Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| toxigenic potential of fusarium graminearum sensu stricto isolates from wheat in argentina. | the toxigenic potential of 144 fusarium graminearum sensu stricto strains isolated from wheat in different subregions of the main production area in argentina during 2001, 2003 and 2004 harvests was studied. the mycotoxin producing ability of the isolates was examined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection and confirmed by mass spectrometry. analysis of the trichothecene chemotype distribution across the argentinean wheat cropping area revealed that 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol was the ... | 2009 | 19717200 |
| proteomic analysis of fungal host factors differentially expressed by fusarium graminearum infected with fusarium graminearum virus-dk21. | fusarium graminearum virus-dk21 (fgv-dk21), which infects the plant pathogenic f. graminearum, perturbs host developmental processes such as sporulation, morphology, pigmentation, and attenuates the virulence (hypovirulence) of the host. to identify the differentially expressed f. graminearum proteins by fgv-dk21 infection, we have used two-dimensional electrophoresis with mass spectrometry using proteins extracted from virus-free and fgv-dk21-infected strains. a total of 148 spots showing an al ... | 2009 | 19374926 |
| transducin beta-like gene ftl1 is essential for pathogenesis in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight caused by fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley. in a previous study, we identified several mutants with reduced virulence by insertional mutagenesis. a transducin beta-like gene named ftl1 was disrupted in one of these nonpathogenic mutants. ftl1 is homologous to saccharomyces cerevisiae sif2, which is a component of the set3 complex involved in late stages of ascospore formation. the delta ftl1 mutant was significantly reduced in conidiation and ... | 2009 | 19377037 |
| fusarium graminearum exploits ethylene signalling to colonize dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. | ethylene signalling affects the resistance of dicotyledonous plant species to diverse pathogens but almost nothing is known about the role of this pathway in monocotyledonous crop species. fusarium graminearum causes fusarium head blight (fhb) of cereals, contaminating grain with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don). very little is known about the mechanisms of resistance/susceptibility to this disease. genetic and chemical genetic studies were used to examine the influence of ethylene (et) s ... | 2009 | 19383094 |
| nutrient profiling reveals potent inducers of trichothecene biosynthesis in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide due to crop losses and the contamination of grains with trichothecene mycotoxins. the biosynthesis of trichothecenes by fusarium spp. is highest during infection, but relatively low levels are produced from saprophytic growth in axenic culture. a strain of fusarium graminearum was constructed where the promoter from the tri5 trichothecene biosynthesis gene was fused to gfp. using this strain in large-scale nutrient pro ... | 2009 | 19406250 |
| inventory and comparative evolution of the abc superfamily in the genomes of phytophthora ramorum and phytophthora sojae. | automated and manual annotation of the atp binding cassette (abc) superfamily in the phytophthora ramorum and p. sojae genomes has identified 135 and 136 members, respectively, indicating that this family is comparable in size to the arabidopsis thaliana and rice genomes, and significantly larger than that of two fungal pathogens, fusarium graminearum and magnaporthe grisea. the high level of synteny between these oomycete genomes extends to the abc superfamily, where 108 orthologues were identi ... | 2009 | 19407922 |
| simultaneous detection of fusarium asiaticum and fusarium graminearum in wheat seeds using a real-time pcr method. | to develop a pcr-based method for quantitative detection of fusarium asiaticum (fa) and fusarium graminearum (fg) in wheat seeds. | 2009 | 19413810 |
| qtl-specific microarray gene expression analysis of wheat resistance to fusarium head blight in sumai-3 and two susceptible nils. | fusarium head blight, predominantly caused by fusarium graminearum (schwabe) in north america, is a destructive disease that poses a serious threat to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production around the world. cdna microarrays consisting of wheat ests derived from a wheat - f. graminearum interaction suppressive subtractive hybridization library were used to investigate qtl-specific differential gene expression between the resistant chinese cultivar sumai-3 and two susceptible near isogenic lines ... | 2009 | 19448721 |
| fusarium head blight severity and deoxynivalenol concentration in wheat in response to gibberella zeae inoculum concentration. | the relationship between inoculum dose and resulting disease levels and deoxynivalenol (don) accumulation in the fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat pathosystem was examined under controlled conditions. greenhouse-grown spring wheat plants were inoculated at flowering with suspensions that varied in gibberella zeae macroconidia concentration. the spikes were bagged for 72 h to promote infection and plants were then kept under ambient greenhouse conditions and disease allowed to develop. spikes w ... | 2009 | 19453236 |
| low ph regulates the production of deoxynivalenol by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum, which causes the globally important head blight disease of wheat, is responsible for the production of the harmful mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) in infected grain. the production of don by f. graminearum occurs at much higher levels during infection than during axenic growth, and it is therefore important to understand how don production is regulated in the fungus. recently, we have identified amines as potent inducers of in vitro don production in f. graminearum. although ... | 2009 | 19497949 |
| pdc1, a corn defensin peptide expressed in escherichia coli and pichia pastoris inhibits growth of fusarium graminearum. | plant defensin corn 1 (pdc1) gene was amplified from corn genomic dna with the primers designed from a corn est sequence homologous to a barley defensin gene. the cloned gene contains two exons and an intron. the deduced 9kda pdc1 peptide has a sequence that is identical to corn gamma2-zeathionin and has the typical features of a plant defensin, including a signal sequence of 35 amino acids, followed by a characteristic defensin domain of 47 amino acids containing 8 cysteines. the defensin prote ... | 2009 | 19505517 |
| activity of armillarisin b in vitro against plant pathogenic fungi. | the methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of the mushroom armillariella tabescens was found to show antifungal activity against gibberella zeae. the active compound was isolated from the fruiting bodies of a. tabescens by bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract and identified as armillarisin b. armillarisin b eventually corresponds to 2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanediamide and its structure was confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic studies including 2d nmr experiments. | 2009 | 20158147 |
| mutations in a beta-tubulin confer resistance of gibberella zeae to benzimidazole fungicides. | abstract wheat head blight caused by gibberella zeae (anamorph: fusarium graminearum) is a threat to food safety in china because of mycotoxin contamination of the harvested grain, the frequent occurrence of the disease, and the failure of chemical control in some areas due to benzimidazole resistance in the pathogen population. the molecular resistance mechanism, however, of g. zeae to benzimidazole fungicides (especially carbendazim; active ingredient: methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate [mbc]) ... | 2009 | 19900007 |
