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parasitism by the endoparasitoid, cotesia flavipes induces cellular immunosuppression and enhances susceptibility of the sugar cane borer, diatraea saccharalis to bacillus thuringiensis.cotesia flavipes cameron (hymenoptera: braconidae), is a gregarious larval endoparasitoid of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis fabricius (lepidoptera: crambidae). the aim of this research was to analyze cellular immunosuppression of d. saccharalis parasitized by c. flavipes in terms of encapsulation, melanization, and hemocyte nodule formation. the encapsulation assay was done 1 and 6 days after parasitoid oviposition. in addition, the susceptibility of parasitized and nonparasitzed larv ...201122225507
mating populations of fusarium section liseola from rice, sugarcane and maize.mating studies were conducted on 78 isolates of fusarium species section liseola from rice, sugarcane and maize. from the crosses with tester strains of gibberella fujikuroi species complex, 64.1% (50 out of 78 isolates) were cross-fertile with tester strains of mating populations a to e. the results of the mating studies showed that of the 50 isolates, 19 belonged to mating population a (gibberella moniliformis), 18 to mating population b (gibberella sacchari), 4 to mating population e (gibbere ...201124575220
factors associated with the suppressiveness of sugarcane soils to plant-parasitic nematodes.observations in three australian sugarcane fields suggested that the soil just under the trash blanket (the covering of crop residue that remains on the soil surface after crops are harvested) was suppressive to plant-parasitic nematodes. roots were concentrated in this upper layer of soil but plant-parasitic nematode populations were relatively low and roots showed few signs of nematode damage. root biomass was much lower 15 cm further down the soil profile, where root health was poor and popul ...201123431051
high gravity fermentation of sugarcane molasses to produce ethanol: effect of nutrients.fermentation efficiency of more than 85% was obtained by high gravity fermentation of 33-34°bx (spec. gravity ≈1.134) molasses medium with certain nutrients, instead of generally employed medium containing ≈16% (w/v) total sugar (spec. gravity ≈1.090) for ethanol fermentation in distilleries to get maximum 80-85% conversion. the fermenting yeast, saccharomyces, has varied capabilities, depending on the species and nutrition for fermenting the high solids medium. the fermentation period was reduc ...201022815577
high-yield endoglucanase production by trichoderma harzianum ioc-3844 cultivated in pretreated sugarcane mill byproduct.the low-cost production of cellulolytic complexes presenting high action at mild conditions and well-balanced cellulase activities is one of the major bottlenecks for the economical viability of the production of cellulosic ethanol. in the present paper, the filamentous fungus trichoderma harzianum ioc-3844 was used for the production of cellulases from a pretreated sugarcane bagasse (namely, cellulignin), by submerged fermentation. this fungal strain produced high contents of endoglucanase acti ...201021048871
production of tea vinegar by batch and semicontinuous fermentation.the fermented tea vinegar combines the beneficial properties of tea and vinegar. the complete fermentation takes 4 to 5 weeks in a batch culture and thus can be shortened by semi continuous/ continuous fermentation using immobilized bacterial cells. in the present study, alcoholic fermentation of 1.0 and 1.5% tea infusions using saccharomyces cerevisae g was carried out that resulted in 84.3 and 84.8% fermentation efficiency (fe) respectively. the batch vinegar fermentation of these wines with a ...201023572817
development of a yeast strain for xylitol production without hydrolysate detoxification as part of the integration of co-product generation within the lignocellulosic ethanol process.the present study verified an applicable technology of xylitol bioconversion as part of the integration of co-product generation within second-generation bioethanol processes. a newly isolated yeast strain, candida tropicalis jh030, was shown to have a capacity for xylitol production from hemicellulosic hydrolysate without detoxification. the yeast gives a promising xylitol yield of 0.71 g(p) g(s)(-1) from non-detoxified rice straw hydrolysate that had been prepared by the dilute acid pretreatme ...201021095119
gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus levansucrase is involved in tolerance to nacl, sucrose and desiccation, and in biofilm formation.gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium and endophyte of sugarcane, which expresses levansucrase, a fructosyltransferase exoenzyme with sucrose hydrolytic and levan biosynthetic activities. as a result of their physical properties, the levan can provide protection against stress caused by abiotic or biotic factors and participate in the formation of biofilms. in this study, we investigated the construction and function of a levansucrase-defective mutant of g. diazotrophic ...201021103984
developmental and photosynthetic regulation of δ-endotoxin reveals that engineered sugarcane conferring resistance to 'dead heart' contains no toxins in cane juice.the phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) carboxylase is regulated at the levels of transcription and post-translation in c4 plants in light and abundantly accumulates in leaf mesophyll cells. we report here developmental and photosynthetic regulation of stably accumulated bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin under the control of pep-c promoter in transgenic sugarcane. in young leaves of plants, the transprotein is accumulated to 39% of the levels in mature leaves (135 ng mg(-1)), and is induced with the cell ...201021104030
the effect of biomass moisture content on bioethanol yields from steam pretreated switchgrass and sugarcane bagasse.this study aimed to determine the effect of moisture content of three different feedstocks on overall ethanol yield. switchgrass and sugarcane bagasse from two sources were either soaked in water (∼80% moisture) or left dry (∼12% moisture), and half each of these were impregnated with 3%w/w so(2) and all were steam pretreated. the twelve resulting substrates were compared based on overall sugar recovery after pretreatment, cellulose conversion following enzymatic hydrolysis, and ethanol yield fo ...201021109425
simplified process for ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse using hydrolysate-resistant escherichia coli strain mm160.hexose and pentose sugars from phosphoric acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse were co-fermented to ethanol in a single vessel (sscf), eliminating process steps for solid-liquid separation and sugar cleanup. an initial liquefaction step (l) with cellulase was included to improve mixing and saccharification (l+sscf), analogous to a corn ethanol process. fermentation was enabled by the development of a hydrolysate-resistant mutant of escherichia coli ly180, designated mm160. strain mm160 was more res ...201021111615
a specific, robust, and automated method for routine at-line monitoring of the concentration of cellulases in genetically modified sugarcane plants.bagasse is one of the waste crop materials highlighted as commercially viable for cellulosic bio-ethanol production via enzymatic conversion to release fermentable sugars. genetically modified sugarcane expressing cellobiohydrolases (cbh), endoglucanase (eg), and β-glucosidases (bg) provide a more cost-effective route to cellulose breakdown compared to culturing these enzymes in microbial tanks. hence, process monitoring of the concentration profile of these key cellulases in incoming batches of ...201021136205
