ldlr, gypa, hbgg, d7s8,gc, and d1s80.	2001	11348803
mitochondrial dna, ecology and morphology: interpreting the phylogeography of the nesotes (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) of gran canaria (canary islands).	the genus nesotes (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) is represented in the canary islands by 19 endemic species, the majority of which are single island endemics. nesotes conformis and n. fusculus are described on four and three islands, respectively, but each forms a paraphyletic assemblage between gran canaria and the other islands. the other described species for gran canaria are n. quadratus, n. lindbergi and n. piliger. thirty-six individuals representing the five species on gran canaria have been ...	2001	11298957
elispot assay for detection of peptide specific interferon-gamma secreting cells in rhesus macaques.	a reliable procedure to measure antigen specific t cell responses in rhesus macaques is required to determine the efficacy of vaccines and immunotherapies. the currently available t cell assays are poorly quantifiable or technically difficult to perform. classical 51cr-release cytotoxic t cell (ctl) assays are cumbersome and difficult to quantitate reproducibly. detection of specific t-cell using mhc-peptide tetrameric complexes is highly sensitive, but requires knowledge of mhc type and prior i ...	2001	11150536
myxoid adrenal cortical adenoma.	myxoid adrenal cortical adenoma is a rare tumor and, to our knowledge, only 16 cases have been reported. we present the case of a 56-year-old japanese man who was admitted to hospital because of a right adrenal mass that was discovered during a routine physical examination. the resected mass was well circumscribed and contained canary yellow multinodular regions that were surrounded by a brown gelatinous region. histologically, the multinodular regions resembled a conventional adrenal cortical a ...	2001	11844057
simple motor gestures for birdsongs.	we present a model of sound production in a songbird's vocal organ and find that much of the complexity of the song of the canary (serinus canaria) can be produced from simple time variations in forcing functions. the starts, stops, and pauses between syllables, as well as variation in pitch and timbre are inherent in the mechanics and can often be expressed through smooth and simple variations in the frequency and relative phase of two driving parameters	2001	11690514
differences in auditory and physiological properties of hvc neurons between reproductively active male and female canaries (serinus canaria).	based on neuronal recordings in the hvc, this study investigated differences between reproductively active male and sexually receptive female canaries. it is the first study to describe auditory responses and cell characteristics of hvc neurons in female songbirds and to compare them with the responses and characteristics obtained in males. extracellular single unit recordings showed that in males hvc cells exhibited two types of auditory responses to conspecific and heterospecific song playback ...	2001	11703466
virtual sonography through the internet: volume compression issues.	three-dimensional ultrasound images allow virtual sonography even at a distance. however, the size of final 3-d files limits their transmission through slow networks such as the internet.	2001	11720963
reticuloendotheliosis virus integration in the fowl poxvirus genome: not a recent event.	integration of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) into the genome of fowl poxvirus (fpv) has been reported recently. with a view to determine whether this event had occurred in the past, we screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of rev provirus in the dnas of nine avian poxviruses, some of which had been lyophilized 50 yr ago. for rev, 5' long terminal repeat (ltr) and rev envelope sequences were amplified, whereas for fpv, the major envelope antigen gene and the region flan ...	2001	11569741
parvalbumin-positive projection neurons characterise the vocal premotor pathway in male, but not female, zebra finches.	parvalbumin (pv) and calbindin (cb) immunoreactivities were assessed in nucleus robustus archistriatalis (ra) of male and female zebra finches, together with retrograde labelling of ra neurons. the results of double and triple labelling experiments suggested that, in males, moderately and faintly pv-positive neurons were projection neurons, but that all intensely pv-positive cells were not. the latter, which are presumably interneurons, were also intensely cb-positive, and may correspond to the ...	2001	11640910
clinical cross-reactivity between artemisia vulgaris and matricaria chamomilla (chamomile).	artemisia vulgaris is a common weed and an important source of allergens on the subtropical island of tenerife, canary islands, spain. it pollinates mainly from july to september, although, due to some local climatic conditions, it may flower throughout the year. cross-reactivity with hazelnut, kiwi, birch, several compositae (ambrosia, chrysanthemum, matricaria, solidago) and grass allergens has been suggested. few studies have addressed the issue of in vivo cross-reactivity between a. vulgaris ...	2001	11642570
a growth cost of begging in captive canary chicks.	nestling birds solicit food from adults by using begging displays that appear paradoxically costly and wasteful. theoretical work suggests that the evolution of such exuberant offspring behavior reflects parent-offspring conflict over the supply of parental investment. originally, extravagant begging was seen as a means of psychological trickery by which offspring could wheedle additional resources from resistant parents. subsequently, costly begging came to be viewed as the hallmark of resolved ...	2001	11572988
