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interruption of magnesium supply at heading influenced proteome of peripheral layers and reduced grain dry weight of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes.magnesium (mg), an indispensable mineral for plant growth, is concentrated in the peripheral layers (pls) of the mature grain of wheat. the supply of mg was interrupted from plant heading to maturity and a proteomic approach was used to investigate the pls at three stages of development. two genotypes with contrasting concentrations of mg in the grain were studied: apache (low mg) and mghl (high mg). the concentration of mg was significantly reduced in the roots (10-21%), straw (18-50%) and grai ...201627020883
compositional analysis of biomass reference materials: results from an interlaboratory study.biomass compositional methods are used to compare different lignocellulosic feedstocks, to measure component balances around unit operations and to determine process yields and therefore the economic viability of biomass-to-biofuel processes. four biomass reference materials (rms nist 8491-8494) were prepared and characterized, via an interlaboratory comparison exercise in the early 1990s to evaluate biomass summative compositional methods, analysts, and laboratories. having common, uniform, and ...201627019676
quantitative trait loci associated with phenological development, low-temperature tolerance, grain quality, and agronomic characters in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).plants must respond to environmental cues and schedule their development in order to react to periods of abiotic stress and commit fully to growth and reproduction under favorable conditions. this study was initiated to identify snp markers for characters expressed from the seedling stage to plant maturity in spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes adapted to western canada. three doubled haploid populations with the winter cultivar 'norstar' as a common parent were developed an ...201627019468
wheat stem reserves and salinity tolerance: molecular dissection of fructan biosynthesis and remobilization to grains.fructan accumulation and remobilization to grains under salinity can decrease dependency of the wheat tolerant cultivar on current photosynthesis and protect it from severe yield loss under salt stress. tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses can be enhanced by accumulation of soluble sugars, such as fructan. the current research sheds light on the role of stem fructan remobilization on yield of bread wheat under salt stress conditions. fructan accumulation and remobilization as well as relative ...201627016249
the 160 bp insertion in the promoter of rht-b1i plays a vital role in increasing wheat height.the extensive use of two alleles (rht-b1b and rht-d1b) at the rht-1 locus in wheat allowed dramatic increases in yields, triggering the so-called "green revolution." here, we found that a new natural allelic variation (rht-b1i) containing a single missense snp (a614g) in the coding region significantly increased plant height against the genetic background of both rht-d1a (11.68%) and rht-d1b (7.89%). to elucidate the molecular mechanism of rht-b1i, we investigated the promoter region. sequence a ...201627014327
identification of quantitative trait loci and water environmental interactions for developmental behaviors of leaf greenness in wheat.the maintenance of leaf greenness in wheat, highly responsible for yield potential and resistance to drought stress, has been proved to be quantitatively inherited and susceptible to interact with environments by traditional genetic analysis. in order to further dissect the developmental genetic behaviors of flag leaf greenness under terminal drought, unconditional and conditional qtl mapping strategies were performed with a mixed linear model in 120 f8-derived recombinant inbred lines (rils) fr ...201627014298
functional abilities of cultivable plant growth promoting bacteria associated with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) crops.in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture, bioinoculants usage as providers of a crop's needs is a method to limit environmental damage. in this study, a collection of cultivable putative plant growth promoting (pgp) bacteria associated with wheat crops was obtained and this bacterial sample was characterized in relation to the functional diversity of certain pgp features. the isolates were obtained through classical cultivation methods, identified by partial 16s rrna gene sequencing and charact ...201627007904
high resolution mapping of traits related to whole-plant transpiration under increasing evaporative demand in wheat.atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (vpd) is a key component of drought and has a strong influence on yields. whole-plant transpiration rate (tr) response to increasing vpd has been linked to drought tolerance in wheat, but because of its challenging phenotyping, its genetic basis remains unexplored. further, the genetic control of other key traits linked to daytime tr such as leaf area, stomata densities and - more recently - nocturnal transpiration remains unknown. considering the presence of w ...201627001921
sister chromatid separation and monopolar spindle organization in the first meiosis as two mechanisms of unreduced gametes formation in wheat-rye hybrids.unreduced gametes. the absence of a strict pachytene checkpoint in plants presents an opportunity to study meiosis in polyhaploid organisms. in the present study, we demonstrate that meiosis is coordinated in hybrids between disomic wheat-rye substitution lines 1rv(1a), 2r(2d), 5r(5d), 6r(6a) and rye (triticum aestivum l. × secale cereale l., 4x = 28, abdr). by using in situ hybridization with a centromere paet6-09 probe and immunostaining with h3ser10ph-, cenh3-, and α-tubulin-specific antibodi ...201626994004
branching shoots and spikes from lateral meristems in bread wheat.wheat grain yield consists of three components: spikes per plant, grains per spike (i.e. head or ear), and grain weight; and the grains per spike can be dissected into two subcomponents: spikelets per spike and grains per spikelet. an increase in any of these components will directly contribute to grain yield. wheat morphology biology tells that a wheat plant has no lateral meristem that forms any branching shoot or spike. in this study, we report two novel shoot and spike traits that were produ ...201626986738
a snp-based molecular barcode for characterization of common wheat.wheat is grown as a staple crop worldwide. it is important to develop an effective genotyping tool for this cereal grain both to identify germplasm diversity and to protect the rights of breeders. single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping provides a means for developing a practical, rapid, inexpensive and high-throughput assay. here, we investigated snps as robust markers of genetic variation for typing wheat cultivars. we identified snps from an array of 9000 across a collection of 429 we ...201626985664
genome-wide identification and characterization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes family in wheat (triticum aestivum).glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) is a central enzyme in glycolysi, we performed genome-wide identification of gapdh genes in wheat and analyzed their structural characteristics and expression patterns under abiotic stress in wheat.201626984398
transcriptome analysis for abnormal spike development of the wheat mutant dms.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) spike development is the foundation for grain yield. we obtained a novel wheat mutant, dms, characterized as dwarf, multi-pistil and sterility. although the genetic changes are not clear, the heredity of traits suggests that a recessive gene locus controls the two traits of multi-pistil and sterility in self-pollinating populations of the medium plants (m), such that the dwarf genotype (d) and tall genotype (t) in the progeny of the mutant are ideal lines for studies ...201626982202