| evidence that a secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene cluster has grown by gene relocation during evolution of the filamentous fungus fusarium. | trichothecenes are terpene-derived secondary metabolites produced by multiple genera of filamentous fungi, including many plant pathogenic species of fusarium. these metabolites are of interest because they are toxic to animals and plants and can contribute to pathogenesis of fusarium on some crop species. fusarium graminearum and f. sporotrichioides have trichothecene biosynthetic genes (tri) at three loci: a 12-gene tri cluster and two smaller tri loci that consist of one or two genes. here, c ... | 2009 | 19843228 |
| sphaerodes mycoparasitica sp. nov., a new biotrophic mycoparasite on fusarium avenaceum, f. graminearum and f. oxysporum. | a new species, sphaerodes mycoparasitica (ascomycetes, melanosporales), was isolated from isolates of fusarium avenaceum and fusarium graminearum originating from wheat fields in saskatchewan, and from fusarium oxysporum originating from asparagus fields in quebec, canada. the species is characterized by a unique combination of ascospore size, shape (fusiform and triangular) and wall ornamentation (reticulate and smooth). also, conidia are produced from simple phialides on the surface of ascoma ... | 2009 | 19857813 |
| efficient hydrolysis of hemicellulose by a fusarium graminearum xylanase blend produced at high levels in escherichia coli. | a fusarium graminearum-based enzyme blend for the efficient hydrolysis of hemicellulose, a crucial step for competitive bioethanol production, is described. the heretofore-uncharacterized endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (xyld), 1,4-beta-xylosidase (xyloa), and bifunctional xylosidase/arabinofuranosidase (xylo/araba) were produced at high levels in escherichia coli (10-38 mg/l). they displayed compatible ph and temperature-dependences, allowing their utilization for simultaneous substrate digestions. mono ... | 2009 | 18707875 |
| over-expression of the cell death regulator bax inhibitor-1 in barley confers reduced or enhanced susceptibility to distinct fungal pathogens. | bax inhibitor-1 (bi-1) is a conserved cell death regulator protein that inhibits mammalian bax-induced cell death in yeast, animals and plants. additionally, hvbi-1 suppresses defense responses and resistance to the powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (bgh) when over-expressed in single epidermal cells of barley. to test the potential of ectopic expression of bi-1 to influence fungal interactions with crop plants, we produced stable transgenic barley plants expressing a green fl ... | 2009 | 18956174 |
| contribution of cell wall degrading enzymes to pathogenesis of fusarium graminearum: a review. | plant-pathogenic fungi produce an array of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes that enable them to penetrate and infect the host tissue; these enzymes are collectively called cell wall-degrading enzymes (cwde). they may contribute to pathogenesis by degrading wax, cuticle and cell walls, thus aiding tissue invasion and pathogen dissemination. furthermore, they can act as elicitors of host defense reaction.fusarium head blight (fhb) is a disease caused principally by fusarium graminearum on crops, o ... | 2009 | 19025875 |
| sphingolipid c-9 methyltransferases are important for growth and virulence but not for sensitivity to antifungal plant defensins in fusarium graminearum. | the c-9-methylated glucosylceramides (glccers) are sphingolipids unique to fungi. they play important roles in fungal growth and pathogenesis, and they act as receptors for some antifungal plant defensins. we have identified two genes, fgmt1 and fgmt2, that each encode a putative sphingolipid c-9 methyltransferase (c-9-mt) in the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum and complement a pichia pastoris c-9-mt-null mutant. the deltafgmt1 mutant produced c-9-methylated glccer like the wild-type strain ... | 2009 | 19028992 |
| gzsnf1 is required for normal sexual and asexual development in the ascomycete gibberella zeae. | the sucrose nonfermenting 1 (snf1) protein kinase of yeast plays a central role in the transcription of glucose-repressible genes in response to glucose starvation. in this study, we deleted an ortholog of snf1 from gibberella zeae to characterize its functions by using a gene replacement strategy. the mycelial growth of deletion mutants (deltagzsnf1) was reduced by 21 to 74% on diverse carbon sources. the virulence of deltagzsnf1 mutants on barley decreased, and the expression of genes encoding ... | 2009 | 19028993 |
| quantification of fusarium graminearum in harvested grain by real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess efficacies of fungicides on fusarium head blight, deoxynivalenol contamination, and yield of winter wheat. | we used a real time polymerase chain reaction-based assay and visual disease assessment to evaluate the efficacies of js399-19, tebuconazole, a mixture of tebuconazole and thiram, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, and thiram on the development of fusarium head blight (fhb) and deoxynivalenol (don) contamination and on the yield of winter wheat (cv. nannong no. 9918) after artificial inoculation under field conditions with fusarium graminearum. the incidence of infected spikelets (iis), amount of f. gra ... | 2009 | 19055440 |
| synthesis of 3beta-hydroxy-androsta-5,7-dien-17-one from 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one via microbial 7alpha-hydroxylation. | the synthesis of 3beta-hydroxy-androsta-5,7-dien-17-one from 3beta-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one (dehydroepiandrosterone, dhea) via microbial 7alpha-hydroxylation has been accomplished. at the first stage, 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one was obtained in high yield (71.2%) using a strain of gibberella zeae vkm f-2600, which was first applied for dhea conversion. the further route included the substitution of 7alpha-hydroxyl group with chlorine followed by a dehydrochlorination stage, and ... | 2009 | 19071148 |
| differential gene expression of related wheat lines with contrasting levels of head blight resistance after fusarium graminearum inoculation. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a devastating disease of wheat. molecular mapping led to the identification of two major fhb resistance qtl, fhb1 and qfhs.ifa-5a. the actual function of these resistance genes is still unknown. the resistant line cm82036, the susceptible line remus and two sister lines from the cross cm82036/remus were analysed for gene expression. the sister lines show contrasting levels of fhb resistance due to the presence or absence of resistance alleles at fhb1 and qfhs.ifa-5a ... | 2009 | 19082576 |
| for blighted waves of grain: fusarium graminearum in the postgenomics era. | 2009 | 19126701 | |
| sexual recombination of carbendazim resistance in fusarium graminearum under field conditions. | carbendazim has been the major fungicide for control of fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum schwade in china. however, the effectiveness of carbendazim has been threatened by the emergence of resistant pathogen populations in the field. | 2009 | 19170042 |
| isolation and identification of precocenes and piperitone from essential oils as specific inhibitors of trichothecene production by fusarium graminearum. | inhibitors of deoxynivalenol production by fusarium graminearum are useful for protecting crops from deoxynivalenol contamination. we isolated precocenes and piperitone from the essential oils of matricaria recutita and eucalyptus dives, respectively, as specific inhibitors of the production of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, a biosynthetic precursor of deoxynivalenol. precocenes i and ii and piperitone inhibited 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol production by f. graminearum in a liquid culture with ic(50) values ... | 2009 | 19191669 |
