Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| using tea as an artificial urine in a canadian performance testing program for fission/activation products. | in recent years, the national calibration reference centre for bioassay and in vivo monitoring (ncrc) at the radiation protection bureau (rpb), health canada, has been conducting investigations with black tea to develop a matrix that can be used to replace urine in each of the following performance testing programs (ptp): (1) tritium, (2) carbon-14, (3) the dual (i.e., 3h/14c), and (4) fission/activation products (f/ap). a 1% tea solution with thimerosal, which had worked successfully for tritiu ... | 2014 | 25353238 |
| black tea increased survival of caenorhabditis elegans under stress. | the present study examined the effects of black tea (camellia sinensis) extracts (bte) in caenorhabditis elegans under various abiotic stressors. results showed bte increased nematode resistance to osmosis, heat, and uv irradiation treatments. however, bte could not increase nematodes' lifespan under normal culture conditions and mncl2-induced toxicity at concentrations we used. further studies showed that bte decreased reactive oxygen species and up-regulated some antioxidant enzymes, including ... | 2014 | 25345740 |
| calciphytoliths (calcium oxalate crystals) analysis for the identification of decayed tea plants (camellia sinensis l.). | the history of tea is poorly known, mainly due to the questionable identification of decayed tea plants in archaeological samples. this paper attempts to test the utility of calciphytoliths (calcium oxalate crystals) for the identification of tea in archaeological samples. it provides the first survey of the macropatterns of calciphytoliths in several species of theaceae and common non-theaceae plants. crystals were extracted from 45 samples of tea, theaceae and common non-theaceae plants, and d ... | 2014 | 25342006 |
| a biochemical study on ameliorative effect of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract against contrast media induced acute kidney injury. | reactive oxygen species have been shown to be mediators of kidney injury and green tea polyphenols are potent-free radical scavengers. | 2014 | 25340167 |
| intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. | the impact of different dietary flavonoid subclasses on risk of epithelial ovarian cancer is unclear, with limited previous studies that have focused on only a few compounds. | 2014 | 25332332 |
| identification and characterization of cold-responsive micrornas in tea plant (camellia sinensis) and their targets using high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis. | micrornas (mirnas) are approximately 19 ~ 21 nucleotide noncoding rnas produced by dicer-catalyzed excision from stem-loop precursors. many plant mirnas have critical functions in development, nutrient homeostasis, abiotic stress responses, and pathogen responses via interaction with specific target mrnas. camellia sinensis is one of the most important commercial beverage crops in the world. however, mirnas associated with cold stress tolerance in c. sinensis remains unexplored. the use of high- ... | 2014 | 25330732 |
| de novo assembly and transcriptome characterization: novel insights into catechins biosynthesis in camellia sinensis. | tea is a popular natural non-alcoholic beverage consumed worldwide due to its bioactive ingredients, particularly catechins (flavan-3-ols). catechins not only contribute to tea quality but also serve important functions in the anti-stress regulation of secondary metabolic pathways. however, the percentages of various catechins are different among tea plant [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] cultivars. this study aimed to elucidate the biosynthetic mechanism of catechins. transcriptomes from leaf ... | 2014 | 25316555 |
| green tea extract and the risk of drug-induced liver injury. | catechins of green tea extract (gte) have been associated with the rare risk of hepatotoxicity in a few individuals. as gte were coadministered with synthetic drugs in some hepatotoxicity cases, uncertainty emerged whether gte are a risk factor of drug-induced liver injury (dili). | 2014 | 25316200 |
| [the effects of lifestyle factors on the incidence of central obesity in chinese adults aged 35-74 years]. | to understand the incidence of central obesity and its characteristics, and explore the effects of lifestyle factors on incidence of central obesity in chinese adults aged 35-74 years. | 2014 | 25312565 |
| analytical strategy coupled with response surface methodology to maximize the extraction of antioxidants from ternary mixtures of green, yellow, and red teas (camellia sinensis var. sinensis). | this work aimed at using a simplex-centroid design to model the effects of green, yellow, and red tea mixtures (camellia sinensis var. sinensis) on metal chelation activity, phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, and instrumental taste profile. the regression models that described the extraction of flavan-3-ols, o-diphenols, total phenolic compounds (tpc), free radical scavenging activity toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (dpph), cupric ion reducing antioxidant activity (cuprac), ... | 2014 | 25270398 |
| optimization of a dna nicking assay to evaluate oenocarpus bataua and camellia sinensis antioxidant capacity. | this study was aimed at assessing the dna damage protective activity of different types of extracts (aqueous, methanolic and acetonic) using an in vitro dna nicking assay. several parameters were optimized using the puc18 plasmid, especially feso4, edta, solvent concentrations and incubation time. special attention has been paid to removing the protective and damaging effect of the solvent and feso4 respectively, as well as to identifying the relevant positive and negative controls. for each sol ... | 2014 | 25302614 |
| ginseng, green tea or fibrate: valid options for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis prevention? | panax ginseng, camellia sinensis and bezafibrate were compared for their lipid-lowering, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as potential agents to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. | 2014 | 25296088 |
| survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in teas and herbal teas on the swiss market using hplc-ms/ms. | pyrrolizidine alkaloids (pas) are a large class of natural compounds amongst which the esterified 1,2-unsaturated necine base is toxic for humans and livestock. in the present study, a method was developed and validated for the screening and quantification of nine pas and one pa n-oxide in teas (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) and herbal teas (camomile, fennel, linden, mint, rooibos, verbena). samples were analysed by hplc on a rp-column, packed with sub-2 μm core-shell particles, and quantifi ... | 2014 | 25286874 |
| effects of extreme climate events on tea (camellia sinensis) functional quality validate indigenous farmer knowledge and sensory preferences in tropical china. | climate change is impacting agro-ecosystems, crops, and farmer livelihoods in communities worldwide. while it is well understood that more frequent and intense climate events in many areas are resulting in a decline in crop yields, the impact on crop quality is less acknowledged, yet it is critical for food systems that benefit both farmers and consumers through high-quality products. this study examines tea (camellia sinensis; theaceae), the world's most widely consumed beverage after water, as ... | 2014 | 25286362 |
