Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| failure to thrive and history of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a six-year-old hispanic boy. | 2002 | 12005094 | |
| significance of abnormal chest radiograph findings in patients with hiv-1 infection without respiratory symptoms. | patients with hiv-1 infection or aids may present with abnormal chest radiograph (cxr) findings in the absence of symptoms specific to the lung. the objective was to determine the spectrum of disease and the diagnostic modalities employed in these patients. | 2002 | 12006431 |
| stavudine-associated peripheral neuropathy in zidovudine-naïve patients: effect of stavudine exposure and antiretroviral experience. | a post hoc analysis of safety data from study protocol nzt40012 assessed the incidence of conditions defined by the centers for disease control and prevention in 86 zidovudine-naïve, antiretroviral-experienced patients with hiv-1 infection who responded poorly (plasma hiv-1 rna > 1000 copies/ml) despite at least 4 months' treatment with stavudine-containing regimens. peripheral neuropathy occurred in 21%; other conditions were seen less frequently (candidiasis [13%], herpes zoster [12%], diarrhe ... | 2002 | 12008857 |
| heterozygosity for ccr5-delta32 but not ccr2b-64i protects against certain intracellular pathogens. | to determine the association between ccr5 and ccr2b genotype and the clinical manifestation of first and subsequent aids-defining illnesses (adis). | 2002 | 12010355 |
| the pneumocystis carinii drug target s-adenosyl-l-methionine:sterol c-24 methyl transferase has a unique substrate preference. | pneumocystis is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause pneumonitis in immunodeficient people such as aids patients. pneumocystis remains difficult to study in the absence of culture methods for luxuriant growth. recombinant protein technology now makes it possible to avoid some major obstacles. the p. carinii expressed sequence tag (est) database contains 11 entries of a sequence encoding a protein homologous to s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam):c-24 sterol methyl transferase (smt), suggesting hig ... | 2002 | 12010494 |
| simultaneous splenectomy increases risk for opportunistic pneumonia in patients after liver transplantation. | life threatening pneumonias after liver transplantation are often caused by opportunistic pathogens such as legionella pneumophila, pneumocystis carinii, aspergillus species and cytomegalovirus (cmv). due to the high incidence of morbidity and mortality caused by these pneumonias we reviewed 700 liver transplants for risk factors for the development of opportunistic pneumonia. immunosuppression was commenced as either cyclosporin a- or tacrolimus-based protocols. in a subgroup of patients, splen ... | 2002 | 12012043 |
| 3: community-acquired pneumonia. | community-acquired pneumonia is caused by a range of organisms, most commonly streptococcus pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and respiratory viruses. chest x-ray is required for diagnosis. a risk score based on patient age, coexisting illness, physical signs and results of investigations can aid management decisions. patients at low risk can usually be managed with oral antibiotics at home, while those at higher risk should be further assessed, and may need admission to ho ... | 2002 | 12013330 |
| dihydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis in japan. | this study examined polymorphisms in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene of pneumocystis carinii isolates from 27 patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in japan. four substitution sites with two synonymous and two non-synonymous changes were found. two synonymous substitutions at nucleotide positions 540 and 312 were identified in one and 13 patients, respectively. two amino acid substitutions (ala67val, cysl66tyr) were found in two different patients. no linkage of amino acid substitutio ... | 2002 | 12018659 |
| human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors and pneumocystis carinii. | 2002 | 12023783 | |
| resurrection of steroids for sepsis resuscitation. | corticosteroids were proposed to treat patients with severe sepsis as early as 1940. a summary of all available randomized controlled trials performed between 1966 and 1993 was provided in two systematic review that recommended to abandon the use of high dose coricosteroids to treat patients with severe infection. nonetheless, a doubt still persist regarding the efficacy of a strategy of replacement therapy in cathecolamines-dependent shock. this strategy relies mainly on the concept that septic ... | 2002 | 12024069 |
| pneumocystis carinii. | 2002 | 12035661 | |
| structure-based enzyme inhibitor design: modeling studies and crystal structure analysis of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase ternary complex with pt653 and nadph. | structural data are reported for n-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyldibenz[b,f]azepine (pt653), an example of structure-based inhibitor design with 21-fold selectivity for pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (pcdhfr) relative to rat liver dihydrofolate reductase (rldhfr). these data test the hypothesis that 2,4-diaminopteridines with a bulky n,n-diarylaminomethyl side chain at the 6-position could fit better into the larger active site of pcdhfr than into that of mammalian dhfr. the crys ... | 2002 | 12037296 |
| glycyrrhizin: an alternate drug for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. | 2002 | 12038674 | |
| osteopetrosis, lymphedema, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and immunodeficiency in a boy and incontinentia pigmenti in his mother. | a child with x-linked osteopetrosis, lymphedema, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and immunodeficiency (ol-eda-id) was recently reported. we report the clinical features of a second boy with this novel syndrome and his mother, who presented with signs of incontinentia pigmenti (ip). the child had mild osteopetrosis without neurosensory complications, unilateral lymphedema of the left leg, and characteristic features of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with sparse hair, facial dysmorphy, delayed e ... | 2002 | 12042591 |
| hrct findings of chest complications in patients with leukemia. | high-resolution ct (hrct) findings of several chest complications occurring in leukemic patients were reviewed. although most entities show non-specific hrct findings including ground-glass opacity and air-space consolidation, characteristic findings are observed in several pulmonary complications including pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, fungal infections, miliary tuberculosis, leukemic infiltration, pulmonary edema, bronchiolitis obliterans, and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. a ... | 2002 | 12042962 |