weedy lignocellulosic feedstock and microbial metabolic engineering: advancing the generation of 'biofuel'.lignocellulosic materials are the most abundant renewable organic resources (~200 billion tons annually) on earth that are readily available for conversion to ethanol and other value-added products, but they have not yet been tapped for the commercial production of fuel ethanol. the lignocellulosic substrates include woody substrates such as hardwood (birch and aspen, etc.) and softwood (spruce and pine, etc.), agro residues (wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, corn stover, etc.), dedicated energy c ...201021181146
bioconversion of saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) hemicellulosic hydrolysate into ethanol by mono and co-cultures of pichia stipitis ncim3498 and thermotolerant saccharomyces cerevisiae-vs(3).the lignocellulosic biomass is a low-cost renewable resource for eco-benign liquid fuel 'ethanol'. to resolve the hydrolysis of mixed sugars in lignocellulosic substrate saccharum spontaneum, the microbial co-cultures of pichia stipitis ncim 3498 and thermotolerant saccharomyces cerevisiae-vs(3) were analyzed for efficient bioconversion of mixed sugars into ethanol. among the hydrolysis conditions, the acid hydrolysis released maximum sugars along with furans, phenolics and acetic acid. the acid ...201021185411
pectin lyase production by recombinant penicillium griseoroseum strain 105.recombinant penicillium griseoroseum strain 105 overproduces an extracellular pectin lyase (pl) under the transcriptional control of the strong gpda promoter of aspergillus nidulans. our aim was to evaluate pl production by recombinant p. griseoroseum strain 105 in submerged fermentation system bioreactors biofloiii and biofloiv using 2 or 10 l working volumes under different growth conditions and to analyze the production of cellulase, polygalacturonase, pectin methylesterase, and protease. pl ...201020962906
unprecedented enhancement of transient gene expression from minimal cassettes using a double terminator.the potential of using vector-free minimal gene cassettes (mgcs) with a double terminator for the enhancement and stabilization of transgene expression was tested in sugarcane biolistic transformation. the mgc system used consisted of the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) reporter gene driven by the maize ubiquitin-1 (ubi) promoter and a single or double terminator from nopaline synthase (tnos) or/and cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (35st). transient eyfp expression from tnos or 35st singl ...201020967448
[fermentation of two insoluble dietary fibers by colonic microflora in vitro].to investigate the rule of insoluble dietary fiber fermentation in intestinal tract.201021033443
transgenic sugarcane plants expressing high levels of modified cry1ac provide effective control against stem borers in field trials.to improve transgene expression level, we synthesized a truncated insecticidal gene m-cry1ac by increasing its gc content from 37.4 to 54.8%, based on the codon usage pattern of sugarcane genes, and transferred it into two sugarcane cultivars (roc16 and yt79-177) by microprojectile bombardment. the integration sites and expression pattern of the transgene were determined, respectively, by southern, northern and western blot analyses. the transgenic sugarcane lines produced up to 50 ng cry1ac pro ...201021046242
production of fibrolytic enzymes by aspergillus japonicus c03 using agro-industrial residues with potential application as additives in animal feed.solid-state fermentation obtained from different and low-cost carbon sources was evaluated to endocellulases and endoxylanases production by aspergillus japonicus c03. regarding the enzymatic production the highest levels were observed at 30 °c, using soy bran added to crushed corncob or wheat bran added to sugarcane bagasse, humidified with salt solutions, and incubated for 3 days (xylanase) or 6 days (cellulase) with 70% relative humidity. peptone improved the xylanase and cellulase activities ...201021046416
microbial production of xylitol from d-xylose and sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose using newly isolated thermotolerant yeast debaryomyces hansenii.a thermotolerant yeast capable of fermenting xylose to xylitol at 40°c was isolated and identified as a strain of debaryomyces hansenii by its sequencing. this paper reports the production of xylitol from d-xylose and sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose by free and ca-alginate immobilized cells of d. hansenii. the efficiency of free and immobilized cells were compared for xylitol production from d-xylose and hemicellulose in batch culture at 40°c. the maximum xylitol produced by free cells was 68.6 ...201021067918
production of rhamnolipids in solid-state cultivation using a mixture of sugarcane bagasse and corn bran supplemented with glycerol and soybean oil.rhamnolipid biosurfactants are attracting attention due to their low toxicity, high biodegradability, and good ecological acceptability. however, production in submerged culture is made difficult by severe foaming problems. solid-state cultivation (ssc) is a promising alternative production method. in the current work, we report the optimization of rhamnolipid production by pseudomonas aeruginosa ufpeda 614 on a solid substrate containing sugarcane bagasse and corn bran. the best rhamnolipid pro ...201021080163
steam pretreatment and fermentation of the straw material "paja brava" using simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation.pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) of the south american straw material paja brava were investigated. suitable process conditions for an so₂-catalyzed steam pretreatment of the material were determined and assessed by enzymatic digestibility of obtained fiber slurries for 72 h at a water insoluble solids (wis) content of 2%. the best pretreatment conditions obtained (200 °c, 5 min holding time and 2.5% so₂) gave an overall glucose yield fo ...201021081285
comparative evaluations of cellulosic raw materials for second generation bioethanol production.to evaluate sugar recoveries and fermentabilities of eight lignocellulosic raw materials following mild acid pretreatment and enzyme hydrolysis using a recombinant strain of zymomonas mobilis.201020849394
categorizing sugarcane cultivar resistance to the sugarcane aphid and yellow sugarcane aphid (hemiptera: aphididae).sugarcane (saccharum spp.) in louisiana is colonized by two aphid species, the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari (zehntner), and the yellow sugarcane aphid, sipha flava (forbes) (hemiptera: aphididae). the main problem associated with m. sacchari is transmission of sugarcane yellow leaf virus, a casual agent of yellow leaf disease whose absence has been added to certification standards for micropropagated sugarcane in louisiana. greenhouse studies were conducted to categorize dominant commerc ...201020857758
succinic acid production from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate by actinobacillus succinogenes.succinic acid, a four-carbon diacid, has been the focus of many research projects aimed at developing more economically viable methods of fermenting sugar-containing natural materials. succinic acid fermentation processes also consume co(2), thereby potentially contributing to reductions in co(2) emissions. succinic acid could also become a commodity used as an intermediate in the chemical synthesis and manufacture of synthetic resins and biodegradable polymers. much attention has been given rec ...201020882312
seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis and brucellosis in sugarcane field-workers in trinidad and tobago.sugarcane field-workers, like rice field-workers, livestock farmers and abattoir workers are known to be occupationally exposed to zoonotic agents. the study determined the seroprevalence of immunoglobulins to toxoplasma gondii (igm), leptospira spp (igm) and brucella abortus (igg) in sugarcane field-workers across weighing stations in the island of trinidad. in addition, the association of risk factors to infections by the three zoonoses was investigated. blood samples were collected from conse ...201020931907
isotachophoresis-based sample preparation of cellulases in sugarcane juice using bovine serum albumin as a model protein.the foremost requirement of quantification of cellulases expressed in genetically modified sugarcane is an efficient sample clean-up. this work investigates the feasibility of isotachophoresis for this purpose. an electrolyte system comprising a leading electrolyte of 10mm formic acid at ph 9.0 and a terminating electrolyte of 10mm β-alanine was devised and used to perform isotachophoresis of cellulases. the use of a simple front cutting method removed a majority of interfering species in the ju ...201020833399
sugarcane bagasse enzymatic hydrolysis: rheological data as criteria for impeller selection.the aim of this work was to select an efficient impeller to be used in a stirred reactor for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse. all experiments utilized 100 g (dry weight)/l of steam-pretreated bagasse, which is utilized in brazil for cattle feed. the process was studied with respect to the rheological behavior of the biomass hydrolysate and the enzymatic conversion of the bagasse polysaccharides. these parameters were applied to model the power required for an impeller to operate a ...201020844924
a new glycosidic flavonoid from jwarhar mahakashay (antipyretic) ayurvedic preparation.the aqueous extract of jwarhar mahakashay ayurvedic preparation (from the roots of hemidesmus indicus r. br., rubia cordifolia l., cissampelos pareira l.; fruits of terminalia chebula retz., emblica officinalis gaertn., terminalia bellirica roxb., vitis vinifera l., grewia asiatica l., salvadora persica l. and granules of saccharum officinarum l.) has been used as a traditional antipyretic. experimental studies confirmed its antipyretic-analgesic effect with very low ulcerogenicity and toxicity. ...201020814525
bacterially expressed dsrna protects maize against scmv infection.rna interference (rnai) is a sequence-specific, posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs) process in plants that is mediated by dsrna homologous to the silenced gene(s). in this study, we report an efficient method to produce dsrna using a bacterial expression system. two fragments of the sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) cp (coat protein) gene were amplified by rt-pcr, and cloned into the inverted-repeat cloning vector puccrnai. the two recombinant plasmids were transformed individually into e. col ...201020734050
fermentation of cellulosic hydrolysates obtained by enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by hydrothermal processing.this work aims to evaluate the fermentability of cellulosic hydrolysates obtained by enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by hydrothermal processing using candida guilliermondii fti 20037 yeast. the inoculum was obtained from yeast culture in a medium containing glucose as a carbon source supplemented with rice bran extract, cacl(2).2h(2)o and (nh(4))(2)so(4) in 50 ml erlenmeyer flasks, containing 20 ml of medium, initial 5.5 ph under agitation of an orbital shaker (200 rpm ...201020740373
milling pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse and straw for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation.the effectiveness of ball milling (bm) and wet disk milling (wdm) on treating sugarcane bagasse and straw were compared. pretreated materials were characterized by wide angle x-ray diffraction analysis, particle-size distribution and scanning electron microscopy and the effectiveness of pretreatments was evaluated by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. glucose and xylose hydrolysis yields at optimum conditions for bm-treated bagasse and straw were 78.7% and 72.1% and 77.6% and 56.8%, respecti ...201020576565
milling pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse and straw for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation.the effectiveness of ball milling (bm) and wet disk milling (wdm) on treating sugarcane bagasse and straw were compared. pretreated materials were characterized by wide angle x-ray diffraction analysis, particle-size distribution and scanning electron microscopy and the effectiveness of pretreatments was evaluated by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. glucose and xylose hydrolysis yields at optimum conditions for bm-treated bagasse and straw were 78.7% and 72.1% and 77.6% and 56.8%, respecti ...201020578287
piceatannol, a catechol-type polyphenol, inhibits phorbol ester-induced nf-{kappa}b activation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human breast epithelial cells: cysteine 179 of ikk{beta} as a potential target.there are multiple lines of evidence supporting that chronic inflammation is linked to carcinogenesis. nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab), a major redox-sensitive transcription factor responsible for the induction of a wide array of pro-inflammatory genes, is frequently overactivated in many tumors. moreover, constitutive activation of ikappab kinase (ikk), a key regulator of nf-kappab signaling, has been implicated in inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. piceatannol (trans-3,4,3',5'-tetrahydro ...201020584749
identification and characterization of yeasts in sugarcane silages.to enumerate the micro-organisms and to identify the yeast species present during the ensilage of different sugarcane (saccharum spp.) cultivars.201020618886
simple and efficient method for isolating cdna fragments of lea3 genes with potential for wide application in the grasses (poaceae).cdna fragments of lea3 genes with a high gc content (from 68 to 77%) were found in several poaceae, including sorghum vulgare, saccharum officinarum, oryza officinalis, oryza meyeriana, ampelocalamus calcareus, cynodon dactylon, and zizania latifoli. they were successfully isolated by means of optimal experimental parameters, which included dimethyl sulfoxide as additive and degenerate primers "agetkas" and "agkdktg", and their sequences were analyzed. compared to the method of isolating genes b ...201020623457
application of sequence-independent amplification (sia) for the identification of rna viruses in bioenergy crops.miscanthus x giganteus, energycane, and panicum virgatum (switchgrass) are three potential biomass crops being evaluated for commercial cellulosic ethanol production. viral diseases are potentially significant threats to these crops. therefore, identification of viruses infecting these bioenergy crops is important for quarantine purposes, virus resistance breeding, and production of virus-free planting materials. the application is described of sequence-independent amplification, for the identif ...201020638415
monitoring the colonization of sugarcane and rice plants by the endophytic diazotrophic bacterium gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus marked with gfp and gusa reporter genes.to evaluate the colonization process of sugarcane plantlets and hydroponically grown rice seedlings by gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strain pal5 marked with the gusa and gfp reporter genes.201020666985
evaluation of hexose and pentose in pre-cultivation of candida guilliermondii on the key enzymes for xylitol production in sugarcane hemicellulosic hydrolysate.the evaluation of hexose and pentose in pre-cultivation of candida guilliermondii fti 20037 yeast on xylose reductase (xr) and xylitol dehydrogenase (xdh) enzymes activities was performed during fermentation in sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate. the xylitol production was evaluated by using cells previously growth in 30.0 gl(-1) xylose, 30.0 gl(-1) glucose and in both sugars mixture (30.0 gl(-1) xylose and 2.0 gl(-1) glucose). the vacuum evaporated hydrolysate (80 gl(-1)) was detoxifi ...201020683763