localization and spectroscopic analysis of the cu(i) binding site in wheat metallothionein ec-1.the early cysteine-labeled metallothionein (mt) from triticum aestivum (common wheat), denoted ec-1, features two structurally well-defined domains, γ and βe, coordinating two and four zn(ii) ions, respectively. while the protein is currently assumed to function mainly in zinc homeostasis, a low amount of copper ions was also recently detected in a native ec-1 sample. to evaluate the observed copper binding in more detail, the recombinant zn₆ec-1 form was exposed to different amounts of cu(i) io ...201626978358
farming system context drives the value of deep wheat roots in semi-arid environments.the capture of subsoil water by wheat roots can make a valuable contribution to grain yield on deep soils. more extensive root systems can capture more water, but leave the soil in a drier state, potentially limiting water availability to subsequent crops. to evaluate the importance of these legacy effects, a long-term simulation analysis at eight sites in the semi-arid environment of australia compared the yield of standard wheat cultivars with cultivars that were (i) modified to have root syst ...201626976814
highly sprouting-tolerant wheat grain exhibits extreme dormancy and cold imbibition-resistant accumulation of abscisic acid.pre-harvest sprouting (phs) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains induces hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-amylase, which considerably decreases wheat product quality. phs occurs when cool and wet weather conditions before harvest break dormancy and induce grain germination. in this study, we used phs-tolerant varieties, gifu-komugi (gifu) and os38, to characterize the mechanisms of both dormancy breakage and dormancy maintenance at low temperatures. physiologically mature gifu grains exhibited do ...201626971301
distinct metabolic changes between wheat embryo and endosperm during grain development revealed by 2d-dige-based integrative proteome analysis.two chinese bread wheat cultivars, jinghua 9 and zhongmai 175, distinct in grain weight and dough quality, were used to study proteome changes in the embryo and endosperm during grain development using a two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige)-based proteomics approach. in total, 138 and 127 differentially expressed protein (dep) spots representing 116 and 113 unique deps were identified in the embryo and endosperm, respectively. among them, 54 (31%) deps were commonly present i ...201626968330
characterization of wheat - psathyrostachys huashanica small segment translocation line with enhanced kernels per spike and stripe rust resistance.psathyrostachys huashanica keng (2n = 2x = 14, nsns), a distant wild relative of common wheat, possesses rich potentially valuable traits, such as disease resistance and more spikelets and kernels per spike, that could be useful for wheat genetic improvement. development of wheat - p. huashanica translocation lines will facilitate its practical utilization in wheat breeding. in the present study, a wheat - p. huashanica small segmental translocation line, k-13-835-3, was isolated and characteriz ...201626961208
effects of nitrogen application rate on the yields, nutritive value and silage fermentation quality of whole-crop wheat.whole-crop wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as forage has been extensively used in the world. in this study, the effects of n application rates on the yields, nutritive value and silage quality were investigated. the n application rates were 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg/ha. the research results indicated that the dry matter yield of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing n rate up to 150 kg/ha, and then leveled off. the crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility of ...201626954126
a causal gene for seed dormancy on wheat chromosome 4a encodes a map kinase kinase.seed germination under the appropriate environmental conditions is important both for plant species survival and for successful agriculture. seed dormancy, which controls germination time, is one of the adaptation mechanisms and domestication traits [1]. seed dormancy is generally defined as the absence of germination of a viable seed under conditions that are favorable for germination [2]. the seed dormancy of cultivated plants has generally been reduced during domestication [3]. bread wheat (t ...201626948878
degradation of bifenthrin and pirimiphos-methyl residues in stored wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.) by ozonation.pesticide insecticides are used on wheat grains in storage units but their efficiency is hindered by persistent residues in the grains. therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone (o3) gas treatment on the degradation of residual bifenthrin and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides commonly used in storage wheat grains, as well as to evaluate degradation of their by-products. the residues of bifenthrin decreased after 180 min of exposure in a concentration of 60 μmol/mol (a 37.5 ± ...201626948611
a whole-genome, radiation hybrid mapping resource of hexaploid wheat.generating a contiguous, ordered reference sequence of a complex genome such as hexaploid wheat (2n = 6x = 42; approximately 17 gb) is a challenging task due to its large, highly repetitive, and allopolyploid genome. in wheat, ordering of whole-genome or hierarchical shotgun sequencing contigs is primarily based on recombination and comparative genomics-based approaches. however, comparative genomics approaches are limited to syntenic inference and recombination is suppressed within the pericent ...201626945524
allelic variations of α-gliadin genes from species of aegilops section sitopsis and insights into evolution of α-gliadin multigene family among triticum and aegilops.the α-gliadins account for 15-30 % of the total storage protein in wheat endosperm and play important roles in the dough extensibility and nutritional quality. on the other side, they act as a main source of toxic peptides triggering celiac disease. in this study, 37 α-gliadins were isolated from three species of aegilops section sitopsis. sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses revealed novel allelic variation at gli-2 loci of species of sitopsis and regular organization of motifs in thei ...201626940567
impact of organic and mineral inputs onto soil biological and metabolic activities under a long-term rice-wheat cropping system in sub-tropical indian inceptisols.long-term use of organic and mineral inputs has an overriding impact on soil biological and metabolic activities and crop management. farm yard manure (fym), paddy straw (ps) and green manure (gm, sesbania sesban l.) were used for 24- years old rice (oyza sativa l.) -wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cropping system in sub-tropical india to predict whether the screened soil biological and metabolic activities are correlated with system yield. the integrated approaches viz., npk + fym, npk + ps and np ...201626930864
elevated atmospheric [co2 ] can dramatically increase wheat yields in semi-arid environments and buffer against heat waves.wheat production will be impacted by increasing concentration of atmospheric co2 [co2 ], which is expected to rise from about 400 μmol mol(-1) in 2015 to 550 μmol mol(-1) by 2050. changes to plant physiology and crop responses from elevated [co2 ] (e[co2 ]) are well documented for some environments, but field-level responses in dryland mediterranean environments with terminal drought and heat waves are scarce. the australian grains free air co2 enrichment facility was established to compare whea ...201626929390