| clinical and epidemiologic aspects of human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected children in buenos aires, argentina. | argentina has the sixth largest number of cumulative pediatric cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the americas; therefore, this study was designed to characterize human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) infection in children in buenos aires, argentina. | 2002 | 12044295 |
| management of newborns exposed to maternal hiv infection. | the management of infants whose mothers are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) involves minimizing the risk of vertical transmission of hiv, recognizing neonatal hiv infection early, preventing opportunistic infections, and addressing psychosocial issues. maternal antiretroviral drug therapy during pregnancy and labor, followed by six weeks of neonatal zidovudine therapy, can significantly decrease the risk of vertical transmission. additional antiretroviral drugs may be needed ... | 2002 | 12046772 |
| a comparison of two surface sample collection devices for use in polymerase chain reaction based detection of pneumocystis carinii in house dust. | a polymerase chain reaction assay was optimized to detect p. carinii cysts in composite dust samples. the optimal assay was capable of detecting as few as 10(3) p. carinii cysts in 50 mg of dust. two dust collection devices were evaluated for efficiency and precision of collection of bulk dust and compatibility with the optimized pcr protocol for p. carinii dna detection. a handheld vacuum cleaner equipped with a high-retention bag was found to be superior to a 37-mm filter cassette attached to ... | 2002 | 12049431 |
| [severe bacterial infections after prophylactic suppression of pneumocystis carinii in hiv infected patients after cd4 lymphocyte recovery]. | 2002 | 12049699 | |
| cay-i, a fungicidal saponin from capsicum sp. fruit. | saponins are steroidal or terpenoid-based glycosides with surface active properties. a steroidal saponin, cay-1, with a molecular weight of 1243.35 da, was isolated and purified to homogeneity from commercially available dry, ground fruit of capsicum frutescens. cay-1 was shown to be a potent fungicide for the germinating conidia of aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. parasiticus and a. niger with species-dependent ld90 values between 3 and 20 microm. activity against some aspergillus species w ... | 2002 | 12058725 |
| the impact of novel immunosuppressive agents on infections in organ transplant recipients and the interactions of these agents with antimicrobials. | several of the new immunosuppressive agents that are used to treat transplant recipients possess in vitro activity against specific pathogens, enhance the activity of antimicrobial agents, or have unique drug interactions with antimicrobial agents. mycophenolate mofetil may have a protective effect against pneumocystis carinii; it also enhances the activity of ganciclovir and has strong antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. high doses of mycophenolate mofetil have been ... | 2002 | 12060875 |
| molecular characterization of recombinant pneumocystis carinii topoisomerase i: differential interactions with human topoisomerase i poisons and pentamidine. | the pneumocystis carinii topoisomerase i-encoding gene has been cloned and sequenced, and the expressed enzyme interactions with several classes of topoisomerase i poisons have been characterized. the p. carinii topoisomerase i protein contains 763 amino acids and has a molecular mass of ca. 90 kda. the expressed enzyme relaxes supercoiled dna to completion and has no mg2+ requirement. cleavage assays reveal that both the human and p. carinii enzymes form covalent complexes in the presence of ca ... | 2002 | 12069967 |
| transient clinical deterioration in hiv patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: another case of immune restoration inflammatory syndrome. | 2002 | 12070070 | |
| the post-mortem pathology of hiv-1-infected african children. | a retrospective review of autopsy findings and medical records in 33 hiv-infected children living in a kenyan orphanage is described. their ages ranged from 1 month to 18 years and median age at death was 71 months (range 7-156). respiratory disorders were probably the primary cause of death in 21 (64%), in 19 (90%) of whom pyogenic parenchymal lung disease was detected. a presumptive clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis had been made in 14 (67%); these children also had a history of rec ... | 2002 | 12070947 |
| [frequency of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients in tunisia]. | in tunisia, as in most african countries, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is considered to be rare in hiv-infected patients. frequencies of 8.6% and 21% have been reported. we examined 27 broncho-alveolar lavage specimens collected from hiv-infected tunisian individuals with respiratory symptoms over 4 years (1994-1997), by cyto centrifugation, giemsa and gomori-grocott stain. pneumocystis carinii (p carinii) was present in 9 cases, accounting for 33.3% of all specimens. investigation of th ... | 2002 | 12071041 |
| effectiveness of twice-weekly pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine as primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with advanced hiv infection. | the safety and efficacy of a fixed 25 mg pyrimethamine-500 mg sulfadoxine combination supplemented with 15 mg folinic acid twice a week as primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and toxoplasmic encephalitis was evaluated in 106 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. all patients had a cd4+ t-lymphocyte count of less than 100 cells/microl at study entry. efficacy in this single-arm open-label prospective study was analyzed on an as-treated basis. no patient ... | 2002 | 12072919 |
| long-term follow-up of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after reduced-intensity conditioning in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase. | although allogeneic transplantation is a curative therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml), treatment-related mortality is still a major cause of death after transplantation, especially in older patients. we investigated the safety and efficacy of reduced-intensity conditioning consisting of low-dose (600 cgy) total body irradiation and cytosine arabinoside (1 g/m2) together with a continuous infusion of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) in patients wit ... | 2002 | 12095149 |