molecular characterization and rna interference of three midgut aminopeptidase n isozymes from bacillus thuringiensis-susceptible and -resistant strains of sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis.aminopeptidase n (apn) proteins located at the midgut epithelium of some lepidopteran species have been implicated as receptors for insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis. cdnas of three apn isoforms, dsapn1, dsapn2, and dsapn3, from cry1ab-susceptible (cry1ab-ss) and -resistant (cry1ab-rr) strains of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.) (lepidoptera: crambidae), were identified and sequenced using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and 5' rapid amplifi ...201020685334
production of pectate lyase by penicillium viridicatum rfc3 in solid-state and submerged fermentation.pectate lyase (pl) was produced by the filamentous fungus penicillium viridicatum rfc3 in solid-state cultures of a mixture of orange bagasse and wheat bran (1 : 1 w/w), or orange bagasse, wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse (1 : 1 : 0.5 w/w), and in a submerged liquid culture with orange bagasse and wheat bran (3%) as the carbon source. pl production was highest (1,500 u ml(-1) or 300 ug(-1) of substrate) in solid-state fermentation (ssf) on wheat bran and orange bagasse at 96 hours. pl production ...201020689719
combined effects of sugarcane bagasse extract and synthetic dyes on the growth and bioaccumulation properties of pichia fermentans mtcc 189.bioaccumulation of synthetic dyes viz. acid blue 93, direct red 28 and basic violet 3 by growing cells of yeast, pichia fermentans mtcc 189 was investigated in growth media prepared from sugarcane bagasse extract. the maximum dye bioaccumulation was determined at ph 5.0 for all the dyes tested. two kinetic models viz. noncompetitive and uncompetitive models were tested in order to determine the toxic effects of dyes on the specific growth rate of p. fermentans mtcc 189. basic violet 3 was found ...201020692093
genome-wide sequencing data reveals virulence factors implicated in banana xanthomonas wilt.banana xanthomonas wilt is a newly emerging disease that is currently threatening the livelihoods of millions of farmers in east africa. the causative agent is xanthomonas campestris pathovar musacearum (xcm), but previous work suggests that this pathogen is much more closely related to species xanthomonas vasicola than to x. campestris. we have generated draft genome sequences for a banana-pathogenic strain of xcm isolated in uganda and for a very closely related strain of x. vasicola pathovar ...201020695894
antioxidant pathways are up-regulated during biological nitrogen fixation to prevent ros-induced nitrogenase inhibition in gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus.gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, an endophyte isolated from sugarcane, is a strict aerobe that fixates n(2). this process is catalyzed by nitrogenase and requires copious amounts of atp. nitrogenase activity is extremely sensitive to inhibition by oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ros). however, the elevated oxidative metabolic rates required to sustain biological nitrogen fixation (bnf) may favor an increased production of ros. here, we explored this paradox and observed that ros levels are, ...201020697694
effect of temperature on the population growth of rhynchophorus ferrugineus (coleoptera: curculionidae) on sugarcane.the effect of temperature on the developmental time, survival, and reproduction of rhynchophorus ferrugineus (olivier) reared on sugarcane was studied at seven constant temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 40 degrees c). the developmental threshold temperatures and effective accumulated temperatures for the whole generation were 17.41 degrees c and 1,590.72 dd, respectively. one generation had the highest survival rate (26.67%) at 28 degrees c. the egg failed to survive at 16 and 40 degrees ...201020550815
a near-complete genome sequence of a distinct isolate of sugarcane yellow leaf virus from china, representing a sixth new genotype.the 5803 nt genomic sequence of a sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) isolate (scylv-chn1) from china was determined. it covered more than 98% of the complete viral genome and contained all the six orfs and the entire intergenic untranslated region. this isolate was most closely related to scylv genotype cub (isolates cub-yl1 and cb86010) with identities of 95.2-97.4% (nt) (93.2-97.2% aa) in orf0, orf1, and orf2. sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses supported the view that this isolate ...201020563635
sugarcane proteomics: establishment of a protein extraction method for 2-de in stalk tissues and initiation of sugarcane proteome reference map.sugarcane is an important commercial crop cultivated for its stalks and sugar is a prized commodity essential in human nutrition. proteomics of sugarcane is in its infancy, especially when dealing with the stalk tissues, where there is no study to date. a systematic proteome analysis of stalk tissue yet remains to be investigated in sugarcane, wherein the stalk tissue is well known for its rigidity, fibrous nature, and the presence of oxidative enzymes, phenolic compounds and extreme levels of c ...201020564692
spatio-temporal variation in malaria transmission intensity in five agro-ecosystems in mvomero district, tanzania.in africa, malaria is predominantly a rural disease where agriculture forms the backbone of the economy. various agro-ecosystems and crop production systems have an impact on mosquito productivity, and hence malaria transmission intensity. this study was carried out to determine spatial and temporal variations in anopheline mosquito population and malaria transmission intensity in five villages, representing different agro-ecosystems in mvomero district, tanzania, so as to provide baseline infor ...201020503186
induction of a gloverin-like antimicrobial polypeptide in the sugarcane borer diatraea saccharalis challenged by septic injury.diatraea saccharalis (fabricius, 1794) (lepidoptera: crambidae) is an important pest for brazilian sugarcane. in the present study, we detected two distinct spots in hemolymph from septic injured larvae (hds1 and hds2), which are separated by 2de gel electrophoresis. both spots were subjected to in-gel tryptic digestion and maldi-tof/tof analysis, which revealed the sequence vfgtlgsddsglfgk present in both hds1 and hds2. this sequence had homology and 80% identity with specific lepidoptera antim ...201020490430
alkali-based afex pretreatment for the conversion of sugarcane bagasse and cane leaf residues to ethanol.sugarcane is one of the major agricultural crops cultivated in tropical climate regions of the world. each tonne of raw cane production is associated with the generation of 130 kg dry weight of bagasse after juice extraction and 250 kg dry weight of cane leaf residue postharvest. the annual world production of sugarcane is approximately 1.6 billion tones, generating 279 mmt tones of biomass residues (bagasse and cane leaf matter) that would be available for cellulosic ethanol production. here, w ...201020521302