| different responses of two genes associated with disease resistance loci in maize (zea mays l.) to 3-allyloxy-1,2-benzothiazole 1,1-dioxide. | probenazole (3-allyloxy-1,2-benzothiazole 1,1-dioxide, pbz) is a bactericide and fungicide that acts by inducing plant defense systems. it has been shown to induce the expression of nbs-lrr genes like rpr1 (rice probenazole-response gene) in rice (oryza sativa l.) and systemic acquired resistance (sar)-like disease resistance. two maize (zea mays l.) genes zmnbslrr1 (a nbs-lrr gene, cloned from a disease resistance analog pic11 based) and zmgc1, (a putative guanylyl cyclase-like gene) have both ... | 2009 | 19193968 |
| understanding the plasticity of the alpha/beta hydrolase fold: lid swapping on the candida antarctica lipase b results in chimeras with interesting biocatalytic properties. | the best of both worlds. long molecular dynamics (md) simulations of candida antarctica lipase b (calb) confirmed the function of helix alpha5 as a lid structure. replacement of the helix with corresponding lid regions from calb homologues from neurospora crassa and gibberella zeae resulted in new calb chimeras with novel biocatalytic properties. the figure shows a snapshot from the md simulation. the candida antarctica lipase b (calb) has found very extensive use in biocatalysis reactions. long ... | 2009 | 19156649 |
| real-time quantitative expression studies of the zearalenone biosynthetic gene cluster in fusarium graminearum. | the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (zon) produced by some fusarium spp. causes reproductive problems and hyperestrogenic syndromes in mammals. in an effort to elucidate the molecular pathways of zon production, we present a comparative real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction expression study of seven contiguous genes in the zon biosynthetic cluster on sterile rice and during wheat and oat infection. under zon production on rice, the polyketide synthase (pks) genes pks4 and pks13, alco ... | 2009 | 19159310 |
| the dddp gene, encoding a novel enzyme that converts dimethylsulfoniopropionate into dimethyl sulfide, is widespread in ocean metagenomes and marine bacteria and also occurs in some ascomycete fungi. | the marine alphaproteobacterium roseovarius nubinhibens ism can produce the gas dimethyl sulfide (dms) from dimethylsulfoniopropionate (dmsp), a widespread secondary metabolite that occurs in many phytoplankton. roseovarius possesses a novel gene, termed dddp, which when cloned, confers on escherichia coli the ability to produce dms. the dddp polypeptide is in the large family of m24 metallopeptidases and is wholly different from two other enzymes, dddd and dddl, which were previously shown to g ... | 2009 | 19220400 |
| assessment of the core cryparin promoter from cryphonectria parasitica for heterologous expression in filamentous fungi. | cryparin is an abundant cell-wall-associated hydrophobin of cryphonectria parasitica. although cryparin is encoded as a single copy gene, it is the most abundant protein produced by this fungus when grown in liquid culture. studies to characterize the transcriptional regulatory element(s) found that the fragment between nt -188 and the start codon was the minimal but sufficient promoter element for expression of the cryparin gene. to explore the possibility of using this small fragment as a mini ... | 2009 | 19238380 |
| fusarium response to oxidative stress by h2o2 is trichothecene chemotype-dependent. | the present study aims at clarifying the impact of oxidative stress on type b trichothecene production. the responses to hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) of an array of fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum strains were compared, both species carrying either the chemotype deoxynivalenol (don) or nivalenol (niv). in both cases, levels of in vitro toxin production are greatly influenced by the oxidative parameters of the medium. a 0.5 mm h(2)o(2) stress induces a two- to 50-fold enhancement of do ... | 2009 | 19239497 |
| a new fungitoxic metabolite from spiraea alpina pall. | the fungitoxic metabolites of spiraea alpina pall. were identified using inhibition of rhizoctonia solani, gibberella zeae, pyricularia oryzea and exserohilum turcicum as an end-point. the major fungitoxic constituent of s. alpina was a new diacylated sugar, structurally elucidated as 6-o-(3',4'-dihydroxy-2'-methylenbutyryl)-1-o-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-d-glucopyranose. this compound could inhibit at 0.1 mg/ml rhizoctonia solani and exserohilum turcicum, 87.6% and 63.2%, respectively. | 2009 | 19239922 |
| molecular basis of arabinobio-hydrolase activity in phytopathogenic fungi: crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of fusarium graminearum gh93 exo-alpha-l-arabinanase. | the phytopathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum secretes a very diverse pool of glycoside hydrolases (ghs) aimed at degrading plant cell walls. alpha-l-arabinanases are essential ghs participating in the complete hydrolysis of hemicellulose, a natural resource for various industrial processes, such as bioethanol or pharmaceuticals production. arb93a, the exo-1,5-alpha-l-arabinanase of f. graminearum encoded by the gene fg03054.1, belongs to the gh93 family, for which no structural data exists. t ... | 2009 | 19269961 |
| post-anthesis moisture increased fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol levels in north carolina winter wheat. | abstract current models for forecasting fusarium head blight (fhb) and deoxynivalenol (don) levels in wheat are based on weather near anthesis, and breeding for resistance to fhb pathogens often relies on irrigation before and shortly after anthesis to encourage disease development. the effects of post-anthesis environmental conditions on fhb are poorly understood. we performed a field experiment at kinston, nc, to explore the effects of increasing duration of post-anthesis moisture on disease i ... | 2009 | 19271972 |
| characterization of fusarium graminearum isolates resistant to both carbendazim and a new fungicide js399-19. | fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat and other cereals, caused mainly by fusarium graminearum, is one of the most economically important diseases worldwide, especially in the united states and china. the benzimidazole fungicides, particularly carbendazim (mbc), have been consistently used during the period of wheat heading and flowering in areas with warm and moist weather to control fhb in china for over 30 years. the effectiveness of mbc, however, has been threatened by the emergence of resista ... | 2009 | 19271986 |
| [molecular cytogenetics, fertility, and scab resistance of the intergeneric hybrid f1 and bc1 between triticum aestivum and roegneria kamoji]. | the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids between common wheat and roegneria kamoji were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture. morphology, chromosome pairing behavior at meiosis, fertility, and resistance to scab of the hybrid f1 and bc1 were studied. the results showed that the morphology of the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids f1 between r. kamoji and t. aestivum cv. chinese spring were intermediate type between the two parental species. the chromosome configuration at metaphase i (mi) of ... | 2009 | 19273443 |