gonadal steroid receptor mrna in catecholaminergic nuclei of the canary brainstem.	steroid actions in the song system may be modulated by ascending inputs from catecholaminergic (ca) brain nuclei; however, whether these nuclei contain steroid receptors is unknown. here, we compared the distribution of androgen receptor (ar) and estrogen receptor-alpha (er-alpha) mrna with that of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (th-ir) in the brainstems of male canaries. areas containing ar and er-alpha mrna overlapped with areas containing th-ir cell bodies in the locus ceruleus and the ...	2001	11578826
the metabolic cost of birdsong production.	the metabolic cost of birdsong production has not been studied in detail but is of importance in our understanding of how selective pressures shape song behavior. we measured rates of oxygen consumption during song in three songbird species, zebra finches (taeniopygia guttata), waterslager canaries (serinus canaria) and european starlings (sturnus vulgaris). these species sing songs with different acoustic and temporal characteristics: short stereotyped song (zebra finch), long song with high te ...	2001	11606611
assessing the potential for pesticide leaching for the pine forest areas of tenerife.	currently, no guidelines cover use of pesticides in the forested areas of the canary island of tenerife. an index-based model (li) was used to rank the leaching potential of 50 pesticides that are, or could be, used for management purposes in the pine forest areas of tenerife. once the pesticides with the greatest leaching potential were identified, regional-scale groundwater vulnerability assessments, with consideration for data uncertainties, were generated using soil, climatic, and chemical i ...	2001	11521822
raman spectroscopy of coloured resins used in antiquity: dragon's blood and related substances.	dragon's blood is a deep red resin which has been used for centuries by many cultures and much prized for it's rarity, depth of colour and alchemical associations. the original source of dragon's blood resin is believed to be dracaena cinnabari from socotra in africa, but since mediaeval times there have been several alternatives from different geographical locations from the canary islands to the east indies. here, the raman spectra of dragon's blood resins from dracaena draco liliacae trees gr ...	2001	11789884
[ethnography of death in the canary islands at the start of the 20th century].		2001	18506945
allozyme diversity in three endemic species of cistus (cistaceae) from the canary islands: intraspecific and interspecific comparisons and implications for genetic conservation.	patterns of variation at 13 isozyme loci were examined in 11 populations in three cistus species strictly endemic to the canary islands. cistus osbaeckiaefolius and c. chinamadensis display low levels of isozyme variation associated with moderate to high interpopulation differentiation, which probably arose through historical bottlenecks in a landscape of habitat fragmentation, grazing, and human influence. by contrast, c. symphytifolius ranks among the subset of narrow endemics with high levels ...	2001	21669691
nucleotide sequence-based identification of a novel circovirus of canaries.	circovirus-like, spherical particles measuring 16 to 18 nm in diameter were detected in organ homogenates from adult canaries that had died after a short illness characterized by dullness, anorexia, lethargy and feather disorder. a polymerase chain reaction method, based on degenerate primers specific to conserved amino acid sequences in the circovirus replication-associated protein, was used to amplify dna specific to a novel circovirus, tentatively named canary circovirus (ccv). sequence analy ...	2001	19184917
innovation and discovery: the application of nucleic acid-based technology to avian virus detection and characterization.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based approaches to the detection, differentiation and characterization of avian pathogens continue to be developed and refined. the pcrs, or reverse transcriptase-pcrs, may be general, designed to detect all or most variants of a pathogen, or to be serotype, genotype or pathotype specific. progress is being made with respect to making nucleic acid approaches more suitable for use in diagnostic laboratories. robotic workstations are now available for extraction of ...	2001	19184952
trigonal prismatic vs octahedral coordination geometry: syntheses and structural characterization of hexakis(arylthiolato) zirconate complexes.	treating [li(tmeda)]2[zr(ch3)6] with aryl thiols, hsc6h4-4-r, in a 1:6 stoichiometry in diethyl ether affords excellent yields of [li(tmeda)]2[zr(sc6h4-4-r)6], where r = ch3 (1(2-)) or och3 (2(2-)) and tmeda denotes n,n,n',n'-tetramethylethylenediamine. these complexes are air-sensitive canary-yellow solids, soluble in hexane, diethyl ether, thf, and acetonitrile, that form yellow single crystals of [li(tmeda)](2)1 (diethyl ether solution) or [li(thf)3](2)2 (thf solution) from saturated solution ...	2000	12526455
radial variation in sap flow in five laurel forest tree species in tenerife, canary islands.	variations in radial patterns of xylem water content and sap flow rate were measured in five laurel forest tree species (laurus azorica (seub.) franco, persea indica (l.) spreng., myrica faya ait., erica arborea l. and ilex perado ait. ssp. platyphylla (webb & berth.) tutin) growing in an experimental plot at agua garcía, tenerife, canary islands. measurements were performed around midday during warm and sunny days by the heat field deformation method. in all species, water content was almost co ...	2000	12651490
