Publications

routine screening for corynebacterium diphtheriae.		1990	1978064
[a method of reversed radial immunodiffusion and determination of diphtheria antibodies].	measurements of precipitating antidiphtheria antitoxic and antibacterial antibodies in human blood sera, carried out by this new technique, have demonstrated higher levels of both antibody types in healthy adult vaccinees than in normal subjects who had contacts with diphtheria patients. convalescents after diphtheria develop elevated levels of antitoxic and antibacterial antibodies, these levels growing to reach the concentrations similar to those in healthy vaccinees.	1989	2470970
[a new modification of pizu's medium for the rapid identification of corynebacterium diphtheriae based on the agv medium].	various nutrient bases (dry nutrient agar, erythrol agar, medium for toxigenicity determination, casein-yeast and agv media) have been examined to choose a base for pizu's medium instead of agar d that is no longer manufactured. agv medium has been found the best nutrient base. the method for the preparation of pizu's medium has been simplified. the modified pizu's medium permits the detection of cystinase in c: diphtheriae in 3-5 hrs both in pure and mixed cultures.	1989	2470979
diphtheria among alcoholic urban adults. a decade of experience in seattle.	three outbreaks of corynebacterium diphtheriae infection occurred in seattle's skid road from 1972 through 1982. the first involved a single toxigenic, intermedius biotype clone, whereas the second and third outbreaks involved nontoxigenic mitis and gravis strains. of 1100 total infections, 947 (86%) were cutaneous. the incidence was highest in winter and spring. in skid road, the estimated attack rate during 17 months in 1974 to 1975 was 5% for whites and 27% for native americans. streptococcus ...	1989	2472081
expression of a poliovirus type 1 neutralization epitope on a diphtheria toxin fusion protein.	the diphtheria toxin (dt) secreted by corynebacterium diphtheriae is used after formolization as an efficient vaccine against diphtheria. in an attempt to evaluate its capacity to present heterologous peptide sequence in a recognized form, we created in-phase insertion in the gene encoding the non-toxic mutant protein crm228 of dt. the sequence chosen for insertion was the synthetic dna fragment encoding a poliovirus neutralization epitope. tripartite fusion proteins comprising the mutant dt, th ...	1989	2473577
[a comparative study of nutrient media for isolating corynebacterium diphtheriae].	the diagnostic characteristics of 8 nutrient media most frequently employed at practical bacteriologic laboratories for the isolation of c. diphtheriae have been under study. clauberg-2 medium and blood-tellurite agar have been found the most suitable for the diagnostic studies. addition of extra ingredients to the standard recipe deteriorates the diagnostic potentialities of the media. tinsdal's medium is characterized by the lowest diagnostic efficacy. the schemes of using these media are pres ...	1989	2477635
the molecular epidemiology of three biotypes of corynebacterium diphtheriae in the seattle outbreak, 1972-1982.	between 1972 and 1982 seattle experienced a diphtheria outbreak involving 1,100 cases, primarily adults with cutaneous lesions. biotyping revealed three consecutive overlapping outbreaks including 433 toxinogenic intermedius cases. isolates from each quarter year were examined for dna restriction fragment patterns and hybridization patterns with three dna probes. all intermedius outbreak isolates appeared identical in all analyses and most stock cultures had the outbreak dna fragment pattern, bu ...	1989	2494266
[infections which humans in the household transmit to dogs and cats].	an overview of the most important infections which can be transmitted from humans to pet dogs and cats is presented. two quite different sources of infection stand diametrically opposite each other: 1. the transmission of active human infections to dogs and cats and 2. the transmission of infectious agents by feeding raw meat, offal, unsterilized milk products, kitchen scraps and contaminated feedstuffs. humans can be the source of the following infections: 1. zoonoses with reciprocal modes of t ...	1989	2500809
[evaluation of the efficiency of a new dried nutrient medium for isolating corynebacterium diphtheriae].	tellurite blood media prepared on a new dried base with amino peptide have been found to have advantages, when used for the bacteriological diagnosis of c. diphtheriae infection, over buchin's selective quinosol medium with respect to the rate and time of the isolation of c. diphtheriae; besides, these new media have been found to possess pronounced differentiating properties with respect to the concomitant microflora.	1989	2500817
[the coagglutination reaction for detecting diphtheria toxin].	high-titer antidiphtheria antitoxic rabbit serum has been obtained, and on the basis of this serum a coagglutinating diagnosticum has been developed. the sensitivity of the test has been found to depend on the content of antitoxic antibodies in the serum and on its purity. diagnostica prepared from native serum containing 500 i. u./ml (a titer of 1:51, 200 in the passive hemagglutination test) permit the detection of 0.02-0.03 lf/ml of diphtheria toxin. a decrease in antibody titer to 5-25 i. u. ...	1989	2500820
effect of intracerebrally injected corynebacterium parvum on implanted brain tumor in mice.	experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of corynebacterium parvum on resistance to growth and development of tumor in the central nervous system. a syngeneic sarcoma was injected intracerebrally into c3h/hen/mtv-negative female mice that had received intraperitoneal injections of c. parvum or saline prior to tumor inoculation or that received intraperitoneal c. parvum or saline after tumor inoculation. groups then received an intracerebral injection of c. parvum or saline. our ...	1989	2502606