| sources of disseminated mycobacterium avium infection in aids. | to identify the sources of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in aids. | 2002 | 12099743 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient on immunosuppressive drugs for pyoderma gangrenosum. | 2002 | 12100210 | |
| elective bone marrow transplantation in a child with x-linked hyper-igm syndrome presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome. | we describe a 10-month-old boy diagnosed with x-linked hyper-igm syndrome (xhim) after suffering from life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), although his previous clinical history and first level laboratory tests investigating immunological function did not indicate immunodeficiency. when the patient's overall condition was good, elective bone marrow transplantation from an hla-matched older brother was performed successfully. ... | 2002 | 12105778 |
| [the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases with monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor: side effects, contraindications and precautions]. | monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used to modulate immunologically mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis and systemic vasculitis. constructs of monoclonal antibodies to tumour necrosis factor (tnf) alpha differ with respect to their structure, effects and immunogenic side effects. clinical experience with tnf alpha-neutralizing therapy has revealed several other side effects over the past few ye ... | 2002 | 12109305 |
| structural studies on bioactive compounds. part 36: design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimethamine-based antifolates against pneumocystis carinii. | as part of a research effort to improve the quality of current chemotherapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, we report a structure-based design project to optimise activity, species selectivity and pharmaceutical properties of the triazenyl-pyrimethamine tab (4) (ic(50)=0.17 microm; rat liver dhfr ic(50)/p. carinii dhfr ic(50)=114). this has led us to design, synthesise and evaluate four new series of pyrimethamine derivatives bearing triazole, triazolium, triazinium and amino moieties at the ... | 2002 | 12110323 |
| therapeutic efficacies of gw471552 and gw471558, two new azasordarin derivatives, against pneumocystosis in two immunosuppressed-rat models. | two new azasordarins, gw471552 and gw471558, were studied in vivo for treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in the wistar rat spontaneous pneumonia model, both azasordarins significantly reduced the number of p. carinii cysts per gram of lung homogenate when administered at 1 mg/kg of body weight twice a day for 10 days. in a nude rat inoculation model, both compounds showed therapeutic efficacy at 0.25 mg/kg twice a day for 10 days. | 2002 | 12121948 |
| [pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus pneumonia after corticosteroid therapy in acute severe alcoholic hepatitis: 2 case reports]. | most cases of infections described after steroid treatment for severe acute alcoholic hepatitis are of bacterial origin. however, the rate of bacterial infections in these patients is not higher than in those who are not treated by steroids. the opportunistic infections are even more rare. we report two cases of patients with cirrhosis and human immunodeficiency virus, treated for alcoholic hepatitis with steroids and who subsequently developed severe pneumopathy due to pneumocystis carinii. one ... | 2002 | 12122370 |
| concurrent modified pcv chemotherapy and radiotherapy in newly diagnosed grade iv astrocytoma. | adjuvant chemotherapy (ct) in the treatment of grade iv astrocytoma is at best modestly effective. the radiosensitizing effect of ct may confer an advantage to concurrent radiotherapy (rt) and ct. this study investigated concurrent procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (pcv) ct in newly diagnosed grade iv astrocytoma patients. | 2002 | 12125984 |
| phase ii trial of subcutaneous anti-cd52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab (campath-1h) as first-line treatment for patients with b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll). | this phase ii study determined the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab, a humanized anti-cd52 monoclonal antibody, delivered subcutaneously as first-line therapy, over a prolonged treatment period of 18 weeks in 41 patients with symptomatic b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll). injections were administered subcutaneously 3 times per week, from week 2 to 3 onward. an overall response rate (or) of 87% (95% ci, 76%-98%; complete remission [cr], 19%; partial remission [pr], 68%) was achieved i ... | 2002 | 12130484 |
| electrocardiogram in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: can it be used as a prognostic variable? | many prognostic variables have been studied in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the role of the electrocardiogram in this setting has not been previously evaluated. we analyzed the admission electrocardiogram in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and aids in an attempt to identify electrocardiogram findings that could be associated with adverse clinical outcomes and worse prognostic variables. | 2002 | 12130956 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after the discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis. | 2002 | 12131226 | |
| pneumocystis carinii carriage in immunocompromised patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. | eighty-one bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens obtained from 26 hiv-infected, 45 non-hiv immunosuppressed and 10 immunocompetent patients with primary pulmonary diseases were analysed for the presence of pneumocystis carinii by staining and by p. carinii 5s rdna determined by pcr. p. carinii was observed by staining of bal specimens from hiv-infected patients significantly more frequently than those from immunocompromised hosts without hiv infection (57.7% versus 20.0%, respectively). p. cari ... | 2002 | 12132780 |
| unusual presentations of primary human immunodeficiency virus infection. | opportunistic infections during primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are rare, with the exception of oral and esophageal candidiasis. hiv-associated nephropathy (hivan) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) typically occur during advanced hiv infection. we report two patients who developed hivan and a presumptive diagnosis of pcp, respectively, during primary hiv infection. serologic testing demonstrated hiv seroconversion. clinicians need to have a high index of suspicio ... | 2002 | 12133260 |