| effect of oxidative phytochemicals on nicotine-stressed umnsah/df-1 cell line. | nicotine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (solanaceae) and is a cholinergic drug. it acts directly by stimulating the nicotinic or muscarinic receptors or indirectly by inhibiting cholinesterase, promoting acetylcholine release, or by other mechanisms. 3% of tobacco or one cigarette yields 1 mg of nicotine. as nicotine enters the body, it disturbs the healthy functioning of the body. in this study, we isolated umnsah/df-1 cell line from gallus gallus. fo ... | 2014 | 24860736 |
| spectrophotometric evaluation of dental bleaching under orthodontic bracket in enamel and dentin. | aware of the diffusion capacity of bleaching in the dental tissues, many orthodontists are subjecting their patients to dental bleaching during orthodontic treatment for esthetic purposes or to anticipate the exchange of esthetic restorations after the orthodontic treatment. for this purpose specific products have been developed in pre-loaded whitening trays designed to fit over and around brackets and wires, with clinical efficacy proven. | 2014 | 25593650 |
| effect of hydro-alcoholic root extract of plumbago zeylanica l alone and its combination with aqueous leaf extract of camellia sinensis on haloperidol induced parkinsonism in wistar rats. | herbal medicines have been used to treat pd in ancient medical systems in asian countries such as india, china, japan and korea based on their own anecdotal or experience-based theories. mucuna pruriens commonly known asvelvet beans, or cow itch, are used in case of spasms associated with parkinsonism. | 2014 | 25206060 |
| investigation of processes in black tea manufacture through model fermentation (oxidation) experiments. | flavanol depleted whole fresh green tea leaf powder, as reported in the literature, was used as matrix for a systematic study of the endogenous oxidative enzymatic conversion of selected flavanol combinations to theaflavins and thearubigins. the activity of the two crucial enzymes polyphenol oxidase (ppo) and peroxidase (pod) was controlled individually through addition of h2o2 and/or o2. using the endogenous peroxidase only it was shown that (-)-epicatechin alone did not react with pod. accordi ... | 2014 | 25051300 |
| viscosity differences between thickened beverages suitable for elderly patients with dysphagia. | dysphagia has been associated with a high risk of undernutrition and aspiration pneumonia in the elderly. it is commonly managed by adding commercial thickening agents to thicken liquids. the rheological behavior of these thickeners in water is known but there is lack of information with regard to other liquids. the aim of this study was to determine the viscosity of 11 beverages after adding commercial thickeners and to compare their viscosity with that of thickened water and also with the refe ... | 2014 | 24842337 |
| slow release of plant volatiles using sol-gel dispensers. | the black citrus aphid, also known as the tea aphid, (toxoptera aurantii boyer) attacks economically important crops, including tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze). in the current study, silica sol-gel formulations were screened to find one that could carry and release c. sinensis plant volatiles to lure black citrus aphids in a greenhouse. the common plant volatile trans-2-hexen-1-al was used as a model molecule to screen for suitable sol-gel formulations. a znose (electronic sensor technolo ... | 2014 | 26470065 |
| effect of plant extracts on h2o2-induced inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. | arctium lappa (al), camellia sinensis (cs), echinacea angustifolia, eleutherococcus senticosus, panax ginseng (pg), and vaccinium myrtillus (vm) are plants traditionally used in many herbal formulations for the treatment of various conditions. although they are well known and already studied for their anti-inflammatory properties, their effects on h2o2-stimulated macrophages are a novel area of study. | 2014 | 25075197 |
| determination of trace and heavy metals in some commonly used medicinal herbs in ayurveda. | traditionally, the herbal drugs are well established for their therapeutic benefits. depending upon their geographical sources sometimes the trace and heavy metals' content may differ, which may lead to severe toxicity. so, the toxicological and safety assessment of these herbal drugs are one of the major issues in recent days. eight different plant species including aloe vera, centella asiatica, calendula officinalis, cucumis sativus, camellia sinensis, clitoria ternatea, piper betel and tagete ... | 2014 | 23222691 |
| warfarin interactions with medicinal herbs. | recognition of the adverse effects of medicinal herbs is not routine and the reports on such effects are even less frequent in clinical practice. potential herb-drug interactions are of a major safety concern, especially for drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like warfarin, which can lead to severe adverse reactions that are sometimes life-threatening. the interactions between warfarin and medicinal herbs described in the literature have been summarized in this paper relying on medline databa ... | 2014 | 25233607 |
| immunity: plants as effective mediators. | in the domain of nutrition, exploring the diet-health linkages is major area of research. the outcomes of such interventions led to widespread acceptance of functional and nutraceutical foods; however, augmenting immunity is a major concern of dietary regimens. indeed, the immune system is incredible arrangement of specific organs and cells that enabled humans to carry out defense against undesired responses. its proper functionality is essential to maintain the body homeostasis. array of plants ... | 2014 | 24564587 |
| assessment of bioautography and spot screening of tlc of green tea (camellia) plant extracts as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. | this study was carried out as a prerequisite to evaluate the therapeutic potential of camellia varieties. the crude extracts of six different plants of green tea camellia assamica and camellia sinensis were tested against three gram-positive and four gram-negative bacteria using agar disk diffusion method at 50 mg/ml concentration. 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and diphenyl-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium free radical scavenging methods were performed to evaluate the ... | 2014 | 25284935 |
| the effects of regular hot black tea consumption on nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | this study aims to evaluate the possible relationship between oral consumption of hot black tea and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) nasal carriage in a mid-sized town population in central anatolia. | 2014 | 25010803 |