different sensitivity of pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin a and diphtheria toxin to enzymes from polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	we demonstrate that exotoxin a (exoa) of pseudomonas aeruginosa is one to two orders of magnitude more sensitive than diphtheria toxin (dt) of corynebacterium diphtheriae to lysosomal enzymes from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn). it is especially sensitive to pmn elastase which inactivates its cell free enzymatic activity and its cytotoxicity as measured with the chinese hamster ovary cell assay and the rabbit skin test. sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) sh ...	1989	2502701
structure determination of mycolic acids by using charge remote fragmentation.	the collision-induced remote site fragmentation process of closed-shell ions, such as carboxylate anions, is a very potent analytical tool for the structural determination of fatty acids. this leads to an easy location of branch points, double bonds, cyclopropane rings and other functional groups. although corynomycolic acid mixtures from corynebacterium diphtheriae can be directly analyzed by negative-ion fast atom bombardment combined with collisionally activated decomposition spectra, mycolic ...	1989	2504502
evidence for direct regulation of diphtheria toxin gene transcription by an fe2+-dependent dna-binding repressor, dtoxr, in corynebacterium diphtheriae.	previous studies provided indirect evidence that in corynebacterium diphtheriae regulation of diphtheria toxin gene (tox) transcription by iron is mediated by a bacterial repressor. by performing in vitro protein-dna binding experiments, we establish that a corynebacterial fe2+-sensitive protein, named dtoxr, can bind to a palindromic motif present in the tox promoter region. binding of this factor prevents the interaction of the transcription initiation machinery with presumptive critical promo ...	1989	2506133
[detection of toxin and evaluation of the degree of toxin-formation of corynebacterium diphtheriae using immunoenzyme analysis].	toxin production and the intensity of toxin formation in 265 c. diphtheriae strains circulating in different areas of the ussr have been studied by the method of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). this study has been carried out with the use of the assay system consisting of monoclonal antibodies to the cooh-area of the b-fragment of the toxin molecule adsorbed onto the surface of polystyrene plates, affinity-purified polyclonal antidiphtheria antibodies labeled with horse-radish per ...	1989	2508377
diphtheria in stockholm, with a theory concerning transmission.	since 1984, diphtheria has been diagnosed in sweden, mainly among men abusing alcohol. during the first half of 1986, eight cases of diphtheria were discovered in the city of stockholm. the first three were among men abusing alcohol. the following five cases had no connection with them. these five persons were employed in two companies housed in the same building. the only connection between them was that they ate their lunch at the same restaurant. one alcohol-abusing man had worked temporarily ...	1989	2509569
selective immunotoxins prepared with mutant diphtheria toxins coupled to monoclonal antibodies.		1989	2513466
immunity against diphtheria in adults in poland.	the diphtheria immunity status was determined with the passive haemagglutination technique in 503 sera of 10-90-year-old persons from warsaw and olsztyn provinces. donors of sera were students, teachers, pregnant women, employees of industry and medical service. the immunity was highest (90% of titers 0.1 iu/ml or higher) in persons below 20 years of age and in persons above 60 years of age (55%). between these two groups, gaps in immunity exist, the proportion of those immune varying from 36-50 ...	1989	2514113
production of diphtheria toxin crm228 in b. subtilis.	the gene coding for a nontoxic diphtheria toxin (dt), tox228, was isolated from lysogenic corynebacterium diphtheriae and cloned into pbr322. a mature form of the tox228 gene, lacking its signal sequence, was expressed in bacillus subtilis using a b. amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase secretion vector. to test the possibility of producing partially deleted dt molecules, which could be used for cell-directed toxin conjugates, a truncated form lacking 151 amino acids from the c-terminus of the dt was ...	1989	2515098
diphtheria: experience in a general hospital.	a review of patients with diphtheria seen in the paediatric unit, alor star general hospital, from january 1985-march 1987 is reported. their clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome were analysed and discussed. clinical awareness regarding the diagnosis of diphtheria is emphasised.	1989	2516602
a report of the investigation and control measures instituted after the isolation of toxin-producing corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis from a child in leeds.	this report describes the control measures instituted and further investigations undertaken after the isolation of toxin-producing corynebacterium diphtheriae from a throat swab taken routinely from a nine-year-old boy, recently returned from pakistan, who had been admitted to hospital in leeds with hepatitis a infection. four of his siblings were subsequently shown to have identical corynebacterium diphtheriae on throat swabbing, except that in one child the organism did not produce toxin. all ...	1989	2517490
[isolation of corynebacterium diphtheriae from sperm fluid].	the isolation of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae from sperm is reported. the organism was identified through the investigation of fluorescence under the uv light, the presence of pirazinecarboxilamidase enzyme (pyz), in vitro and in vivo and virulence methods (single radial immunodiffusion, cell culture, guinea pig intradermic test). the strain was initially considered nontoxinogenic by single radial immunodiffusion, but its virulence was observed afterwards, when we applied the tests alre ...	1989	2517567
[the epidemic process of diphtheria infection in the rsfsr during the introduction of epidemiological surveillance].	in this work the characterization of the epidemic process of diphtheria infection on the territory of the rsfsr under the conditions of epidemiological surveillance (1983-1986) is presented. in comparison with the period of 1979-1982, an increase in morbidity rate occurred, which accounts for more complete detection of patients with mild forms of diphtheria, including persons found to be carriers of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. beginning from 1983, the leveling out of seasonal morbidit ...	1989	2528876