| microsphere resin chromatography combined with microbial biotransformation for the separation and purification of salvianolic acid b in aqueous extract of roots of salvia multiorrihza bunge. | salvianolic acid b was separated and purified from salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (danshen) by microbial transformation together with chromatography of microsphere resin. the aqueous extract of danshen was transformed by fusarium graminearum in a bioreactor containing phosphate buffer (pbs), in which rosmarinic acid was transformed into danshensu and caffeic acid and the yield of salvianolic acid b was higher than 85%. after biotransformation, salvianolic acid b was purified by microsphere resin. a p ... | 2009 | 19296955 |
| concurrent selection for microbial suppression of fusarium graminearum, fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol in wheat. | identify biological agents that can both control fusarium head blight (fhb) and reduce deoxynivalenol (don) production. | 2009 | 19298518 |
| genetic diversity and fitness of fusarium graminearum populations from rice in korea. | fusarium graminearum is an important fungal pathogen of cereal crops and produces mycotoxins, such as the trichothecenes nivalenol and deoxynivalenol. this species may be subdivided into a series of genetic lineages or phylogenetic species. we identified strains of f. graminearum from the republic of korea to lineage, tested their ability to produce nivalenol and deoxynivalenol, and determined the genetic composition and structure of the populations from which they were recovered. based on ampli ... | 2009 | 19304830 |
| global gene regulation by fusarium transcription factors tri6 and tri10 reveals adaptations for toxin biosynthesis. | trichothecenes are isoprenoid mycotoxins produced in wheat infected with the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum. some fungal genes for trichothecene biosynthesis (tri genes) are known to be under control of transcription factors encoded by tri6 and tri10. tri6 and tri10 deletion mutants were constructed in order to discover additional genes regulated by these factors in planta. both mutants were greatly reduced in pathogenicity and toxin production and these phenotypes were largely restored ... | 2009 | 19320833 |
| fusarium graminearum growth inhibition due to glucose starvation caused by osthol. | the effects of osthol, a plant coumarin, on morphology, sugar uptake and cell wall components of fusarium graminearum were examined in vitro by electron microscopy,(14)c-labelling and enzyme activity detection. the results revealed that osthol could inhibit the hypha growth of f. graminearum by decreasing hyphal absorption to reducing sugar. after treatment with 100 microg.ml(-1) osthol for 24 h, many hyphal fragments of f. graminearum appeared. microscopy observation showed that the cell walls ... | 2008 | 19325755 |
| effects of milling and cooking processes on the deoxynivalenol content in wheat. | deoxynivalenol (don, vomitoxin) is a natural-occuring mycotoxin mainly produced by fusarium graminearum, a food-borne fungi widely distributed in crops and it is one of the most important mycotoxins in wheat and wheat-based foods and feeds. don affects animal and human health causing diarrhea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal inflammation, and immunomodulation. since the rate of the occurrence of don in wheat is high, effective procedures to remove or eliminate don from food products is essential to ... | 2008 | 19330063 |
| upscaled ctab-based dna extraction and real-time pcr assays for fusarium culmorum and f. graminearum dna in plant material with reduced sampling error. | fusarium graminearum schwabe (gibberella zeae schwein. petch.) and f. culmorum w.g. smith are major mycotoxin producers in small-grain cereals afflicted with fusarium head blight (fhb). real-time pcr (qpcr) is the method of choice for species-specific, quantitative estimation of fungal biomass in plant tissue. we demonstrated that increasing the amount of plant material used for dna extraction to 0.5-1.0 g considerably reduced sampling error and improved the reproducibility of dna yield. the cos ... | 2008 | 19330077 |
| development of a generic pcr detection of 3-acetyldeoxy-nivalenol-, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol- and nivalenol-chemotypes of fusarium graminearum clade. | fusarium graminearum clade pathogens cause fusarium head blight (fhb) or scab of wheat and other small cereal grains, producing different kinds of trichothecene mycotoxins that are detrimental to human and domestic animals. type b trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-acdon), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-acdon) and nivalenol (niv) are the principal fusarium mycotoxins reported in china, as well as in other countries. a genomic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) t ... | 2008 | 19330088 |
| biological control of late blight (phytophthora infestans (mont.) de bary) in tomatoes with mycoextracts from fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum. | following a screening completed over several species of fungus for establishing the efficiency of the extracts produced from them, against agent causing the late blight--phytophthora infestans--two species of fungus were selected--fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum--in order to employ them and their strains with different virulence in the pathosystem fungi/lycopersicumm esculentum. the utilized extracts are based on ethanol and obtained from mycelium and culture filtrate. extract was app ... | 2008 | 19226762 |
| [resistant mechanism of fusarium graminearum against carbendazim, unrelative to alpha2-tubulin gene]. | we studied the resistance of fusarium graminearum against carbendazim, to confirm if the resistance was related to the whole nucleotide sequence of alpha2-tubulin. | 2008 | 19160817 |
| comparative evolutionary histories of the fungal chitinase gene family reveal non-random size expansions and contractions due to adaptive natural selection. | gene duplication and loss play an important role in the evolution of novel functions and for shaping an organism's gene content. recently, it was suggested that stress-related genes frequently are exposed to duplications and losses, while growth-related genes show selection against change in copy number. the fungal chitinase gene family constitutes an interesting case study of gene duplication and loss, as their biological roles include growth and development as well as more stress-responsive fu ... | 2008 | 19204807 |
| aqueous and organic extracts of trigonella foenum-graecum l. inhibit the mycelia growth of fungi. | aqueous extracts from various plant parts of fenugreek (3%) (aerial parts: leaves and stems (ls), roots (r), ground seeds (gs) and not ground seeds (ngs)) and petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions of the aerial parts were assayed to determine their antifungal potential against botrytis cinerea, fusarium graminearum, alternaria sp., pythium aphanidermatum, and rhizoctinia solani. all fenugreek plant parts showed antifungal potential and the magnitude of their inhibitory effects ... | 2008 | 19209631 |
| [flash-pcr diagnostics of toxigenic fungi of the genus fusarium]. | a test system for the diagnostics and identification of seven toxigenic fungi causing fusarioses of cereals (fusarium graminearum, f. culmorum, f. poae, f. sporotrichioides, f. langsethiae, f. avenaceum, and f. tricinctum) was developed using pcr. the identification of pathogen is based on the specific amplification of a dna fragment of the gene of translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef-1alpha) and subsequent detection of the results by the fluorescent amplification-based specific hybridizat ... | 2008 | 19088754 |