| a double-hand transplant can be worth the effort! | composite-tissue transplantation offers a new therapeutic option for patients with loss of a hand. little is known, however, about the long-term outcome after such a transplant with regard to graft function and immunosuppression and its side effects. we here report on our experience with a double-hand transplant performed more than 18 months ago. | 2002 | 12134104 |
| association of virus load, cd4 cell count, and treatment with clinical progression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with very low cd4 cell counts. | this study prospectively assessed the impact of treatment modality, virus load, and cd4 cell count of <50 cells/mm(3) on human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. the incidence rate of new aids disease or death was 54.8 (95% confidence interval, 48.7-59.9) per 100 person-years of follow-up. independent predictors related to progression were latest cd4 cell count (relative risk [rr], 0.84/10 mm(3) higher; p<.0001), latest hemoglobin level (rr, 0.79/g/l higher; p<.0001), pneumocystis carin ... | 2002 | 12134254 |
| aids related opportunistic infections, going but not gone. | it is now more than two decades since the aids epidemic began with a cluster of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a community of homosexual men. since then, many other infections have been characterized as opportunistic infections secondary to hiv infection. these include, but are not limited to, infections with toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus (cmv), mycobacterium avium complex (mac), and cryptococcus neoformans. over the last two decades, there have been dramatic improvements in diagno ... | 2002 | 12135090 |
| fine analysis of the pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii genome by two-dimensional pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | pneumocystis carinii is a general designation for a group of unusual unicellular fungal parasites responsible of pneumopathy in animal hosts. divided into several subgroups termed the 'special forms', p. carinii is prone to an extensive karyotype variation. in previous studies, the nuclear genome of these organisms has been considered to be haploid and a set of 16 chromosomes has been assigned to p. carinii f. sp. carinii, a special form known to infect rats. we report the analysis of the genome ... | 2002 | 12137946 |
| the relationship of preventable opportunistic infections, hiv-1 rna, and cd4 cell counts to chronic mortality. | both hiv-1 rna and absolute cd4 cell counts have been identified as important predictors of hiv-1 disease progression and mortality. the independent impact of opportunistic infections on the risk of chronic mortality, defined as death beyond 30 days of an opportunistic infection, has not been studied when controlling for hiv-1 rna. our objective was to determine the relationship between a history of any of five preventable opportunistic infections (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, mycobacterium a ... | 2002 | 12138349 |
| nitric oxide metabolites in the urine of full-term and preterm infants. | in newborn full-term and preterm infants the urine nitrites and nitrates (nox) were measured, in order to investigate the effects of different pathological conditions (infection, hypoxia) on systemic nitric oxide production. | 2002 | 12139559 |
| immune reconstitution pneumonitis following pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected subjects. | an hiv-infected man presented with a pneumonic illness following an episode of treated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). he had a rise in his cd4 count from 4 to 125 cells/microl on antiretroviral therapy prior to the onset of the second respiratory event. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) revealed no pathogen, although a cd4 lymphocytosis in addition to a highly unusual population of rapidly proliferating cd8 cells was demonstrated. following 2 weeks of steroid and anti-pneumocystis therapy, a r ... | 2002 | 12139660 |
| the development of cytomegalovirus-induced adrenal failure in a patient with aids while receiving corticosteroid therapy. | we report a case of addisonian crisis due to cytomegalovirus (cmv) adrenalitis occurring in a patient with aids while receiving supraphysiological doses of steroids for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the case highlights the importance of considering the diagnosis of adrenal failure in aids, even in patients receiving supraphysiological doses of steroids. | 2002 | 12139661 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with diamond-blackfan anemia receiving high-dose corticosteroids. | the authors describe three infants with diamond-blackfan anemia receiving corticosteroids who were diagnosed with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. two patients exhibited intermittent neutropenia as well. each child had been receiving relatively high doses of corticosteroids for at least 2 months, and two were having prednisone tapered when pneumonia developed. one child responded to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine, but the other two patients died. infants with diamond-blackfan anemi ... | 2002 | 12142794 |
| immune reconstitution syndrome after successful treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a man with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | we describe a 34-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus infection who received successful treatment of minimally symptomatic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and who subsequently developed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxia 2 weeks after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. initial pathologic evaluation of lung-tissue samples revealed no organisms, but a polymerase chain reaction assay was strongly positive for p. carinii dna. we hypothesize that this patient's clinical ... | 2002 | 12145736 |
| absence of mutations associated with sulfa resistance in pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene from non-human primates. | the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene from pneumocystis carinii isolated from non-human primates was amplified using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequenced to analyse point mutations associated with sulfa resistance. p. carinii dhps gene amplification was obtained from eight lung samples from five new world primate species and one old world primate species. none of the animals had been exposed to sulfa drugs and only the wild-type p. carinii dhps sequence at codons 55 and 57 was obse ... | 2002 | 12146763 |