promoting social competence in deaf students: the effect of an intervention program.	the aim of this study was to determine the effects of a social skills training program on the social skills and social behaviors of deaf children in a mainstream setting. the study used a pretest/posttest design. the participants consisted of 18 severely and profoundly hearing-impaired children (ages ranged from 9;1 to 13;6) who were enrolled in three elementary schools in the canary islands. results indicated that the intervention succeeded in improving students' social problem-solving skills, ...	2000	15454498
[food consumption and food sources of energy and nutrients in canary islands (1997-98)].	to evaluate food consumption and identify the main food sources of energy and nutrient intake in the canary island population (1997-98).	2000	11370469
[anthropometric values and cardiovascular risk factors in canary islands (1997-98)].	to know the distribution of certain anthropometric parameters and cardiovascular risk factors: hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and diabetes mellitus in the population of the canary islands.	2000	11370470
[biochemical assessment of nutritional status in the canary islands population (1998)].	nutrition surveys include information about dietary intake and nutritional status utilising clinical, biochemical and anthropometric measurements.	2000	11370471
[knowledge, opinions and attitudes of the canarian islands population towards nutrition].	to estimate knowledge and identify opinions and attitudes of the canary island population towards eating in relation to health.	2000	11370472
[conclusions of the canary islands nutrition survey (1997-98). foundations for a nutrition policy in canary islands].	the principal findings of the canary island nutrition survey (enca). 1997-98 are presented. this survey was realised to obtain the following objectives: to evaluate eating habits and nutritional status utilising dietary, anthropometric and biochemical indicators in the canary island population along with determining lifestyle factors and the prevalence of the main cardiovascular risk factors. additionally, a survey evaluating food-related knowledge and attitudes was also carried out. to attain t ...	2000	11370473
[energy and nutrient intake and risk of inadequate intakes in canary islands (1997-98)].	to evaluate the consumption of energy and nutrients and to identify the risk of inadequate intakes in the canary island population (1997-98).	2000	11370474
erratum: velasco-vazquez j, gonzalez-reimers e, arnay-de-la-rosa m, barros-lopez m, martin-rodriguez e, santolaria-fernandez f. 1999. bone histology of prehistoric inhabitants of the canary islands: comparison between el hierro and gran canaria. am j phys anthropol 110:201-213	the legend for fig. 6 should read "collective silos ("cenobio de valeron," gran canaria)." instead of "collective silos ("cueva del rey," tejeda, gran canaria)."	2000	11002211
highly 1,2-trans stereoselective allylations of 1,2-o-isopropylidene-protected glycofuranosides this work was supported by the canary islands consejería de educación y ciencia (pi1998/109), the spanish comisión interministerial de ciencia y tecnología (pb98-0443-c02-02), and the feder (1sd97-0747-c04-01).		2000	10934407
assessment of intestinal tissue oxygenation: the canary sings--but was does the twitter tell us?		2000	11030157
long-distance colonization and radiation in gekkonid lizards, tarentola (reptilia: gekkonidae), revealed by mitochondrial dna sequences.	morphological systematics makes it clear that many non-volant animal groups have undergone extensive transmarine dispersal with subsequent radiation in new, often island, areas. however, details of such events are often lacking. here we use partial dna sequences derived from the mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12s rrna genes (up to 684 and 320 bp, respectively) to trace migration and speciation in tarentola geckos, a primarily north african clade which has invaded many of the warmer islands in th ...	2000	10821607
plant genetic diversity in the canary islands: a conservation perspective.	the canary islands are an atlantic volcanic archipelago with a rich flora of approximately 570 endemic species. the endemics represent approximately 40% of the native flora of the islands, and approximately 20% of the endemics are in the e (endangered) category of the international union for conservation of nature. a review of allozyme variation in 69 endemic species belonging to 18 genera and eight families is presented. the average species-level genetic diversity (h(t)) at allozyme loci is 0.1 ...	2000	10898768
nutrition and energetics of the canary (serinus canarius).	canaries appear to be primarily seed-eaters, although there are no reports of their feeding ecology in the wild. in captivity, they are offered seed-based diets, preferring to consume seeds such as canary, rapeseed and millet. the mean daily dry-matter intake ranges from 3 to 4 g, which corresponds to a mean gross energy intake of approximately 70 kj per bird per day. the efficiency of dietary metabolism is high (0.85), which equates to individual metabolizable energy intakes of 45-75 kj per bir ...	2000	11007169
[inheritance and prevalence of hypercalciuria in the children from the island of la gomera].	the urinary elimination of calcium has been studies in 549 school children from the island of la gomera (canary islands) and in 100 children of a control group from the capital of the canaries, santa cruz de tenerife. the diet was not manipulated and it was proven that the water that they consumed was of characteristic equal. the 95th centile for the distribution of the calcium/creatinine index was 0.2 in the control group, we calculated the prevalence of hypercalciuria of this group (3.8%) and ...	2000	11217645
