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infections caused by coryneform bacteria in pediatric oncology patients.invasive infections caused by coryneform bacteria are uncommon but have been reported with increasing frequency in recent decades, especially in immunocompromised persons. because pediatric experience is limited, we examined the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of these infections in children undergoing cancer therapy.200818174873
production of d-lactic acid by corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen deprivation.in mineral salts medium under oxygen deprivation, corynebacterium glutamicum exhibits high productivity of l-lactic acid accompanied with succinic and acetic acids. in taking advantage of this elevated productivity, c. glutamicum was genetically modified to produce d-lactic acid. the modification involved expression of fermentative d-lactate dehydrogenase (d-ldh)-encoding genes from escherichia coli and lactobacillus delbrueckii in l-lactate dehydrogenase (l-ldh)-encoding ldha-null c. glutamicum ...200818188553
antibacterial and antifungal activities of different parts of tribulus terrestris l. growing in iraq.antimicrobial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves and roots of tribulus terrestris l., an iraqi medicinal plant used as urinary anti-infective in folk medicine, was examined against 11 species of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms: staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, serratia marcescens, salmonella typhimurium, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and candida albica ...200818257138
investigations of 2 cases of diphtheria-like illness due to toxigenic corynebacterium ulcerans.we present 2 case reports in the united states and investigations of diphtheria-like illness caused by toxigenic corynebacterium ulcerans. a fatal case occurred in a 75-year-old male washington resident who was treated with clindamycin but did not receive equine diphtheria antitoxin. a second, nonfatal case occurred in a 66-year-old female tennessee resident who received erythromycin and diphtheria antitoxin.200818181738
a corynebacterial triad: prevalence of erythrasma and trichomycosis axillaris in soldiers with pitted keratolysis. 200818191714
regulation of expression of general components of the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (pts) by the global regulator sugr in corynebacterium glutamicum.the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (pts) catalyzes transport of carbohydrates by coupling carbohydrate translocation and phosphorylation. enzyme i and hpr, encoded in ptsi and ptsh, respectively, are cytoplasmic proteins commonly used for transport of variety of pts sugars. in this study, we investigated the role of sugr on the expression of the ptsi and ptsh which increases in the presence of pts sugars in corynebacterium glutamicum. disruption of sugr resulted in t ...200818183389
high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in ophthalmic clinical isolates belonging to the species corynebacterium macginleyi.the clinical importance of nondiphtherial corynebacterium, a ubiquitous member of the normal human microflora of the skin and mucous membrane, for ocular surface infections has been recognized recently. we performed an antimicrobial susceptibility test with etest strips for three fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and levofloxacin) and a taxonomic analysis on 21 isolates of corynebacterium from ophthalmic samples. of these, 16 isolates were identified as c. macginleyi at the species l ...200818077650
parameter estimation and simulations of a mathematical model of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis transmission in sheep.caseous lymphadenitis (cla) is an infectious disease of sheep caused by corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. it is prevalent in most sheep producing countries and was introduced into the uk sheep population in 1991. the pathogen invades the host through epithelium and forms an abscess in the local draining lymph node. typically, disease presents as clinical, with overt (externally visible) swollen lymph nodes (the parotid, submandibular, prefemoral, prescapular, popliteal or mammary) or sub-clini ...200818164500
changes in enzyme activities at the pyruvate node in glutamate-overproducing corynebacterium glutamicum.glutamate is industrially produced by fermentation using corynebacterium glutamicum. the key factor for efficient glutamate production by this microorganism has been considered to be a metabolic change at the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (odh) branch point caused by a decrease in odh activity under glutamate-overproducing conditions. however, this change would be insufficient because the odh branch is merely the final branch in the glutamate biosynthetic pathway, and efficient glutamate producti ...200818295714