| development of a rapid real-time pcr assay for quantitation of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii. | a method for reliable quantification of pneumocystis carinii in research models of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) that is more convenient and reproducible than microscopic enumeration of organisms would greatly facilitate investigations of this organism. we developed a rapid quantitative touchdown (qtd) pcr assay for detecting p. carinii f. sp. carinii, the subspecies of p. carinii commonly used in research models of pcp. the assay was based on the single-copy dihydrofolate reductase gene and was ab ... | 2002 | 12149363 |
| defining the potential impact of conjugate bacterial polysaccharide-protein vaccines in reducing the burden of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected and -uninfected children. | the evaluation of bacterial conjugate vaccines in preventing pneumonia requires the definition of suitable outcome measures against which their use can be evaluated. one such possible outcome measure is alveolar consolidation confirmed by chest radiograph (cxr). | 2002 | 12150175 |
| intensive care of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | highly active antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has produced significant declines in morbidity and mortality from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). whether this therapy has resulted in changes in epidemiology and outcomes of intensive care among hiv-infected patients is unknown. we performed chart review of all intensive care unit admissions for hiv-infected patients at san francisco general hospital from 1996 through 1999. there were an average of ... | 2002 | 12153955 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following a second infusion of infliximab. | 2002 | 12154220 | |
| serum ldh level as a clue to the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) level could be used as an adjunct clinical marker to differentiate between histoplasmosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). in a retrospective, case-controlled study, 30 patients with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis (all but 1 with disseminated disease) were compared with 120 patients with pcp (33 patients with definitive pcp, 87 with presumed pcp). groups were matched for cd4+ lymphocyte counts, sex, and ... | 2002 | 12161854 |
| opportunistic infections associated with hiv infection in africa. | hiv-associated infections in sub-saharan africa differ markedly in their incidence from those in industrialized countries. tuberculosis is the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality. enteric pathogens such as microsporidiosis commonly cause disease as access to safe water is limited. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which is the commonest opportunistic infection in industrialized countries, is uncommon in adults with hiv infection. this remains unexplained because p. carinii pneumonia is comm ... | 2002 | 12164665 |
| analysis of underlying diseases and prognosis factors associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised hiv-negative patients. | the aim of this retrospective study was to determine the underlying diseases associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in immunocompromised hiv-negative patients and to identify prognosis factors in this population. one hundred three cases of pcp were diagnosed over a 5-year period. diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical features and by detection of pneumocystis carinii cysts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. underlying diseases comprised hematologic malignancies (n=60; 58% ... | 2002 | 12172743 |
| urokinase is required for the formation of mactinin, an alpha-actinin fragment that promotes monocyte/macrophage maturation. | we have previously shown that lysates from hl-60 myeloid leukemia cells or from peripheral blood monocytes are able to degrade alpha-actinin to form a 31-kda amino-terminal fragment with monocyte/macrophage maturation promoting activity. in contrast, intact alpha-actinin, which is a 100-kda actin-binding protein, has no differentiating activity. the aim of this study was to investigate the enzyme responsible for the degradation of alpha-actinin to form this fragment, named mactinin. the ability ... | 2002 | 12183060 |
| development of a yeast assay for rapid screening of inhibitors of human-derived pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | human-derived pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) was expressed in a saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose growth depends on complementation by this enzyme. we utilized a quantitative assay to measure the sensitivity of this yeast strain to dhfr inhibitors. this assay should be useful for identifying new inhibitors of human-derived p. carinii dhfr. | 2002 | 12183283 |
| increased host resistance against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in gammadelta t-cell-deficient mice: protective role of gamma interferon and cd8(+) t cells. | although a clear relationship between alphabeta t-cell receptor-positive (alphabeta-tcr(+)) cd4(+) t cells and susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii infection exists, the role of other t-cell subsets is less clearly defined. previous studies have shown that gammadelta-tcr(+) t cells infiltrate into the lung during p. carinii pneumonia. therefore, the present study examined the role of gammadelta-tcr(+) t cells in host defense against p. carinii pneumonia. c57bl/6 (control) and b6.129p2-tcrd(tm1 ... | 2002 | 12183572 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: role of high resolution computed tomography. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) is a common opportunistic infection in renal transplant recipients and requires an early diagnosis for its successful treatment. for its definitive diagnosis pc needs to be demonstrated in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid. at times bal may not be possible or get delayed. in such conditions typical appearances seen on high resolution ct of the chest help in early diagnosis of pc pneumonia (pcp). this easily performed procedure helped in early diagnosis of pcp in two pa ... | 2002 | 12186137 |
| safe interruption of maintenance therapy against previous infection with four common hiv-associated opportunistic pathogens during potent antiretroviral therapy. | the safety of interrupting maintenance therapy for previous opportunistic infections other than pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among patients with hiv infection who respond to potent antiretroviral therapy has not been well documented. | 2002 | 12186514 |