spectral tuning of avian violet- and ultraviolet-sensitive visual pigments.	the violet- and ultraviolet-sensitive visual pigments of birds belong to the same class of pigments as the violet-sensitive (so-called blue) pigments of mammals. however, unlike the pigments from mammals and other vertebrate taxa which, depending on species, have lambda(max) values of either around 430 nm or around 370 nm, avian pigments are found with lambda(max) values spread across this range. in this paper, we present the sequences of two pigments isolated from humbolt penguin and pigeon wit ...	2000	10891069
colonization and diversification of the species brachyderes rugatus (coleoptera) on the canary islands: evidence from mitochondrial dna coii gene sequences.	the genus brachyderes schönherr (coleoptera: curculionidae) is represented by the species b. rugatus wollaston on the canary islands, with one subspecies on each of the islands of gran canaria, tenerife, la palma, and el hierro. these four subspecies are associated with the endemic pine tree pinus canariensis, and their distributions are broadly coincident. eighty-eight individual canarian brachyderes, sampled from across the distributions of each subspecies, have been sequenced for 570 bp of th ...	2000	10937264
progesterone inhibits female courtship behavior in domestic canaries (serinus canaria).	we studied copulation solicitation display (csd) responses to playback in photostimulated female canaries given systemic injections of progesterone. eight females received injections of 0.1 mg of progesterone dissolved in olive oil during their first breeding cycle and were untreated during their second breeding cycle; eight females received only the oil vehicle during their first breeding cycle and received no treatment during their second breeding cycle. the injections were performed every sec ...	2000	10964526
pilot study of a dual gene recombinant avipox vaccine containing both carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) and b7.1 transgenes in patients with recurrent cea-expressing adenocarcinomas.	coordinated presentation of antigen and costimulatory molecules has been shown to result in the induction of an antigen-specific t-cell response rather than the development of anergy. this study evaluated the vaccine alvac-cea b7.1, a canary pox virus that has been engineered to encode the gene for the tumor-associated antigen carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) and b7.1, a t-cell costimulatory molecule. patients with cea-expressing tumors were immunized with 2.5 x 10(7) (n = 3), 1.0 x 10(8) (n = 6), ...	2000	10873071
a relationship between behavior, neurotrophin expression, and new neuron survival.	the high vocal center (hvc) controls song production in songbirds and sends a projection to the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (ra) of the descending vocal pathway. hvc receives new neurons in adulthood. most of the new neurons project to ra and replace other neurons of the same kind. we show here that singing enhances mrna and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) in the hvc of adult male canaries, serinus canaria. the increased bdnf expression is proportional to t ...	2000	10890902
canary to sparrow; what is in a name?		2000	11026898
[phenol compounds from brown algae and their antioxidant activity].	the composition and content of phenolic substances were studied in 14 species of marine brown algae of the canary islands littoral (spain). the highest content of phenolic substances was found in cystoseira compressia and sargassum furcatum. a high antioxidant activity was found in florotannin isolated from cystoseira sp.	2000	10867955
p,p'-dde residues in eggs of european kestrel falco tinnunculus from tenerife, canary islands, spain.		2000	11080359
aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa from the canary islands.	strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics were selected from 152 clinical isolates. we identified two patterns of resistance correlating with the resistance mechanism characterized by changes in permeability, enzymatic modification due to the acetylating enzyme, aac(6')-ii, or a combination of both. we detected enzymatic activity of the phosphorylase enzyme, aph(3'), in all the isolates. we compared the mechanisms of resistance detected by three methods i.e., radi ...	2000	10705613
sex determination by discriminant function analysis of the right tibia in the prehispanic population of the canary islands.	this study has been performed in order to define standards usable to determine the sex of prehispanic individuals from the canary islands from their skeletal remains. osteometric information at the right tibia was obtained from 59 complete skeletons from gran canaria, housed in the museo canario (las palmas), 45 males and 14 females (this constitutes the totality of complete prehispanic skeletons known from gran canaria). the parameters measured were: tibial length, proximal and distal epiphysea ...	2000	10737463
high prevalence of the very rare wilson disease gene mutation leu708pro in the island of gran canaria (canary islands, spain): a genetic and clinical study.	the molecular basis of wilson disease (wd), an autosomal recessive disorder, is the presence of mutations in the atp7b gene, a copper transporting atpase. hospital records indicated a higher prevalence of wd (1 in 2,600) in some counties in the northeastern region of the island of gran canaria (canary islands, spain) that was around 10-fold higher than that described for european populations (1 in 30,000). the atp7b gene was analyzed for mutations in 24 affected subjects, revealing a high preval ...	2000	11093740