| functional analysis of flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase from tea plant (camellia sinensis): critical role in the accumulation of catechins. | flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (f3'5'h), an important branch point enzyme in tea plant flavan-3-ol synthesis, belongs to the cyp75a subfamily and catalyzes the conversion of flavones, flavanones, dihydroflavonols and flavonols into 3',4',5'-hydroxylated derivatives. however, whether b-ring hydroxylation occurs at the level of flavanones and/or dihydroflavonols, in vivo remains unknown. | 2014 | 25490984 |
| metabolic engineering of saccharomyces cerevisiae for caffeine and theobromine production. | caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) and theobromine (3, 7-dimethylxanthine) are the major purine alkaloids in plants, e.g., tea (camellia sinensis) and coffee (coffea arabica). caffeine is a major component of coffee and is used widely in food and beverage industries. most of the enzymes involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway have been reported previously. here, we demonstrated the biosynthesis of caffeine (0.38 mg/l) by co-expression of coffea arabica xanthosine methyltransferase (caxmt ... | 2014 | 25133732 |
| bioconversion of wastewater from sweet potato starch production to paenibacillus polymyxa biofertilizer for tea plants. | wastewater from the sweet potato starch industry is a large source of nutrient-rich substrates. we assessed whether this wastewater could be used to produce paenibacillus polymyxa biofertilizer for foliar application to tea trees. using the central composite design methods we experientially determined that the optimal culture conditions for p. polymyxa were ph, 6.5; temperature, 29.0 °c; and incubation time, 16 h. under these conditions, a maximum biomass of 9.7 × 10(9) cfu/ml was achieved. we t ... | 2014 | 24576979 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of camellia sinensis extract against cariogenic microorganisms. | dental caries, a ubiquitous multifactorial infectious disease, is primarily caused by microorganisms like streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophilus. use of antimicrobials is an important strategy to curb cariogenic microorganisms. | 2014 | 25538470 |
| in vitro evaluation of antagonism of endophytic colletotrichum gloeosporioides against potent fungal pathogens of camellia sinensis. | an endophytic fungus isolated from camellia sinensis, assam, northeastern india was identified as colletotrichum gloeosporioides on the basis of morphological characteristics and rdna its analysis. this endophytic fungus was evaluated for growth inhibition against tea pathogens pestalotiopsis theae and colletotrichum camelliae. one isolate of c. gloeosporioides showed strong antagonistic activity against pestalotiopsis theae (64 %) and moderate activity against c. camelliae (37 %). fifty percent ... | 2014 | 24891737 |
| antiradical and tea polyphenol-stabilizing ability of functional fermented soymilk-tea beverage. | this study examined the potential of two-step fermentation to preserve tps in functional soy-tea beverage. fermented soymilk-tea (fst) was produced by culturing streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and bifidobacterium longum in soymilk supplemented with tea extract (te). total phenolic content (tpc) and anti-radical activities were determined for fsts and fermented soymilk (fs). a hplc method was employed to quantify nine major tea phenolics in fst products. tpc ... | 2014 | 24731340 |
| occurrence of glycosidically conjugated 1-phenylethanol and its hydrolase β-primeverosidase in tea (camellia sinensis) flowers. | a previous study found that 1-phenylethanol (1pe) was a major endogenous volatile compound in tea (camellia sinensis) flowers and can be transformed to glycosically conjugated 1pe (1pe-gly). however, occurrences of 1pe-gly in plants remain unknown. in this study, four 1pe-glys have been isolated from tea flowers. three of them were determined as (r)-1pe β-d-glucopyranoside ((r)-1pe-glu), (s)-1pe-glu, and (s)-1pe β-primeveroside ((s)-1pe-pri), respectively, on the basis of nmr, ms, lc-ms, and gc- ... | 2014 | 25065942 |
| a stress-responsive late embryogenesis abundant protein 7 (cslea7) of tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] encodes for a chaperone that imparts tolerance to escherichia coli against stresses. | the present study characterized cslea7, a group 7 late embryogenesis abundant (lea) gene, from tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. the gene had an open reading frame of 462 base pairs encoding 153 amino acids with calculated molecular weight of 16.63 kda and an isoelectric point (pi) of 4.93. analysis revealed cslea7 to be an intrinsically ordered protein consisting of nine β-strands and two α-helices. cslea7 expressed ubiquitously in all the tissues analyzed with highest level of transcript ... | 2014 | 25052187 |
| evaluation of the potential nephroprotective and antimicrobial effect of camellia sinensis leaves versus hibiscus sabdariffa (in vivo and in vitro studies). | green tea and hibiscus are widely consumed as traditional beverages in yemen and some regional countries. they are relatively cheap and the belief is that they improve health state and cure many diseases. the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential protective and antibacterial activity of these two famous plants in vitro through measuring their antibacterial activity and in vivo through measuring nonenzymatic kidney markers dysfunction after induction of nephrotoxicity by gentamicin. gra ... | 2014 | 24949007 |
| administration of a novel plant extract product via drinking water to post-weaning piglets: effects on performance and gut health. | the present study evaluated the effects of a novel plant extract (pe) product (grazixtm) on the performance and gut health of weaned piglets challenged with escherichia coli. the pe was a standardised mixture of green tea leaves (camellia sinensis) and pomegranate fruit (punica granatum) obtained by using the livextract™ process. a total of 144 piglets were weaned at 24 days and allocated to 8 for a 35-day experiment with a 2×2×2 factorial design comparing different treatments (water without pro ... | 2014 | 24739350 |
| medicinal plant extracts can variously modify biofilm formation in escherichia coli. | low concentrations of black tea and water extracts from medicinal plants arctostaphylos uva-ursi, vaccinium vitis-idaea, tilia cordata, betula pendula and zea mays stimulated biofilm formation in escherichia coli bw25113 up to three times. similar effect was observed for tannic acid and low concentrations of quercetin. in contrast, the extract from urtica dioica reduced biofilm production. pretreatment with plant extracts variously modified antibiotic effects on specific biofilm formation (sbf). ... | 2014 | 24500005 |
| medicinal plant extracts variously modulate susceptibility of escherichia coli to different antibiotics. | antioxidant activity of green and black tea and extracts of medicinal plants and their ability to modulate antibiotic susceptibility in escherichia coli were studied. among a number of extracts tested the maximal capacity to scavenge dpph radicals and chelate iron in chemical tests was found in green and black tea, arctostaphylos uva-ursi and vaccinium vitis-idaea. these extracts contained high level of polyphenols and in aerobic conditions exhibited prooxidant features, producing h2o2 and induc ... | 2014 | 23916388 |