pure anatase and rutile + anatase nanoparticles differently affect wheat seedlings.tio2-nanoparticles (tio2-nps) are increasingly released to the environment. the present work investigates the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and uptake of tio2-nps in triticum aestivum. wheat seeds were exposed to 5-150 mg l(-1) of anatase (ana) or rutile + anatase (rut + ana) tio2-nps for 5 d. after exposure, germination and growth rates were determined. cytotoxic effects were evaluated by changes in the cell cycle dynamics and in the membrane integrity. genotoxicity was assessed by ploidy mutation ...201626928332
effect of sulfated chitooligosaccharides on wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) under salt stress.in this study, sulfated chitooligosaccharide (scos) was applied to wheat seedlings to investigate its effect on the plants' defense response under salt stress. the antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll contents, and fluorescence characters of wheat seedlings were determined at a certain time. the results showed that treatment with exogenous scos could decrease the content of malondialdehyde, increase the chlorophyll contents, and modulate fluorescence characters in wheat seedlings under sal ...201626927620
the assessment of soil availability and wheat grain status of zinc and iron in serbia: implications for human nutrition.the deficiency of zinc (zn) and iron (fe) is a global issue causing not only considerable yield losses of food crops but also serious health problems. we have analysed zn and fe concentrations in the grains of two bread wheat cultivars along native gradient of micronutrient availability throughout serbia. although only 13% of the soil samples were zn deficient and none was fe deficient, the levels of these micronutrients in grain were rather low (median values of 21 mg kg(-1) for zn and 36 mg kg ...201626925726
treatment of common effluent treatment plant wastewater in a sequential anoxic-oxic batch reactor by developed bacterial consortium vn11.a laboratory-scale anoxic-oxic sequential reactor system was seeded with acclimatized mixed microbial consortium for the treatment of common effluent treatment plant (cetp) wastewater having 7000-7400 mg l(-1) of cod and 3000-3400 mg l(-1) of bod. initially, cetp wastewater was treated under anoxic reactor at 5000 mg l(-1) of mlss concentrations, 5.26 ± 0.27 kg cod m(-3) day(-1) of organic loading rate (olr) and 36 h of hydraulic retention time (hrt). further, the effluent of anoxic reactor was ...201626923717
complete chloroplast genomes of aegilops tauschii coss. and ae. cylindrica host sheds light on plasmon d evolution.hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l., genomes aabbdd) originated in south caucasus by allopolyploidization of the cultivated emmer wheat t. dicoccum (genomes aabb) with the caucasian ae. tauschii ssp strangulata (genomes dd). genetic variation of ae. tauschii is an important natural resource, that is why it is of particular importance to investigate how this variation was formed during ae. tauschii evolutionary history and how it is presented through the species area. the d genome is also found ...201626923563
physical mapping of agropyron cristatum chromosome 6p using deletion lines in common wheat background.genetically stable deletion lines of agropyron cristatum chromosome 6p in common wheat background were generated, which allowed for physical mapping of 255 6p-specific sts markers and leaf rust resistance gene(s). chromosomal deletion lines are valuable tools for gene discovery and localization. the chromosome 6p of agropyron cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, pppp) confers many desirable agronomic traits to common wheat, such as higher grain number per spike, multiple fertile tiller number, and enhanced ...201626920547
composition, assembly, and trafficking of a wheat xylan synthase complex.xylans play an important role in plant cell wall integrity and have many industrial applications. characterization of xylan synthase (xs) complexes responsible for the synthesis of these polymers is currently lacking. we recently purified xs activity from etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings. to further characterize this purified activity, we analyzed its protein composition and assembly. proteomic analysis identified six main proteins: two glycosyltransferases (gts) tagt43-4 and tagt47 ...201626917684
identification of novel and useful est-ssr markers from de novo transcriptome sequence of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are highly informative, polymorphic, and co-dominant mendelian markers that provide an important genomic resource for genetic research. recently, the use of large-scale transcriptome sequence has become a reliable and efficient approach for the identification and development of new est-ssr markers. in this study, 8389 potential ssrs with a minimum of five repetitions for all motifs were identified from 121,210 unigenes. gene ontology analysis indicated that the uni ...201626909990
cloning and expression analysis of cysteine protease gene (mwcp) in agropyron mongolicum keng.in this study, a cysteine protease gene (mwcp) from agropyron mongolicum keng was isolated using race. sequence analysis indicated that mwcp was 1473 bp, and it contained a 1134-bp open reading frame, which encoded 377 amino acids with a 24-amino acid n-terminal signal peptide. the results indicated that the mwcp protein was a new member of the papain c1a family, and it was predicted to be an extracellular, secretory stable hydrophilic protein. the secondary structure of mwcp was mainly composed ...201626909915
characterization of new allele influencing flowering time in bread wheat introgressed from triticum militinae.flowering time variation was identified within a mapping population of doubled haploid lines developed from a cross between the introgressive line 8.1 and spring bread wheat cv. tähti. the line 8.1 carried introgressions from tetraploid triticum militinae in the cv. tähti genetic background on chromosomes 1a, 2a, 4a, 5a, 7a, 1b and 5b. the most significant qtl for the flowering time variation was identified within the introgressed region on chromosome 5a and its largest effect was associated wit ...201626899284
the grain hardness locus characterized in a diverse wheat panel (triticum aestivum l.) adapted to the central part of the fertile crescent: genetic diversity, haplotype structure, and phylogeny.wheat belongs to the most important crops domesticated in the fertile crescent. in this region, fortunately, locally adapted wheat landraces are still present in farmers' fields. this material might be of immense value for future breeding programs. however, especially wheat germplasm adapted to the central part of the fertile crescent has been poorly characterized for allelic variation at key loci of agricultural importance. grain hardness is an important trait influencing milling and baking qua ...201626898967
proteomic analysis of plasma membrane proteins in wheat roots exposed to phenanthrene.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are potentially carcinogenic and toxic to humans through ingestion of contaminated food crops. pahs can enter crop roots through proton/pah symporters; however, to date, the symporter remains unclear. here we reveal, for the first time, the plasma membrane proteome of triticum aestivum seedling roots in response to phenanthrene (a model pah) exposure. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) coupled with maldi-tof/tof-ms and protein database search engin ...201626897580