separation of polyphenols in canary islands wine by capillary zone electrophoresis without preconcentration.	a method for separation and determination of polyphenols in wine by capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) without any preconcentration step is described. the sensitivity and limits of detection for gentisic and p-coumaric acid are better than those previously published. the effect of a possible c18 solid-phase extraction prior to the cze analysis was examined. the developed optimized method (without any extraction step) was applied to the analysis of wines from tenerife, canary islands.	2000	10768505
restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16s rdna and low molecular weight rna profiling of rhizobial isolates from shrubby legumes endemic to the canary islands.	thirty-six strains of slow-growing rhizobia isolated from nodules of four woody legumes endemic to the canary islands were characterised by 16s rdna pcr-rflp analyses (ardra) and lmw rna profiling, and compared with reference strains representing bradyrhizobium japonicum, b. elkanii, b. liaoningense, and two unclassified bradyrhizobium sp. (lupinus) strains. both techniques showed similar results, indicating the existence of three genotypes among the canarian isolates. analysis of the combined r ...	2000	11108022
management of cold agglutination syndrome.	cold haemagglutination syndrome is difficult to treat. fortunately it seldom needs treating. in most cases cold agglutinins are an incidental finding representing either normality or a benign chronic monoclonal gammopathy that does not cause ill health. two sorts of symptoms are likely in the more severe cases. acrocyanosis is usually treated by keeping the patient warm and if necessary removing him or her to florida or the canary islands. in the rare cases of haemolytic anaemia, an underlying l ...	2000	10771400
seasonal expression of androgen receptors, estrogen receptors, and aromatase in the canary brain in relation to circulating androgens and estrogens.	songbirds have a complex neural network for learning and production of song, namely the neural song system. several nuclei of the song system contain androgen receptors (ar), and the neostriatal nucleus hvc also contains alpha type estrogen receptors (er). many songbird species show seasonal changes in both song and the neural song system that are correlated with seasonal variations in the circulating levels of gonadal steroids. however, there is increasing evidence that the sensitivity of the s ...	2000	10842238
cereal aversion in behaviourally resistant house mice in birmingham, uk.	in 1986, house mice in a small defined area of inner birmingham were reported as not taking a variety of rodenticides from bait containers, a phenomenon labelled 'behavioural resistance'. this study investigated behavioural resistance by comparing the food preferences of west midlands behaviourally resistant (wmbr) mice with those of normal (bc) mice. nine bait boxes each containing one of nine different foods (cheese, chicken, tuna fish, peanut butter, canary seed, cat stars, wheat, pcd (mod) p ...	2000	10700630
the canary in the cell: a sentinel role for beta-carotene.		2000	10702599
study of primary drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis from two hospitals in tenerife, canary islands, spain (1990-1997)		2000	10694101
the severity of dependence scale (sds) as screening test for benzodiazepine dependence: sds validation study.	to assess the validity of the severity of dependence scale (sds) as a screening test to detect benzodiazepine dependence in regular benzodiazepine users.	2000	10723853
high density lipoprotein cholesterol increases with living altitude.	the relationship between high density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl) serum level and the altitude at which people live is controversial.	2000	10750605
camel trypanosomosis in the canary islands: assessment of seroprevalence and infection rates using the card agglutination test (catt/t. evansi) and parasite detection tests.	trypanosomosis due to trypanosoma evansi (surra) is a major enzootic disease of the dromedary camel. thus, the purpose of the present study was to assess seroprevalence and infection rates in the canary islands using antibody(-card agglutination test-catt/t. evansi) and parasite detection tests (micro-haematocrit centrifugation technique, giemsa stained blood smears, microscopic examination of lymph node aspirates and mouse inoculation). pcv was also determined. 745 dromedary camels (483 females ...	2000	10828522
victims of violence in an emergency department.	the aim of this study was to identify the risk profile of the victims of violent accidents. during 1997, we studied 1100 patients suffering from injuries produced by violent actions and treated in the emergency department of the largest teaching hospital in the canary islands, spain. seventy per cent of the patients were male and 30% were female. the mean age was 28 and 30 years, respectively. in the distribution by age, the main group was that between 18 and 36 years. seventy-five per cent of v ...	2000	10839379
helicopter emergency medical service in canary islands, spain.	this is a report on our first 2 years' experience of operating a helicopter emergency medical service in the canary islands, spain. the two advanced life-support helicopters are staffed full time by a physician and a nurse. for the transport protocol, inter-hospital transport patients (secondary missions) were classified into three groups: group a, minor illnesses or injuries; group b, modified or middle critical condition; and group c, critical condition. on-scene patients (primary missions) we ...	2000	10839381