[the use of dna fingerprint analysis for the differentiation of populations of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae].	13 c. diphtheriae strains were used as a model to establish the conditions of making the fingerprint analysis of chromosomal dna. these strains, subdivided into 7 groups in accordance with the character of their restriction splitting, were mostly isolated from territorially close sources and belonged to the same phagotype. probably, c. diphtheriae dna has strain variations manifested by an unequal number and location of the sites of the recognition of specific endonucleases, which may be used fo ...	1989	2530743
[the relationships between antitoxic titers determined in a group of young people before and after booster adt by the in vivo neutralization test. comparative nt-phar evaluations].	the geometrical mean of antitoxic titers determined in a lot of immunized young men who received, 5-7 years before, a booster with diphtheria-tetanus bivaccine, was of 1.54 (x/divided by 10.54) i.u./ml. at one month after another booster, performed with tetanus toxoid (adsorbed), an increase of 34 times was recorded, the geometrical mean reaching the value of 52.67 (x/divided by 10.42 i.u./ml). the covering coefficients of the minimal protective antitoxin level have increased from 154 to 5267, i ...	1989	2561337
different species of corynebacteria in human investigations in cairo.	in investigations undertaken in cairo of ocular smears the following corynebacteria were isolated: corynebacterium a4, corynebacterium a5, corynebacterium bovis, corynebacterium aquaticum, corynebacterium diphtheriae, corynebacterium equi, corynebacterium f2, corynebacterium kutscheri, corynebacterium minutissimi, corynebacterium renale, corynebacterium xerosis, corynebacterium group i, corynebacterium spec. (at present not classified). in this study the hitherto isolated species and possible hu ...	1989	2689286
diphtheroids as ocular pathogens.	unlike corynebacterium diphtheriae and propionibacterium acnes, the pleomorphic gram-positive rods known as diphtheroids are generally regarded as nonpathogenic contaminants of the human external eye. we reviewed five years of microbiology records at wills eye hospital and studied a series of eight cases of apparently infectious keratitis associated with heavy growth of diphtheroids on cultures of ulcer scrapings. all of these cases included indolent ulcers that occurred almost exclusively in el ...	1989	2774033
antimicrobial activity of julifloricine isolated from prosopis juliflora.	antimicrobial activity of julifloricine, an alkaloid isolated from prosopis juliflora, was studied in vitro against 40 microorganisms which included 31 bacteria, two candida species, five dermatophytic fungi and two viruses. significant inhibitory effect was noted against gram positive bacteria. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) for staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, s. citreus, streptococcus pyogenes and sarcina lutea was 1 microgram/ml and against s. faecalis, s. pneumoniae, s. la ...	1989	2775330
molecular epidemiology of the 1984-1986 outbreak of diphtheria in sweden.	despite mass vaccination against diphtheria, many people have antibody titers below the protective level of 0.01 iu per milliliter. a recent outbreak of diphtheria in sweden caused 17 clinical cases of diphtheria in the city of göteborg; three of the patients died. a satellite outbreak occurred in stockholm after a few months' delay. using a new genetic probe, we analyzed 36 strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in sweden and denmark during the period 1976 to 1986. although the 36 stra ...	1988	2827023
epidemiology of diphtheria: polypeptide and restriction enzyme analysis in comparison with conventional phage typing.	several methods for epidemiological typing of corynebacterium diphtheriae were compared with the well accepted phage typing analysis. for this purpose, isolates from outbreaks of diphtheria in specific areas of the frg and sweden were analyzed by phage typing, their bacterial polypeptide profiles were examined and their phage-dna restriction enzyme patterns were compared. all techniques were able to identify whether certain outbreaks were epidemiologically linked or not. phage typing and phage-d ...	1988	2839340
antibody level of new zealand children immunized with the triple vaccine dtp (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis).	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests were used to measure igg antibody levels in 2638 new zealand children who had been immunized with the triple vaccine dtp. the percentage of children immune to diphtheria decreased with age. the percentage of children immune to tetanus varied from 67.1 to 55.0%. the percentage of children with measurable antibody to pertussis increased with age. the mean percentages of children with measurable antibody or immunity to one or more dtp components were ...	1988	2903065
diphtheria-related peptide hormone gene fusions: a molecular genetic approach to chimeric toxin development.	there has been considerable effort in chemically conjugating a variety of plant and bacterial toxins to monoclonal antibodies that are directed to surface antigens on target cells. coupling has been mediated through disulfide linkage, and the resulting conjugates are known generically as immunotoxins. in general, there are a few shortfalls to this approach. for example, since it is clear that not all surface antigens are internalized, one cannot predict the fate of a given it once bound to its d ...	1988	2908622
[epidemiological surveillance of diphtheria infection in the territory of the azerbaijan ssr].	a complex of measures carried out with a view of effecting the epidemiological surveillance of diphtheria infection has made it possible to study the level and intensity of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus, determined in the passive hemagglutination test, in the child and adult population and to reveal groups, least protected against diphtheria infection. bacteriological studies on the biological properties of corynebacterium diphtheriae have revealed the contamination of various groups of chi ...	1988	2966528