| 8-c n-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone substituted flavan-3-ols as the marker compounds of chinese dark teas formed in the post-fermentation process provide significant antioxidative activity. | phytochemical investigation of the aqueous extract of pu-erh tea afforded eight novel 8-c n-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone substituted flavan-3-ols (puerins i-viii) by (1)h, (13)c, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (hplc-dad-esi/ms) analysis. comparative chemical analysis of green tea, black tea and chinese dark teas confirmed that these compounds were the marker compounds of ... | 2014 | 24444972 |
| bioactive metabolites from the endophytic fungus alternaria alternata. | two altenuene derivatives (1-2) and one isocoumarin (3), together with six known compounds (4-9) were isolated from solid cultures of an endophytic fungus alternaria alternata, obtained from the fresh branches of camellia sinensis. chiral analysis revealed the racemic nature of 1 and 2, which were subsequently resolved into two pairs of enantiomers [(+)-1 and (-)-1, (+)-2 and (-)-2]. structures of all the isolates were identified through spectroscopic data. absolute configurations of the two pai ... | 2014 | 25261763 |
| antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the beverage obtained by fermentation of sweetened lemon balm (melissa officinalis l.) tea with symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeasts. | kombucha is a fermented tea beverage which is traditionally prepared by fermenting sweetened black or green tea (camellia sinensis l.) with symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeasts (scoby). in this study, lemon balm (melissa officinalis l.) was used as the only nitrogen source for kombucha fermentation. during the seven-day fermentation process, ph value, titratable acidity (ta), total phenolic content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity against hydroxyl (˙oh) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-pic ... | 2014 | 27904315 |
| antioxidant effects of camellia sinensis l. extract in patients with type 2 diabetes. | the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (dm) has dramatically increased in the past decade. furthermore, increasing evidence from research shows that oxidative stress (os) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and in its complications. a search for ways to reduce oxidative damage has become the focus of interest for the majority of scientists. in this study, we determined the radical scavenging activity of single green tea constituents by using an on-line high performance liquid chrom ... | 2014 | 28911467 |
| development of sts and caps markers for variety identification and genetic diversity analysis of tea germplasm in taiwan. | tea (camellia sinensis) is an important economic crop in taiwan. particularly, two major commercial types of tea (paochong tea and oolong tea) which are produced in taiwan are famous around the world, and they must be manufactured with specific cultivars. nevertheless, many elite cultivars have been illegally introduced to foreign countries. because of the lower cost, large amount of "taiwan-type tea" are produced and imported to taiwan, causing a dramatic damage in the tea industry. it is very ... | 2014 | 28510923 |
| cloning of a new glutathione peroxidase gene from tea plant (camellia sinensis) and expression analysis under biotic and abiotic stresses. | tea plant, camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze, a well-known heavy metal hyperaccumulator, possesses a powerful tolerance to heavy metals. the heavy metal stresses lead to reactive oxygen species (ros) production, and high concentration of ros is harmful to plants. the glutathione peroxidase gene has positive function to damage induced by ros. to understand the mechanism of tolerance to deferent stresses in tea plant, a new glutathione peroxidase gene of tea plant was cloned and its expression patt ... | 2014 | 28510910 |
| catechin content and the degree of its galloylation in oolong tea are inversely correlated with cultivation altitude. | the taste quality of oolong tea generated from leaves of camellia sinensis l. cultivated in the same mountain area is positively correlated to the cultivation altitude, partly due to the inverse correlation with the astringency of the tea infusion. the astringency of oolong tea mostly results from the presence of polyphenolic compounds, mainly catechins and their derivatives. four catechins, (-)-epicatechin (ec) and (-)-epigallocatechin (egc) together with their gallate derivatives (with relativ ... | 2014 | 28911419 |
| green synthesis of iron nanoparticles by various tea extracts: comparative study of the reactivity. | iron nanoparticles (fe nps) are often synthesized using sodium borohydride with aggregation, which is a high cost process and environmentally toxic. to address these issues, fe nps were synthesized using green methods based on tea extracts, including green, oolong and black teas. the best method for degrading malachite green (mg) was fe nps synthesized by green tea extracts because it contains a high concentration of caffeine/polyphenols which act as both reducing and capping agents in the synth ... | 2014 | 24793479 |
| green tea and type 2 diabetes. | green tea and coffee consumption have been widely popular worldwide. these beverages contain caffeine to activate the central nervous system by adenosine receptor blockade, and due to the caffeine, addiction or tolerance may occur. in addition to this caffeine effect, green tea and coffee consumption have always been at the center of discussions about human health, disease, and longevity. in particular, green tea catechins are involved in many biological activities such as antioxidation and modu ... | 2014 | 28664072 |
| antimicrobial polyphenols from small tropical fruits, tea and spice oilseeds. | the polyphenolic fractions of fruits: terminalia catappa, carissa carandas, ziziphus nummularia; spice oilseeds: thymol, mustard, fenugreek and poppy seeds; and herb: green and black teas were analyzed for their total phenolics, flavonoids and antimicrobial potential. all fractions from fruits, except anthocyanin of c. carandas, displayed substantial antibacterial activity in accordance to their phenolic contents, the difference in activity being quite significant (p < 0.05), highest for t. cata ... | 2014 | 23703103 |
| determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked and non-smoked black teas and tea infusions. | this study describes the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in smoked tea and tea infusions, via the monitoring of benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene (pah4) that have been chosen as indicators for the occurrence of pahs in food by the european food safety agency. the concentrations ranged from 1.2 μg/kg for benzo(b)fluoranthene to 125.0 μg/kg for benzo(a)anthracene in smoked tea leaves, and from 0.6 μg/l for benzo(a)anthracene to 1.2 μg/l for ... | 2014 | 24128549 |