diviva is required for polar growth in the mreb-lacking rod-shaped actinomycete corynebacterium glutamicum.the actinomycete corynebacterium glutamicum grows as rod-shaped cells by zonal peptidoglycan synthesis at the cell poles. in this bacterium, experimental depletion of the polar diviva protein (diviva(cg)) resulted in the inhibition of polar growth; consequently, these cells exhibited a coccoid morphology. this result demonstrated that diviva is required for cell elongation and the acquisition of a rod shape. diviva from streptomyces or mycobacterium localized to the cell poles of diviva(cg)-depl ...200818296522
application of an improved continuous parallel shaken bioreactor system for three microbial model systems.a continuous parallel shaken bioreactor system, combining the advantages of shaken bioreactors with the advantages of continuous fermentation, was specifically manufactured from quartz glass and provides a geometric accuracy of <1 mm. two different model systems (facultative anaerobic bacterium c. glutamicum, and crabtree-negative yeast p. stipitis), whose growth behaviour and metabolite formation are affected by dilution rate and oxygen availability, were studied. the transition from non-oxygen ...200818175155
nmr structure of protein cgl2762 from corynebacterium glutamicum implicated in dna transposition reveals a helix-turn-helix motif attached to a flexibly disordered leucine zipper. 200818175328
etiology of foot intertrigo in the district of afyonkarahisar, turkey: a bacteriologic and mycologic study.foot intertrigo, occurring in the interdigital space, is mostly caused initially by dermatophytes and yeasts and less frequently by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. with time, a "complex" may develop in the setting of moisture and maceration that contains multiple fungal and bacterial organisms.200818202333
influence of l-isoleucine and pantothenate auxotrophy for l-valine formation in corynebacterium glutamicum revisited by metabolome analyses.the effect of different amounts of supplemented l-isoleucine and pantothenate has been analysed with the auxotrophic strain corynebacterium glutamicum deltailva deltapanb, showing that the final biomass concentration of this preliminary l-valine production strain can be controlled by the amount of added l-isoleucine. one gramme cell dry weight is formed from 48 micromol l-isoleucine. different amounts of available pantothenate affect the intracellular pyruvate concentration. by limiting pantothe ...200818224342
[identification of heterologous antitoxin in sera of patients with diphtheria].using immobilized diphtheria toxin and peroxidase conjugate of monoclonal antibodies to light chains of equine immunoglobulin a method of quantification of equine antibodies against diphtheria in sera of patients after serotherapy was developed. the sensitivity of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 0.0005 iu/ml, and coefficient of variation did not exceed 10%. it was shown that in patients with toxic diphtheria heterologous antitoxin is eliminated within 4-6 weeks. level of anti-diph ...200819186546
[immunization of adult population of russia against diphtheria in 2006-2007].the vaccination coverage against diphtheria in the adult population of russia in 2006-2007 was analyzed in different age, professional and social groups and reasons of absent immunization. vaccination coverage in adults was 95.3%, of them 92.5% were boosted (i.e. completely immunized) and only 7.5% were in process of vaccination. vaccination coverage was high in the majority of regions. mean vaccination coverage in adults aged 25-49 ages was 96.2-96.5% whereas in adults > or =50 years it was low ...200819186541
microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commensal flora in the middle nasal meatus.we examined the microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commensal flora in the middle nasal meatus of normal subjects who were free of health care-associated risks and sinonasal disease.200819140538
[types of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in poland in 2004-2008].biotyping and genotyping were performed for corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated from humans in poland during last several years. all the strains belonged to the same biotype and genetic clone. similar situation has not yet been described in international literature, although nontoxigenic c. diphtheriae strains have been isolated more frequently in developed countries. however, strains isolated and investigated in other countries revealed heterogeneity of biotypes and genotypes.200819143171
[cloning, expression and sequence analysis of ds i gene in corynebacterium pekinense as1.299 and pd-67].3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (ec 2.5.1.54;ds) is the key enzyme in tryptophan synthesis pathway. cloning ds i gene from corynebacterium pekinense and expression of ds i gene might facilitate testing the existence and function of ds i in corynebacterium pekinense.200819149161