| elevation of serum kl-6 levels in patients with hematological malignancies associated with cytomegalovirus or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the level of serum kl-6 antigen has been reported to be a sensitive indicator of various interstitial pneumonitis, but in patients with hematological malignancies who were accompanied by infective interstitial pneumonitis like pneumocystis carinii or cytomegalovirus (cmv) pneumonia, it is still unknown whether serum kl-6 level is useful as a good marker for the diagnosis or disease activity. in this study, the serum levels of kl-6 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sicam-1) were eval ... | 2002 | 12186700 |
| [community-acquired pneumonia--from medical technologist]. | the main causative microorganisms of community-acquired pneumonia are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and staphylococcus aureus. especially the causative microorganisms affecting whole body basic disease, persons of advanced age, and alcoholic patients are moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida spp., cryptococcus spp., aspergillus spp., pneumocystis carinii and anaerobic bacteria. other microorganisms involved in epidemic disease, action c ... | 2002 | 12187704 |
| comparison of methods for identification of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in one of the most common life-threatening opportunistic infections in patients with aids. the definitive diagnosis of this infection can be established only by demonstration of the organism in clinical specimens. this study was a comparison of methods that provide easy recognition of the organism which is readily available, simple and can be performed rapidly in laboratory-diagnosis. bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained from 35 aids patients suspected of havin ... | 2002 | 12188444 |
| clinical features of hiv disease in developing countries. | hiv disease progresses from an asymptomatic period of variable duration, through mild symptoms, to severe disease characteristic of cellular immunodeficiency. the rate of progression from infection to severe disease is probably similar world-wide. however, individuals in developing countries have more symptomatic disease, in keeping with the high incidence of morbidity in the general population, and poor survival with advanced disease. the clinical manifestations of severe hiv-related immunosupp ... | 2002 | 12192976 |
| a new name (pneumocystis jiroveci) for pneumocystis from humans. | the disease known as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a major cause of illness and death in persons with impaired immune systems. while the genus pneumocystis has been known to science for nearly a century, understanding of its members remained rudimentary until dna analysis showed its extensive diversity. pneumocystis organisms from different host species have very different dna sequences, indicating multiple species. in recognition of its genetic and functional distinctness, the organis ... | 2002 | 12194762 |
| serologic responses to epitopes of the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis jiroveci differ in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected persons. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis jiroveci (p. jiroveci) is important in the immunopathogenesis of pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp), but is difficult to study in humans. we generated 3 overlapping recombinant msg fragments (msga, msgb and msgc), and analyzed their reactivity with serum samples from 95 healthy blood donors and 94 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. reactivity to the msg fragments varied with hiv infection and prior episodes of pcp but not with geog ... | 2002 | 12195351 |
| analysis of quinazoline and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine n9-c10 reversed-bridge antifolates in complex with nadp+ and pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | structural studies of two ternary complexes of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (pcdhfr) with the cofactor nadp(+) and potent antifolates, the n9-c10 reversed-bridge inhibitor 2,4-diamino-6-[n-(2',5'-dimethoxybenzyl)-n-methylamino]quinazoline (1) and its 3',5'-dimethoxypyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine analog (2), were carried out. data for the monoclinic crystals were refined to 1.90 a resolution for the complex with (1) (r = 0.178) and to 2.1 a resolution for the complex with (2) (r = 0.193) ... | 2002 | 12198294 |
| [prognostic factors of mortality during the episode of pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii in patients with hiv infection]. | despite a steady decrease in its incidence, pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii (pcp) are still diagnosed, and they occur frequently in patients unaware of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). since it is a disease with a high mortality risk, its early diagnosis and therapy would allow these patients to benefit from the advantages afforded pneumocystis carinii, neumonía, infecciones oportunistas relacionadas con el sida, pronóstico.by anti-retroviral therapy. | 2002 | 12199990 |
| the spectrum of hiv-related disease in rural central thailand. | to determine the spectrum of hiv-related illnesses presenting to a rural primary and secondary healthcare facility in central thailand, a cross-sectional study was conducted. routinely collected data were extracted from outpatient medical notes for all adult hiv-infected new attenders of the manorom christian hospital infectious disease clinic. data concerning inpatient admissions of hiv-infected individuals were collected from ward admission books and discharge summaries. complete data were ava ... | 2002 | 12757233 |
| the association of serum lactate dehydrogenase level with selected opportunistic infections and hiv progression. | the purpose of this study was to determine the association of serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) levels with certain opportunistic infection and to determine an association between ldh levels and cd4+ lymphocyte counts. | 2002 | 12718831 |
| results of first salvage therapy for patients refractory to a fludarabine regimen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | resistance to purine analogs is emerging as a major problem in the management of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). most of these patients have already been exposed to and have become refractory to alkylating agents. to define the natural history of fludarabine (fludara) refractory patients with cll, we reviewed the response to first salvage therapy of 147 patients who were refractory to fludara or had a remission less than six months in duration after a fludara-containing regimen ... | 2002 | 12685828 |