| neurobiological effects of the green tea constituent theanine and its potential role in the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. | theanine (n-ethylglutamic acid), a non-proteinaceous amino acid component of green and black teas, has received growing attention in recent years due to its reported effects on the central nervous system. it readily crosses the blood-brain barrier where it exerts a variety of neurophysiological and pharmacological effects. its most well-documented effect has been its apparent anxiolytic and calming effect due to its up-regulation of inhibitory neurotransmitters and possible modulation of seroton ... | 2014 | 23883567 |
| compositional, nutritional, and functional characteristics of instant teas produced from low- and high-quality black teas. | two types of instant teas produced from low- and high-quality black teas were examined for their proximate composition, dietary fiber, minerals, water-soluble vitamins, total phenolic content, various antioxidant assays, phenolics (flavanols, condensed phenolics, and phenolic acids), alkaloids, and carotenoids as well as taste-active compounds (sugars, organic acids, and free amino acids). some variations, albeit to different extents, were observed (p < 0.05) among these parameters between insta ... | 2013 | 23837397 |
| discrimination of sri lankan black teas using fluorescence spectroscopy and linear discriminant analysis. | the quality of teas is currently graded using trained tea tasters, whose evaluation can sometimes be subjective. in this study the simple fluorescence-based technique of total luminescence spectroscopy (tls) in conjunction with data classification using principal component analysis (pca) was applied to discriminate between teas from 11 different sri lankan plantations. solvent extraction of the tea samples was followed by tls to record excitation-emission matrices in the excitation range 250-590 ... | 2013 | 23371833 |
| the benefits and risks of consuming brewed tea: beware of toxic element contamination. | background. increasing concern is evident about contamination of foodstuffs and natural health products. methods. common off-the-shelf varieties of black, green, white, and oolong teas sold in tea bags were used for analysis in this study. toxic element testing was performed on 30 different teas by analyzing (i) tea leaves, (ii) tea steeped for 3-4 minutes, and (iii) tea steeped for 15-17 minutes. results were compared to existing preferred endpoints. results. all brewed teas contained lead with ... | 2013 | 24260033 |
| [the results of comprehensive caries prophylaxis in children under endemic goiter conditions]. | caries prevention was carried out in 800 children aged under 7 living in regions endemic for goiter. the complex of preventive measures included natrium fluoratum tablets (polfa, poland), a combination of fluoride lacquer with 3% remodent, azerbaijan black tea tincture with f, 10 mg/l, all of these combined with antistrumin, an iodine-containing drug. clinical data, enamel acid solubility values, data of microbiologic examinations of dental deposit, status of natural antibacterial defense of tis ... | 2013 | 8108830 |
| effect of black tea on (iso-)prostaglandins and platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. | flavonoids among others are found in tea. many of them were shown to exhibit antioxidative action in vitro. we examined the effect of a 1-month consumption of 500 ml black tea containing 2.0 mg quercetin. while single tea consumption 2 h after finishing the intake did not affect any of the parameters (8-epi-pgf(2 alpha) in plasma and serum, 11-dh-txb(2) and adp-induced platelet aggregation) examined at all, 1-week consumption and even more than 1 month regular tea intake significantly decreased ... | 2013 | 12144875 |
| [determination of the antimicrobial capacity of green tea (camellia sinensis) against the potentially pathogenic microorganisms escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, candida albicans and aspergillus niger]. | many studies can be found in scientific literature demonstrating the antimicrobial capacity of different herbs, including green tea. never-theless, many results are divergent or cannot be compared. several green tea formulations may be found in market, but there is scarce or non-information about its activity. in this work, the potential antimicrobial effect of 50 samples of dry green tea and in 10% infusion against escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus au ... | 2013 | 25362825 |
| anti-infective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), a component of green tea. | the consumption of green tea (camellia sinensis) has been shown to have many physiological and pharmacological health benefits. in the past two decades several studies have reported that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), the main constituent of green tea, has anti-infective properties. antiviral activities of egcg with different modes of action have been demonstrated on diverse families of viruses, such as retroviridae, orthomyxoviridae and flaviviridae and include important human pathogens lik ... | 2013 | 23072320 |
| antimicrobial activity of green tea extract against isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and multi-drug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa. | to evaluate antibacterial activity of the indonesian water soluble green tea extract, camellia sinensis, against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) (mrsa) and multi-drug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (mdr-p. aeruginosa). | 2013 | 23905026 |
| inhibitory effects of tea extract on aflatoxin production by aspergillus flavus. | aflatoxins, one of the most carcinogenic substances, have been implicated as a potential threat to the safety of tea beverages. in this study, we studied the inhibitory effects of the aqueous extracts from several chinese traditional teas, such as green tea, black tea, flower tea, raw puer tea (naturally fermented puer tea) and puer tea (inoculated puer tea), on the growth and aflatoxin production of aspergillus flavus. all the tested extracts inhibited the production of aflatoxin b1, whereas th ... | 2013 | 23573983 |
| protective effect of black tea infusion on aflatoxin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. | aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus and are potent inducers of hepatotoxicity. | 2013 | 25755469 |
| green tea as an effective antimicrobial for urinary tract infections caused by escherichia coli. | urinary tract infections (utis) are a very most common type of infection worldwide, and result in billions of dollars in medical care costs. escherichia coli is the infective agent for 80-90% of all utis. green tea, derived from leaves of the camellia sinensis plant has been shown to have various potential health benefits (e.g., cardiovascular disease and cancer). the major beneficial components of green tea have been characterized, and are now known to be polyphenolic catechins. the main catech ... | 2013 | 23785367 |
| functional characterization of proanthocyanidin pathway enzymes from tea and their application for metabolic engineering. | tea (camellia sinensis) is rich in specialized metabolites, especially polyphenolic proanthocyanidins (pas) and their precursors. to better understand the pa pathway in tea, we generated a complementary dna library from leaf tissue of the blister blight-resistant tea cultivar tri2043 and functionally characterized key enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of pa precursors. structural genes encoding enzymes involved in the general phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway and the pa-specific branch pa ... | 2013 | 23288883 |