a study on ten short tandem repeat systems: african immigrant and spanish population data.	this work presents the results obtained from a genetic-population study for the d1s1656 system in the population of southwest spain (huelva, cádiz and sevilla), spaniards of caucasian origin from north africa (ceuta), as well as in the black central west african and moroccan immigrant populations in spain. the results of a study of the autochtonous population of the canary islands (n=138), and immigrant central west african populations in spain (n=132), obtained for nine short tandem repeat (str ...	2000	10842028
[the registered population and its characteristics as adjustment element for individualized pharmacy budget allocation].	to find an equation that can calculate quality reference standards on the sum expected per doctor, adjusted for the size of his/her list, his/her characteristics and patients included in chronically ill services. this objective is posed within a strategy of individualizing information and evaluation as a tool to promote improvement.	2000	10853505
diagnosis of atoxoplasmosis in a canary (serinus canarius) by histopathologic and ultrastructural examination.	our paper describes pathologic and ultrastructural features of a canary (serinus canarius) infected by atoxoplasma sp. histologically, numerous mononuclear cells were observed in intestinal mucosa, liver, and spleen. most of these cells contained a variable number of protozoal-like organisms. these organisms were identified as atoxoplasma sp. by ultrastructural examination of reprocessed paraffin-embedded tissues.	2000	10879930
[incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the canary islands (1995-1996). epidemiologic group of the canary society of endocrinology and nutrition].	to prospectively evaluate the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients up to 30 years of age in the canary islands during 1995 and 1996.	2000	10901003
its1 region of the nuclear ribosomal dna of the mycoparasite pythium periplocum, its taxonomy, and its comparison with related species.	pythium periplocum drechsler was isolated from some soil samples taken in the botanical garden of tenerife, canary islands. this fungus has been found to be an aggressive mycoparasite of botrytis cinerea. it is unique amongst the members of the genus pythium because of the character combination of inflated filamentous type of sporangia and ornamented oogonia. the taxonomic description of this fungus and its comparison with related species, together with the polymerase chain reaction of the inter ...	2000	10913866
cd154 polymorphism in spanish populations. differences in the allelic distribution between canary islanders and peninsulars.	the cd154 gene contains a dinucleotide repeat (ca)n in the 3' untranslated region. allelic distribution in spanish populations from two areas with different genetic background, the canary islands and peninsula, are described. seven alleles with different allelic distribution between the two groups, were found. this represents a highly polymorphic marker, useful for genetic studies on a critical molecule in immunity.	2000	10940082
mitochondrial dna evolution and population history of the tenerife skink chalcides viridanus.	recent studies of island lizards have suggested that historical vicariance as a result of volcanism may have played an important role in shaping patterns of within-island genetic diversity. the skink, chalcides viridanus, shows variation in morphology within the volcanic island of tenerife. two mitochondrial dna (mtdna) fragments (from the 12s and 16s rrna regions) were sequenced in individuals from 17 sites to evaluate the relationship between current phylogeography and the geological history o ...	2000	10964225
large scale population structure and gene flow in the planktonic developing periwinkle, littorina striata, in macaronesia (mollusca: gastropoda).	allozymes were used to investigate the genetic structure of 42 populations of the planktonic developing, macaronesian periwinkle littorina striata, throughout its entire geographic range (azores, madeira, canary islands and cape verde islands). this periwinkle is presumed to have a high dispersal and gene flow potential, because it has a planktonic development. it is therefore expected to show little population genetic differentiation. indeed, based on wright's hierarchical f-statistics, no sign ...	2000	10699219
phylogeography and natural selection in the tenerife gecko tarentola delalandii: testing historical and adaptive hypotheses.	combining phylogeographic and matrix correspondence approaches in the analysis of geographical variation provides a fruitful approach to inferring the causes of molecular and morphological evolution within species. here we present a study on the gecko tarentola delalandii on the island of tenerife, canary islands, which provides an outstanding model of an exceptionally high degree of phylogeographic differentiation in magnitude and pattern on a small spatial scale. we reconstruct the population ...	2000	10972761
mitochondrial dna control region diversity in the endangered blue chaffinch, fringilla teydea.	the blue chaffinch (fringilla teydea) is found only on the two central canary islands of gran canaria and tenerife, where it is restricted to pine forest habitat. it is reasonably abundant on the latter island but endangered on the former. here, sequence variation was studied in a fragment spanning domains i and ii of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region. phylogenetic analysis of all haplotypes with a f. coelebs outgroup indicated the two island populations were reciprocally monophyletic ...	2000	10972781