| [cloning and expression analysis of two salt and fusarium graminearum stress associated udp-glucosyltransferases genes in wheat]. | glycosyltransferases (gts) play important roles in stress responses of plants by glycosylating hormones and secondary metabolites. udp-glucosyltransferases (ugts), which use udp-glucuronic acid in animals, udp-glucose, udp-galactose, and udp- rhamnose in plant as sugar donors, belong to family 1 of gts. as a secondary metabolite produced by fusarium graminearum during infection of grains, deoxynivalenol (don) is not only harmful to human and animal's health by inhibiting protein synthesis, but a ... | 2008 | 19073578 |
| antifungal activity of lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans against fusarium proliferatum and fusarium graminearum in a liquid culture setting. | lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans, isolated from a traditional sourdough bread culture and previously shown to have antifungal activity against fusarium species, was tested for inhibition of growth of fusarium proliferatum m 5991 and m 5689 and f. graminearum r 4053 in a liquid medium setting. this isolate completely inhibited the growth of f. proliferatum m 5689 and m 5991 and f. graminearum r 4053, whereas such growth was not inhibited in the control in a supernatant agar plate assay. wh ... | 2008 | 19044263 |
| identification and functional characterization of the 2-hydroxy fatty n-acyl-delta3(e)-desaturase from fusarium graminearum. | delta3(e)-unsaturated fatty acids are characteristic components of glycosylceramides from some fungi, including also human- and plant-pathogenic species. the function and genetic basis for this unsaturation is unknown. for fusarium graminearum, which is pathogenic to grasses and cereals, we could show that the level of delta3-unsaturation of glucosylceramide (glccer) was highest at low temperatures and decreased when the fungus was grown above 28 degrees c. with a bioinformatics approach, we ide ... | 2008 | 18981185 |
| phases of infection and gene expression of fusarium graminearum during crown rot disease of wheat. | fusarium graminearum causes head blight (fhb) and crown rot (cr) diseases in wheat. compared with fhb, cr symptom development occurs slowly, usually taking 4 to 8 weeks to become visible. to characterize cr development, we used histological and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses to assess fungal colonization during a timecourse of infection. three distinct phases of infection were identified: i) initial spore germination with formation of a superficial hyphal mat at the in ... | 2008 | 18986253 |
| modified microwave-assisted extraction of ergosterol for measuring fungal biomass in grain cultures. | ergosterol is a measure for fungal biomass. the recovery rates using a previously described microwave-assisted-extraction (mae) method for ergosterol analysis tended to be low for grain cultures (pure culture in sterilized 40% moisture content grain) inoculated with fusarium graminearum . an improved mae method for measuring ergosterol in grain cultures was developed and compared. modification to the original mae included alterations in duration of microwave exposure and extraction solvents. fou ... | 2008 | 18991448 |
| chiral gamma-aryl-1h-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as highly potential antifungal agents: design, synthesis, structure, and in vitro fungicidal activities. | a novel series of chiral gamma-aryl-1h-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as highly potential antifungal agents have been designed and synthesized conveniently by using the chiral auxiliary as a controlling reagent. all of the compounds exhibit moderate to high ee values reaching up to 99%, and the preliminary bioassay results demonstrated that most of the target compounds take on a significantly wide spectrum activity against fusarium oxysporium, rhizoctonia solani, botrytis cinereapers, gibberella zea ... | 2008 | 18998696 |
| effects of propionibacterium on the growth and mycotoxin production by some species of fusarium and alternaria. | the aim of this research was to study the antifungal properties of propionibacteria. three fractions from cultures of propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii 41 and ssp. freudenreichii 111 (i.e. culture containing viable bacteria, cell-free supernatant and bacteriocin preparation) were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth and mycotoxin production of alternaria alternata, fusarium culmorum, fusarium graminearum and fusarium verticillioides. the growth of the fungi was monitored ... | 2008 | 19004241 |
| evolutionary history of the ancient cutinase family in five filamentous ascomycetes reveals differential gene duplications and losses and in magnaporthe grisea shows evidence of sub- and neo-functionalization. | * the cuticle is the first barrier for fungi that parasitize plants systematically or opportunistically. here, the evolutionary history is reported of the multimembered cutinase families of the plant pathogenic ascomycetes magnaporthe grisea, fusarium graminearum and botrytis cinerea and the saprotrophic ascomycetes aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa. * molecular taxonomy of all fungal cutinases demonstrates a clear division into two ancient subfamilies. no evidence was found for lateral ... | 2008 | 18713314 |
| a model for integration of dna into the genome during transformation of fusarium graminearum. | transformants of fusarium graminearum were derived using linearized dna of plasmids designed to replace the trichodiene synthase gene, a cutinase gene or a xylanase gene with a hygromycin-resistance marker cassette by homologous recombination between 1-kbp segments of flanking dna. most transformants did not exhibit the dna structure expected of integration by classical double recombination. instead, they contained linearized plasmid joined end-to-end and variably incorporated into the genome. t ... | 2008 | 18722542 |
| occurrence of zearalenone on fusarium graminearum infected wheat and maize fields in crop organs, soil, and drainage water. | the mycotoxin zearalenone (zon) is a very potent natural endocrine disrupting chemical, produced by fusarium graminearum fungi growing on crops such as wheat and maize. although it is well-investigated in food and feed, very little is known about its environmental fate and behavior. here, we report the occurrence of zon on f. graminearum infected wheat and maize fields in crop organs and soil and its emission via drainage water. zon amounts in the investigated crops and topsoil were between 6.1 ... | 2008 | 18754460 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of gibberella zeae extracellular lipase. | fusarium head blight, one of the most destructive crop diseases, is mainly caused by fusarium graminearum (known in its sexual stage as gibberella zeae). f. graminearum secretes various extracellular enzymes that have been hypothesized to be involved in host infection. one of the extracellular enzymes secreted by this organism is the g. zeae extracellular lipase (gzel), which is encoded by the fgl1 gene. in order to solve the crystal structure of gzel and to gain a better understanding of the bi ... | 2008 | 18765911 |
| comparative mycotoxin profiles of gibberella zeae populations from barley, wheat, potatoes, and sugar beets. | gibberella zeae is one of the most devastating pathogens of barley and wheat in the united states. the fungus also infects noncereal crops, such as potatoes and sugar beets, and the genetic relationships among barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet isolates indicate high levels of similarity. however, little is known about the toxigenic potential of g. zeae isolates from potatoes and sugar beets. a total of 336 isolates of g. zeae from barley, wheat, potatoes, and sugar beets were collected and a ... | 2008 | 18791024 |
