Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| disease development and symptom expression of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in various citrus plant tissues. | abstract experimental inoculations of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in different tissues of tahiti lime and pineapple sweet orange were conducted monthly under natural conditions on réunion island. the interactions between a set of environmental and epidemic variables associated with disease expression and 184 different factor combinations were investigated to determine the parameters needed to explain asiatic citrus canker (acc) disease expression. area under the disease progress curve (audp ... | 2003 | 18943164 |
| quantification of xylella fastidiosa from citrus trees by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. | abstract xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc), a destructive disease of sweet orange cultivars in brazil. polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assays constitute the principal diagnostic method for detection of these bacteria. in this work, we established a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay to quantify x. fastidiosa in naturally and artificially infected citrus. the x. fastidiosa cell number detected in the leaves increased according to the age of the ... | 2002 | 18944214 |
| high-speed characterization and analysis of orange oils with tandem-column stop-flow gc and time-of-flight ms. | high-speed gc with time-of-flight (tof) ms detection is used for the characterization and analysis of oils rendered from the peel of five diverse species of orange including bergemot orange, bitter orange, tangerine, mandarin orange, and sweet orange. with a user-defined signal-to-noise threshold of 100, 44 peaks were found and 36 compounds identified in the various oils. some major constituent components show large concentration ranges over the five species. a 14-m-long, 0. 18-mm-i.d. column en ... | 2002 | 12433099 |
| sampling methods as abundance indices for adult diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) in citrus. | beat sampling and two type of traps, cup traps and tedders traps, were evaluated as sampling methods to detect and estimate population densities of adult diaprepes abbreviatus l. weevils newly colonizing young citrus trees. the study was conducted over a 65-wk period across a 0.25-ha area of 80 citrus trees [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] (1.2-1.5 m tall). beat samples were taken weekly to determine the number of trees infested and number of new adult weevils per tree. sixteen of the 80 trees stud ... | 2002 | 12216831 |
| engineering a genetic transformation system for colletotrichum acutatum, the causal fungus of lime anthracnose and postbloom fruit drop of citrus. | postbloom fruit drop (pfd) of citrus is caused by colletotrichum acutatum. pfd isolates infect flower petals, induce abscission of small fruit and can cause severe yield loss on most citrus cultivars. isolates from key lime anthracnose (kla) cause that disease on the mexican lime, but also cause pfd on sweet orange. both pfd and kla isolates exhibited resistance to the common selection agents including hygromycin, bialaphos, benomyl and geneticin/g418. a genetic transformation system was develop ... | 2002 | 12127485 |
| evaluation of the genetic structure of xylella fastidiosa populations from different citrus sinensis varieties. | xylella fastidiosa was isolated from sweet orange plants (citrus sinensis) grown in two orchards in the northwest region of the brazilian state of são paulo. one orchard was part of a germ plasm field plot used for studies of citrus variegated chlorosis resistance, while the other was an orchard of c. sinensis cv. pêra clones. these two collections of strains were genotypically characterized by using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) markers. the ... | 2002 | 12147466 |
| dry matter accumulation in citrus fruit is not limited by transport capacity of the pedicel. | the vascularization of the pedicel in marisol clementine (citrus clementina hort. ex tanaka) has been characterized in relation to fruit growth. phloem and xylem formation occurred during the first half of the period of fruit growth. phloem cross-sectional area reached its maximum value by the end of fruitlet abscission, 78 d after anthesis (daa), shortly after the rate of accumulation of dry matter in fruitlets reached its maximum value. secondary xylem formation occurred until day 93, well aft ... | 2002 | 12451031 |
| diversity of endophytic bacterial populations and their interaction with xylella fastidiosa in citrus plants. | citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc) is caused by xylella fastidiosa, a phytopathogenic bacterium that can infect all citrus sinensis cultivars. the endophytic bacterial communities of healthy, resistant, and cvc-affected citrus plants were studied by using cultivation as well as cultivation-independent techniques. the endophytic communities were assessed in surface-disinfected citrus branches by plating and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). dominant isolates were characterized by fat ... | 2002 | 12324338 |
| selection for aluminium tolerance in embryogenic lines of citrus sinensis l. and c. aurantium l. | the citrus cultivars 'amargo' and 'pineapple' produce embryogenic cultures on two types of sugars, galactose and lactose. two percent lactose is optimal for both cultivars; embryogenic callus is produced 8-10 weeks after inoculation. whereas 2% galactose is optimal for 'amargo', it is 3% for 'pineapple'. three types of embryos are recognized: whitish, greenish and heart shaped. in 8 to 10 week old cultures we do also observe a black spotted type of embryos. a high percentage of plant conversion ... | 2002 | 12491964 |
| volatile n-nitrosamine inhibition after intake korean green tea and maesil (prunus mume sieb. et zacc.) extracts with an amine-rich diet in subjects ingesting nitrate. | the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines under simulated gastric conditions was studied during the incubation of amine rich food and nitrate, and its possible inhibition by adding kumquat, sweet orange, strawberry, garlic, kale juices, maesil (prunus mume) and green tea extracts. the strawberry, kale juices, maesil and green tea extracts were equally effective in reducing the formation of n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma). the fruits of p. mume sieb. et zacc. (korean name, maesil) have been used a ... | 2002 | 12065217 |
| phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene expression during abscission in citrus. | phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) gene expression was examined in fruit and leaf abscission zones of valencia orange for periods up to 72 h after induction of abscission with ethrel(r) (cepa) or the citrus mature fruit-specific abscission material 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1h-pyrazole (cmn-p). pal gene expression was detected in mature fruit abscission zones beginning 6 and 24 h after cepa and cmn-p application, respectively, and continued up to 72 h. pal gene expression was detected in leaf abs ... | 2002 | 12207668 |
| clarification of juice by thermolabile valencia pectinmethylesterase is accelerated by cations. | pectinmethylesterase (pme) was isolated from valencia orange pulp and added to reconstituted juice at 1.2 units/ml of juice in the presence or absence of cations at 4.2 or 16.7 mm. the percent transmittance (%t) of control juices with no added pme or cation did not clarify. the %t of juices with added pme and added cation was 45-55% by the second day. increases in the average particle size was observed with pme- or cation-added juices and preceded increases in %t. most likely, cations displaced ... | 2002 | 12083889 |