[incidence of diphtheria (data of the results of the bacteriologic examination of patients with tonsillitis)].		1988	2977231
[cutaneous diphtheria imported from tropical countries].	two cases of imported cutaneous diphtheria from tropical areas are described. vacationing in the seychelles, a 29-year-old man injured his left malleolus a few weeks before his return to switzerland. the wound did not heal and an ulcer developed. microbiologic investigation yielded toxinogenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. there were no signs of systemic intoxication. the man had not been vaccinated against diphtheria since childhood. in the second case a 51-year-old woman returned from thailand ...	1988	3133761
use of fosfomycin disks for isolation of diphtheroids.	a fosfomycin disk (200 micrograms) placed on blood agar was used to select diphtheroids from clinical specimens. all corynebacterium type strains tested, representing ten different groups of diphtheroids, and 150 toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae from different outbreaks, overgrew the fosfomycin disk, while other aerobic gram-positive rods had a large inhibition zone. the method increased the rate of isolation of diphtheroids in 1267 clinical specimens fivefold, from 1.4% to 7.6%, ...	1988	3134212
expression of a biologically active diphtheria toxin fragment b in escherichia coli.	the toxb gene of corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteriophage beta encoding the b fragment of diphtheria toxin was cloned into an inducible expression vector. when expressed in escherichia coli, fragment b was not proteolysed and was indistinguishable, by immunological criteria, from wild-type c. diphtheriae-derived fragment b. soluble fragment b was partially purified from the cytoplasm by saline precipitation steps and was shown to compete with the wild-type diphtheria toxin for binding to recept ...	1988	3135463
epidemiological typing of corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in sweden 1984-1986.	from september 1984 to december 1986 121 cases of culture-positive diphtheria were reported to the national bacteriological laboratory in stockholm. toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae nongravis was isolated from all but one of 33 patients with disease and from 69 healthy carriers. 63/65 toxigenic isolates, available for epidemiological typing, had the same phage type, 20, and the same restriction enzyme pattern, re2. this included strains isolated both from patients inside and outside of the ...	1988	3135587
[toxic diphtheria in adults in dresden 1986. report of the first case of diphtheria in east germany in 13 years and conclusions drawn from this case].		1988	3136595
[rapid determination of the enzyme activity of meningococci and the causative agents of diphtheria].		1988	3137726
[indices of diphtheria (antitoxic) immunity in the dynamics of the disease and its treatment in adults].	a total of 1,034 serum samples from 618 persons, including patients with different forms of diphtheria, carriers of the toxigenic forms of corynebacterium diphtheriae, and angina patients, were studied. analysis of the incidence of antibodies to c. diphtheriae toxin and their titers revealed that in more than half of all diphtheria patients no antibodies to c. diphtheriae toxin were detected upon admission to hospital. at the same time in 26% of the patients no antibodies were detected during th ...	1988	3137746
analysis of the diphtheria tox promoter by site-directed mutagenesis.	by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, we introduced alterations in the two putative -10 regions of the diphtheria tox promoter which are positioned at -50 and -56 from the gug tox initiation signal. the -10 region positioned at -50 is favored in the expression of adp-ribosyltransferase activity from the wild-type tox promoter in recombinant escherichia coli; however, the promoter down mutation at position -50 is compensated for by increased activity of the -10 region positioned at -56.	1988	3142864
[the significance of the level of immunity in organized collectives in performing epidemiologic surveillance for diphtheria, tetanus and measles].		1988	3143180
[comparative evaluation of methods for isolating corynebacterium diphtheriae from carriers].		1988	3143181
[comparative analysis of the dna of corynebacterium diphtheriae phages and the cloning of the gene determining diphtheria toxin synthesis].	the analysis of the dna of one nontoxigenic c. diphtheriae phage and two toxigenic ones has revealed that phage phi 984tox+ belongs to omega-like tox+ phages, phage phi 9tox+ is a representative of a new group of phages and phage b (freeman) tox is a deletion mutant of phage beta. the location of this deletion on the physical map of this phage has been established. to obtain the physical map of phage phi 984tox+, the complete library of internal dna fragments has been constructed in vector pbr 3 ...	1988	3143205
[immunomodulating properties of the antigens of the cell walls of nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae].	the total protein fraction was obtained by extraction with nonionic detergent np-40. the fraction composition and molecular parameters were studied with dds-na electrophoresis in polyacryl amide gel. common properties of the corynebacterium diphtheriae protein fraction 66 kd and an analogous fraction of the cell walls of staphylococci and the measles virus were shown with immunoblotting. cell-mediated mechanisms of the immune response to contact with antigens of corynebacterium diphtheriae cell ...	1988	3143322
[evaluation of the yield in the purification of diphtheria toxoid using ammonium sulfate and gel filtration].		1988	3146122
[a new dried nutrient medium for the isolation of corynebacterium diphtheriae (its development and experimental study)].	a new dried diagnostic medium for the isolation of c. diphtheriae has been developed on the basis of aminopeptide. this new aminopeptide-based medium compares favorably with buchin's medium in its growth and inhibitory properties.	1988	3146190