cancer risk assessment of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages from brazil with special consideration to the spirits cachaça and tiquira.ethyl carbamate (ec) is a multi-site carcinogen in experimental animals and probably carcinogenic to humans (iarc group 2a). traces of ec below health-relevant ranges naturally occur in several fermented foods and beverages, while higher concentrations above 1 mg/l are regularly detected in only certain spirits derived from cyanogenic plants. in brazil this concerns the sugarcane spirit cachaça and the manioc (cassava) spirit tiquira, which both regularly exceed the national ec limit of 0.15 mg/ ...201020529350
bioethanol production from ball milled bagasse using an on-site produced fungal enzyme cocktail and xylose-fermenting pichia stipitis.sugarcane bagasse is one of the most promising agricultural by-products for conversion to biofuels. here, ethanol fermentation from bagasse has been achieved using an integrated process combining mechanical pretreatment by ball milling, with enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. ball milling for 2 h was sufficient for nearly complete cellulose structural transformation to an accessible amorphous form. the pretreated cellulosic residues were hydrolyzed by a crude enzyme preparation from penicill ...201020541110
maize streak virus: an old and complex 'emerging' pathogen.maize streak virus (msv; genus mastrevirus, family geminiviridae) occurs throughout africa, where it causes what is probably the most serious viral crop disease on the continent. it is obligately transmitted by as many as six leafhopper species in the genus cicadulina, but mainly by c. mbila naudé and c. storeyi. in addition to maize, it can infect over 80 other species in the family poaceae. whereas 11 strains of msv are currently known, only the msv-a strain is known to cause economically sign ...201020078771
plant antimicrobial peptides: an overview of supersage transcriptional profile and a functional review.defensin, thionin and lipid transfer protein (ltp) gene families, which antimicrobial activity has an attractive use in protein engineering and transgenic production of agronomical important plants, have been here functionally reviewed. also, a transcriptional overview of a set of plant supersage libraries and analysis looking for 26 bp tags possibly annotated for those families is presented. tags differentially expressed (p = 0.05) or constitutively transcribed were identified from leaves or ro ...201020088771
anaerobic mixed-culture fermentation of aqueous ammonia-treated sugarcane bagasse in consolidated bioprocessing.the mixalco process is an example of consolidated bioprocessing (cbp) in which anaerobic mixed-culture fermentation biochemically converts any biodegradable feedstock into carboxylate salts. downstream processing thermochemically transforms the resulting salts into mixed alcohol fuels or gasoline. to enhance digestibility, sugarcane bagasse was treated under mild conditions (55 degrees c, 24 h, and 30% aqueous ammonia solution with a loading of 10 ml/g dry biomass). using nh(4)hco(3) buffer, the ...201020091732
landscape risk factors for attacks of vampire bats on cattle in sao paulo, brazil.vampire-bat (desmodus rotundus) attacks on cattle are a major concern for cattle-raising area. blood loss and paralytic rabies due to bat bites can impose severe losses on the livestock. we took four municipalities inside the sao joao da boa vista veterinary district (sao paulo, brazil) as a study area and tested a set of landscape features for spatial correlation with distance to areas in which vampire-bat attacks on cattle were documented. bat- and cattle-related data from the sao paulo state ...201020004487
proteome of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus co-cultivated with sugarcane plantlets.gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a micro-aerobic bacterium able to fix atmospheric nitrogen in endophytic mode. a proteomic approach was used to analyze proteins differentially expressed in the presence and absence of sugarcane plantlets. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) showed 42 spots with altered levels of expression. analysis of these spots by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight in tandem (maldi-tof-tof) identified 38 proteins. differentially expressed pro ...201020026003
guillain-barré syndrome following snake bite: an unusual complication.a 40-year-old man presented with a nonhealing wound on the left ankle for the last 5 weeks, a tingling sensation in both hands for 20 days, and weakness in all four limbs for 10 days. he had been bitten by a snake while working in a sugarcane field 6 weeks earlier and had received tetanus toxoid and anti-snake venom on the day of the bite. he had clinical, biochemical, and electrophysiological features of guillain-barré syndrome, with motor and sensory neuropathy-primarily suggestive of demyelin ...201020436752
chemical composition of lipopolysaccharides isolated from various endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus herbaspirillum.bacteria from the genus herbaspirillum are endophytes responsible for nitrogen fixation in gramineous plants of economic importance such as maize, sugarcane, sorghum, rice, and wheat. some species are known to produce plant growth substances. in contrast, herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans strains are known to be mild plant pathogens. the molecular communication between the plant and the microbes might involve lipopolysaccharides present in the outer membrane of these gram-negative bacteria. phenol ...201020453901
trichoderma harzianum ioc-4038: a promising strain for the production of a cellulolytic complex with significant β-glucosidase activity from sugarcane bagasse cellulignin.sugarcane bagasse is an agroindustrial residue generated in large amounts in brazil. this biomass can be used for the production of cellulases, aiming at their use in second-generation processes for bioethanol production. therefore, this work reports the ability of a fungal strain, trichoderma harzianum ioc-4038, to produce cellulases on a novel material, xylan free and cellulose rich, generated from sugarcane bagasse, named partially delignified cellulignin. the extract produced by t. harzianum ...201020455032
multitemporal observations of sugarcane by terrasar-x images.the objective of this study is to investigate the potential of terrasar-x (x-band) in monitoring sugarcane growth on reunion island (located in the indian ocean). multi-temporal terrasar data acquired at various incidence angles (17°, 31°, 37°, 47°, 58°) and polarizations (hh, hv, vv) were analyzed in order to study the behaviour of sar (synthetic aperture radar) signal as a function of sugarcane height and ndvi (normalized difference vegetation index). the potential of terrasar for mapping the ...201022163387
production and optimization of cellulase enzyme using aspergillus niger usm ai 1 and comparison with trichoderma reesei via solid state fermentation system.novel design solid state bioreactor, fermsostat, had been evaluated in cellulase production studies using local isolate aspergillus niger usm ai 1 grown on sugarcane bagasse and palm kernel cake at 1 : 1 (w/w) ratio. under optimised ssf conditions of 0.5 kg substrate; 70% (w/w) moisture content; 30°c; aeration at 4 l/h · g fermented substrate for 5 min and mixing at 0.5 rpm for 5 min, about 3.4 u/g of filter paper activity (fpase) was obtained. at the same time, comparative studies of the enzyme ...201021350665
bioaccumulation of the synthetic dye basic violet 3 and heavy metals in single and binary systems by candida tropicalis grown in a sugarcane bagasse extract medium: modelling optimal conditions using response surface methodology (rsm) and inhibition kinetics.single and binary effects of dye basic violet 3 and heavy metals, 'namely', pb(ii) and cd(ii), were investigated for their role in dye and heavy metal bioaccumulation by candida tropicalis that was grown in a sugarcane bagasse extract medium containing 8 g/l, 16 g/l or 24 g/l of sugar. the optimum ph was found to be 4.0 in the single system and 5.0 in the binary system. a central composite design was successfully used to analyse the experimental results. four numerical correlations that were fit ...201021215516