expression partitioning of homeologs and tandem duplications contribute to salt tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).salt stress dramatically reduces crop yield and quality, but the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance remain largely unknown. to explore the wheat transcriptional response to salt stress, we performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of 10-day old wheat roots under normal condition and 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after salt stress (hass) in both a salt-tolerant cultivar and salt-sensitive cultivar. the results demonstrated global gene expression reprogramming with 36,804 genes that were ...201626892368
wheat allergy: diagnosis and management.triticum aestivum (bread wheat) is the most widely grown crop worldwide. in genetically predisposed individuals, wheat can cause specific immune responses. a food allergy to wheat is characterized by t helper type 2 activation which can result in immunoglobulin e (ige) and non-ige mediated reactions. ige mediated reactions are immediate, are characterized by the presence of wheat-specific ige antibodies, and can be life-threatening. non-ige mediated reactions are characterized by chronic eosinop ...201626889090
bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain protein concentration is related to early post-flowering nitrate uptake under putative control of plant satiety level.the strong negative correlation between grain protein concentration (gpc) and grain yield (gy) in bread wheat complicates the simultaneous improvement of these traits. however, earlier studies have concluded that the deviation from this relationship (grain protein deviation or gpd) has strong genetic basis. genotypes with positive gpd have an increased ability to uptake nitrogen (n) during the post-flowering period independently of the amount of n taken up before flowering, suggesting that genet ...201626886933
wheat transcription factor taareb3 participates in drought and freezing tolerances in arabidopsis.areb (aba response element binding) proteins in plants play direct regulatory roles in response to multiple stresses, but their functions in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are not clear. in the present study, taareb3, a new member of the areb transcription factor family, was isolated from wheat. sequence analysis showed that the taareb3 protein is composed of three parts, a conserved n-terminal, a variable m region, and a conserved c-terminal with a bzip domain. it belongs to the group a subfamily ...201626884722
transfer of useful variability of high grain iron and zinc from aegilops kotschyi into wheat through seed irradiation approach.to transfer the 2s chromosomal fragment(s) of aegilops kotschyi (2s(k)) into the bread wheat genome which could lead to the biofortification of wheat with high grain iron and zinc content.201626883304
unreduced gamete formation in wheat × aegilops spp. hybrids is genotype specific and prevented by shared homologous subgenomes.the presence of homologous subgenomes inhibited unreduced gamete formation in wheat × aegilops interspecific hybrids. unreduced gamete rates were under the control of the wheat nuclear genome. production of unreduced gametes is common among interspecific hybrids, and may be affected by parental genotypes and genomic similarity. in the present study, five cultivars of triticum aestivum and two tetraploid aegilops species (i.e. ae. triuncialis and ae. cylindrica) were reciprocally crossed to produ ...201626883221
cloning of tasst genes associated with water soluble carbohydrate content in bread wheat stems and development of a functional marker.we cloned tasst genes, developed a gene-specific marker for tasst-d1, and identified three qtl in the doumai/shi 4185 ril population. tasst-d1 is within one of the three qtl. sucrose:sucrose-1-fructosyltransferase (1-sst), a critical enzyme in the fructan biosynthetic pathway, is significantly and positively associated with water soluble carbohydrate (wsc) content in bread wheat stems. in the present study, wheat 1-sst genes (tasst) were isolated and located on chromosomes 4a, 7a and 7d. sequenc ...201626883047
comprehensive identification of lmw-gs genes and their protein products in a common wheat variety.although it is well known that low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) from wheat affect bread and noodle processing quality, the function of specific lmw-gs proteins remains unclear. it is important to find the genes that correspond to individual lmw-gs proteins in order to understand the functions of specific proteins. the objective of this study was to link lmw-gs genes and haplotypes characterized using well known glu-a3, glu-b3, and glu-d3 gene-specific primers to their protein prod ...201626882917
prioritizing quantitative trait loci for root system architecture in tetraploid wheat.optimization of root system architecture (rsa) traits is an important objective for modern wheat breeding. linkage and association mapping for rsa in two recombinant inbred line populations and one association mapping panel of 183 elite durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum desf.) accessions evaluated as seedlings grown on filter paper/polycarbonate screening plates revealed 20 clusters of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for root length and number, as well as 30 qtls for root growth angle ...201626880749
comprehensive profiling of lysine acetylproteome analysis reveals diverse functions of lysine acetylation in common wheat.lysine acetylation of proteins, a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification, plays a critical regulatory role in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. several researches have been carried out on acetylproteome in plants. however, until now, there have been no data on common wheat, the major cereal crop in the world. in this study, we performed a global acetylproteome analysis of common wheat variety (triticum aestivum l.), chinese spring. in total, 416 lysine modification sites were iden ...201626875666
rhizosheaths on wheat grown in acid soils: phosphorus acquisition efficiency and genetic control.rhizosheaths comprise soil bound to roots, and in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) rhizosheath size correlates with root hair length. the aims of this study were to determine the effect that a large rhizosheath has on the phosphorus (p) acquisition by wheat and to investigate the genetic control of rhizosheath size in wheat grown on acid soil.near-isogenic wheat lines differing in rhizosheath size were evaluated on two acid soils. the soils were fertilized with mineral nutrients and included treatme ...201626873980
expvip: a customizable rna-seq data analysis and visualization platform.the majority of transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq) expression studies in plants remain underutilized and inaccessible due to the use of disparate transcriptome references and the lack of skills and resources to analyze and visualize these data. we have developed expvip, an expression visualization and integration platform, which allows easy analysis of rna-seq data combined with an intuitive and interactive interface. users can analyze public and user-specified data sets with minimal bioinformat ...201626869702
development of new pcr-based markers specific for chromosome arms of rye (secale cereale l.).pcr-based rye (secale cereale l.) chromosome-specific markers can contribute to the effective utilization of elite genes of rye in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding programs. in the present study, 578 new pcr-based rye-specific markers have been developed by using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (slaf-seq) technology, and 76 markers displayed different polymorphism among rye kustro, imperial, and king ii. a total of 427 and 387 markers were, respectively, located on individual ...201626862664