purulent pericarditis with cardiac tamponade caused by anaerobic agents.purulent pericarditis is a rare disease associated with high mortality, even with appropriate antibiotic therapy. the authors report the case of a patient with purulent pericarditis with no identifiable primary source that presented clinically as cardiac tamponade. the patient required emergency pericardiocentesis and surgical pericardiectomy due to persisting signs of tamponade. microbiology cultures isolated anaerobic agents of fusobacterium spp., corynebacterium spp. and peptostreptococcus. t ...200818959092
potential pathogenic role of aggregative-adhering corynebacterium diphtheriae of different clonal groups in endocarditis.invasive diseases caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae have been described increasingly. several reports indicate the destructive feature of endocarditis attributable to nontoxigenic strains. however, few reports have dealt with the pathogenicity of invasive strains. the present investigation demonstrates a phenotypic trait that may be used to identify potentially invasive strains. the study also draws attention to clinical and microbiological aspects observed in 5 cases of endocarditis due to ...200819099151
[eye infections associated with ocular implants].postoperative endophthalmitis associated with intraocular lens implantation is one of the most severe complications of cataract surgery. the prevalence of endophthalmitis following these procedures reported in several multicenter studies over the last decades is 0.05% to 0.32%. currently, general consensus measures are available to prevent this serious complication. abiotic biofilm formation with adhesion of pathogens on the surface of intraocular devices is a novel theory that is little underst ...200819100179
pitfalls in efficacy testing--how important is the validation of neutralization of chlorhexidine digluconate?effective neutralization of active agents is essential to obtain valid efficacy results, especially when non-volatile active agents like chlorhexidine digluconate (chg) are tested. the aim of this study was to determine an effective and non-toxic neutralizing mixture for a propan-1-ol solution containing 2% chg.200819046465
antimicrobial activity of iodoquinol 1%-hydrocortisone acetate 2% gel against ciclopirox and clotrimazole.commercially available topical formulations consisting of iodoquinol 1%-hydrocortisone acetate 2%, ciclopirox 0.77%, and clotrimazole 1%-betamethasone dipropionate 0.5% were assessed for their antimicrobial activity against cultures of micrococcus luteus, propionibacterium acnes, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), pseudomonas aeruginosa, corynebacterium aquaticum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, malassezia furfur, microsporum canis, candida albicans, trichophyton rubrum, or epiderm ...200819055171
brazilian genome sequencing projects: state of the art.this review covers all brazilian genome, est and metagenome projects, sequencing networks' history and structure, and patents related to brazilian genome projects, beginning with the first genome sequenced in this country, i.e. the 9a5c strain of xylella fastidiosa cvc, up till the recently sequenced 1002 strain of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which was done with a mixed strategy that included both traditional sanger methodology and avant garde 454 life sciences pyrosequencing technology. ...200819075951
physiological response of corynebacterium glutamicum to oxidative stress induced by deletion of the transcriptional repressor mcbr.in the present work the metabolic response of corynebacterium glutamicum to deletion of the global transcriptional regulator mcbr, which controls, e.g. the expression of enzymes of l-methionine and l-cysteine biosynthesis and sulfur assimilation, was studied. several oxidative stress proteins were significantly upregulated among about 40 proteins in response to deletion of mcbr. linked to this oxidative stress, the mutant exhibited a 50 % reduced growth rate, a 30 % reduced glucose uptake rate a ...200819047758
nosocomial valve endocarditis due to corynebacterium striatum: a case report.abstract: staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and enterococci sp. are the usual pathogens involved in nosocomial bacterial endocarditis. corynebacterium species isolation in blood specimens is usually considered to be a contaminant. we present an interesting case of native mitral valve endocarditis in a 73 year old african american female that was diagnosed days after she was discharged from our institution. the infection was cleared with medical therapy alone.200819077258