heat shock modulates phosphorylation status and activity of nucleoside diphosphate kinase in cultured sugarcane cells.nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndpk) is involved in the regeneration of nucleoside triphosphates (ntps) through its phosphotransferase activity via an autophosphorylating histidine residue. additionally, autophosphorylation of serine and/or threonine residues is documented for ndpks from various organisms. however, the metabolic significance of serine/threonine phosphorylation has not been well characterized. in this study we report the cloning and characterization of ndpki from cultured sugarca ...201020821213
genetic and phenotypic diversity of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from sugarcane plants growing in pakistan.bacteria were isolated from roots of sugarcane varieties grown in the fields of punjab. they were identified by using api20e/ne bacterial identification kits and from sequences of 16s rrna and amplicons of the cpn60 gene. the majority of bacteria were found to belong to the genera of enterobacter, pseudomonas, and klebsiella, but members of genera azospirillum, rhizobium, rahnella, delftia, caulobacter, pannonibacter, xanthomonas, and stenotrophomonas were also found. the community, however, was ...201021193815
genomic evidence of intraspecific recombination in sugarcane mosaic virus.the sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) of the genus potyvirus, which primarily affects maize, sugarcane, sorghum, abaca, and grasses, occurs worldwide and causes significant economic loss. using the full genome sequences of scmv and several recombination detection methods, in this study we report that recombination is the major driving force in the evolution and emergence of several new variants of scmv. we reported eight highly significant (p < 0.001) recombination break points, majority of which ar ...201021193953
prevalence of plasmid mediated pesticide resistant bacterial assemblages in crop fields.three crop fields namely paddy sugarcane and tomato exposed to bavistin [methyl (1h-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbomate], monocrotophos[dimethyl(e)-1-methyl-2-(methyl-carbamoyl) vinyl phosphate] and kinado plus [(ez)-2-chloro-3-dimethoxyphosphinoyloxy-x1, x1-diethylbut-2-enamide], respectively were chosen for the present investigation to know the bacterial population and degradation of pesticides. the chemical nature of the soil and water samples from the pesticide contaminated fields was analysed alon ...201021506482
ammonium carboxylate production from sugarcane trash using long-term air-lime pretreatment followed by mixed-culture fermentation.sugarcane trash (st) was converted to ammonium carboxylates using a novel bioprocessing strategy known as long-term air-lime pretreatment/mixed-culture fermentation. at mild conditions (50°c, 5 weeks, 1-atm air, and excess lime loading of 0.4 g ca(oh)(2)/(g dry biomass)), air-lime pretreatment of st had moderate delignification (64.4%) with little loss in polysaccharides. without employing detoxification, sterility, expensive nutrients, or costly enzymes, the feedstock (80% treated st/20% chicke ...201021232948
effects of the level of sugarcane molasses on growth and carcass performance of caribbean growing pigs reared under a ground sugarcane stalks feeding system.the influence of the level of sugarcane (sc) molasses on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in creole (cr) growing pigs fed with ground sugarcane stalks (gcs)-based diet was studied in a mixed farming system context. the aim of the study was to optimize the growth performance of cr pigs with sc-molasses as an energy source in this unconventional feeding. a total of 32 cr pigs were used from 30 to 60 kg of body weight (bw). the experimental dietary treatments consisted of four l ...201019544006
isolation, expression and functional analysis of a putative rna-dependent rna polymerase gene from maize (zea mays l.).rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps) in plants have been reported to be involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) and antiviral defense. in this report, an rdrp gene from maize (zmrdrp1) was obtained by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) and rt-pcr. the mrna of zmrdrp1 was composed of 3785 nucleotides, including a 167 nt 5' untranslated region (utr), a 291 nt 3'utr and a 3327 nt open reading frame (orf), which encodes a putative protein of 1108 amino acids with an estimated mo ...201019685166
fermentation of sugarcane bagasse and chicken manure to calcium carboxylates under thermophilic conditions.sugarcane bagasse and chicken manure were anaerobically fermented to carboxylic acids using a mixed culture of marine microorganisms at 55 degrees c. using the mixalco process--an example of consolidated bioprocessing--the resulting carboxylate salts can be converted to mixed alcohol fuels or gasoline. to enhance digestibility, sugarcane bagasse was lime pretreated with 0.1 g ca(oh)(2)/g dry biomass at 100 degrees c for 2 h. four-stage countercurrent fermentation of 80% sugarcane bagasse/20% chi ...201019711199
acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse for lactic acid production.in order to use sugarcane bagasse as a substrate for lactic acid production, optimum conditions for acid hydrolysis of the bagasse were investigated. after lignin extraction, the conditions were varied in terms of hydrochloric (hcl) or sulfuric (h(2)so(4)) concentration (0.5-5%, v/v), reaction time (1-5h) and incubation temperature (90-120 degrees c). the maximum catalytic efficiency (e) was 10.85 under the conditions of 0.5% of hcl at 100 degrees c for 5h, which the main components (in gl(-1)) ...201019766480
ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate using pichia stipitis.the objective of this study was to evaluate the ethanol production from the sugars contained in the sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate with the yeast pichia stipitis dsm 3651. the fermentations were carried out in 250-ml erlenmeyers with 100 ml of medium incubated at 200 rpm and 30 degrees c for 120 h. the medium was composed by raw (non-detoxified) hydrolysate or by hydrolysates detoxified by ph alteration followed by active charcoal adsorption or by adsorption into ion-exchange resin ...201019802721
the water-deficit stress- and red-rot-related genes in sugarcane.sugarcane is an important international commodity as a valuable agricultural crop especially in developing countries. sequencing was carried out to generate >35,000 expressed sequence tags (ests) from healthy as well as red-rot-infected tissue of indian subtropical variety of sugarcane. subsequent clustering with existing sugarcane ests in public databases identified 4,087 clusters, including 85 clusters that preferentially express upon colletotrichum falcatum (red-rot) infection, which were pre ...201019809842
kinetics of growth and enhanced sophorolipids production by candida bombicola using a low-cost fermentative medium.in this study, effect of various parameters on sophorolipid (sl) production by the yeast candida bombicola was investigated for the enhancing of its production by employing l18 orthogonal array design of experiments. at optimum conditions of sugarcane molasses 50 g l(-1), soybean oil 50 g l(-1), inoculum size 5% (v/v), temperature 30 degrees c, inoculum age 2 days, and agitation 200 rpm, the yeast produced almost equal amounts of the product in batch shake flasks and in a 3-l fermentor without a ...201019834651