| soil fungistasis and its relations to soil microbial composition and diversity: a case study of a series of soils with different fungistasis. | fungistasis is one of the important approaches to control soil-borne plant pathogens. some hypotheses about the mechanisms for soil fungistasis had been established, which mainly focused on the soil bacterial community composition, structure, diversity as well as function. in this study, the bacterial community composition and diversity of a series of soils treated by autoclaving, which coming from the same original soil sample and showing gradient fungistasis to the target soil-borne pathogen f ... | 2008 | 18814585 |
| multilocus genotyping and molecular phylogenetics resolve a novel head blight pathogen within the fusarium graminearum species complex from ethiopia. | a survey of fusarium head blight (fhb)-contaminated wheat in ethiopia recovered 31 isolates resembling members of the fusarium graminearum species complex. results of a multilocus genotyping (mlgt) assay for fhb species and trichothecene chemotype determination suggested that 22 of these isolates might represent a new species within the fg complex. phylogenetic analyses of multilocus dna sequence data resolved the 22 ethiopian isolates as a novel, phylogenetically distinct species. the new speci ... | 2008 | 18824240 |
| [development of the monoclonal antibody to deoxynivalenol]. | deoxynivalenol (don) is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fusarium graminearum, a pathogen causing fusarium head blight of wheat. it is necessary to establish a rapid and simple assay to detect don. | 2008 | 18837372 |
| transposon-tagging identifies novel pathogenicity genes in fusarium graminearum. | with the increase of sequenced fungal genomes, high-throughput methods for functional analyses of genes are needed. we assessed the potential of a new transposon mutagenesis tool deploying a fusarium oxysporum miniature inverted-repeat transposable element mimp1, mobilized by the transposase of impala, a tc1-like transposon, to obtain knock-out mutants in fusarium graminearum. we localized 91 mimp1 insertions which showed good distribution over the entire genome. the main exception was a major h ... | 2008 | 18926918 |
| molecular characterization of the fusarium graminearum species complex in japan. | members of the fusarium graminearum species complex are important cereal pathogens worldwide and belong to one of at least nine phylogenetically distinct species. we examined 298 strains of the f. graminearum species complex collected from wheat or barley in japan to determine the species and trichothecene chemotype. phylogenetic analyses and species-diagnostic polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflps) revealed the presence and differential distribution of f. ... | 2008 | 18943192 |
| germination of ascospores of gibberella zeae after exposure to various levels of relative humidity and temperature. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is one of the most important cereal diseases in the world and has caused major losses to the grain industry. the principal pathogen causing fhb in north america is gibberella zeae (anamorph fusarium graminearum). information on survival and the conditions under which ascospores remain viable once released from perithecia may assist in refining disease forecasting models. this study measured germination of ascospores after exposure to different temperatures, 15, 20, and ... | 2008 | 18943217 |
| genetic relationships among populations of gibberella zeae from barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet in the upper midwest of the united states. | gibberella zeae, a causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat and barley, is one of the most economically harmful pathogens of cereals in the united states. in recent years, the known host range of g. zeae has also expanded to noncereal crops. however, there is a lack of information on the population genetic structure of g. zeae associated with noncereal crops and across wheat cultivars. to test the hypothesis that g. zeae populations sampled from barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet i ... | 2008 | 18943734 |
| an antibiotic complex from lysobacter enzymogenes strain c3: antimicrobial activity and role in plant disease control. | lysobacter enzymogenes c3 is a bacterial biological control agent that exhibits antagonism against multiple fungal pathogens. its antifungal activity was attributed in part to lytic enzymes. in this study, a heat-stable antifungal factor (hsaf), an antibiotic complex consisting of dihydromaltophilin and structurally related macrocyclic lactams, was found to be responsible for antagonism by c3 against fungi and oomycetes in culture. hsaf in purified form exhibited inhibitory activity against a wi ... | 2008 | 18944294 |
| the fate of gene duplicates in the genomes of fungal pathogens. | understanding how molecular changes underlie phenotypic variation within and between species is one of the main goals of evolutionary biology and comparative genetics. the recent proliferation of sequenced fungal genomes offers a unique opportunity to start elucidating the extreme phenotypic diversity in the kingdom fungi.1-4 we attempted to investigate the contribution of gene families to the evolutionary forces shaping the diversity of pathogenic lifestyles among the fungi.5 we studied a famil ... | 2008 | 19513258 |
| a guanylyl cyclase-like gene is associated with gibberella ear rot resistance in maize (zea mays l.). | gibberella ear rot, caused by the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum schwabe, is a serious disease of maize (zea mays l.) grown in northern climates. the infected maize grain contains toxins that are very harmful to livestock and humans. a maize gene that encodes a putative 267-amino acid guanylyl cyclase-like protein (zmgc1) was characterized and shown to be associated with resistance to this disease. the putative zmgc1 amino acid sequence is 53% identical and 65% similar to atgc1, an arabido ... | 2008 | 18074115 |
| fungistatic activity of flaxseed in potato dextrose agar and a fresh noodle system. | although numerous researchers have studied flaxseed as a food ingredient for its health benefits, flaxseed (linum usitatissimum) has never been considered as a food preservative. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed flour (ff) concentration (0, 6, 9, 12, and 15% wt/wt), cultivar ('omega' and brown) and source (four seed companies located in minnesota and north dakota) on flaxseed fungistatic activity. fungal radial growth was used to assess the fungistatic activi ... | 2008 | 18077042 |
| antifungal activity of lactobacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans isolated from a sourdough bread culture. | lactic acid bacteria were isolated from four different sourdough bread cultures previously investigated for antifungal activity. a total of 116 isolates were obtained and screened for antifungal activity against a battery of molds. the most inhibitory isolate obtained was identified by api 50 chl and 16s ribosomal rna genotyping and found to be lactobacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans. this isolate completely inhibited the growth of fusarium proliferatum m 5689, m 5991 and fusarium graminearum r 40 ... | 2008 | 18077044 |
| the l-type calcium ion channel cch1 affects ascospore discharge and mycelial growth in the filamentous fungus gibberella zeae (anamorph fusarium graminearum). | cch1, a putative voltage-gated calcium ion channel, was investigated for its role in ascus development in gibberella zeae. gene replacement mutants of cch1 were generated and found to have asci which did not forcibly discharge spores, although morphologically ascus and ascospore development in the majority of asci appeared normal. additionally, mycelial growth was significantly slower, and sexual development was slightly delayed in the mutant; mutant mycelia showed a distinctive fluffy morpholog ... | 2008 | 18083828 |