the utility of flow sorting to identify chromosomes carrying a single copy transgene in wheat.identification of transgene insertion sites in plant genomes has practical implications for crop breeding and is a stepping stone to analyze transgene function. however, single copy sequences are not always easy to localize in large plant genomes by standard approaches.201627118986
rapid cloning of disease-resistance genes in plants using mutagenesis and sequence capture.wild relatives of domesticated crop species harbor multiple, diverse, disease resistance (r) genes that could be used to engineer sustainable disease control. however, breeding r genes into crop lines often requires long breeding timelines of 5-15 years to break linkage between r genes and deleterious alleles (linkage drag). further, when r genes are bred one at a time into crop lines, the protection that they confer is often overcome within a few seasons by pathogen evolution. if several cloned ...201627111722
de novo centromere formation and centromeric sequence expansion in wheat and its wide hybrids.centromeres typically contain tandem repeat sequences, but centromere function does not necessarily depend on these sequences. we identified functional centromeres with significant quantitative changes in the centromeric retrotransposons of wheat (crw) contents in wheat aneuploids (triticum aestivum) and the offspring of wheat wide hybrids. the crw signals were strongly reduced or essentially lost in some wheat ditelosomic lines and in the addition lines from the wide hybrids. the total loss of ...201627110907
considering causal genes in the genetic dissection of kernel traits in common wheat.genetic factors controlling thousand-kernel weight (tkw) were characterized for their association with other seed traits, including kernel width, kernel length, ratio of kernel width to kernel length (kw/kl), kernel area, and spike number per m2 (sn). for this purpose, a genetic map was established utilizing a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between german winter wheat cultivars pamier and format. association studies in a diversity panel of elite cultivars supplemented genetic an ...201627108336
occurrence and distribution of organophosphorus esters in soils and wheat plants in a plastic waste treatment area in china.this study for the first time reported the occurrence, distribution and concentrations of organophosphate esters (opes) in soils caused by plastic waste treatment, as well as their influence on ope accumulation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). eight opes were detected with the total concentrations of 38-1250 ng/g dry weight in the soils from the treatment sites, and tributoxyethyl phosphate and tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate present as the dominant opes. there were similar distribution patterns of ...201627107259
tabhlh1, a bhlh-type transcription factor gene in wheat, improves plant tolerance to pi and n deprivation via regulation of nutrient transporter gene transcription and ros homeostasis.basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors (tfs) comprise a large tf family and act as crucial regulators in various biological processes in plants. here, we report the functional characterization of tabhlh1, a bhlh tf member in wheat (triticum aestivum). tabhlh1 shares conserved bhlh domain and targets to nucleus with transactivation activity. upon pi and n deprivation, the expression of tabhlh1 was up-regulated in roots and leaves, showing a pattern to be gradually increased within 23 ...201627107183
a qtl on the short arm of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chromosome 3b affects the stability of grain weight in plants exposed to a brief heat shock early in grain filling.molecular markers and knowledge of traits associated with heat tolerance are likely to provide breeders with a more efficient means of selecting wheat varieties able to maintain grain size after heat waves during early grain filling.201627101979
potential implications of climate change on aegilops species distribution: sympatry of these crop wild relatives with the major european crop triticum aestivum and conservation issues.gene flow from crop to wild relatives is a common phenomenon which can lead to reduced adaptation of the wild relatives to natural ecosystems and/or increased adaptation to agrosystems (weediness). with global warming, wild relative distributions will likely change, thus modifying the width and/or location of co-occurrence zones where crop-wild hybridization events could occur (sympatry). this study investigates current and 2050 projected changes in sympatry levels between cultivated wheat and s ...201627100790
effects of enhancing soil organic carbon sequestration in the topsoil by fertilization on crop productivity and stability: evidence from long-term experiments with wheat-maize cropping systems in china.although organic carbon sequestration in agricultural soils has been recommended as a 'win-win strategy' for mitigating climate change and ensuring food security, great uncertainty still remains in identifying the relationships between soil organic carbon (soc) sequestration and crop productivity. using data from 17 long-term experiments in china we determined the effects of fertilization strategies on soc stocks at 0-20cm depth in the north, north east, north west and south. the impacts of chan ...201627100005
proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis reveals the response and defense mechanism in leaves of diploid wheat t. monococcum under salt stress and recovery.salinity is a major abiotic stress factor affecting crops production and productivity. triticum monococcum is closely related to triticum urartu (a(u)a(u)), which is used as a model plant of wheat a genome study. here, salt stress induced dynamic proteome and phosphoproteome profiling was focused. the t. monococcum seedlings were initially treated with different concentrations of nacl ranging from 80 to 320mm for 48h followed by a recovery process for 48h prior to proteomic and phosphoproteomic ...201627095598
abscisic acid metabolic genes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.): identification and insights into their functionality in seed dormancy and dehydration tolerance.the three homeologues of wheat nced2 were identified; the wheat nced2a and cyp707a1b affect seed aba level and dormancy but not leaf aba level and transpirational water loss in arabidopsis. biosynthesis and catabolism of abscisic acid (aba) in plants are primarily regulated by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (nceds) and aba 8'-hydroxylase (aba8'oh), respectively. the present study identified the complete coding sequences of a second nced gene, designated as tanced2, and its homeologues (tance ...201627091738
the inheritance of wheat grain longevity: a comparison between induced and natural ageing.seed longevity is an important trait for both ex situ genebanks and the seed industry. it is partially determined by genetic factors, but is also dependent on the environmental conditions experienced by the mother plant during seed maturation, as well as those imposed during the post-harvest and storage periods. for practical reasons, the variation in longevity has repeatedly been analysed by treating fresh seed to various induced ageing protocols, but the extent to which these procedures mimic ...201627085344