knowledge, perceptions and practices of farming communities on linkages between malaria and agriculture in mvomero district, tanzania.this study was carried out to determine knowledge, perceptions and practices of farming communities on linkages between agriculture and malaria in mvomero district in tanzania. a total of 661 adult males and females were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. most respondents (85.6%) were engaged in crop production. significantly, a larger proportion (55.2%) of the respondents had primary school education (p<0.001). majority (88.2%) respondents described malaria as the most important publ ...201019854143
adverse health effects due to arsenic exposure: modification by dietary supplementation of jaggery in mice.populations of villages of eastern india and bangladesh and many other parts of the world are exposed to arsenic mainly through drinking water. due to non-availability of safe drinking water they are compelled to depend on arsenic-contaminated water. generally, poverty level is high in those areas and situation is compounded by the lack of proper nutrition. the hypothesis that the deleterious health effects of arsenic can be prevented by modification of dietary factors with the availability of a ...201019874834
ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse by zymomonas mobilis using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) process.considerable efforts have been made to utilize agricultural and forest residues as biomass feedstock for the production of second-generation bioethanol as an alternative fuel. fermentation utilizing strains of zymomonas mobilis and the use of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) process has been proposed. statistical experimental design was used to optimize the conditions of ssf, evaluating solid content, enzymatic load, and cell concentration. the optimum conditions were found t ...201019876607
cellulases from penicillium funiculosum: production, properties and application to cellulose hydrolysis.the objective of this work is to investigate the utilization of two abundant agricultural residues in brazil for the production and application of cellulolytic enzymes. different materials obtained after pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse, as well as pure synthetic substrates, were considered for cellulase production by penicillium funiculosum. the best results for fpase (354 u l(-1)) and beta-glucosidase (1,835 u l(-1)) production were observed when sugarcane bagasse partially delignified cellul ...201019902281
variant cry1ia toxins generated by dna shuffling are active against sugarcane giant borer.sugarcane giant borer (telchin licus licus) is a serious sugarcane pest in americas whose endophytic lifestyle hampers effective chemical and biological controls. therefore, development of alternative control methods is extremely important. envisaging development of transgenic plants resistant to this pest, we investigated the effect of the bacillus thuringiensis cry protein cry1ia12synth (truncated protein lacking c-terminus with plant codon usage) and variants against t. l. licus. cry1ia12synt ...201019931577
the potential impacts of biomass feedstock production on water resource availability.biofuels are a major topic of global interest and technology development. whereas bioenergy crop production is highly dependent on water, bioenergy development requires effective allocation and management of water. the objectives of this investigation were to assess the bioenergy production relative to the impacts on water resource related factors: (1) climate and weather impact on water supplies for biomass production; (2) water use for major bioenergy crop production; and (3) potential alterna ...201019939667
multicomponent cellulase production by cellulomonas biazotea ncim-2550 and its applications for cellulosic biohydrogen production.among four cellulolytic microorganisms examined, cellulomonas biazotea ncim-2550 can grow on various cellulosic substrates and produce reducing sugar. the activity of cellulases (endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and cellobiase), xylanase, amylase, and lignin class of enzymes produced by c. biazotea was mainly present extracellularly and the enzyme production was dependent on cellulosic substrates (carboxymethyl cellulose [cmc], sugarcane bagasse [scb], and xylan) used for growth. effects of physicoc ...201019941342
mathematical modeling of kluyveromyces marxianus growth in solid-state fermentation using a packed-bed bioreactor.this work investigated the growth of kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571 in solid-state fermentation in a medium composed of sugarcane bagasse, molasses, corn steep liquor and soybean meal within a packed-bed bioreactor. seven experimental runs were carried out to evaluate the effects of flow rate and inlet air temperature on the following microbial rates: cell mass production, total reducing sugar and oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide and ethanol production, metabolic heat and water generation ...201020035365
laccase production by aspergillus heteromorphus using distillery spent wash and lignocellulosic biomass.laccase is among the major enzymes which plays an important role in ligninolytic system of fungi. laccase production by aspergillus heteromorphus was studied using anaerobically treated distillery spent wash (adsw) and lignocellulosic biomass. lignocellulosic biomass (rice straw, wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse) generated during biomass processing leads to solid waste and distillery spent wash is unwanted liquid waste produced by distilleries, both causes environmental pollution. two mineral m ...201020036461
selection system and co-cultivation medium are important determinants of agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sugarcane.a reproducible method for transformation of sugarcane using various strains of agrobacterium tumefaciens (a. tumefaciens) (agl0, agl1, eha105 and lba4404) has been developed. the selection system and co-cultivation medium were the most important factors determining the success of transformation and transgenic plant regeneration. plant regeneration at a frequency of 0.8-4.8% occurred only when callus was transformed with a. tumefaciens carrying a newly constructed superbinary plasmid containing n ...201020041254
consolidated bioprocessing of sugarcane bagasse and chicken manure to ammonium carboxylates by a mixed culture of marine microorganisms.the mixalco process, an example of consolidated bioprocessing (cbp), was utilized for anaerobic fermentation of 80% lime-treated sugarcane bagasse/20% chicken manure at 55 degrees celsius by a mixed culture of marine microorganisms. nh(4)hco(3) was recommended by this study to replace caco(3) buffer to neutralize the produced carboxylic acids. the resulting ammonium carboxylates can be converted to gasoline or mixed alcohol fuels by downstream processing. four-stage countercurrent fermentations ...201020044250
solid state fermentation for extracellular polysaccharide production by lactobacillus confusus with coconut water and sugar cane juice as renewable wastes.extracellular polysaccharide (eps) production by lactobacillus confusus in liquid and solid state fermentation was carried out using coconut water and sugarcane juice as renewable wastes. high concentrations of eps of 62 (sugarcane juice) and 18 g/l of coconut water were produced in solid state fermentation when nitrogen sources were reduced 5-fold from the original medium.201020139601
indirect land-use changes can overcome carbon savings from biofuels in brazil.the planned expansion of biofuel plantations in brazil could potentially cause both direct and indirect land-use changes (e.g., biofuel plantations replace rangelands, which replace forests). in this study, we use a spatially explicit model to project land-use changes caused by that expansion in 2020, assuming that ethanol (biodiesel) production increases by 35 (4) x 10(9) liter in the 2003-2020 period. our simulations show that direct land-use changes will have a small impact on carbon emission ...201020142492