immunogenicity, reactogenicity and consistency of production of a brazilian combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b.a randomized, double-blinded study evaluating the immunogenicity, safety and consistency of production of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine entirely produced in brazil by bio-manguinhos and instituto butantan (dtp/hib-bm) was undertaken. the reference vaccine had the same dtp vaccine but the hib component was produced using purified materials supplied by glaxosmithkline (dtp/hib-gsk), which is registered and has supplied the brazilian national immuniza ...200819057823
corynebacterium sputi sp. nov., isolated from the sputum of a patient with pneumonia.a coryneform bacterium isolated from the sputum of a patient with pneumonia was characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of cell-wall chemotype iv and short chain mycolic acids consistent with the genus corynebacterium. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing studies confirmed this assignment, with the organism forming a hitherto unknown subline within the genus associated with a subcluster containing corynebacterium hansenii, ...200819060075
[urinary tract infection caused by corynebacterium riegelii]. 200819100198
conservative management of upper eyelid entropion.the authors report for the first time two cases of upper eyelid entropion secondary to neonatal conjunctivitis that resolved spontaneously following the insertion of a bandage contact lens. previous reports advocate early surgical intervention to correct the eyelid abnormality and prevent any permanent corneal scarring and visual loss.200819043953
ocular distribution and toxicity of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide in normal equine eyes.to determine ocular distribution and toxicity of a single injection of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (ta) in normal horses.200819046265
opportunity knocks. 200819086123
a proteome analysis of the cadmium and mercury response in corynebacterium glutamicum.cadmium and mercury are well-known toxic heavy metals, but the basis of their toxicity is not well understood. in this study, we analyzed the cellular response of corynebacterium glutamicum to sublethal concentrations of cadmium and mercury ions using 2-de and ms. mercury induced the over-expression of 13 c. glutamicum proteins, whereas 35 proteins were induced, and 8 proteins were repressed, respectively, under cadmium stress. the principal response to these metals was protection against oxidat ...200818972541
effect of carbon source availability and growth phase on expression of corynebacterium glutamicum genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate bypass.the effect of different carbon sources on the expression of tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle genes, along with glyoxylate bypass genes, in corynebacterium glutamicum was determined. all tca cycle genes were coordinately expressed in medium containing acetate. growth in the presence of acetate gave rise to abundant expression of most tca cycle genes, with the level of glta transcript being the highest. however, when the cells entered the stationary phase triggered by acetate exhaustion, all genes w ...200818832313
a sheep model for fracture treatment in osteoporosis: benefits of the model versus animal welfare.animal models are necessary to evaluate new options for the treatment of fractures in osteoporotic bone. they permit both the biological response of a living system and the influence of the pathological processes to be taken into account. a sheep model for osteoporosis was established by combining oestrogen deficiency, calcium and vitamin d-deficient diet with steroid medication. bone mineral density (bmd) was reduced by >30% after 12 weeks of combined treatment. osteoporosis similar to the huma ...200818782823
comparison of four molecular typing methods for characterization of corynebacterium diphtheriae and determination of transcontinental spread of c. diphtheriae based on bsteii rrna gene profiles.the diphtheria epidemic in the russian federation in the 1990s made diphtheria a focus of global concern once again. the development of rapid and reproducible typing methods for the molecular characterization of corynebacterium diphtheriae has become a priority in order to be able to monitor the spread of this important pathogen on a global scale. we report on a comparison of four molecular typing methods (ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [pfge], random amplification of polymorphic d ...200818784317
simultaneous utilization of d-cellobiose, d-glucose, and d-xylose by recombinant corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen-deprived conditions.corynebacterium glutamicum r was metabolically engineered to broaden its sugar utilization range to d-xylose and d-cellobiose contained in lignocellulose hydrolysates. the resultant recombinants expressed escherichia coli xyla and xylb genes, encoding d-xylose isomerase and xylulokinase, respectively, for d-xylose utilization and expressed c. glutamicum r bglf317a and bgla genes, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (pts) beta-glucoside-specific enzyme iibca compon ...200818810427