| large-scale expressed sequence tag analysis for the chestnut blight fungus cryphonectria parasitica. | cryphonectria parasitica is the causal fungal agent responsible for the chestnut blight disease. we report the generation of 14,263 expressed sequence tags representing 6318 unisequences for the fungus. functional annotation of these unisequences revealed different gene expression patterns for wild-type and hypovirus-infected cultures at the sporulation stage and allowed the reconstruction of key c. parasitica signal transduction pathways conserved in the sorbidaryomycetes. a list of homologous ... | 2008 | 18166491 |
| fusarium graminearum gene deletion mutants map1 and tri5 reveal similarities and differences in the pathogenicity requirements to cause disease on arabidopsis and wheat floral tissue. | the ascomycete pathogen fusarium graminearum can infect all cereal species and lower grain yield, quality and safety. the fungus can also cause disease on arabidopsis thaliana. in this study, the disease-causing ability of two f. graminearum mutants was analysed to further explore the parallels between the wheat (triticum aestivum) and arabidopsis floral pathosystems. wild-type f. graminearum (strain ph-1) and two isogenic transformants lacking either the mitogen-activated protein kinase map1 ge ... | 2008 | 18179606 |
| fusarium mycotoxins: overlooked aquatic micropollutants? | deoxynivalenol and zearalenone are among the most prevalent toxins produced by fusarium spp. they have been investigated in food and feed products for decades but rarely in the environment. we therefore established solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) methods to quantify these mycotoxins at trace concentrations in aqueous natural samples. in a model emission study, we inoculated a winter wheat field with fusarium graminearum and subsequently monitored deoxyn ... | 2008 | 18197623 |
| inhibition of fusarium graminearum growth and development by farnesol. | the isoprenoid farnesol was previously shown to induce morphological features characteristic of apoptosis in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. this study demonstrates that under similar liquid media growth conditions, farnesol also triggers apoptosis in the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. however, unlike a. nidulans, f. graminearum spores treated with farnesol exhibited altered germination patterns and most (>60%) lysed upon prolonged exposure. given the economic importa ... | 2008 | 18201191 |
| the discovery and analysis of a diverged family of novel antifungal moricin-like peptides in the wax moth galleria mellonella. | screening for components with antifungal activity in the hemolymph of immune-stimulated galleria mellonella larvae led to the identification of four novel moricin-like peptides (a, b, c3 and d). subsequently, eight moricin-like peptide genes (a, b, c1-5 and d) were isolated and shown to code for seven unique peptides (mature c4 and c5 are identical). these genes contained single introns which varied from 180 to 1090bp. the moricin-like peptides were particularly active against filamentous fungi, ... | 2008 | 18207081 |
| antifungal activity stability of flaxseed protein extract using response surface methodology. | the stability of the antifungal activity of flaxseed (linum usitatissimum) protein extract was evaluated in this study. response surface methodology (rsm) using box-behnken factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of treatment variables, that is, temperature (50 to 90 degrees c), time (1 to 29 min), and ph (2 to 8), on the residual antifungal activity (raa) against penicillium chrysogenum, fusarium graminearum, aspergillus flavus, and a penicillium sp. isolated from moldy noodles. regre ... | 2008 | 18211360 |
| identification of differentially expressed proteins in a mat1-2-deleted strain of gibberella zeae, using a comparative proteomics analysis. | gibberella zeae is a self-fertile ascomycetous fungus that causes important diseases of cereal crops. a comprehensive understanding of sexual reproduction in g. zeae is needed for disease control. to identify fungal proteins involved in this process, we compared the protein profiles of a wild-type strain and its self-sterile strain deleted for mat1-2, a master regulator of sexual reproduction in g. zeae. using 2-de and either maldi-tof or esi-q-tof ms, we identified 13 protein spots that showed ... | 2008 | 18214489 |
| functional analyses of heterotrimeric g protein g alpha and g beta subunits in gibberella zeae. | the homothallic ascomycete fungus gibberella zeae (anamorph: fusarium graminearum) is a major toxigenic plant pathogen that causes head blight disease on small-grain cereals. the fungus produces the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (don) and zearalenone (zea) in infected hosts, posing a threat to human and animal health. despite its agricultural and toxicological importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth, development and virulence remain largely unknown. to better understand such mecha ... | 2008 | 18227243 |
| differential expression of proteins in response to the interaction between the pathogen fusarium graminearum and its host, hordeum vulgare. | using proteomic techniques, a study aimed at isolating and identifying proteins associated with resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) was conducted on six barley genotypes of varying resistance. at anthesis, barley spikelets were point inoculated with fusarium graminearum macroconidial suspensions or mock inoculum. in total, 43 acidic protein spots out of 600 were detected 3 days postinoculation to be differentially expressed due to fhb and were identified. identification of proteins responsi ... | 2008 | 18232057 |
| a screening system for inhibitors of trichothecene biosynthesis: hydroxylation of trichodiene as a target. | fusarium tri4 encodes a key cytochrome p450 monooxygenase for hydroxylation of trichodiene early in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes. in this study, we established a system for screening for inhibitors of trichothecene biosynthesis using transgenic saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing tri4. for easy evaluation of the tri4 activity, trichodiene-11-one was used as a substrate and the formation of 2alpha-hydroxytrichodiene-11-one was monitored by hplc. using this system, tri4 proved to be inhibite ... | 2008 | 18239857 |
| gene expression in fusarium graminearum grown on plant cell wall. | fusarium graminearum is a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus attacking a wide range of plants including humulus lupulus (hop). transcriptional analysis of f. graminearum grown on minimal media containing hop cell wall or glucose as the sole carbon source was performed by applying a highly stringent method combining microarrays and a subtracted cdna library. in addition to genes coding for various cell wall degrading enzymes (cwde), several metabolic pathways were induced in response to the plant ... | 2008 | 18249015 |
| alignment of genetic and physical maps of gibberella zeae. | we previously published a genetic map of gibberella zeae (fusarium graminearum sensu lato) based on a cross between kansas strain z-3639 (lineage 7) and japanese strain r-5470 (lineage 6). in this study, that genetic map was aligned with the third assembly of the genomic sequence of g. zeae strain ph-1 (lineage 7) using seven structural genes and 108 sequenced amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. several linkage groups were combined based on the alignments, the nine original linkage g ... | 2008 | 18263740 |