lesions of the anterior forebrain song control pathway in female canaries affect song perception in an operant task.	we tested whether the avian anterior forebrain pathway functions in song perception in female canaries, and whether it is specialized for conspecific song perception or functions more generally in auditory perception. using operant conditioning methods, we trained female canaries to discriminate among synthetic sound stimuli, canary songs, and song sparrow songs. we also trained each bird to discriminate among visual stimuli to test for general effects of lesions on performance. when canaries ha ...	2000	10623896
colonization and diversification: towards a phylogeographic synthesis for the canary islands.	recently, the canary islands have become a focus for studies of the colonization and the diversification of different organisms. some authors have considered canarian endemisms as relicts of tertiary origin, but new molecular data suggest a general pattern of continental dispersion followed by in situ speciation. recent phylogeographic studies are revealing variants of the simple stepping-stone colonization model that seems to hold for many hawaiian groups. many factors can generate deviations f ...	2000	10675925
neither endocochlear potential nor tegmentum vasculosum are affected in hearing impaired belgian waterslager canaries.	we previously showed that the belgian waterslager canary strain is affected by a hereditary hearing loss that is associated with a reduced number of hair cells and hair cell pathologies in the basilar papilla. since hair cell pathologies were also present in the sacculus, weisleder et al. (1994) suggested that these birds are afflicted by scheibe's like dysplasia, a cochleo-saccular defect. in mammals, cochleo-saccular defects are characterized primarily by the lack of an endocochlear potential ...	2000	10748328
the colonization history of olea europaea l. in macaronesia based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (its-1) sequences, randomly amplified polymorphic dnas (rapd), and intersimple sequence repeats (issr).	phylogenetic relationships in the olea europaea complex and the phylogeography of 24 populations of the macaronesian olive (o. europaea ssp. cerasiformis) were assessed by using three molecular markers: nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (its-1) sequences, randomly amplified polymorphic dnas (rapd), and intersimple sequence repeats (issr). parsimony analysis of the its-1 sequences and neighbour-joining (nj) analyses of rapd and issr banding variation revealed four major lineages in ...	2000	10886649
[travellers to high-risk areas actively seek information on health hazards. a questionnaire study among swedish charter tourists].	in order to study attitudes to travel-associated risks and adherence to advice, we sent a questionnaire to 2 x 2000 swedish charter tourists who traveled to the canary islands, south east asia or gambia. methods: questionnaires were answered either before the journey (n = 1249) or after return (n = 1223). results and conclusion: the travelers were usually well informed and followed the advice given. the opinion of the personnel who gave advice had a profound influence on which vaccines were take ...	2000	11188038
historical biogeography in a linear system: genetic variation of sea rocket (cakile maritima) and sea holly (eryngium maritimum) along european coasts.	the exclusively coastal cakile maritima and eryngium maritimum represent a linear biogeographical system. genetic variation among 25 individuals of c. maritima and 16 individuals of e. maritimum, from the coasts of europe, north africa and the canary islands, was analysed using random amplified polymorphic dnas (rapds) and intersimple sequence repeats (issrs). genetic distances (dice) were calculated and used to investigate the correlation between genetic and geographical distances, to construct ...	2000	11091318
highly polymorphic microsatellites in the lacertid gallotia galloti from the western canary islands.		2000	11091329
life cycle and parasitic interaction of the lizard-parasitizing mite ophionyssus galloticolus (acari: gamasida: macronyssidae), with remarks about the evolutionary consequences of parasitism in mites.	wild-caught specimens of the lacertid lizard gallotia galloti eisentrauti from the canary island of tenerife were checked for ectoparasites. the parasitic gamasid mite ophionyssus galloticolus fain and bannert (2000) was very abundant on these lizards. additionally, parasitism by larvae of two species of trombiculidae (prostigmata: parasitengona) was observed. o. galloticolus was reared in the laboratory on its natural host in order to investigate its life cycle, reproductive biology, and develo ...	2000	11201353
physiology and pathophysiology of alpha-synuclein. cell culture and transgenic animal models based on a parkinson's disease-associated protein.	the 15-20 kda synuclein (syn) phosphoproteins are abundantly expressed in nervous tissue. members of the family include alpha- and beta-syn, and the more distantly related gamma-syn and synoretin. syn genes have been identified in torpedo, canary, and several mammalian species, indicating an evolutionary conserved role. expression of alpha-syn was found to be modulated in situations of neuronal remodeling, namely, songbird learning and after target ablation of dopaminergic striatonigral neurons ...	2000	11193173