diphtheria toxin: purification and properties.		1988	3148099
[diphtheria: antibody levels and vaccination history in target groups of the latium region].		1988	3149730
[characteristics of the serologic antibacterial response of patients with diphtheria and of bacterial carriers].	the enzyme immunoassay system for the detection of specific antibacterial antibodies to corynebacterium diphtheriae membrane protein (mol. wt. 64 kd) has been used. the physicochemical nature of these antibacterial antibodies has been established and their quantitative characteristics have been determined. the analysis of the dynamics of the formation of antimicrobial igg- and igm-antibodies in diphtheria patients (on days 3-28 of the disease) has shown that by the time of convalescence the anti ...	1988	3149838
[characteristics of the sensitivity and specificity of methods of immunoenzyme analysis with a conjugate of protein a and peroxidase].		1988	3152019
the comparative in-vitro activity of ofloxacin.	the antibacterial activity of ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against a wide range of clinical bacterial isolates and compared with that of nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, enoxacin, pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics). ofloxacin was very active against nalidixic acid-susceptible isolates of the enterobacteriaceae (mic less than or equal to 0.12 mg/l) and was also active against strains resistant to nalidixic acid (mic less than o ...	1988	3182468
estimation of corynebacterium diphtheriae antitoxin in human sera: a comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the toxin neutralisation test.	serum samples from 101 individuals were titrated for corynebacterium diphtheriae antitoxin by an igg-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a neutralisation test in tissue culture (tc). in some of the sera, the concentrations of antitoxin determined by the two assays were different; antitoxin values in these sera were titrated again by neutralisation tests in guinea pigs (gnt). antitoxin concentrations of greater than 0.01 iu/ml by gnt partly corresponded to values obtained in bo ...	1988	3357194
the use of sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in epidemiological studies of corynebacterium diphtheriae.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell proteins was investigated as a possible typing method for corynebacterium diphtheriae. a method was developed using stock strains which were representatives of the five gravis serotypes described by robinson & peeney (1936). this technique was then applied to recent isolates sent to our laboratory for identification.	1988	3123261
[molecular genetic and biotechnology aspects in studying toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae].		1987	3124723
[cloning of the structural gene for diphtheria toxin from corynebacterium diphtheriae pw8 and expression of its deletion derivative in e. coli].	the coding region of diphtheria toxin gene from corynebacterium diphtheriae pw8 was cloned in escherichia coli on puc19 plasmid. 5' end of the gene was deleted. the deleted gene codes for a toxin like protein truncated for 36 n-terminal aminoacids. the modified gene was fused with 5' terminal part of the lacz gene on puc19 plasmid having kept the translational frame intact. the hybrid gene transcription depends on lacp promoter, mr of the resulting toxoid is 54,000. the toxoid is devoid of adp-r ...	1987	3127695
[humoral immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in pregnant women and newborn infants].	pregnant and parturient women have been examined in different regions of the ussr: moscow, the turkmen ssr, the azerbaijan ssr and the uzbek ssr. altogether 720 placental sera and 522 funic sera have been checked for the presence of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in the passive hemagglutination test. considerable groups of women with the insufficient level of immunity to diphtheria (40-66%) and tetanus (42.1-58.8%) have been revealed in different republics. among women over 70 year ...	1987	3128029
dna element of corynebacterium diphtheriae with properties of an insertion sequence and usefulness for epidemiological studies.	the segment of dna which is inserted within the tox gene of bacteriophage gamma and is responsible for its tox- phenotype was found to be present and repeated approximately 30 times in the chromosome of corynebacterium diphtheriae belfanti 1030. other c. diphtheriae strains contained a variable number of copies (1 to 25) of the same element. sequence analysis showed that this repeated and interspersed dna element was flanked by 9-base-pair direct repeats and that the 5' and 3' ends of the insert ...	1987	3025175
cell-mediated immunity assessed by skin testing (multitest). i. normal values in healthy danish adults.	the multitest cmi system consists of a disposable multiple puncture device that simultaneously applies seven standardized recall antigens for assessment of cell-mediated immunity (cmi). the seven antigens included were toxoid from clostridium tetani and corynebacterium diphtheriae, tuberculin, plus antigens from streptococcus (group c), candida albicans, trichophyton mentagrophytes, and proteus mirabilis. a population of 352 healthy danish adults, aged between 17 and 90 years, was tested to dete ...	1987	3425857
[determination of the toxigenicity of corynebacterium diphtheriae by using paper indicator disks].	the method for the determination of the toxigenicity of c. diphtheriae by means of discs impregnated with diphtheria antitoxin is proposed. the discs can be prepared long before use and stored for a year. the determination of toxigenicity with these discs is not inferior in its sensitivity to the routine procedure of the immunoprecipitation test. the disc method decreases the consumption of unavailable diphtheria antitoxin by 10 times, that of culture media by 2-2.5 times: besides, it is less la ...	1987	3604504
[8 cases of diphtheria observed in guadeloupe from 1979 to 1984].	from 1979 to 1984, 8 cases of diphtheria were diagnosed in basse-terre, in children aged 11 months to 6 years. all of them were badly or not vaccinated at all. they showed the common clinical features; two patients had only pharyngitis. corynebacterium diphtheriae was isolated from the throat in 6 patients. all children were successfully treated by early administration of antitoxin and antibiotics.	1987	3607997
prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris.	the clinical and bacteriological findings in a case of prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae are presented. the patient died despite adequate medical therapy. this appears to be the first report of endocarditis caused by this species in a prosthetic aortic valve.	1987	3611323
an outbreak of diphtheria among swedish alcoholics.	after 25 years without any indigenous cases of diphtheria in sweden, an outbreak occurred in the city of göteborg, during 1984 to 1986. a group of alcoholics constituted the reservoir of corynebacterium diphtheriae. the outbreak included 13 clinical cases and 65 carriers. the death-to-case ratio and the complication rate among the clinical cases was high, with three fatal cases and six patients developing reversible paralyses. the fatal cases had no history of previous immunization. the outbreak ...	1987	3692607
[observation of the serological effect and immune resistance of 2-dose immunization with adsorbed dtp].		1987	2888535
corynebacterium diphtheriae in the environment of carriers and patients.	a total of 533 throat and nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from 328 staff who nursed cases of diphtheria and carriers of corynebacterium diphtheriae; none yielded c. diphtheriae. only one out of 189 environmental samples relating to 22 patients and carriers was positive. in addition, one carrier with chronic skin disease was found to have widespread colonization with c. diphtheriae. several samples both from his hospital room and home yielded c. diphtheriae, indicating that he was a 'disper ...	1987	2891757
[restriction analysis of the dna of the toxigenic corynephages bf, phi 984, phi 9 and c].	the results of restriction analysis of toxigenic corynephages bf, phi 984, phi 9, and c are presented. phage bf was shown to be a deletion derivative of phage beta vir, phage phi 984 to be omega-like. toxigenic corynephages phi 9 and c belong to a new group of corynephages designated phi. dna of phages phi 9 and c as well as chromosomal dna of the indicator strains was not hydrolysed by specific hind iii endonuclease, that is likely to be associated with the presence of a modification system in ...	1987	2893490
[dynamics of diphtheria morbidity and population immunity].	observations on the stratum immune to diphtheria among the population, carried out over a period of many years and involving more than 37,000 people, have shown its gradual decrease in all adult age groups. in recent years the number of adults susceptible to diphtheria exceeded the number of susceptible children by 10.6%, and in some age groups by 18.5-21.8%, which makes for the total increase of diphtheria morbidity in recent years owing to its rise among adults. regular revaccination of the ad ...	1987	2953152
[epidemiological and immunological assessment of a schedule of prophylactic inoculations].	the epidemiological and immunological evaluation of two immunization schedules approved by the orders of the ussr ministry of health no. 322 of april 24, 1973, and no. 50 of january 14, 1980, has been made on the basis of the results obtained in the brest region of the byelorussian ssr and in the turkmen ssr. according to these results, the use of the schedule approved by order no. 50 has made it possible to increase the groups of children receiving correct and timely immunization with measles v ...	1987	2954343
silica gel as transport medium for corynebacterium diphtheriae under tropical conditions (indonesia )	silica gel was confirmed as a useful transport medium for corynebacterium diphtheriae in the investigation of diphtheria cases in which there is no ready access to laboratory facilities.	1987	3034972
isolation and characterization of an amphipathic antigen from corynebacterium diphtheriae.	amphipathic antigen was isolated from corynebacterium diphtheriae park-williams number 8 cells by extraction with 47.5% phenol, nuclease treatment and gel filtration on sepharose 6b. the chemical composition of the amphipathic antigen was hexose (73.8%), pentose (4.6%), fatty acids (9.8%) and glycerol (4.5%). the amphipathic antigen contained arabinose and mannose as sugars at a molar ratio of 1:6 and the major fatty acids were palmitic (c16:0) acid and palmitoleic (c16:1) acid (64.2% and 26.2%, ...	1987	3039312
[diphtheria, an imported disease].	a comparative analysis of 4256 persons living in the federal republic of germany and 4751 applicants for asylum in the frg allows the conclusion that in the frg diphtheria is caused by imported toxinogenic strains, originating mostly from developing countries. since 1975 a total of 109 cases have been observed, 22 ending in death. such severe cases can be avoided by systematic revaccination even of adults.	1987	3104000
diphtheria presenting in the accident and emergency department.	a case of diphtheria encountered in the accident and emergency department is described. in addition, 38 cases of diphtheria have been analysed, and demonstrate that, although now rare in this country, the disease still exists and its clinical features remain unchanged. it presents almost as often in the accident and emergency department as it does to the general practitioner and remains overwhelmingly a disease of children. diphtheria is still a notifiable disease. the diagnosis must be made cli ...	1987	3107580
cloning, sequence determination, and expression in transfected cells of the coding sequence for the tox 176 attenuated diphtheria toxin a chain.	dna including the coding sequence for the a chain of the mutant diphtheria toxin tox 176 was cloned. the cloned mature a-chain coding sequence showed a g-to-a transition at nucleotide 383 as the only difference from the wild-type sequence. this resulted in replacement of the glycine at position 128 by aspartic acid in the predicted amino acid sequence. a eucaryotic cell expression plasmid, pth1-176, was constructed in which the tox 176 a-chain coding sequence was attached to a truncated metallot ...	1987	3110596