a disulphide isomerase gene (pdi-v) from haynaldia villosa contributes to powdery mildew resistance in common wheat.in this study, we report the contribution of a pdi-like gene from wheat wild relative haynaldia villosa in combating powdery mildew. pdi-v protein contains two conserved thioredoxin (trx) active domains (a and a') and an inactive domain (b). pdi-v interacted with e3 ligase cmpg1-v protein, which is a positive regulator of powdery mildew response. pdi-v was mono-ubiquitinated by cmpg1-v without degradation being detected. pdi-v was located on h. villosa chromosome 5v and encoded for a protein loc ...201627071705
genomic selection across multiple breeding cycles in applied bread wheat breeding.we evaluated genomic selection across five breeding cycles of bread wheat breeding. bias of within-cycle cross-validation and methods for improving the prediction accuracy were assessed. the prospect of genomic selection has been frequently shown by cross-validation studies using the same genetic material across multiple environments, but studies investigating genomic selection across multiple breeding cycles in applied bread wheat breeding are lacking. we estimated the prediction accuracy of gr ...201627067826
differential activation of the wheat snrk2 family by abiotic stresses.plant responses to stress occur via abscisic acid (aba) dependent or independent pathways. sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase 2 (snrk2) play a key role in plant stress signal transduction pathways. it is known that some snrk2 members are positive regulators of aba signal transduction through interaction with group a type 2c protein phosphatases (pp2cs). here, 10 snrk2s were isolated from wheat. based on phylogenetic analysis using kinase domains or the c-terminus, the 10 snrk2s were ...201627066054
cadmium minimization in wheat: a critical review.cadmium (cd) accumulation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and its subsequent transfer to food chain is a major environmental issue worldwide. understanding wheat response to cd stress and its management for aiming to reduce cd uptake and accumulation in wheat may help to improve wheat growth and grain quality. this paper reviewed the toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management of cd stress in wheat. it was concluded that cd decreased germination, growth, mineral nutrients, photosynthesis ...201627062345
the stay-green phenotype of tanam-rnai wheat plants is associated with maintenance of chloroplast structure and high enzymatic antioxidant activity.tanam transcription factors play an important role in controlling senescence, which in turn, influences the delivery of nitrogen, iron and other elements to the grain of wheat (triticum aestivum) plants, thus contributing to grain nutritional value. while lack or diminished expression of tanams determines a stay-green phenotype, the precise effect of these factors on chloroplast structure has not been studied. in this work we focused on the events undergone by chloroplasts in two wheat lines hav ...201627061370
genome-wide qtl mapping for wheat processing quality parameters in a gaocheng 8901/zhoumai 16 recombinant inbred line population.dough rheological and starch pasting properties play an important role in determining processing quality in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in the present study, a recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from a gaocheng 8901/zhoumai 16 cross grown in three environments was used to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for dough rheological and starch pasting properties evaluated by mixograph, rapid visco-analyzer (rva), and mixolab parameters using the wheat 90 and 660 k single nu ...201627486464
microbiome networks: a systems framework for identifying candidate microbial assemblages for disease management.network models of soil and plant microbiomes provide new opportunities for enhancing disease management, but also challenges for interpretation. we present a framework for interpreting microbiome networks, illustrating how observed network structures can be used to generate testable hypotheses about candidate microbes affecting plant health. the framework includes four types of network analyses. "general network analysis" identifies candidate taxa for maintaining an existing microbial community. ...201627482625
the characteristics and functions of a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element tamite81 in the 5' utr of tachs7bl from triticum aestivum.miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) are truncated derivatives of autonomous dna transposons, and are dispersed abundantly in eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. in this article, a mite, tamite81, was isolated from the 5' untranslated region (utr) of tachs7bl, chalcone synthase (chs) catalyzing the first committed step of anthocyanin biosynthesis, in the wheat cultivar 'opata' with white grain. tamite81 was only 81 nucleotides, including a terminal inverted repeat with 39 nucl ...201627481288
anther culture as an effective tool in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding.the aim of this study was to determine the effect of genotype and induction medium in anther culture of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). ten f1 winter wheat genotypes were tested in anther culture (ac) to compare the two most frequently applied induction media (w14mf and p4mf). androgenesis was induced during the treatment of each tested genotypes and green plants were produced from them using both media. based on statistical analysis, the genotypes significantly influenced (at the 0.001 probabilit ...201629368884
fine mapping and genetic association analysis of net2, the causative d-genome locus of low temperature-induced hybrid necrosis in interspecific crosses between tetraploid wheat and aegilops tauschii.hybrid necrosis has been observed in many interspecific hybrids from crosses between tetraploid wheat and the wheat d-genome donor aegilops tauschii. type ii necrosis is a kind of hybrid incompatibility that is specifically characterized by low-temperature induction and growth suppression. two complementary genes, net1 on the ab genome and net2 on the d genome, putatively control type ii necrosis in abd triploids and synthetic hexaploid wheat. toward map-based cloning of net2, a fine map around ...201627502693
metabolic acclimation of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats by cold stress-induced carbohydrate accumulation.metabolic acclimation of plants to cold stress may be of great importance for their growth, survival and crop productivity. the accumulation carbohydrates associated with cold tolerance (ct), transcript levels for genes encoding related enzymes along with damage indices were comparatively studied in three genotypes of bread and durum wheats differing in sensitivity. two (norstar, bread wheat and gerdish, durum wheat) were tolerant and the other, srn (durum wheat), was susceptible to cold stress. ...201627500556
cn-wheat, a functional-structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. ii. model evaluation.simulating resource allocation in crops requires an integrated view of plant functioning and the formalization of interactions between carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) metabolisms. this study evaluates the functional-structural model cn-wheat developed for winter wheat after anthesis.201627497243
cn-wheat, a functional-structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. i. model description.improving crops requires better linking of traits and metabolic processes to whole plant performance. in this paper, we present cn-wheat, a comprehensive and mechanistic model of carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) metabolism within wheat culms after anthesis.201627497242