| subcellular localization of oxidosqualene cyclases from arabidopsis thaliana, trypanosoma cruzi, and pneumocystis carinii expressed in yeast. | cycloartenol synthase from arabidopsis thaliana and lanosterol synthase from trypanosoma cruzi and pneumocystis carinii were expressed in yeast, and their subcellular distribution in the expressing cells was compared. determination of enzymatic (oxidosqualene cyclase, osc) activity and sds-page analysis of subcellular fractions proved that enzymes from t. cruzi and a. thaliana have high affinity for lipid particles, a subcellular compartment rich in triacylglycerols, and steryl esters, harboring ... | 2002 | 12617471 |
| evidence for multiple sterol methyl transferase pathways in pneumocystis carinii. | the sterol composition of pneumocystis carinii, an opportunistic pathogen responsible for life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, was determined. our purpose was to identify pathway-specific enzymes to impair using sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. prior to this study, cholesterol 15 (ca. 80% of total sterols), lanosterol 1, and several phytosterols common to plants (sitosterol 31, 24alpha-ethyl and campesterol, 24alpha-methyl 30) were demonstrated in the fungus. in this investig ... | 2002 | 12617472 |
| [preliminary observation on pneumocystis carinii infection in lung cancer patients]. | 2002 | 12567983 | |
| [susceptibility and immune responses to pneumocystis carinii infection in different strains of mice by contagious transmission]. | to explore the susceptibility of different strains of mice to p. carinii infection and the host immune response to the organism. | 2002 | 12568024 |
| [one case of pneumocystis carinii infection after renal transplantation]. | 2002 | 12568025 | |
| [a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during treatment for miliary tuberculosis]. | a 30-year old man of myanmar origin was admitted to our hospital because of productive cough, anorexia, weight loss and fever. sputum smear was strongly positive for m. tuberculosis (gaffky 6) and sputum culture proved m. tuberculosis. caseous necrosis with langhans giant cells was observed in the biopsied specimens of the liver and bone marrow. he was diagnosed as miliary tuberculosis. treatment with combined use of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin was started. after one month ... | 2002 | 12607338 |
| [aids in tunisian women. study of 92 cases]. | the authors report a retrospective study about 92 cases of hiv-1 infections among adult tunisian women hospitalised or consulting in the department of infectious diseases at rabta hospital over a period of 15 years and 6 months. the middle age is 33.2 years. 64.1% of patients are married, and the conjoint is hiv-1 positive in 84.1% of cases. the route of transmission is sexual in 75%, parenteral in 22.8% and unknown in 2.2%. according to cd4 level and clinical symptoms, patients are at aids stag ... | 2002 | 12611350 |
| regional and temporal changes in aids in europe before haart. | in a prospective observational study 4,485 patients from 46 clinical centres in 17 european countries were followed between april 1994 and november 1996. information on aids-defining events (ades) were collected together with basic demographic data, treatment history and laboratory results. the centres were divided into four geographical regions (north, central, south-west and south-east) so that it was possible to identify any existing regional differences in ades. the regional differences that ... | 2002 | 12558340 |
| epidemiology and outcome of clostridium difficile infection and diarrhea in hiv infected inpatients. | clostridium difficile causes diarrhea in hiv infected patients but reports of prevalence, risk factors, and outcome vary. we studied the impact of c. difficile in 161 hiv infected inpatients admitted to cook county hospital. patients with c. difficile had more hospital admissions in the previous 6 months (p =.04), spent more days in the hospital in the previous 3 months (p =.02), more often had previously received h2 blockers or treatment for pneumocystis carinii (p <.05), and had a more frequen ... | 2002 | 12543536 |
| follicular bronchiolitis (fbb) associated with legionella pneumophilia infection. | an 8-month-old girl with respiratory distress and stridor was admitted to the authors' hospital. two days later, she died of respiratory insufficiency due to pneumonia. autopsy confirmed the presence of follicular bronchiolitis (fbb) in both lungs. after considering her clinical course, the authors focused on three pathogens: legionella pneumophilia, pneumocystis carinii, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. only legionella pneumophilia was detected by both immunohistochemistry and pcr. | 2002 | 12537768 |
| pneumonia due to candida krusei. | a case of post-transplantation pneumonia due to candida krusei is reported. a 42-year-old man was admitted 28 days after heart transplantation with cough, pleuritic pain and fever. a chest computed tomograph showed multiple alveolar infiltrates bilaterally. he received broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluconazole for oral candidiasis, and cotrimoxazole for possible pneumocystis carinii. a short-lived period of improvement was followed by respiratory failure. cultures of bronchial washings grew c. kru ... | 2002 | 12519355 |
| [hiv screening in pregnancy--too many failures?]. | danish official guidelines recommend that women belonging to risk groups should be offered hiv testing during pregnancy. universal hiv testing during antenatal care is not required. we describe three infants with vertically acquired hiv infection born to mothers, who, despite belonging to high-risk groups (one from thailand, two from sub-saharan africa), had not been offered an hiv test during pregnancy. the infants, born within a one-year period, presented with aids-defining symptoms during the ... | 2002 | 12523030 |
| the first isolation of nocardia nova from an hiv-1 infected individual in japan. | nocardia species are opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised patients. we report a case of nocardia nova infection complicating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in an hiv-1 infected individual. a 27-year-old man with hemophilia a was admitted on october 17, 2000, with fever and dyspnea. cd4 cell counts were 5/microl on admission. prophylaxis against pcp was administered by inhalation of pentamidine isethionate because he was allergic to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (smz-tmp). he was di ... | 2002 | 12525899 |