| trichothecenes and mycoflora in wheat harvested in nine locations in buenos aires province, argentina. | a total of 120 freshly harvested wheat samples from the 2004 season in nine locations from northern buenos aires province, argentina, were analysed for trichothecene natural occurrence and associated mycoflora, and for determining the influence of commonly used fungicide field treatment and the cultivar type on trichothecene contamination. the trichothecenes t-2 tetraol, t-2 triol, ht-2 and t-2 toxin (ht-2, t-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (das), nivalenol (niv), deoxynivalenol (don), 3-acetyldeoxynival ... | 2008 | 18266077 |
| [purification and identification of iturin a from bacillus subtilis ja by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry]. | lipopeptides produced by bacillus subtilis ja antagonized a broad spectrum of plant fungal pathogens. the purification and identification of the lipopeptide antibiotics plays an important role for further research. crude lipopeptides were extracted with methanol from the precipitate, which was obtained by adding 6mol/l hcl to the cell-free culture broth and then stored at 4 degrees c overnight. the crude extract was run on reversed-phase hplc system with a diamonsil c18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, ... | 2008 | 18338587 |
| characterization of fusarium graminearum mes1 reveals roles in cell-surface organization and virulence. | the surfaces of fungal hyphae are mosaics of carbohydrates and cell-surface proteins. presently, very little is known about the role of these proteins and their organization at the cell surface. here, we characterize two fusarium graminearum genes implicated in cell-surface organization, mes1 (fgsg_06680) and pls1 (fgsg_08695). mes1 is a homologue of mesa, which is required for the formation of stable polarity axes in aspergillus nidulans. pls1 encodes a tetraspanin, which belongs to a class of ... | 2008 | 18339563 |
| the role of double covalent flavin binding in chito-oligosaccharide oxidase from fusarium graminearum. | chito (chito-oligosaccharide oxidase) from fusarium graminearum catalyses the regioselective oxidation of n-acetylated oligosaccharides. the enzyme harbours an fad cofactor that is covalently attached to his94 and cys154. the functional role of this unusual bi-covalent flavin-protein linkage was studied by site-directed mutagenesis. the double mutant (h94a/c154a) was not expressed, which suggests that a covalent flavin-protein bond is needed for protein stability. the single mutants h94a and c15 ... | 2008 | 18352858 |
| a polyketide macrolactone synthase from the filamentous fungus gibberella zeae. | resorcylic acid lactones represent a unique class of fungal polyketides and display a wide range of biological activities, such as nanomolar inhibitors of hsp90 and map kinase. the biosynthesis of these compounds is proposed to involve two fungal polyketide synthases (pks) that function collaboratively to yield a 14-membered macrolactone with a resorcylate core. we report here the reconstitution of gibberella zeae pks13, which is the nonreducing pks associated with zearalenone biosynthesis. usin ... | 2008 | 18427109 |
| proteomic analyses of fusarium graminearum grown under mycotoxin-inducing conditions. | non-gel-based quantitative proteomics technology was used to profile protein expression differences when fusarium graminearum was induced to produce trichothecenes in vitro. as f. graminearum synthesizes and secretes trichothecenes early in the cereal host invasion process, we hypothesized that proteins contributing to infection would also be induced under conditions favouring mycotoxin synthesis. protein samples were extracted from three biological replicates of a time course study and subjecte ... | 2008 | 18452225 |
| transgenic wheat expressing a barley class ii chitinase gene has enhanced resistance against fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb; scab), primarily caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. fhb causes yield reductions and contamination of grains with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don). the genetic variation in existing wheat germplasm pools for fhb resistance is low and may not provide sufficient resistance to develop cultivars through traditional breeding approaches. thus, genetic engineering provides an additional approach to enhance fhb resi ... | 2008 | 18467324 |
| mycobiota and aflatoxins in raw materials and pet food in brazil. | commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. in dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. the aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (afs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of aspergillus flavus species was investigated. aspergillus ... | 2008 | 18477320 |
| spiroethers of german chamomile inhibit production of aflatoxin g and trichothecene mycotoxin by inhibiting cytochrome p450 monooxygenases involved in their biosynthesis. | the essential oil of german chamomile showed specific inhibition toward aflatoxin g(1) (afg(1)) production, and (e)- and (z)-spiroethers were isolated as the active compounds from the oil. the (e)- and (z)-spiroethers inhibited afg(1) production of aspergillus parasiticus with inhibitory concentration 50% (ic(50)) values of 2.8 and 20.8 microm, respectively, without inhibiting fungal growth. results of an o-methylsterigmatocystin (omst) conversion study indicated that the spiroethers specificall ... | 2008 | 18492060 |
| expression and function of sex pheromones and receptors in the homothallic ascomycete gibberella zeae. | in heterothallic ascomycete fungi, idiomorphic alleles at the mat locus control two sex pheromone-receptor pairs that function in the recognition and chemoattraction of strains with opposite mating types. in the ascomycete gibberella zeae, the mat locus is rearranged such that both alleles are adjacent on the same chromosome. strains of g. zeae are self-fertile but can outcross facultatively. our objective was to determine if pheromones retain a role in sexual reproduction in this homothallic fu ... | 2008 | 18503004 |
| pcr analysis of the tri13 gene to determine the genetic potential of fusarium graminearum isolates from iran to produce nivalenol and deoxynivalenol. | fusarium graminearum trichothecene producing isolates can be broadly divided into two chemotypes based on the production of the 8- ketotrichothecenes deoxynivalenol (don) and nivalenol (niv). functional tri13 gene required for the production of niv and 4- acetyl niv, whereas in the isolates producing don and its acetylated derivates, this gene is nonfunctional. in this study, a total of 57 isolates from different fields of mazandaran province, iran were identified as f. graminearum using classic ... | 2008 | 18523864 |
| the coiled-coil protein-binding motif in fusarium verticillioides fsr1 is essential for maize stalk rot virulence. | fusarium verticillioides (sacc.) nirenberg (teleomorph gibberella moniliformis wineland) is one of the key pathogens of maize stalk rot disease. however, a clear understanding of stalk rot pathogenesis is still lacking. previously, we identified the f. verticillioides fsr1 gene, which plays a key role in fungal virulence and sexual mating. the predicted fsr1 protein contains multiple protein-binding domains, namely a caveolin-binding domain, a coiled-coil structure, and a calmodulin-binding moti ... | 2008 | 18524918 |
| gibberella ear rot of maize (zea mays) in nepal: distribution of the mycotoxins nivalenol and deoxynivalenol in naturally and experimentally infected maize. | the fungus fusarium graminearum (sexual stage gibberella zeae) causes ear rot of maize (zea mays) and contamination with the 8-ketotrichothecenes nivalenol (1) or 4-deoxynivalenol (2), depending on diversity of the fungal population for the 4-oxygenase gene (tri13). to determine the importance of 1 and 2 in maize ear rot, a survey of naturally contaminated maize in nepal was combined with experiments in the field and in a plant growth room. in the survey, 1 contamination was 4-fold more frequent ... | 2008 | 18533662 |