| enzymatic modification of pectin to increase its calcium sensitivity while preserving its molecular weight. | a commercial high-methoxy citrus pectin was treated with a purified salt-independent pectin methylesterase (pme) isozyme isolated from valencia orange peel to prepare a series of deesterified pectins. a series of alkali-deesterified pectins was also prepared at ph 10 under conditions permitting beta-elimination. analysis of these pectins using high-performance size exclusion chromatography (hpsec) with on-line multiangle laser light-scattering, differential viscometer, and refractive index (ri) ... | 2002 | 11982422 |
| impact of phyllocnistis citrella (lepidoptera: gracillariidae) on leaf area development and yield of mature citrus trees in the mediterranean area. | seasonal population trends and damage to citrus trees by the leafminer phyllocnistis citrella stainton were studied in the valencia area of eastern spain from 1996 to 1999. the area-wide seasonal flushing pattern of citrus trees and leafminer population trends were determined in 10 mature citrus orchards. in the 10 orchards, the annual percentage of new shoots that developed in the spring ranged from 51 to 96% for individual orchards (mean of 80%). phyllocnistis citrella populations damaged new ... | 2002 | 12403423 |
| a pectinmethylesterase gene associated with a heat-stable extract from citrus. | a putative thermostable pectinmethylesterase (tspme) protein of 36 kda was isolated from heat-treated citrus finisher pulp. after purification and partial sequencing of the protein, a reverse genetic approach was used to obtain the complete genomic sequence of a new pectinmethylesterase (pme) gene, cspme4, from citrus sinensis (l.) osb. cv. valencia. the cspme4 gene contained two exons of 1203 and 690 bp interrupted by a single positionally conserved intron of 1230 bp. a full-length cspme4 cdna ... | 2002 | 12033812 |
| residue uptake and storage responses of tarocco blood oranges after preharvest thiabendazole spray and postharvest heat treatment. | tarocco blood oranges (citrus sinensis linn. obsek) were subjected to a single preharvest spray with thiabendazole (tbz) at a concentration of 1% active ingredient (ai) in water and harvested 2 weeks after fungicide application or heated at 37 degrees c for 48 h under saturated humidity after harvest. the two treatments were also combined before cold quarantine (3 weeks at 2 degrees c), subsequent storage (3 weeks at 8 degrees c), and simulated marketing period (smp) (1 week at 20 degrees c). fr ... | 2002 | 11929286 |
| characterization of major anthocyanins and the color of red-fleshed budd blood orange (citrus sinensis). | high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with photodiode array detection was applied for the characterization of anthocyanins in red-fleshed budd blood (citrus sinensis) orange. more than seven anthocyanin pigments were separated within 30 min by using a binary gradient (0.1% h(3)p0(4) in water and 0.1% h(3)po(4) in acetonitrile) elution on a prodigy ods column. separations by reversed-phase hplc and semipreparative hplc on a prodigy 10-microm ods prep column, and acid and alkali hydrolyses ... | 2002 | 11853511 |
| participation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in nitric oxide-induced plant cell death. | in the present study, we investigated the involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (ptp) in nitric oxide (no)-induced plant cell death. no donors such as sodium nitroprusside (snp) and s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine inhibited growth and caused death in suspension-cultured cells of citrus sinensis. cells treated with snp showed chromatin condensation and fragmentation, characteristic of apoptosis. snp caused loss of the mitochondrial membrane electrical potential, which was ... | 2002 | 11801241 |
| characterization of a salt-independent pectin methylesterase purified from valencia orange peel. | the pectin methylesterase (pme; ec 3.1.1.11) present in a commercial orange peel enzyme preparation was characterized to establish its identity among the multiple pme isozymes present in valencia orange (citrus sinensis l.) peel. we show the commercial enzyme corresponds to the major peak 2 pme previously separated by heparin-sepharose chromatography (cameron et al., j. food sci. 1998, 63, 253). both pmes have comparable elution profiles on cation-exchange and hydrophobic-interaction perfusion c ... | 2002 | 12033828 |
| structural basis of the rind disorder oleocellosis in washington navel orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck). | oleocellosis, a physiological rind disorder of citrus fruit, is an unattractive surface blemish caused by phytotoxic effects of released rind oils. the development of oleocellosis in washington navel orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) was examined by following a time sequence of surface symptoms and microscopic rind changes. the two natural causes of oleocellosis were simulated: mechanical damage to the fruit and transfer of rind oil between fruit. mechanical fruit injury resulted in rupture of ... | 2002 | 12451032 |
| preferential induction of a 9-lipoxygenase by salt in salt-tolerant cells of citrus sinensis l. osbeck. | recent findings in our laboratory suggested that in citrus cells the salt induction of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme active in cellular antioxidant defense, is mediated by the accumulation of hydroperoxides. production of hydroperoxides occurs as a result of non-enzymatic auto-oxidation or via the action of lipoxygenases (loxs). in an attempt to resolve the role of lox activity in the accumulation of peroxides we analyzed the expression of this protein under stress ... | 2001 | 11289601 |
| seasonal changes of carotenoid pigments and color in hamlin, earlygold, and budd blood orange juices. | the developmental patterns of carotenoids in hamlin, earlygold (an early-maturing selection), and budd blood sweet orange juices were studied during the september to mid-january period of the 1996-97 and 1997-98 seasons. the carotenoid concentration of earlygold increased by as much as 4.9 times during the color development compared to 3.9 times in hamlin and 4.5 times in budd blood juice in the same period. for the profiles of carotenoid pigment, dramatic changes occurred among the pigments tha ... | 2001 | 11262044 |
| biochemical basis of color as an aesthetic quality in citrus sinensis. | the biochemical basis of color as an aesthetic quality in mature fruit of navel and valencia orange (citrus sinensis) was determined. saponification of the two major color-imparting components resolved by thin-layer chromatography, followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, revealed that these comprised acyl esters of (9z)-violaxanthin and beta-citraurin. identification of the chromophores was based on cochromatography and online spectral analysis. the color quality of fl ... | 2001 | 11170592 |
| characterization and regulation of ammonium transport systems in citrus plants. | we have investigated both the kinetics and regulation of 15nh4+ influx in roots of 3-month-old hydroponically grown citrus (citrus sinensis l. osbeck x poncirus trifoliata blanco) seedlings. the 15nh4+ influx is saturable below an external ammonium concentration of 1 mm, indicating the action of a high-affinity transport system (hats). the hats is under feedback repression by the n status of the plant, being down-regulated in plants adequately supplied with n during growth, and up-regulated by n ... | 2001 | 11762176 |
| high-performance liquid chromatography for the characterization of carotenoids in the new sweet orange (earlygold) grown in florida, usa. | high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was developed for the separation and identification of carotenoids from a new sweet orange, earlygold. carotenoid pigments were extracted using hexane-acetone-ethanol and saponified using 10% methanolic potassium hydroxide. more than 25 carotenoid pigments were separated within 40 min using a ternary gradient (acetonitrile-methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether and water) elution on a c30 reversed-phase column. the carotenoid patt ... | 2001 | 11355835 |