sacralf1, a peptide signal from the grass sugarcane (saccharum spp.), is potentially involved in the regulation of tissue expansion.rapid alkalinization factor (ralf) is part of a growing family of small peptides with hormone characteristics in plants. initially isolated from leaves of tobacco plants, ralf peptides can be found throughout the plant kingdom and they are expressed ubiquitously in plants. we took advantage of the small gene family size of ralf genes in sugarcane and the ordered cellular growth of the grass sugarcane leaves to gain information about the function of ralf peptides in plants. here we report the iso ...201020148351
genetic and physical fine mapping of scmv2, a potyvirus resistance gene in maize.sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) is an important virus pathogen both in european and chinese maize production, causing serious losses in grain and forage yield in susceptible cultivars. two major resistance loci confer resistance to scmv, one located on chromosome 3 (scmv2) and one on chromosome 6 (scmv1). we developed a large isogenic mapping population segregating in the scmv2, but not the scmv1 region, to minimize genetic variation potentially affecting expression of scmv resistance. we fine map ...201020155410
effect of lime pre-treatment on the synergistic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse by hemicellulases.agricultural crop wastes are typically lignocellulosic in composition and thus partially recalcitrant to enzymatic degradation. the recalcitrant nature of plant biomass and the inability to obtain complete enzymatic hydrolysis has led to the establishment of various pre-treatment strategies. alkaline pre-treatments increase the accessibility of the exposed surface to enzymatic hydrolysis through the removal of acetyl and uronic acid substituents on hemicelluloses. unlike the use of steam and aci ...201020156678
complete nucleotide sequence and taxonomy of sugarcane streak mosaic virus, member of a novel genus in the family potyviridae.the complete genomic sequence of a pakistani isolate of sugarcane streak mosaic virus (scsmv-pak) is determined to be 9782 nucleotides in length, excluding the 3' poly(a) tail, and it comprises a large open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3130 amino acid residues. the deduced polyprotein is likely to be cleaved at nine putative protease sites by three viral proteases to ten mature proteins. conserved motifs of orthologous proteins of other potyviruses are identified in corresponding posi ...201020162446
production of cellulolytic enzymes by fungi acrophialophora nainiana and ceratocystis paradoxa using different carbon sources.although a number of filamentous fungi, such as trichoderma and aspergillus, are well known as producers of cellulases, xylanases, and accessory cellulolytic enzymes, the search for new strains and new enzymes has become a priority with the increase in diversity of biomass sources. moreover, according to the type of pretreatment applied, biomass of the same type may require different enzyme blends to be efficiently hydrolyzed. this study evaluated cellulases, xylanases, and beta-glucosidases pro ...201020174889
genetic transformation and pyramiding of aprotinin-expressing sugarcane with cry1ab for shoot borer (chilo infuscatellus) resistance.we evaluated the insecticidal toxicity of cry1aa, cry1ab and cry1ac toxins against neonate larvae of sugarcane shoot borer chilo infuscatellus snellen (lepidoptera: crambidae) in vitro on diet surface. with the lowest lc(50) value, cry1ab emerged as the most effective among the three toxins. sugarcane cultivars co 86032 and coj 64 were transformed with cry1ab gene driven by maize ubiquitin promoter through particle bombardment and agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems. gene pyramiding wa ...201020179936
diversity of endophytic bacteria in brazilian sugarcane.endophytic bacteria live inside plant tissues without causing disease. studies of endophytes in sugarcane have focused on the isolation of diazotrophic bacteria. we examined the diversity of endophytic bacteria in the internal tissues of sugarcane stems and leaves, using molecular and biochemical methods. potato-agar medium was used to cultivate the endophytes; 32 isolates were selected for analysis. dna was extracted and the 16s rrna gene was partially sequenced and used for molecular identific ...201020198580
effect of different tannery sludge compost amendment rates on growth, biomass accumulation and yield responses of capsicum plants.composting has been recognized as one of the most cost effective and environmentally sound alternatives for organic wastes recycling from long and composted wastes have a potential to substitute inorganic fertilizers. we investigated the potential of composted tannery sludge for ornamental purposes and to examine the effects of two different composts and concentrations on ornamental capsicum growth. the two composts were produced with tannery sludge and the composition of each compost was: compo ...201020359878
detecting sugarcane yellow leaf virus infection in asymptomatic leaves with hyperspectral remote sensing and associated leaf pigment changes.sugarcane infected with sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) rarely produces visual symptoms until late in the growing season. high-resolution, hyperspectral reflectance data from scylv-infected and non-infected leaves of two cultivars, lcp 85-384 and ho 95-988, were measured and analyzed on 13 july, 12 october, and 4 november 2005. all plants were asymptomatic. infection was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) analysis. results from discriminant analysis showed ...201020362003
arthrobacter sp. strain ku001 isolated from a thai soil degrades atrazine in the presence of inorganic nitrogen sources.an atrazine degrading bacterium, strain ku001, was obtained from a sugarcane field at the cane and sugar research and development center at the kasetsart university, kamphaeng saen campus, thailand. strain ku001 had a rod-to-coccus morphological cycle during growth. biolog carbon source analysis indicated that the isolated bacterium was arthrobacter histidinolovorans. sequence analysis of pcr product indicated the 16s rrna gene in strain ku001 was 99% identical to the same region in arthrobacter ...201020372034
population genetics of eldana saccharina walker (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and the implications for management using biocontrol.the african sugarcane stalk borer, eldona saccharina walker (lepidoptera: pyralidae), is widely distributed throughout sub-saharan africa and is an important insect pest of maize and sugarcane. the insect shows significant variation in behaviour, host plant and natural enemy guild in different regions. several attempts to redistribute the natural enemies of e. saccharina from west africa to south africa were unsuccessful. the significant behavioural, host plant and natural enemy variations as we ...201021539263
within-field damage and distribution patterns of the stalk borer, eldana saccharina (lepidoptera: pyralidae), in sugarcane and a comparison with nematode damage.the occurrence of eldana saccharina (lepidoptera: pyralidae) was monitored in grids represented by plots in 12 nematicide trials in south african sugarcane fields. the trials encompassed a total of eight plant cane crops and 22 ratoon crops and were situated within commercial cane fields. several measurements were made to characterize the damage caused by e. saccharina. these included the number of internodes per stalk, the percentage of internodes damaged and the percentage of stalks damaged. t ...201019860988
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