genetic characterization of cysteine-rich type-b avenin-like protein coding genes in common wheat.the wheat avenin-like proteins (alp) are considered atypical gluten constituents and have shown positive effects on dough properties revealed using a transgenic approach. however, to date the genetic architecture of alp genes is unclear, making it impossible to be utilized in wheat breeding. in the current study, three genes of type-b alps were identified and mapped to chromosomes 7as, 4al and 7ds. the coding gene sequence of both taalp-7a and taalp-7d was 855 bp long, encoding two identical hom ...201627503660
genome-wide characterization of microsatellites in triticeae species: abundance, distribution and evolution.microsatellites are an important constituent of plant genome and distributed across entire genome. in this study, genome-wide analysis of microsatellites in 8 triticeae species and 9 model plants revealed that microsatellite characteristics were similar among the triticeae species. furthermore, genome-wide microsatellite markers were designed in wheat and then used to analyze the evolutionary relationship of wheat and other triticeae species. results displayed that aegilops tauschii was found to ...201627561724
efficient and transgene-free genome editing in wheat through transient expression of crispr/cas9 dna or rna.editing plant genomes is technically challenging in hard-to-transform plants and usually involves transgenic intermediates, which causes regulatory concerns. here we report two simple and efficient genome-editing methods in which plants are regenerated from callus cells transiently expressing crispr/cas9 introduced as dna or rna. this transient expression-based genome-editing system is highly efficient and specific for producing transgene-free and homozygous wheat mutants in the t0 generation. w ...201627558837
a set of triticum aestivum-aegilops speltoides robertsonian translocation lines.here we report the production of a set of wheat - aegilops speltoides robertsonian translocations covering all ae. speltoides chromosome arms except the long arm of the homoeologous group 4 chromosome. aegilops speltoides of the poaceae family is the most probable donor of the b and g genomes of polyploid triticum species and also an important source of resistance to diseases and pests of wheat. previously, we reported the production of a complete set of t aestivum-ae. speltoides chromosome addi ...201627558595
two novel ap2/erebp transcription factor genes taparg have pleiotropic functions on plant architecture and yield-related traits in common wheat.ap2/erebps play significant roles in plant growth and development. a novel, pleiotropic taparg (plant architecture-related gene), a member of the ap2/erebp transcription factor gene family, and its flanking sequences were isolated in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). two taparg genes were identified and named as taparg-2a and taparg-2d. their amino acid sequences were highly similar especially in the functional domains. taparg-2a on chromosome 2a was flanked by markers xwmc63 and xgwm372. taparg-2d ...201627555860
factors affecting the radiosensitivity of hexaploid wheat to γ-irradiation: radiosensitivity of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) [corrected].understanding the radiosensitivity of plants, an important factor in crop mutation breeding programs, requires a thorough investigation of the factors that contribute to this trait. in this study, we used the highly radiosensitive wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety hy1 and j411, a γ-irradiation-insensitive control, which were screened from a natural population, to examine the factors affecting radiosensitivity, including free radical content and total antioxidant capacity, as well as the expre ...201627551965
structural features of reconstituted wheat wax films.cuticular waxes are essential for the well-being of all plants, from controlling the transport of water and nutrients across the plant surface to protecting them against external environmental attacks. despite their significance, our current understanding regarding the structure and function of the wax film is limited. in this work, we have formed representative reconstituted wax film models of controlled thicknesses that facilitated an ex vivo study of plant cuticular wax film properties by neu ...201627466439
identification of putative rubisco activase (tarca1)-the catalytic chaperone regulating carbon assimilatory pathway in wheat (triticum aestivum) under the heat stress.rubisco activase (rca) is a catalytic chaperone involved in modulating the activity of rubisco (key enzyme of photosynthetic pathway). here, we identified eight novel transcripts from wheat through data mining predicted to be rca and cloned a transcript of 1.4 kb from cv. hd2985, named as tarca1 (genbank acc. no. kc776912). single copy number of tarca1 was observed in wheat genome. expression analysis in diverse wheat genotypes (hd2985, halna, pbw621, and hd2329) showed very high relative expres ...201627462325
fast and efficient screening for wheat loss-of-gene mutants using multiplexed melt curve analyses.this study describes a new approach in the screening for loss-of-gene mutants in heavy ion bombardment (hib) mutant populations of genetically complex organisms such as hexaploid bread wheat using multiplexed single-color (sybr green) melt curve analyses. the assay was set up for three target genes to test its validity and applicability. for each gene, three genome-specific primer pairs (one for each genome) with distinct melt curves were developed and multiplexed. this allowed screening for "si ...201627459606
transferring desirable genes from agropyron cristatum 7p chromosome into common wheat.wheat-agropyron cristatum 7p disomic addition line ⅱ-5-1, derived from the distant hybridization between a. cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, pppp) and the common wheat cv. fukuhokomugi (fukuho), displays numerous desirable agronomic traits, including enhanced thousand-grain weight, smaller flag leaf, and enhanced tolerance to drought. in order to transfer these traits into common wheat, ⅱ-5-1 was induced by 60co-γ ray, leading to the creation of 18 translocation lines and three deletion lines. genomic i ...201627459347
genetic basis for variation in wheat grain yield in response to varying nitrogen application.nitrogen (n) is a major nutrient needed to attain optimal grain yield (gy) in all environments. nitrogen fertilisers represent a significant production cost, in both monetary and environmental terms. developing genotypes capable of taking up n early during development while limiting biomass production after establishment and showing high n-use efficiency (nue) would be economically beneficial. genetic variation in nue has been shown previously. here we describe the genetic characterisation of nu ...201627459317
systematic investigation of flowering locus t-like poaceae gene families identifies the short-day expressed flowering pathway gene, taft3 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).to date, a small number of major flowering time loci have been identified in the related triticeae crops, bread wheat (triticum aestivum), durum wheat (t. durum), and barley (hordeum vulgare). natural genetic variants at these loci result in major phenotypic changes which have adapted crops to the novel environments encountered during the spread of agriculture. the polyploid nature of bread and durum wheat means that major flowering time loci in which recessive alleles confer adaptive advantage ...201627458461
influence of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition at glu-a1 and glu-d1 loci on secondary and micro structures of gluten in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).as one of critical gluten proteins, high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) mainly affect the rheological behaviour of wheat dough. the influence of hmw-gs variations at the glu-a1 and glu-d1 loci on both secondary and micro structures of gluten and rheological properties of wheat dough was investigated in this study. results showed that the amide i bands of the three near-isogenic lines (nils) shifted slightly, but the secondary structures differed significantly. the micro structure of ...201627451241