| [molecular cloning of full length capsanthin/capsorubin synthase homologous gene from orange (citrus sinensis)]. | the complete sequence of orange homologous capsanthin/capsorubin synthase gene is 3788 bp long with a coding sequence of 1512 bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 503 amino acids. the 5' upstream sequence is 1721 bp long and the 3' downstream sequence is 555 bp long. the amino acid sequence of this gene is 78% and 69% identical to the genes from carrot and pepper, respectively. it is also partially homologous to plant neoxanthin synthase, lycopene beta-cyclase and lycopene epsilon cyclase genes. i ... | 2001 | 12549109 |
| differential expression of two cinnamate 4-hydroxylase genes in 'valencia' orange (citrus sinensis osbeck). | two different full-length cdnas for cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h1 and c4h2) were isolated from citrus sinensis osbeck cv. valencia libraries. c4h1 (1708 bp) and c4h2 (1871 bp) share only 65% identity on nucleotide and 66% identity on the amino acid level, respectively. c4h1 is most homologous to a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase sequence from french bean (phaseolus vulgaris), but codes for a unique n-terminus. c4h2 shows highest similarity to a poplar (populus kitakamiensis) sequence, but also shows a u ... | 2001 | 11575728 |
| purification and characterization of a beta-glucosidase from citrus sinensis var. valencia fruit tissue. | a preliminary survey demonstrated activity for alpha-d-glucosidase, alpha-d-mannosidase, alpha-l-arabinosidase, beta-d-glucosidase, beta-d-xylosidase, and beta-d-galactosidase in orange fruit flavedo and albedo tissue. alpha-l-rhamnosidase was not detected. subsequently, a beta-glucosidase was purified from mature fruit rag tissue (composed of intersegmental septa, squeezed juice sacs, and fruit core tissue) of citrus sinensis var. valencia. the beta-glucosidase exhibited low levels of activity ... | 2001 | 11559154 |
| metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid by orange (citrus sinensis) flavedo tissue during fruit development. | [5-3h, 1'-14c, 13c6, 12c] indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), was applied to the flavedo (epicarp) of intact orange fruits at different stages of development. after incubation in the dark, at 25 degrees c, the tissue was extracted with meoh and the partially purified extracts were analyzed by reversed phase hplc-rc. six major metabolite peaks were detected and subsequently analyzed by combined hplc-frit-fab ms. the metabolite peak 6 contained oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxiaa), indole-3-acetyl-n-aspartic ac ... | 2001 | 11382233 |
| fruit size as a model for teaching first trimester uterine sizing in bimanual examination. | to examine a commonly used fruit-comparison model for teaching uterine sizing by bimanual examination, to compare the sizes of actual fruits with published first trimester uterine ultrasound measurements, and to estimate the degree of provider agreement with this model. | 2001 | 11506855 |
| potential of semiconductor sensor arrays for the origin authentication of pure valencia orange juices. | sensor array is a new method used in aroma analysis. this technique was employed for the differentiation of 49 pure valencia orange juices from 5 different origins representative of the main culture areas of citrus according to their volatile organic fractions. an experimental design was used to set analytical factors, which control the generation of the static headspace; therefore, the preliminary optimization of analytical conditions allows the evaluation of the potential of such an apparatus ... | 2001 | 11453745 |
| characterization of carotenoids in juice of red navel orange (cara cara). | high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was applied for the separation and characterization of carotenoids from a red-fleshed navel orange (cara cara). carotenoid pigments were extracted using hexane/acetone/ethanol and saponified using 10% methanolic potassium hydroxide. more than 29 carotenoid pigments were separated within 60 min using a ternary gradient (75% acetonitrile/25% methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and water) elution on a c(30) reversed-phase column. ... | 2001 | 11368636 |
| orthophenylphenol and phenylhydroquinone residues in citrus fruit and processed citrus products after postharvest fungicidal treatments with sodium orthophenylphenate in california and florida. | sodium orthophenylphenate (sopp) has been used extensively for >40 years to control postharvest diseases of citrus fruits. studies of the metabolism of [(14)c]sopp have identified orthophenylphenol (opp) as the major metabolite with phenylhydroquinone (phq) as a minor metabolite. the whole-fruit tolerance in the united states for opp is 10 ppm. this study was conducted to quantify terminal opp and phq residues in whole navel oranges, grapefruit, and lemons following sopp applications at maximum ... | 2001 | 11368626 |
| in vitro availability of flavonoids and other phenolics in orange juice. | hand-squeezed navel orange juice contains 839 mg/l phenolics, including flavanones, flavones, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. the flavanones are the main phenolics in the soluble fraction (648.6 mg/l) and are also present in the cloud fraction (104.8 mg/l). during refrigerated storage of fresh juice (4 degrees c), 50% of the soluble flavanones precipitate and integrate into the cloud fraction. commercial orange juices contain only 81-200 mg/l soluble flavanones (15-33%) and the content in ... | 2001 | 11262068 |
| effect of food plants on the volume of repellent secretion obtained in adult zonocerus variegatus (orthoptera: pyrgomorphidae). | the volume of secretion obtained from adult zonocerus variegatus (orthoptera: pyrgomorphidae) was influenced by the type of food plants. insects fed on leaves of cassava manihot esculenta, bitter leaves vernonia amygdalina, and a mixture of m. esculenta and acalypha wilkesiana gave a good volume of secretion while chromolaena odorata, elaeis guinensis, aspilia africana and citrus sinensis did not favour secretion production. no significant difference was recorded in the volume of secretion obtai ... | 2001 | 11935920 |
| sequence diversity and interrelationships among isolates of satsuma dwarf-related viruses. | the 3'-region of rna2 of three viruses (natsudaidai dwarf virus (isolate nd-1), and two unidentified isolates (lb-1, az-1)), which were related to satsuma dwarf virus (sdv), were sequenced. phylogenetic analysis including the previously reported sdv-related viruses (citrus mosaic virus (cimv, ci-968), navel orange infectious mottling virus (nimv, ni-1)) showed that they were classified into three groups, sdv (s-58), cimv (ci-968, lb-1, az-1, nd-1), and nimv (ni-1). the results suggested these gr ... | 2001 | 11402866 |
| tylenchida associated with different crops in sennar state (sudan). | a study was done on the taxonomy and morphology of plant parasitic nematodes (tylenchida) found in sennar state (sudan). sixty samples of different crops were collected in the sugarcane area. thirty samples originated from soil around the roots of saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) from different ratoons and thirty samples were collected from other crops (mangifera indica; citrus limon; citrus aurantifolia; citrus paradisi; citrus sinensis, phoenix dactylifera, musa sapentium; cassia italica, cap ... | 2001 | 12425088 |