| molecular cloning, functional analysis of three cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad) genes in the leaves of tea plant, camellia sinensis. | cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad; ec 1.1.1.195) is considered to be a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, but little was known about cads in tea plants (camellia sinensis). a full-length cdna sequence (cscad2) was isolated by suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh) in ectropis oblique feeding-induced tea plants, and another two full-length cdna sequences (cscad1 and cscad3) were obtained from a transcriptome obtained by deep sequencing. however, they showed only 20-54% identities. phylogen ... | 2013 | 23228629 |
| influence of phenolic compounds of kangra tea [camellia sinensis (l) o kuntze] on bacterial pathogens and indigenous bacterial probiotics of western himalayas. | phenolic compounds of nutraceutical importance viz., catechins (c), (-)-epicatechin (ec), (-)-epigallocatechin (egc), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ecg) were estimated in fresh green tea shoots of camellia sinensis (l) o kuntze cultivar. the total polyphenols and total catechins were in the range of 219.90 to 317.81 and 140.83 to 271.39 g/kg, respectively in monthly samples of tea. the values of c, ec, egc, egcg and ecg in tea powders as analyzed through hi ... | 2013 | 24516437 |
| effect of black tea extract on herpes simplex virus-1 infection of cultured cells. | the purpose of this investigation was to determine if black tea extract (bte), consisting primarily of flavanol compounds called theaflavins, could inhibit herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) infection in cultured a549 (human epithelial) and vero cells. | 2013 | 23777309 |
| antibacterial, antiadherence, antiprotease, and anti-inflammatory activities of various tea extracts: potential benefits for periodontal diseases. | porphyromonas gingivalis is a key etiologic agent of chronic periodontitis. this gram-negative anaerobic bacterium produces several virulence factors and can induce a host inflammatory response that contributes to periodontal disease. in the present study, we investigated green tea, white tea, oolong tea, and black tea extracts with a high polyphenol content for their effects on (i) the growth and adherence of p. gingivalis, (ii) the activity of host and bacterial proteases, and (iii) cytokine s ... | 2013 | 23631500 |
| bacterial and fungal communities in pu'er tea samples of different ages. | pu'er is a major kind of postfermented tea and is made with a "large leaf" variety of camellia sinensis (c. sinensis assamica), whose distribution is limited to the mountains of southern yunnan, china. the quality of pu'er tea is believed to increase with storage (aging, maturing) because of postfermentation by microbes. the effect of storage period (from < 1 to 192 mo) on the bacteria and fungi in pu'er tea was investigated by a culture-dependent and a pcr-dgge method. the individual numbers of ... | 2013 | 23957415 |
| tannic acid inhibits staphylococcus aureus surface colonization in an isaa-dependent manner. | staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal and pathogen that is capable of forming biofilms on a variety of host tissues and implanted medical devices. biofilm-associated infections resist antimicrobial chemotherapy and attack from the host immune system, making these infections particularly difficult to treat. in order to gain insight into environmental conditions that influence s. aureus biofilm development, we screened a library of small molecules for the ability to inhibit s. aureus biofilm ... | 2013 | 23208606 |
| survivability of vibrio cholerae o1 in cooked rice, coffee, and tea. | this study aimed to investigate the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 in 3 types of preparation for cooked rice, oryza sativa l., (plain rice, rice with coconut milk, and rice with ginger); coffee, coffea canephora, (plain coffee, coffee with sugar, and coffee with sweetened condensed milk); and tea, camellia sinensis, (plain tea, tea with sugar, and tea with sweetened condensed milk) held at room temperature (27°c). the survival of v. cholerae o1 was determined by spread plate method on tcbs agar. ... | 2013 | 26904604 |
| effect of different types of tea on streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study. | if tea can be shown to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of streptococcus mutans there can be a basis for using it as an agent for reducing caries. | 2013 | 22842248 |
| proteomic insights into seed germination in response to environmental factors. | seed germination is a critical process in the life cycle of higher plants. during germination, the imbibed mature seed is highly sensitive to different environmental factors.however, knowledge about the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the environmental effects on germination has been lacking. recent proteomic work has provided invaluable insight into the molecular processes in germinating seeds of arabidopsis, rice (oryza sativa), soybean (glycine max), barley (hordeum vulgare) ... | 2013 | 23986916 |
| adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews. | this overview of systematic reviews (srs) aims to evaluate critically the evidence regarding the adverse effects of herbal medicines (hms). five electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant srs, with 50 srs of 50 different hms meeting our inclusion criteria. most had only minor weaknesses in methods. serious adverse effects were noted only for four hms: herbae pulvis standardisatus, larrea tridentate, piper methysticum and cassia senna. the most severe adverse effects were liver o ... | 2013 | 23472485 |
| effects of selected bioactive natural products on the vascular endothelium. | the endothelium, a highly active structure, regulates vascular homeostasis through the release of numerous vasoactive factors that control vascular tone and vascular smooth cell proliferation. a larger number of medicinal plants and their isolated chemical constituents have been shown to beneficially affect the endothelium. for example, flavonoids in black tea, green tea, and concord grape cause a vasodilation possibly through their antioxidant properties. allicin, a by-product of the enzyme all ... | 2013 | 23599064 |
| overexpression of camellia sinensis thaumatin-like protein, cstlp in potato confers enhanced resistance to macrophomina phaseolina and phytophthora infestans infection. | thaumatin-like proteins (tlps), a class of pathogenesis related proteins are induced in response to pathogens and exhibit antifungal property when overexpressed in transgenic plants. in the present study, we have raised transgenic potato plants overexpressing tlp gene of camellia sinensis (cstlp). fungal resistance assays of transgenic potato elucidated the potential role of cstlp in imparting tolerance to fungal pathogens, macrophomina phaseolina (necrotrophic) and phytophthora infestans (hemi- ... | 2013 | 23086453 |