transformation of corynebacterium diphtheriae, corynebacterium ulcerans, corynebacterium glutamicum, and escherichia coli with the c. diphtheriae plasmid png2.	the transfection and transformation of members of two species of pathogenic corynebacteria, corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium ulcerans, is described. protoplasts were produced by treatment with lysozyme following growth in glycine, and a medium was defined on which a significant fraction of the osmotically sensitive cells were regenerated. transfections were carried out with dna from corynephage 782, a member of the beta family of converting phages, and transformations were perform ...	1987	3110777
double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of toxin-producing corynebacterium diphtheriae.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining the toxigenicity of corynebacterium diphtheriae is presented. the assay uses hyperimmune horse diphtheria antitoxin as a capture antibody and mouse monoclonal diphtheria antitoxin as a detecting antibody. growth of bacteria and capture of diphtheria toxin by antitoxin are carried out in one step. toxin produced by as little as 100 toxin-producing corynebacteria is detectable, corresponding to a sensitivity of 10 ng of diphtheria toxin per ml. ...	1987	3112181
the nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for diphtheria toxoid crm176.		1987	3112744
[adhesion of corynebacterium diphtheriae].	the conditions for the direct hemagglutination test performed to determine the degree of adhesion of c. diphtheriae were defined. for this test sheep red blood cells, trypsin-treated ex tempore, were used. only newly isolated cultures, subcultured for not more than 2-5 times and stored for not more than 2-7 days or freeze-dried, were employed. the culture to be tested was grown in nutrient agar with 10% of normal horse serum. the test was made in microtitrator round-bottom wells. the mixture of ...	1987	3113135
immunity to diphtheria in young british adults.	of 906 recruits aged between 16 and 20 years who were schick-tested upon entry to the royal air force, 775 were tested for circulating corynebacterium diphtheriae antitioxin by means of an indirect haemagglutination (iha) method. of the total population, 95.7% were schick-test negative, 3.5% were schick-test positive and 0.8% gave pseudo-reactions. of those tested by the iha test, 37.7% were regarded as immune, 47.0% as 'immune-susceptible' and 15.3% as non-immune. discrepancies between the two ...	1987	3117892
[immunologic methods for the detection of diphtheria toxin (passive hemagglutination and elisa for toxin detection in cultures and serum)].	a competitive passive hemagglutination assay (cpha) easy to perform and a highly sensitive elisa have been investigated for detection of diphtheria toxin from cultures and from human serum. the sensitivity of the cpha (8 ng toxin/ml) was high enough to detect toxin in pure cultures containing c. diphtheriae. for this application the cpha proved to be a simple and reproducible alternative to the elek-ouchterlony test. toxin in culture filtrates of nasal and tonsillar swabs containing toxinogenic ...	1987	3118591
[the mode of the cell wall growth of gram-positive bacteria examined by the immunoelectron microscopy using the colloidal gold as a morphological marker].		1987	3119442
a study on the adhesive properties of cor. diphtheriae and cor. parvum in the direct haemagglutination reaction.	the adhesive properties of one cor. parvum and two cor. diphtheriae strains were investigated by means of the direct haemagglutination reaction (har). using a specifically developed har procedure, it was proved beyond doubt that the studied corynebacteria possess adhesive properties apparently associated with the presence of pili (fimbrias) on their surfaces. in addition, a correlation was found between the agglutinating activity of bacteria and the conditions of culture growth. based on the rep ...	1987	3119703
[isolation and immunochemical characteristics of soluble membrane proteins from the cell wall of corynebacterium diphtheria].	a method for isolation of immunochemically active proteins from corynebacterium diphtheria membranes was elaborated. the proteins were solubilized with the nonionic detergent np-40 and gel-filtered through an ultrogel aca-34 column under denaturating conditions. the purified proteins (mr = 64 kd) were antigenically active in a solid phase radioimmunoassay with human antidiphtheria antibodies.	1987	2444270
[use of immunoenzyme analysis for determining antibacterial antibodies in diphtheria infection].	a diagnostic eia system for the detection of antibacterial antibodies in diphtheria infection has been developed. as antigen, homogeneous membrane protein (mol. wt. 64 kd) obtained from corynebacterium diphtheriae cell walls has been used. this protein antigen has been prepared with the use of nonionic detergent np-40.	1987	2446452
electron microprobe x-ray analysis of polyphosphate granules in plesiomonas shigelloides.	electron-dense inclusion bodies were found in most plesiomonas shigelloides cells, regardless of the incubation time. at the 4-hr incubation period, the size of inclusion bodies was distributed in the range of 50 to 150 nm in diameter, and at the logarithmic phase of growth it increased up to a size visible by light microscope. by an electron microprobe x-ray analysis, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium were detected in the inclusion bodies which confirms the assumption of pastian and bromel ( ...	1987	2832712
[a method of determining the toxicity of corynebacterium diphtheriae].		1986	2429062
[phage lysis typing and epidemiology of diphtheria 1975-1984].	phage typing of the available diphtheria strains from epidemics and isolated diphtheria infections in the federal republic of germany since 1975 showed that the various waves of the disease were caused by pathogenic strains which differed from each other in lysis type and lysogenetic spectrum. the individual regional outbreaks, therefore, were not epidemiologically interlinked. both a high incidence of diphtheria cases and isolated cases occurring in a particular region and within the same time ...	1986	3081315
[is a manifestation of diphtheria possible in persons with a protective antibody titer?].		1986	3090676