| shellac formulations to reduce epiphytic survival of coliform bacteria on citrus fruit postharvest. | survival of the coliform bacteria enterobacter aerogenes and escherichia coli was monitored in a neutral carboxymethylcellulose formulation and in shellac formulations with various ph and concentrations of ethanol and the preservative paraben; populations were subsequently measured from the surface of citrus fruit coated with these formulations. numbers of the two bacteria increased over 24 h from 10(6) cfu/ml to approximately 10(8) cfu/ml in the carboxymethylcellulose solution, but over this ti ... | 2001 | 11726155 |
| polymorphism of the 5' terminal region of citrus tristeza virus (ctv) rna: incidence of three sequence types in isolates of different origin and pathogenicity. | sequences of the 5' terminal region of the genomic rna from eight isolates of citrus tristeza virus (ctv) were previously classified into three types (i, ii and iii), with intragroup sequence identity higher than 88% and intergroup sequence identity as low as 44%. sequencing of an additional 58 cdna clones from 15 virus isolates showed that all sequences could be unequivocally assigned to one of the three types previously established. the relative frequency of each sequence type was assessed in ... | 2001 | 11266215 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of an infectious clone of citrus yellow mosaic virus that can infect sweet orange via agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. | citrus yellow mosaic virus (cymv), a member of the family caulimoviridae, genus badnavirus, causes citrus mosaic disease, a disease that occurs commonly in india. the cymv genome has been cloned and its complete nucleotide sequence determined. its dna genome is 7559 bp in length and contains six putative open reading frames (orfs), all on the plus-strand of the genome and each capable of encoding proteins with a molecular mass of greater than 10 kda. orf 3, the largest orf, encodes a putative po ... | 2001 | 11562547 |
| the diversification of citrus clementina hort. ex tan., a vegetatively propagated crop species. | clementines, due to their high quality, are one of the most important cultivated citrus mandarins. as in the case of sweet orange and satsuma mandarins, genetic variability within this species is minimal when analyzed by molecular markers, because the existing varieties have not been obtained through hybridization, but through the selection of spontaneous mutations affecting traits of agronomic interest. this would explain, at least in part, the greater diversity for agronomic traits when compar ... | 2001 | 11697922 |
| insecticidal properties of volatile extracts of orange peels. | statistical studies using the randomised complete block design with four replicates showed that volatile extracts of two species of orange peel--citrus sinensis (sweet orange) and citrus aurantifolia (lime) had insecticidal activity against mosquito, cockroach and housefly. insecticidal activity was better after 60 min than at 30 min spraying of rooms. volatile extracts of c. sinensis showed greater insecticidal potency, while the cockroach was the most susceptible to the orange peels among the ... | 2001 | 11198181 |
| partial characterisation of citrus leaf blotch virus, a new virus from nagami kumquat. | citrus leaf blotch virus (clbv) was purified from leaves of nagami kumquat sra-153 that showed bud union crease when propagated on troyer citrange. virions were filamentous particles (960 x 14 nm) containing a 42 kda protein and a single-stranded rna (ssrna) of about 9,000 nt (mr 3 x 10(6)). infected tissue contained three species of double-stranded rna (dsrna) of mr 6, 4.5 and 3.4 x 10(6). the nucleotide sequence of several complementary dna (cdna) clones showed significant similarities with re ... | 2001 | 11315643 |
| evaluation of aroma differences between hand-squeezed juices from valencia late and navel oranges by quantitation of key odorants and flavor reconstitution experiments. | twenty-five odor-active compounds were quantified in hand-squeezed juices of valencia late and navel oranges using stable isotope dilution assays. odor activity values (oavs, ratio of the concentration to odor thresholds) based on odor thresholds in water were calculated for the entire set of aroma compounds in both varieties. it was shown that due to their high oavs, the fruity-smelling esters ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl butanoate, (s)-ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, and 3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-d ... | 2001 | 11368609 |
| assessment of the genetic diversity of xylella fastidiosa isolated from citrus in brazil by pcr-rflp of the 16s rdna and 16s-23s intergenic spacer and rep-pcr fingerprinting. | the genetic diversity among twenty three strains of xylella fastidiosa, isolated from sweet orange citrus, was assessed by rflp analysis of the 16s rdna and 16s-23s intergenic spacer and by rep-pcr fingerprinting together with strains isolated from coffee, grapevine, plum and pear. the pcr products obtained by amplification of the 16s rdna and 16s-23s spacer region were digested with restriction enzymes and a low level of polymorphism was detected. in rep-pcr fingerprinting, a relationship betwe ... | 2001 | 11392484 |
| pesticide applications of copper on perennial crops in california, 1993 to 1998. | inorganic copper is used as a broad-spectrum fungicide and bacteriocide on a variety of agricultural crops. after application, the copper residue typically accumulates in the upper 15 cm of soil. data from the california pesticide use reports were used to estimate the augmentation of copper in the soil that resulted from pesticide applications for the six years from 1993 to 1998 on 12 crops that are grown without rotation. the estimated mean mg cu kg(-1) soil added to the upper 15 cm during the ... | 2001 | 11577894 |
| in vitro antimalarial activity of extracts of three plants used in the traditional medicine of india. | in an attempt to search for new antimalarial drugs, we studied plants used by traditional healers of southwest india to treat malaria. aqueous and organic solvent extracts obtained from specific parts of the plants swertia chirata, carica papaya, and citrus sinensis were tested on malaria strain plasmodium falciparum fck 2 in vitro. the temperatures of extraction were the same as that used by the traditional healers in their plant preparations. visual evaluation of the antimalarial activity of t ... | 2001 | 11693874 |
| characterization of yeast strains for wine production: effect of fermentation variables on quality of wine produced. | sixteen yeast strains isolated from grapefruit (citrus paradis), orange (citrus sinensis) and pineapple (ananas comosus) were characterized using standard microbiological procedures. the species were identified as saccharomyces uvarum, s. cerevisiae, s. carlbergensis, and s. ellipsoideus. their abilities for wine production were tested by using sugar and ethanol tolerance tests. the best biochemically active strain, s. ellipsoideus, was used along with commercially available baker's yeast (s. ce ... | 2001 | 11732717 |
| differentially expressed proteins in the interaction of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri with leaf extract of the host plant. | the present study reports the expression of proteins of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in response to different growth conditions. the bacterium was cultured in the basal medium mm1 and in the presence of leaf extracts from a susceptible host plant (sweet orange) as well as a resistant (ponkan) and a nonhost plant (passion fruit). the protein profiles were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de). twelve differential spots (induced, up- and down-regulated and repressed) were obse ... | 2001 | 11990505 |