| potentiating effects of honey on antioxidant properties of lemon-flavoured black tea. | health benefits including antioxidant potential of black tea (camellia sinensis), lemon (citrus limon) and honey bees (apis mellifera) have been extensively reported. nevertheless, nothing is reported about the effects of their concomitant use. herein, those effects were evaluated in infusions of lemon-flavoured black tea with three different kinds of honey (light amber, amber and dark amber) from lavandula stoechas, erica sp. pl. and other indigenous floral species from north-east portugal, a r ... | 2013 | 22856394 |
| analysis of codon use features of stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene in camellia sinensis. | the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (sad) gene widely exists in all kinds of plants. in this paper, the camellia sinensis sad gene (cssad) sequence was firstly analyzed by codon w, chips, and cusp programs online, and then compared with genomes of the tea plant, other species and sad genes from 11 plant species. the results show that the cssad gene and the selected 73 of c. sinensis genes have similar codon usage bias. the cssad gene has a bias toward the synonymous codons with a and t ... | 2013 | 23774066 |
| effect of gambisan on the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3t3-l1 adipocytes. | this study was conducted to explore the antiadipogenic effect and possible mechanism of gambisan on 3t3-l1 cells. for quality control, gambisan was standardized by hplc and the standard compounds ephedrine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and caffeine were screened. cultured 3t3-l1 cells that had been induced to differentiate were treated with various concentrations of gambisan or its major component extracts (ephedra intermedia schrenk, atractylodes lancea dc., and thea sinensis l.) for 72 hours fo ... | 2013 | 24069055 |
| insights on the formulation of herbal beverages with medicinal claims according with their antioxidant properties. | several herbal beverages claim medicinal benefits due to their antioxidant properties. however, operational factors such as the extracted herbal component, preparation method or concentration levels, might influence their biological activity. to assess this effect, the antioxidant activity of beverages prepared with camellia sinensis, aspalathus linearis or cochlospermum angolensis, used solely or mixed with different fruit, plant or algae extracts, was studied using different formulations (bags ... | 2013 | 23459297 |
| effectiveness of dental bleaching in depth after using different bleaching agents. | this study evaluated the effectiveness of low- and high-concentration bleaching agents on enamel and deep dentin. | 2013 | 24455056 |
| effectiveness of cysteine proteases on protein/pigment film removal. | theaflavin (tf) from the black tea can react to human salivary proline-rich proteins (prps) to form stains on exposed dental surfaces. here, we employed a model of protein/pigment film using tf and dephosphorylated bovine β-casein (dβ-cn), which has an extended conformation, similar to that of salivary prps, on a sensor surface to assess the efficacy of cysteine proteases (cps) including papain, stem bromelain, and ficin, on removing tf bound to dβ-cn and the control tf readsorption on the resid ... | 2013 | 24112727 |
| catechins are not major components responsible for the beneficial effect of camellia sinensis on the ovarian δ-ala-d activity inhibited by cadmium. | cadmium has been associated with a wide spectrum of deleterious effects on the reproductive tissues, including ovary. this investigation evaluated the protective role of camellia sinensis (green, white and red teas) in the cadmium-induced inhibition of ovarian δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ala-d) activity in vitro and ex vivo. this study demonstrated that green and white teas restored the cow ovary δ-ala-d activity inhibited by cadmium whereas red tea had no effect in vitro. in addition, gree ... | 2013 | 23376781 |
| trace level voltammetric determination of heavy metals and total mercury in tea matrices (camellia sinensis). | an analytical procedure regarding the voltammetric determination of mercury(ii), copper(ii), lead(ii), cadmium(ii) and zinc(ii) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (swasv) in matrices involved in food chain is proposed. in particular, tea leaves were analysed as real samples. the digestion of each matrix was carried out using a concentrated hcl-hno3-h2so4 acidic attack mixture; 0.01 mol l(-1) edta-na2 + 0.15 mol l(-1) nacl + 0.5 mol l(-1) hcl was employed as the supporting electrolyte. t ... | 2013 | 24513061 |
| camellia sinensis (tea): implications and role in preventing dental decay. | tea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages with bioactive compounds like polyphenols-flavonoids-catechins, which are thought to be responsible for the health benefits that have traditionally been attributed to the tea. these compounds have multi-dimensional effects such as antibacterial action, inhibitory action on the bacterial and salivary amylase and inhibition of acid production. this article outlines the possible role of these compounds coupled with the presence of high fluoride con ... | 2013 | 24347923 |
| [new directions of research related to chronic wound healing]. | optimal nutrition, immunological state and psychological condition play an important role in the process of chronic wound healing. infections caused by pathogens resistant to commonly used antibiotics additionally complicate and disturb regeneration of wounds. as part of the treatment, modern wound dressings are used, for example designed on the basis of alginates, dextranomers, hydrogels, hydrofiber, polyurethanes foams, hydrocolloids and liquids for wound debridement such us 0.9% nacl, the pwe ... | 2013 | 24377187 |
| chromium level and intake from chinese made tea. | tea is a popular drink around the world. it is also one of the sources of metal intake. the objectives of this study were to assess chromium (cr) intake from popular green, oolong, black and pu-erh tea. in total, 128 chinese made teas were analysed and concentration differences among four types of tea were explored. black tea contained highest total cr, which varied between 0.63 and 17.60 mg/kg. the lowest content was found in the green tea samples, between 0.26 and 1.30 mg/kg. cr(iii) and cr(vi ... | 2013 | 24779940 |
| aflatoxins in black tea in iran. | aflatoxins (afs) are highly toxic, and carcinogenic secondary fungal metabolites and have been detected in various food commodities. in this regard, 40 black tea samples including domestic and imported black tea were analysed for aflatoxin contamination by high-performance liquid chromatography using a post-column derivatisation procedure (kobra cell) with fluorescence detection. samples were randomly collected in 2010 from tehran markets. the results revealed that 30 among 40 samples were conta ... | 2013 | 24779878 |
| heavy metal content of black teas consumed in iran. | tea (camellia sinensis) is the most widely consumed beverage in several parts of the world. tea consumption is a major component of the traditional iranian diet; however, limited data are available indicating heavy metals content of this beverage. this study aimed to assess concentrations of heavy metals, including copper, lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury as well as minerals like zinc and iron in black tea samples. atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the elements of interest ... | 2013 | 24779877 |