new insights into wheat toxicity: breeding did not seem to contribute to a prevalence of potential celiac disease's immunostimulatory epitopes.gluten proteins, namely gliadins, are the primary trigger of the abnormal immune response in celiac disease. it has been hypothesised that modern wheat breeding practices may have contributed to the increase in celiac disease prevalence during the latter half of the 20th century. our results do not support this hypothesis as triticum aestivum spp. vulgare landraces, which were not subjected to breeding practices, presented higher amounts of potential celiac disease's immunostimulatory epitopes w ...201627451149
nitrogen nutrition improves the potential of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to alleviate the effects of drought stress during vegetative growth periods.efficient nitrogen (n) nutrition has the potential to alleviate drought stress in crops by maintaining metabolic activities even at low tissue water potential. this study was aimed to understand the potential of n to minimize the effects of drought stress applied/occur during tillering (feekes stage 2) and jointing (feekes stage 6) growth stages of wheat by observing the regulations and limitations of physiological activities, crop growth rate during drought periods as well as final grain yields ...201627446197
identification of key proteins and networks related to grain development in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by comparative transcription and proteomic analysis of allelic variants in tagw2-6a.in wheat, coding region allelic variants of tagw2-6a are closely associated with grain width and weight, but the genetic mechanisms involved remain unclear. thus, to obtain insights into the key functions regulated by tagw2-6a during wheat grain development, we performed transcriptional and proteomic analyses of tagw2-6a allelic variants. the transcription results showed that the tagw2-6a allelic variants differed significantly by several orders of magnitude. each allelic variant of tagw2-6a rea ...201627446152
ear rachis xylem occlusion and associated loss in hydraulic conductance coincide with the end of grain filling for wheat.seed dehydration is the normal terminal event in the development of orthodox seeds and is physiologically related to the cessation of grain dry mass accumulation and crop grain yield. for a better understanding of grain dehydration, we evaluated the hypothesis that hydraulic conductance of the ear decreases during the latter stages of development and that this decrease results from disruption or occlusion of xylem conduits. whole ear, rachis, and stem nodes hydraulic conductance and percentage l ...201627446150
a novel allele of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase is associated with enhanced drought tolerance through affecting stomatal aperture in common wheat.in higher plants, l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (gldh) plays important roles in ascorbic acid (asa) biosynthesis and assembly of respiration complex i. here we report three homoeologous genes (tagldh-a1, -b1 and -d1) encoding common wheat gldh isozymes and a unique allelic variant (tagldh-a1b) associated with enhanced drought tolerance. tagldh-a1, -b1 and -d1 were located on chromosomes 5a, 5b and 5d, respectively, and their transcripts were found in multiple organs. the three homoeologs ...201627443220
genome wide single locus single trait, multi-locus and multi-trait association mapping for some important agronomic traits in common wheat (t. aestivum l.).genome wide association study (gwas) was conducted for 14 agronomic traits in wheat following widely used single locus single trait (slst) approach, and two recent approaches viz. multi locus mixed model (mlmm), and multi-trait mixed model (mtmm). association panel consisted of 230 diverse indian bread wheat cultivars (released during 1910-2006 for commercial cultivation in different agro-climatic regions in india). three years phenotypic data for 14 traits and genotyping data for 250 ssr marker ...201627441835
drought-up-regulated tanac69-1 is a transcriptional repressor of tashy2 and taiaa7, and enhances root length and biomass in wheat.a well-known physiological adaptation process of plants encountering drying soil is to achieve water balance by reducing shoot growth and maintaining or promoting root elongation, but little is known about the molecular basis of this process. this study investigated the role of a drought-up-regulated triticum aestivum nac69-1 (tanac69-1) in the modulation of root growth in wheat. tanac69-1 was predominantly expressed in wheat roots at the early vegetative stage. overexpression of tanac69-1 in wh ...201627440550
characterization of two hkt1;4 transporters from triticum monococcum to elucidate the determinants of the wheat salt tolerance nax1 qtl.tmhkt1;4-a1 and tmhkt1;4-a2 are two na+ transporter genes that have been identified as associated with the salt tolerance nax1 locus found in a durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum) line issued from a cross with t. monococcum. in the present study, we were interested in getting clues on the molecular mechanisms underpinning this salt tolerance quantitative trait locus (qtl). by analyzing the phylogenetic relationships between wheat and t. monococcum hkt1;4-type genes, we found that dur ...201627440547
erratum: detection of qtls for traits associated with pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).[this corrects the article on p. 260 in vol. 66, pmid: 27162497.].201627436958
application of a library of near isogenic lines to understand context dependent expression of qtl for grain yield and adaptive traits in bread wheat.previous quantitative trait loci (qtls) studies using the avalon × cadenza doubled haploid (dh) population identified eleven qtls determining plant height, heading date and grain yield. the objectives of this study were: (i) to provide insight into the effects of these qtls using reciprocal multiple near isogenic lines (nils) with each pair of alleles compared in both parental backgrounds (avalon or cadenza), (ii) quantifying epistasis by looking at the background effects and (iii) predict favou ...201627436187
elucidation of the genetic basis of variation for stem strength characteristics in bread wheat by associative transcriptomics.the current approach to reducing the tendency for wheat grown under high fertilizer conditions to collapse (lodge) under the weight of its grain is based on reducing stem height via the introduction of rht genes. however, these reduce the yield of straw (itself an important commodity) and introduce other undesirable characteristics. identification of alternative height-control loci is therefore of key interest. in addition, the improvement of stem mechanical strength provides a further way throu ...201627423334
identification of novel abiotic stress proteins in triticum aestivum through functional annotation of hypothetical proteins.cereal grain bread wheat (t. aestivum) is an important source of food and belongs to poaceae family. hypothetical proteins (hps), i.e., proteins with unknown functions, share a substantial portion of wheat proteomes and play important roles in growth and physiology of plant system. several functional annotations studies utilizing the protein sequences for characterization of role of individual protein in physiology of plant systems were being reported in recent past. in this study, an integrated ...201627421996
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