| characterization of an ethylene-induced esterase gene isolated from citrus sinensis by competitive hybridization. | a simple new method, competitive hybridization, for identification of differentially regulated genes was used to isolate novel genes induced by ethylene in citrus (citrus sinensis [l.] osbeck cv. shamouti) leaves. one of the isolated genes, an ethylene-induced esterase gene (eie), was further characterized. the deduced protein sequence of this gene shows a similarity to those of several plant alpha/beta hydrolase gene family members, which are known to be involved in secondary metabolism. northe ... | 2001 | 12060305 |
| an evaluation of the genetic diversity of xylella fastidiosa isolated from diseased citrus and coffee in são paulo, brazil. | abstract strains of xylella fastidiosa, isolated from sweet orange trees (citrus sinensis) and coffee trees (coffea arabica) with symptoms of citrus variegated chlorosis and requeima do café, respectively, were indistinguishable based on repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus pcr assays. these strains were also indistinguishable with a previously described pcr assay that distinguished the citrus strains from all other ... | 2001 | 18943950 |
| pathogenic interactions between xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and cultivars of pummelo (citrus grandis). | abstract the aggressiveness of strains of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri on seven citrus species, including citrus sinensis (navel orange), c. paradisi (grapefruit), c. unshiu (satsuma mandarin), c. junos (yuzu), c. aurantifolia ('mexican' lime), c. tachibana (tachibana), and c. grandis (pummelo: 'otachibana', 'banpeiyu', and 'anseikan'), were assessed by comparing lesion expansion and growth in planta, using a prick inoculation method. the existence of two groups distinct in aggressiveness wa ... | 2000 | 18943380 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a novel gene encoding limonoid udp-glucosyltransferase in citrus. | we isolated a cdna clone encoding limonoid udp-glucosyltransferase (limonoid gtase) from the albedo of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) and investigated the contribution to limonoid glucoside accumulation in fruit. the isolated cdna clone (citlgt) was 1732 bp in length encoding 511 deduced amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 57.5 kda. the products of in vitro translation from an expression vector had the limonoid gtase activity. southern blot analysis of genomic dna indicated th ... | 2000 | 10713266 |
| role of furanocoumarin derivatives on grapefruit juice-mediated inhibition of human cyp3a activity. | with juices of grapefruit and related fruits, possible relationships between contents of six different furanocoumarins and extents of inhibition of microsomal cyp3a activity have been studied in vitro. microsomal cyp3a-mediated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation was inhibited by the addition of a fruit juice (2.5%, v/v) from eight different grapefruit sources, two sweeties, three pomelos, and one sour orange, whereas no clear inhibition was observed with two sweet orange juices. the inhibitory com ... | 2000 | 10859150 |
| characterization of the low affinity transport system for no(3)(-) uptake by citrus roots. | three-month old citrange troyer (hybrid of citrus sinensis x poncirus trifoliata) seedlings were grown hydroponically and, after a period of no(3)(-) starvation, plants were transferred to solutions enriched with k(15)no(3) (96% atoms 15n excess) to measure 15no(3)(-) uptake rates as a function of external 15no(3)(-) concentrations. two different no(3)(-) uptake systems were found. between 1 and 50 mm 15no(3)(-) in the uptake solution medium, the uptake rate increased linearly due to the low aff ... | 2000 | 11164581 |
| in vitro anti-mycotic activity of some medicinal plants containing flavonoids. | aqueous, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of citrus sinensis l. (osbeck), euphrasia officinalis l., glycyrrhiza glabra l., matricaria recutita l., rosa canina l. and ruta graveolens l. have been studied. the antimycotic activity was evaluated "in vitro" on strains of candida albicans isolated from clinical samples obtained in the course of acute vaginitis. | 2000 | 11213443 |
| distribution of aflatoxin in almonds. 2. distribution in almonds with heavy insect damage. | the aflatoxin distribution function in individual insect-damaged neplus ultra almonds was determined and found to be the sum of two distributions. substantially all almonds exhibited a positive aflatoxin level between 0.02 ng/g (the detection level) and 0.3 ng/g, the precise form of this distribution depending on the lot studied. in addition, 1/1000 of the nuts showed contamination between 60 and 600 000 ng/g, independent of the lot. the latter distribution showed a smooth decrease with log conc ... | 2000 | 10691662 |
| incidence and epidemiology of citrus tristeza virus in the valencian community of spain. | the first outbreak of citrus tristeza disease in spain caused by citrus tristeza virus (ctv) was recorded in 1957 in the valencian community (vc). in total c. 40 million trees, mainly of sweet orange and mandarin grafted on sour orange rootstocks, declined due to ctv. large-scale surveys in different municipalities of the vc indicated that the disease spread very fast. incidence increased from 11% in 1989 to 53% in 1998. toxoptera aurantii and aphis spiraecola (inefficient aphid vectors of ctv) ... | 2000 | 11137164 |
| some aspects of the biology and control using botanicals of the rice moth, corcyra cephalonica (stainton), on some pulses. | the life cycle of corcyra cephalonica was studied under ambient laboratory conditions (temperature range 27.5-30 degrees c and 60-73% r.h.) on groundnut, bambara groundnut and cowpea. the mean developmental period ranged from 33.2+/-0.2 to 45.3+/-1.8 days on whole, broken and powdered forms of the food media. egg hatchability was found to be 83%, while adult longevity ranged from 1.5+/-0.5 to 11.9+/-1.3 days for males and 1.5+/-0.5 to 16.5+/-1.2 days for females. sex ratio (male symbol:female sy ... | 2000 | 10758262 |
| [two interspecific somatic hybrid plants regenerated via protoplast electro-fusion]. | protoplasts isolated from cell suspension cultures of 'bonnaza' navel orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) were electrically fused with mesophyll protoplasts of rough lemon (citrus jambhiri lush) and goutou orange (citrus aurantium l.) respectively. plants regenerated from both fusion combinations. chromosome counting of randomly selected fifty two globular embryoids as well as all the regenerated seventy four plants from bonnaza navel + rough lemon revealed that twenty six embryoids were tetraplo ... | 2000 | 10976322 |
| [research on the separation of limonoid glucosides by reversed-phase preparative high performance liquid chromatography]. | obacunone-17-beta-d-glucopyranoside (og) was isolated from the seeds of citrus sinensis osbeck by using solvent extraction, classical polymer adsorption column separation and weak base anion ion-exchange separation, og was finally purified by c18 reversed-phase preparative high performance liquid chromatography and was identified by thin-layer chromatography. the purity of og was analyzed by analytical reversed-phase hplc. at last the structure of og was determined by 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic ... | 2000 | 12541582 |
| lc-ms for the identification of oxygen heterocyclic compounds in citrus essential oils. | the oxygen heterocyclic compounds (coumarins, psoralens and polymethoxylated flavones) present in the nonvolatile residue of the essential oils of mandarin, sweet orange, bitter orange, bergamot and grapefruit were analysed with an hplc/api/ms system equipped with an apci probe in positive mode. the use of hyphenated techniques, such as lc/ms provides a great information about the content and nature of constituents of natural complex matrices, such as essential oils. in this work, ms spectra wer ... | 2000 | 11108548 |