rapid identification of group jk and other corynebacteria with the minitek system.	forty primary clinical isolates and 50 stock cultures of corynebacteria and coryneform bacteria were tested with the minitek system (bbl microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.). the minitek correctly identified all of these organisms, including jk group isolates, within 12 to 18 h of incubation. the method does not require serum supplements for testing carbohydrate utilization by the bacteria. the minitek system is an extremely simple and rapid way to identify the jk group, as well as many othe ...	1986	3091632
[heterogeneity of corynebacterium diphtheriae].		1986	3092513
[improved culture of corynebacterium diphtheriae for obtaining toxin-anatoxin].	the work deals with the optimization of the cultivation of c. diphtheriae with a view to obtaining diphtheria toxin--toxoid on the basis of the study of the kinetics of microbial growth and toxin formation. the combined cultivation process consisting of 3 cycles has been experimentally developed and realized under industrial conditions. the use of this cultivation method has made it possible to obtain more balanced cultures and to standardize the biological properties of the biomass and toxin th ...	1986	3092514
mapping and cloning of corynebacterium diphtheriae plasmid png2 and characterization of its relatedness to plasmids from skin coryneforms.	the relationship of plasmid png2, isolated from an erythromycin-resistant strain of corynebacterium diphtheriae, to plasmids isolated from skin coryneforms was examined. the extent of homology between plasmids from erythromycin-resistant and -susceptible skin coryneforms and png2 varied, but in aggregate homology was observed with all six bsteii fragments of png2. the data support the hypothesis that png2 originated in skin coryneforms. intact plasmid png2 and some of its restriction fragments w ...	1986	3092733
[biological and physicochemical properties of corynebacterium diphtheriae b (freeman) phages phi 984 and phi 9].	a scheme for preparative isolation of corynephages and their dna is described. study of host specificity, toxigenicity, and of cytotoxic effect induced by the phages bf, phi 9, and phi 984 has shown that phage bf has tox- phenotype, and phages phi 9 and phi 984, tox+ phenotype. these phages differ in host specificity and plaque morphology. electron-microscopic examination of virions showed similarity of phages bf and phi 984 structures, whereas phage phi 9 was markedly different in the size of i ...	1986	3099476
agglutination of sheep erythrocytes by corynebacterium diphtheriae.	the hemagglutinating activity of 26 strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from the upper respiratory tract and from skin lesions was determined using both a macro and a micro-technique. six of the 26 strains tested were unable to agglutinate sheep erythrocytes. furthermore there was a considerable variation in the hemagglutinating activity of the positive strains.	1986	3099872
bacteriology of sickle cell leg ulcers.	the bacteria isolated on aerobic and anaerobic culture were compared in 80 unilateral ulcers in patients with homozygous sickle cell (ss) disease, 62 superficial skin lesions, and in 30 diabetic ulcers. in ss disease, the bacterial flora was predominantly aerobic and polymicrobial with staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and beta-haemolytic streptococci being the major isolates. repeat sampling of 26 ulcers over a period of 23 weeks indicated the persistence of these three organisms, e ...	1986	3101240
[evaluation of the immunological effectiveness of the planned vaccinal prophylaxis of diphtheria and tetanus in sverdlovsk and sverdlovsk province].	the level and intensity of antitoxic immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in children and adolescents were determined. the presence of tetanus antitoxin in titers exceeding the protective level in 96.3-98.5% of the examined children and adolescents is indicative of a high actual coverage by immunization. protective titers against diphtheria were lower. there was no essential difference in the levels of protection in children immunized according to the vaccination schedule and in those immunized wi ...	1986	2944328
[immunological structure of the population in a system of epidemiological surveillance of diphtheria].	the characteristics of antitetanus and antidiphtheria immunity in children, adolescents and adults in perm have been determined by means of the passive hemagglutination test, and the tendency towards the decrease of their immunity to diphtheria with the increase of their age has been established. the registered and actual coverage of children and adolescents by immunization is characterized on the basis of the presence of antibodies to the tetanus component of combined vaccines. a considerable p ...	1986	2944332
[the main trends in a diphtheria epidemic process and the potentials for its elimination in a large city].	in recent years the tendency towards the activation of the epidemic process of diphtheria, i.e. the appearance of cases of diphtheria simultaneously with the increased levels of circulation of toxigenic and nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae and with antitoxic immunity characteristics in children and adults constantly remaining low, has been registered. for the effective control of diphtheria, the profound study of such problems as bacterial carriership, antibacterial immunity and the deve ...	1986	2948351
[antibody response to the fractionated administration of the 2d or 3d basic vaccination injection with a mixed vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis].		1986	2872973
[reactogenic properties of a dtp vaccine with a reduced antigen dosage].	the reactogenic properties of batches of adsorbed dpt vaccine with the normal content of antigens and with the content of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids reduced, respectively, to 10 lf and 5 bu per immunization dose have been studied under the conditions of a controlled epidemiological trial. the reduced antigenic content of adsorbed dpt vaccine decreased the number of vaccinal reactions 1.8 times, as well as the intensity of their manifestations.	1986	2879401