| protective effect of theaflavin on erythrocytes subjected to in vitro oxidative stress. | antioxidant and free radical scavenging effect of black tea theaflavins has been shown in many epidemiological studies. in the present work we report the protective mechanism of tea theaflavins on biomarkers of oxidative stress, which are elevated during stress conditions. we hereby report the in vitro effect of theaflavins on erythrocyte malondialdehyde (mda), intracellular reduced glutathione (gsh), and plasma membrane redox system (pmrs) of rats. the effect of theaflavin on pmrs has also been ... | 2013 | 24455262 |
| caffeine and total polyphenol contents of market tea cultivated and processed in bangladesh. | the aim of this study was to determine the contents of caffeine and total polyphenol in six brands of market tea cultivated and processed in bangladesh. | 2013 | 24800393 |
| the association of tea consumption with bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis. | the association between tea consumption and bladder cancer has been confirmed in several animal studies, but one epidemiological study in 2001 showed no association between them. in order to provide an accurate assessment of this, we conducted a meta-analysis on tea consumption and bladder cancer risk. studies were identified by a literature search in pubmed from january 1980 to march 2012 and the reference lists of relevant studies. random effect models were used to calculate summary relative r ... | 2013 | 23353620 |
| [chemical constituents of camellia sinensis var. assamica]. | to study the chemical constituents of camellia sinensis var. assamica. the compounds were isolated by nka macroporous resin silica gel, sephadex lh-20, rp-c18 column chromatographies and semi-preparative hplc,and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as caffeine (1), theobromine (2), gallic acid (3), (+)-catechin (4), ampelopsin (5), (-)-epicatechin (6), (-)-epiafzelechin (7), (-)-epicatechin-3-o-gall ... | 2013 | 23944074 |
| black tea high-molecular-weight polyphenol stimulates exercise training-induced improvement of endurance capacity in mouse via the link between ampk and glut4. | aerobic exercise can promote "fast-to-slow transition" in skeletal muscles, i.e. an increase in oxidative fibers, mitochondria, and myoglobin and improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism. here, we found that mice administered mitochondria activation factor (maf) combined with exercise training could run longer distances and for a longer time compared with the exercise only group; maf is a high-molecular-weight polyphenol purified from black tea. furthermore, maf intake combined with exercise ... | 2013 | 23922719 |
| plant food supplements with anti-inflammatory properties: a systematic review (i). | plant food supplements (pfs) receive great acceptance by european consumers. however, quality and efficacy of these products remain a question of concern. the aim of this systematic review is to summarize and critically evaluate the evidence for or against the efficacy of pfs for coping inflammatory conditions by considering epidemiological and human intervention studies. the review, which consists of two parts, considers olea europea l., camellia sinensis l., vitis vinifera l., and matricaria r ... | 2013 | 23320910 |
| phenolic acid concentrations in plasma and urine from men consuming green or black tea and potential chemopreventive properties for colon cancer. | tea polyphenols are metabolized by the colonic microflora yielding phenolic metabolites, which may contribute to the health benefits of tea. we determined the serum and urine concentrations of phenolic acids, hippuric acid, and polyhydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactones during green tea (gt) and black tea (bt) administration. the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-dhpaa) alone and in combination on bioavailability, intracellular metabolism, and antipro ... | 2013 | 23319439 |
| analysis of dormant bud (banjhi) specific transcriptome of tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) from cdna library revealed dormancy-related genes. | bud dormancy is of ecological and economical interest due to its impact on tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) plant growth and yield. growth regulation associated with dormancy is an essential element in plant's life cycle that leads to changes in expression of large number of genes. in order to identify and provide a picture of the transcriptome profile, cdna library was constructed from dormant bud (banjhi) of tea. sequence and gene ontology analysis of 3,500 clones, in many cases, enabled ... | 2013 | 23315209 |
| black tea consumption and risk of stroke in women and men. | our aim was examine the association between black tea consumption and risk of total stroke and stroke types in a prospective study. | 2013 | 23295000 |
| isolation and characterization of histone1 gene and its promoter from tea plant (camellia sinensis). | one 1.2 kbp long sequence was cloned by using pcr with primers that were designed from cdna sequence of csh1 gene (genbank: eu716314) from tea plant (camellia sinensis). according to the 1.2 kbp sequence, a 0.6 kbp sequence was isolated from tea plant genomic dna using dna walking method. sequence analysis revealed that the 1.2 kbp sequence is a csh1 gene consisting of 1 exon and 2 introns, the border of exton and intron sequences conforming to the gt-ag rule, and the 0.6 kbp sequence was found ... | 2013 | 23277399 |
| dehydrin2 is a stress-inducible, whereas dehydrin1 is constitutively expressed but up-regulated gene under varied cues in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. | two expressed sequence tags with similarity to dehydrin were cloned to full-length (csdhn1 and csdhn2) through rapid amplification of cdna ends. csdhn1 and csdhn2 were 1,027 and 992 base pair long and encoded for predicted polypeptides of 260 and 201 amino acids, respectively. deduced csdhn1 protein had a s-segment and three lysine-rich consensus motifs (k-segments). the y-segment was, however, absent in the deduced csdhn1. csdhn2 had three y motifs, one s-segment and two k-segments. expression ... | 2013 | 23275208 |
| polyphenol bioaccessibility and sugar reducing capacity of black, green, and white teas. | tea (camellia sinensis) is a widely consumed beverage and recognised for its potential enhancing effect on human health due to its rich polyphenol content. while a number of studies have investigated the quantity and type of polyphenols present in different tea samples, no study has reported the potential effect of digestive enzymes on the availability of tea polyphenols for human absorption or the subsequent impact on glycaemic response. the objectives of the present study were to assess the to ... | 2013 | 26904591 |
| antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract of iranian green tea in the formalin test in rats. | tea (camellia sinensis) has been utilised, since time immemorial, as a beverage possessing encouraging health benefits. little scientific evidence exists in literature on the effect of this plant on pain. | 2013 | 24624180 |