| the chromosomes of citrus and poncirus species and hybrids: identification of characteristic chromosomes and physical mapping of rdna loci using in situ hybridization and fluorochrome banding. | in situ hybridization of 18s-5.8s-25s rdna probes labeled with biotin or rhodamine and 5s rdna probes labeled with digoxigenin was used to locate rdna sites on root-tip metaphase chromosomes of citrus sinensis l. (2n = 2x = 18), poncirus trifoliata l. raf. (2n = 2x = 18), and citrus x poncirus hybrids (2n = 2x = 18). counterstaining with the fluorochromes chromomycin a3 and dapi uniquely identified many but not all chromosomes. c. sinensis had five 18s-25s rdna sites, p. trifoliata had seven, an ... | 2000 | 9487679 |
| flavonoids in pigmented orange juice and second-pressure extracts. | flavanone glycosides (fgs) and polymethoxylated flavones (pmfs) have been studied in pigmented orange (citrus sinensis) juices and second-pressure extracts (spes) by high-performance liquid chromatography and diode array detector. detection was performed simultaneously at two different wavelengths: 278 nm (for determination of fgs) and 325 nm (for determination of pmfs). qualitative distribution patterns of fgs and pmfs in juices and spes were similar, although the quantitative results are quite ... | 2000 | 11087509 |
| specificities of functionally expressed chalcone and acridone synthases from ruta graveolens. | the common rue, ruta graveolens l., expresses two types of closely related polyketide synthases that condense three malonyl-coas with n-methylanthraniloyl-coa or 4-coumaroyl-coa to produce acridone alkaloids and flavonoid pigments, respectively. two acridone synthase cdnas (acs1 and acs2) have been cloned from ruta cell cultures, and we report now the cloning of three chalcone synthase cdnas (chs1 to chs3) from immature ruta flowers. the coding regions of these three cdnas differ only marginally ... | 2000 | 11054106 |
| organochlorine pesticide residues in italian citrus essential oils, 1991-1996. | organochlorine pesticide contamination in 148 lemon essential oils, 123 sweet orange oils, 121 mandarin oils, and 147 bergamot oils produced in italy in the years 1991-1996 was studied by hrgc-ecd. confirmation analyses were carried out by gc-ms. tetradifon, dicofol and its decomposition product 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone were found. over the course of the study dicofol and tetradifon residues steadily decreased; the percentage of contaminated samples reflects this course and decreases considerab ... | 2000 | 10725152 |
| micropropagation of sweet orange, citrus sinensis osbeck. for the development of nucellar seedlings. | protocol for micropropagation of elite plants of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) through nucellar embryo culture has been standardized. three to four nucellar embryos and a zygotic embryo could be excised from a single mature seed and successfully generated as healthy plants in basal ms medium. ms medium supplemented with naa (1 mg/l) or 2, 4.d (1 mg/l) promoted callus development in both nucellar and zygotic embryos. ga3 (1 mg/l) enriched medium induced plantlets initiation but their growth was ... | 2000 | 10927871 |
| fast hplc for the analysis of oxygen heterocyclic compounds of citrus essential oils. | a fast hplc method for the determination of the oxygen heterocyclic compounds of citrus essential oils was developed. five different oils were analyzed under identical conditions, by reversed-phase hplc with photodiode array detector, for a direct comparison of the composition of their oxygen heterocyclic fraction. analysis time was 7 min. the oils analyzed were lemon, bergamot, mandarin, sweet orange, and bitter orange. the method developed is good for rapid screening or fingerprinting of these ... | 1999 | 10552795 |
| [genetic analysis of leaf-parent-type plants regenerated from somatic hybridization in citrus]. | the leaf indexes and stoma characteristics of leaf-parent-type regenerants were the same as those of the leaf parent rough lemon, but quite different from the somatic hybrids. leaf-parent-type plants were diploid (2n = 2x = 18). patterns of pox, ppo, got isozymes were identical to those of rough lemon. the plants were analyzed by using 54 arbitrary primers with polymorphisms. most of the primers (52) showed that leaf-parent-type plants were in concordance with rough lemon. however, with primer o ... | 1999 | 10589164 |
| microsporogenesis in a citrus interspecific tetraploid somatic hybrid and its fusion parents | microsporogenesis was analysed in a tetraploid somatic hybrid (sh) (2n=4x=36) of citrus and its diploid fusion parents (2n=2x=18), valencia sweet orange (c. sinensis l. osbeck) and femminello lemon (c. limon l. burm. f.). intergenomic pairing between lemon and orange occurred in the somatic hybrid which showed multivalent chromosome associations in diakinesis, although one quadrivalent was definitely because of a reciprocal translocation present in valencia. the behaviour of univalents was varia ... | 1999 | 10583538 |
| identification of two chilling-regulated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase genes from citrus (citrus sinensis osbeck) fruit. | diurnal change in the temperature below or above 12.5 degrees c hastens the degreening of citrus peel and elicits the phytohormone ethylene production in citrus fruit. ethylene triggers the degradation of chlorophyll and synthesis of carotenoids in citrus peel. to investigate if ethylene is required for the degreening of citrus peel elicited by low temperatures, we studied the chilling-regulated gene expression of acc synthase, one of the key enzymes catalyzing ethylene biosynthesis. we isolated ... | 1999 | 10645719 |
| chemical composition and selected functional properties of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) seed flour. | flour samples were prepared from dehulled and undehulled sweet orange (citrus sinensis) seeds. the flour samples were evaluated for proximate composition, mineral content and selected functional properties. proximate analysis showed a composition of 54.2% fat, 28.5% carbohydrate, 5.5% crude fiber, 3.1% crude protein and 2.5% ash for the dehulled orange seed flour (dry weight). mineral analyses showed high levels of calcium and potassium in flour samples. partially defatted and undefatted flour s ... | 1999 | 10798346 |
| involvement of proteins in cloud instability of valencia orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] juice. | the present study examined the involvement of proteins in cloud flocculation of valencia orange juice. marked differences in cloud instability were found between juices of different harvest dates. heating of enzymatic pectin degraded juice from april and june harvests resulted in development of clumps and their precipitation. although the juice from both harvesting dates remained hazy, the juice of april harvest was more turbid than that from june. usually clarification increases as the temperat ... | 1999 | 10552537 |
| ultrafiltration performance of heat-treated shamouti orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] juice. | during ultrafiltration of orange juice with inorganic membranes, heating of the juice prior to the filtration experiment resulted in a significant increase of the fouling indices. the effect of the irreversible fouling (rif) was always high, whereas the reversible fouling (rrf) depended on the treatment. it was clearly seen that fouling was reduced after pectin degradation, but the heat treatment applied to the juice before filtration still resulted in reduced fluxes. it is suggested that pectin ... | 1999 | 10552535 |
| antioxidant effectiveness as influenced by phenolic content of fresh orange juices. | several fresh orange juices, obtained from five different citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck varieties (three pigmented varieties, moro, sanguinello, and tarocco, and two blond varieties, valencia late and washington navel), were subjected to antioxidant profile determination (including total polyphenols, flavanones, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and ascorbic acid). the antioxidant activity of these juices was then assessed by means of different "in vitro" tests (bleaching of the stable 1,1-diph ... | 1999 | 10552879 |