| [a case in which progressive emphysematous changes were seen on chest computed tomography associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids]. | a 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of progressive dyspnea. on admission, he had marked hypoxemia, and his chest radiography and computed tomography (ct) showed ground glass opacities and multiple emphysematous changes in both lung fields. on examining the patient's bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was diagnosed. a serological test for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1, 2 was positive, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids ... | 2002 | 12642913 |
| [a htlv-i carrier initially treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | a 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of dyspnea on effort chest radiography and ct revealed bilateral interstitial infiltration. transbronchial lung biopsy specimens revealed organisms of pneumocystis carinii. sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim improved the patient's radiograph and ct, and although a positive reaction was obtained for anti-htlv-i antibody, the hematological findings and clinical symptoms did not suggest that she had an atl. since discharge, she has been re ... | 2002 | 12642915 |
| treatment of toxoplasma brain abscess with clindamycin and sulfadiazine in an aids patient with concurrent atypical pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | toxoplasmosis is the most common opportunistic infection of the central nervous system in patients with aids. the standard treatment for toxoplasmic encephalitis is pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. there have been few reports of concurrent toxoplasma brain abscess and cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in taiwan. we report the case of a 26-year-old homosexual man with coexisting infection with toxoplasma gondii and p. carinii who was successfully treated for brain abscess with clindamy ... | 2002 | 12645193 |
| early-onset pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating norwood ii operation in a 3-month-old patient. | 2002 | 12583383 | |
| prospective study of etiologic agents of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with hiv infection. | to study prospectively hiv-positive patients admitted to the hospital because of pneumonia by extensive laboratory tests to determine specific microbiologic diagnoses and to establish the best clinical diagnosis after review of all available data by expert clinicians. | 2002 | 11741166 |
| the high burden of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in african hiv-1-infected children hospitalized for severe pneumonia. | to evaluate the burden of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and the usefulness of induced sputum and nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) in diagnosing pcp in african children in whom the use of bronchoalveolar lavage is unavailable. | 2002 | 11741168 |
| inhibition of pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and mycobacterium avium dihydrofolate reductases by 2,4-diamino-5-[2-methoxy-5-(omega-carboxyalkyloxy)benzyl]pyrimidines: marked improvement in potency relative to trimethoprim and species selectivity relative to piritrexim. | a series of previously undescribed 2,4-diamino-5-[2-methoxy-5-alkoxybenzyl]pyrimidines (3a-e) and 2,4-diamino-5-[2-methoxy-5-(omega-carboxyalkyloxy)benzyl]pyrimidines (3f-k) with up to eight ch2 groups in the alkoxy or omega-carboxyalkyloxy side chain were synthesized and tested for the ability to inhibit partially purified dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from pneumocystis carinii (pc), toxoplasma gondii (tg), mycobacterium avium (ma), and rat liver in comparison with two standard inhibitors, tri ... | 2002 | 11754594 |
| co-existence between oral lesions and opportunistic systemic diseases among hiv-infected subjects in thailand. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether any relationship exists between the occurrence of oral lesions and opportunistic systemic diseases among hiv-infected subjects. | 2002 | 11903823 |
| conservative versus immunosuppressive treatment of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. | treatment of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (mgn) is a controversial issue. whereas some authors recommend early immunosuppressive treatment of all patients with nephrotic syndrome, others do not support aggressive therapies, based on the spontaneous long-term favorable outcome of most patients. however, 20 to 50% of untreated patients develop progressive renal insufficiency. | 2002 | 11786104 |
| use of terbinafine in mouse and rat models of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | terbinafine, an allylamine used to treat onychomycosis, has been reported to be active against rat pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo. by contrast, our in vitro data showed that the 50% inhibitory concentration of terbinafine against rat p. carinii is 3.7 microg/ml, a level that cannot be clinically achieved in serum. in the present study, terbinafine administered orally at doses of 20 to 400 mg/kg/day and 50 to 250 mg/kg/day was ineffective therapy for mouse and rat models of pneumocysto ... | 2002 | 11796365 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as a fever of unknown origin in a patient without aids. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains an opportunistic infection that causes substantial morbidity and mortality in patients who have impaired immune function. pcp in patients who do not have aids usually manifests in a more fulminant manner than in patients with aids. in recent years, pcp has been reported increasingly in patients with connective tissue disorders. the role of corticosteroids in inducing pcp is well established in humans and animals, though information is currently lackin ... | 2002 | 11805750 |
| autopsy findings in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected population over 2 decades: influences of gender, ethnicity, risk factors, and time. | to examine autopsy pathology in an urban population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and to determine if age at death and disease frequencies are associated with gender, hiv risk factors, ethnicity, and therapeutic era. | 2002 | 11825115 |
| update on the epidemiology and transmission of pneumocystis carinii. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, many questions about its epidemiology and transmission remain unanswered. whereas traditional theory postulates that the disease results from reactivation of latent infection, recent data suggest that active acquisition of infection, either through environmental exposure or person-to-person transmission, may occur. this review summarizes the ... | 2002 | 11825780 |