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations and haplotypes in mexican mestizos.	in a screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-6-pd) deficiency in 1985 unrelated male subjects from the general population (groups a and b) belonging to four states of the pacific coast, 21 g-6-pd-deficient subjects were detected. screening for mutations at the g-6-pd gene by pcr-restriction enzyme in these 21 g-6-pd-deficient subjects as well as in 14 g-6-pd-deficient patients with hemolytic anemia belonging to several states of mexico showed two common g-6-pd variants: g-6-pd a-(202a ...	2000	11042039
a new species of swingleus (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) from the mummichog fundulus heteroclitus, in the delaware bay.	swingleus ancistrus n. sp. (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) is described from the skin and fins of fundulus heteroclitus from canary creek marsh, lewes, delaware. subsequent records from new jersey, maryland, virginia, and north carolina are reported. swingleus ancistrus is differentiated from s. polyclithroides, the only other species of the genus, primarily by its size, haptoral morphology, host, and locality. swingleus ancistrus is larger in almost every dimension and exhibits a distinct notch on ...	2000	11191894
stress in the brain.	part i (first section) reports about research in the period 1964-1976, when the seminal observations were made on which today's concept of corticosteroid action on the brain is based. these key observations concern the discovery of nuclear corticosterone receptors in the limbic brain that mediate control over neuronal circuits underlying hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity and behavioural adaptation. part ii (second section) covers the period of 1977-1989. it is about some aspects of the neu ...	2000	11033326
tracking colonization and diversification of insect lineages on islands: mitochondrial dna phylogeography of tarphius canariensis (coleoptera: colydiidae) on the canary islands.	the genus tarphius erichson (coleoptera: colydiidae) is represented by 29 species on the canary islands. the majority are rare, single-island endemics intimately associated with the monteverde (laurel forest and fayal-brezal). the tarphius canariensis complex is by far the most abundant and geographically wide-spread, occurring on gran canaria, tenerife and la palma. eighty-seven individuals from the t. canariensis complex were sequenced for 444 bp of the mitochondrial dna cytochrome oxidase i g ...	2000	11413633
[immigration in the canary islands: a change in health problems].		2000	11262360
[survey of carriers of neisseria meningitidis in the health area of gran canary].	a) to ascertain the rate of carriers and the types of neisseria meningitidis circulating in the population resident in the health jurisdiction of gran canaria. b) to ascertain the pattern of distribution of such carriers.	2000	11031852
on site photosynthetic performance of atlantic green algae.	photosynthetic performance was measured on site in four common atlantic green algae, asparagopsis taxiforme, valonia utricularia, caulerpa racemosa and codium taylori, in gran canaria, canary islands. the photosynthetic quantum yield was determined with a portable pam instrument and with a diving pam in the water column. solar radiation was measured continuously above and in the water column by means of two three-channel dosimeters, eldonet (real time computer, möhrendorf, germany), in the uv-a, ...	2000	11154082
the distribution of two different vitamin d receptor polymorphisms (bsmi and start codon) in primary hyperparathyroidism.	the bb genotype of the bsmi polymorphism of the vitamin d receptor (vdr) is more common in primary hyperparathyroidism (hpt) than in the general population in swedish and german women. however, little is known about the association of hpt with the start codon polymorphism of the vdr (defined by foki).	2000	10672140
yolk androgens reduce offspring survival.	females may favour some offspring over others by differential deposition of yolk hormones. in american kestrels (falco sparverius), we found that yolks of eggs laid late in the sequence of a clutch had more testosterone (t) and androstenedione (a4) than yolks of first-laid eggs. to investigate the effects of these yolk androgens on nestling 'fitness', we injected both t and a4 into the yolks of first-laid eggs and compared their hatching time, nestling growth and nestling survival with those of ...	2000	10983830
sexually stimulating signals of canary (serinus canaria) songs: evidence for a female-specific auditory representation in the hvc nucleus during the breeding season.	during the breeding season under long-day conditions, male canaries sing sexually attractive songs and females respond behaviorally to such songs. this study assessed whether auditory response properties of neurons in nucleus hvc of female and male canaries are tuned to sexually salient song features: special song phrases and canary song segmentation. in sexually receptive female canaries, neurons responded to special song phrases with a decreased spike rate and were sensitive to canary song seg ...	2000	10883803
interpreting colonization of the calathus (coleoptera: carabidae) on the canary islands and madeira through the application of the parametric bootstrap.	the canary islands have proven to be an interesting archipelago for the phylogeographic study of colonization and diversification with a number of recent studies reporting evolutionary patterns and processes across a diversity of floral and faunal groups. the canary islands differ from the hawaiian and galapagos islands by their close proximity to a continental land mass, being 110 km from the northwestern coast of africa. this close proximity to a continent obviously increases the potential for ...	2000	11209784