| involvement of proteins in cloud instability of shamouti orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] juice. | the present study provides evidence for the involvement of protein in cloud instability of natural orange juice. no heat-coagulable proteins were found in the serum. insoluble cloud matter (icm) was heat-flocculated following enzymatic pectin degradation (epd). the degree of flocculation depended on temperature (from approximately 50 to 75 degrees c) and was highest at ph 3.5. the fresh juice contained about 6.5 and 1.8 mg ml(-1) of icm and alcohol-insoluble solids of the serum (aiss), respectiv ... | 1999 | 10552536 |
| high-temperature forced-air treatment alters the quantity of flavor-related, volatile constituents present in navel and valencia oranges. | a number of volatile compounds that contribute to orange flavor were quantified following high-temperature forced-air (htfa) treatment of the fruit to determine if a relationship exists between the flavor loss that is observed following htfa treatment and the volatile composition of the juice. following different durations of htfa treatment, fruit were stored for a period of 4 weeks and juiced and the juice subjected to headspace analysis using either a tenax/carbotrap column or a solid-phase mi ... | 1999 | 10606592 |
| effect of juice extractor settings on juice cloud stability. | juice was extracted from valencia oranges using three different extractor settings. differential juice cloud stability was observed. soft-extracted juice was the most stable, and hard-extracted juice was the least stable. the medium-extracted juice had intermediate cloud stability. yearly (1997 versus 1998) differences were observed, but the relationship among the juices did not change. addition of protein extracts, obtained from each juice, to pasteurized juice also resulted in differential clo ... | 1999 | 10552577 |
| inactivation of heat-resistant pectinmethylesterase from orange by manothermosonication. | pectinmethylesterase of navel oranges shows two fractions greatly differing in thermostability. the most thermostable fraction accounts for approximately 10% of total activity. the thermal inactivation of this fraction follows first-order kinetics both in 5 mm, ph 3.5, citrate buffer and in orange juice at the same ph, showing a z value of 5.1 degrees c and an activation energy (e(a)) of 435 kj mol(-)(1) k(-)(1). the heat resistance of the enzyme is approximately 25-fold higher in the juice than ... | 1999 | 10563912 |
| citrus and prunuscopia-like retrotransposons. | many of the world's most important citrus cultivars ("washington navel", satsumas, clementines) have arisen through somatic mutation. this phenomenon occurs fairly often in the various species and varieties of the genus.the presence of copia-like retrotransposons has been investigated in fruit trees, especially citrus, by using a pcr assay designed to detect copia-like reverse transcriptase (rt) sequences. amplification products from a genotype of each the following species citrus sinensis, citr ... | 1999 | 22665184 |
| the larvicidal activities of the peel oils of three citrus fruits against culex pipiens. | the larviciddal action of three ethanol extracts of peel oils of lemon, grapefruit and navel orange were tested against the early 4th instar larvae of culex pipiens and the resulting pupae. the lc50 were 18.5, 20.3 and 26.5 and the slope functions were 2.9, 2.9 and 3.9 respectively. the action of the lemon extract extended to the pupae which resulted from larvae exposed to sublethal dose. some of the pupae were unable to escape from the larval exuviae. | 1999 | 10605488 |
| chlorophyll breakdown by chlorophyllase: isolation and functional expression of the chlase1 gene from ethylene-treated citrus fruit and its regulation during development. | we report on the isolation, functional expression and characterization of a cdna encoding chlorophyllase, the enzyme catalyzing the first step in the chlorophyll breakdown pathway. the chlase1 cdna from valencia orange (citrus sinensis cv. valencia) was obtained by rt-pcr using degenerate primers based on the amino acid sequence of the previously purified protein. chlase1 encodes a protein of 329 amino acids, including a sequence domain characterizing serine-lipases and a putative chloroplast-di ... | 1999 | 10652137 |
| enhancing microbiological safety of fresh orange juice by fruit immersion in hot water and chemical sanitizers. | trials were conducted with hot water and chemicals to sanitize valencia oranges contaminated by natural microflora or inoculated with escherichia coli. microbial loads and sensory quality of fresh juice extracted from surface-heated fruit were also evaluated. e. coli on fruit surfaces was reduced by either hot water or chemical treatments. an estimated 5-log reduction of e. coli was attained by immersing inoculated fruit in hot water at 80 degrees c for 1 min or 70 degrees c for 2 min. immersing ... | 1999 | 10419268 |
| a triply cloned strain of xylella fastidiosa multiplies and induces symptoms of citrus variegated chlorosis in sweet orange | xylella fastidiosa isolate 8.1.b obtained from a sweet orange tree affected by citrus variegated chlorosis in the state of sao paulo, brazil, and shown in 1993 to be the causal agent of the disease, was cloned by repeated culture in liquid and on solid pw medium, yielding triply cloned strain 9a5c. the eighth and the 16th passages of strain 9a5c were mechanically inoculated into sweet orange plants. presence of x. fastidiosa in sweet orange leaves of shoots having grown after inoculation (first- ... | 1999 | 10398837 |
| molecular characterization of an isolate of citrus tristeza virus that causes severe symptoms in sweet orange. | the complete sequence (19,249 nucleotides) of the genome of citrus tristeza virus (ctv) isolate sy568 was determined. the genome organization is identical to that of the previously determined ctv-t36 and ctv-vt isolates. sequence comparisons revealed that ctv-sy568, a severe stem-pitting isolate from california, has more than 87% overall sequence identity with ctv-vt, a seedling yellows isolate from israel. although sy568 has an overall sequence identity of 81% with ctv-t36, a quick decline isol ... | 1999 | 10541017 |
| differentiation of several geographical origins in single-strength valencia orange juices using quantitative comparison of carotenoid profiles. | pure valencia orange (citrus sinensis) juices (64 samples) from spain, israel, belize, cuba, and florida, harvested during two seasons (1996-1997 and 1997-1998), were analyzed for their carotenoid profiles. the detection of saponified carotenoid pigments has been achieved and quantitated using a photodiode array detection monitored at 350, 430, and 486 nm. carotenoid pigments commonly found in the orange variety valencia have been separated on a polymeric c-30 column using a ternary gradient as ... | 1999 | 10552762 |
| distribution of tgg repeat-related sequences in 'trovita' orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) chromosomes | the clone pas"c" is a sequence related to m13 phage minisatellite sequences isolated from bovine dna. it contains tgg repeats, and related sequences are abundant in the citrus genome. fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) signals detected using this clone as a probe showed that the tgg repeat-related sequences are found on all the citrus chromosomes, but are not found in citrus-specific cma+/dapi- heterochromatic regions located at the extreme ends of each chromosome. these data suggest that ... | 1999 | 10659794 |
| insecticidal properties of citrus oils against culex pipiens and musca domestica. | peel oils of lemon, grapefruit and navel orange were tested for insecticidal activities against larvae and adults of culex pipiens and musca domestica. lemon peel oil was the most effective against larvae and adults of c. pipiens. grapefruit peel oil was more toxic to adults of m. domestica while lemon oil, was more toxic musca larvae. on the other hand, the orange peel oil was the least effective against larvae and adults of both species. the toxicity of oils applied to larval stages was extend ... | 1998 | 9707687 |
| relationship between volatile components of citrus fruit essential oils and antimicrobial action on penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum. | this study examined the effect of volatile components of citrus fruit essential oils on p. digitatum and p. italicum growth. the hydrodistilled essential oils of orange (citrus sinensis cvv. "washington navel", "sanguinello", "tarocco", "moro", "valencia late", and "ovale"), bitter (sour) orange (c. aurantium), mandarin (c. deliciosa cv. "avana"), grapefruit (c. paradisi cvv. "marsh seedless" and "red blush"), citrange (c. sinensis x poncirus trifoliata cvv. "carrizo" and "troyer"), and lemon (c ... | 1998 | 9761340 |
| pectin methyl esterase from orange fruit: characterization and localization by in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. | pectin methyl esterase (pme) from orange (citrus sinensis l.) fruit peels has been purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, and ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. characterization of the enzyme revealed a 36-kda protein with an isoelectric point > 9, a ph optimum at 7 and temperature optimum at 50 degrees c. the substrate specificity and kinetic experiments showed that the affinity of pme for pectin was highly dependent on the degree of esterification (de) of the pectin, with k( ... | 1998 | 9821684 |
| chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation of juice from steamed cashew apple blended with orange juice. | fully riped cashew apples (yellow variety) were steamed for 7 minutes prior to juice extraction. the extracted juice was blended with various proportions of sweet orange juice. chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation were carried out on both the blended and unblended juices. the ascorbic acid content of unsteamed cashew apple juice was 287 mg/100 ml. steaming of the cashew apple prior to juice extraction resulted in a decreased (230 mg/100 ml) content of ascorbic acid. it also led to sl ... | 1997 | 9477424 |
| cdna cloning and expression of a class ii acidic chitinase from sweet orange. | a citrus cdna encoding a class ii acidic chitinase was isolated from a nonembryogenic cell line of sweet orange using the tobacco cdna clone prob3. northern blot analysis revealed that the corresponding mrna is expressed in young, green bark but not in leaves, roots, or flavedo. | 1997 | 9116036 |
| pollination increases gibberellin levels in developing ovaries of seeded varieties of citrus. | reproductive and vegetative tissues of the seeded pineapple cultivars of sweet orange (citrus sinensis l.) contained the following c-13 hydroxylated gibberellins (gas): ga53, ga17, ga19, ga20, ga1, ga29, and ga8, as well as ga97, 3-epi-ga1, and several uncharacterized gas. the inclusion of 3-epi-ga1 as an endogenous substance was based on measurements of the isomerization rates of previously added [2h2]ga1. pollination enhanced amounts of ga19, ga20, ga29, and ga8 in developing ovaries. levels o ... | 1997 | 12223728 |
| occurrence of citrus viroids in costa rica. | a survey for citrus viroids was conducted in the major citrus commercial growing areas in costa rica. screening of 36 sweet orange and 12 lemon trees resulted in the detection of members of four of the five citrus viroid groups as determined by nucleic acid hybridization using specific rna probes and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using specific oligonucleotide primers. cevd, cvd-iia, cvd-iib and cvd-iii viroids were found to be widespread in the three main regions of commercial citrus producti ... | 1997 | 9611301 |
| effects of fruit juices of citrus sinensis l. and citrus limon l. on experimental hypercholesterolemia in the rat. | in citrus juices there are various substances of different chemical nature, some of which possess already-known hypocholesterolemic properties. therefore it has seemed interesting to evaluate the effects of a prolonged administration of lyophilized juices of citrus sinensis l. osbeck and citrus limon l. burm fil. in diet-induced rat hypercholesterolemia. lyophilized citrus juices were administered for 15 days (by gavage, at the dose of 5g/kg in aqueous veicle in a volume of 0.5 ml/100 g body wei ... | 1996 | 23194620 |
| in vitro cytotoxic effect of some medicinal plants containing flavonoids. | aqueous, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of citrus sinensis l. (osbeck), euphrasia officinalis l., glycyrrhiza glabra l., matricaria recutita l., rosa canina l. and ruta graveolens l. have been studied. the cytotoxicity of the drugs assayed was evaluated "in vitro" by means of the dye test using cells of the yoshida ascites sarcoma. the aqueous extract of citrus sinensis l. (osbeck); the petroleum ether extract of glycyrrhiza glabra l.; the ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of rosa c ... | 1996 | 8913055 |
| characterization of seven basic endochitinases isolated from cell cultures of citrus sinensis (l.). | seven endochitinases (ec 3.2.1.14) (relative molecular masses 23,000-28,000 and isoelectric points 10.3-10.4) were purified from nonembryogenic citrus sinensis l. osbeck cv. valencia callus tissue. the basic chitinase/lysozyme from this tissue (bclvc) exhibited lysozyme, chitinase and chitosanase activities and was determined to be a class iii chitinase. while bclvc acted as a lysozyme at ph 4.5 and low ionic strength (0.03) it acted as a chitinase/chitosanase at high ionic strengths (0.2) with ... | 1996 | 8931350 |
| characterization of heterochromatic regions in 'trovita' orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) chromosomes by the fluorescent staining and fish methods. | cma/dapi double staining and fish methods using rdna and telomere specific repeated sequences as probes were applied to characterize the large amount of heterochromatin in the telomeric regions of 'trovita' orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) chromosomes. as a result, all the heterochromatic regions were cma+/dapi-, and thus were gc rich. three cma+/dapi- heterochromatic regions were positive to the 26s rdna probe. telomere arrays consisting of tm(a)gn were detected on the extreme ends of each chrom ... | 1996 | 8890521 |
| further evidence of a cybridization requirement for plant regeneration from citrus leaf protoplasts following somatic fusion. | somatic hybridization experiments in citrus that involve the fusion of protoplasts of one parent isolated from either nucellus-derived embryogenic callus or suspension cultures with leaf-derived protoplasts of a second parent, often result in the regeneration of diploid plants that phenotypically resemble the leaf parent. in this study, plants of this type regenerated following somatic fusions of the following three parental combinations were analyzed to determine their genetic origin (nuclear a ... | 1996 | 24178608 |
| analysis of bitter essential oils from orange and grapefruit by high-performance liquid chromatography with microbore columns. | the analysis of bitter orange and grapefruit essential oils (non-volatile fraction) was carried out by hplc in normal- and reversed-phase mode with uv detection. these oils were compared with the sweet orange and mandarin essential oils, analyzed previously. for the identification of chromatographic peaks, fractionation by rp-hplc was carried out. the purified fractions were analyzed by gc-ms and lc-ms. some new compounds were found, together with many others already identified in different citr ... | 1996 | 8680599 |