cloning and functional analysis of novel short-chain cis-prenyltransferases.cis-prenyltransferase catalyzes the synthesis of z,e-mixed prenyl diphosphates by sequential condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate with allylic diphosphate. cis-prenyltransferases can be classified into three subgroups: short-, medium-, and long-chain cis-prenyltransferase, according to their product chain lengths. cis-farnesyl diphosphate synthase from mycobacterium tuberculosis has been the only example as short-chain cis-prenyltransferase so far characterized. in this study, we cloned the n ...200818725204
structural analysis of fad synthetase from corynebacterium ammoniagenes.the prokaryotic fad synthetase family - a group of bifunctional enzymes that catalyse riboflavin phosphorylation and fmn adenylylation within a single polypeptide chain- was analysed in terms of sequence and structure.200818811972
evaluation of the humoral and cellular immune response to different antigens of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in canindé goats and their potential protection against caseous lymphadenitis.corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiologic agent of caseous lymphadenitis, a disease that affects goats and sheep, and can cause severe economic losses. in this study, four different antigenic extracts were obtained from the attenuated strain t1, which was isolated in the state of bahia (brazil). forty-four canindé breed goats were divided in five groups, each receiving a different antigen solution and saline buffer as a control. the humoral response was monitored through the identifica ...200818752855
engineering of a glycerol utilization pathway for amino acid production by corynebacterium glutamicum.the amino acid-producing organism corynebacterium glutamicum cannot utilize glycerol, a stoichiometric by-product of biodiesel production. by heterologous expression of escherichia coli glycerol utilization genes, c. glutamicum was engineered to grow on glycerol. while expression of the e. coli genes for glycerol kinase (glpk) and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (glpd) was sufficient for growth on glycerol as the sole carbon and energy source, additional expression of the aquaglyceroporin gen ...200818757581
production of 2-methyl-1-butanol in engineered escherichia coli.recent progress has been made in the production of higher alcohols by harnessing the power of natural amino acid biosynthetic pathways. here, we describe the first strain of escherichia coli developed to produce the higher alcohol and potential new biofuel 2-methyl-1-butanol (2mb). to accomplish this, we explored the biodiversity of enzymes catalyzing key parts of the isoleucine biosynthetic pathway, finding that ahas ii (ilvgm) from salmonella typhimurium and threonine deaminase (ilva) from cor ...200818758769
heterologous ectoine production in escherichia coli: by-passing the metabolic bottle-neck.transcription of the ectoine biosynthesis genes ecta, ectb and ectc from marinococcus halophilus in recombinant escherichia coli dh5alpha is probably initiated from three individual sigma70/sigmaa-dependent promoter sequences, upstream of each gene. consequently, mrna-fragments containing the single genes and combinations of the genes ecta and ectb or ectb and ectc, respectively, could be detected by northern blot analysis. under the control of its own regulatory promoter region (ectup) a seemin ...200818759971
metabolic engineering for bioproduction of sugar alcohols.sugar alcohols find applications in pharmaceuticals, oral and personal care products, and as intermediates in chemical synthesis. while industrial-scale production of these compounds has generally involved catalytic hydrogenation of sugars, microbial-based processes receive increasing attention. the past few years have seen a variety of interesting metabolic engineering efforts to improve the capabilities of bacteria and yeasts to overproduce xylitol, mannitol, and sorbitol. examples include het ...200818760354
deletion of cgr_1596 and cgr_2070, encoding nlpc/p60 proteins, causes a defect in cell separation in corynebacterium glutamicum r.in previous work, random genome deletion mutants of corynebacterium glutamicum r were generated using the insertion sequence (is) element is31831 and the cre/loxp excision system. one of these mutants, c. glutamicum strain rd41, resulting from the deletion of a 10.1-kb genomic region (deltacgr_1595 through cgr_1604) from the wt strain, showed cell elongation, and several lines appeared on the cell surface (bamboo shape). the morphological changes were suppressed by overexpression of cgr_1596. si ...200818931118
development of an online database for diphtheria molecular epidemiology under the remit of the dipnet project. 200818761980
an efficient succinic acid production process in a metabolically engineered corynebacterium glutamicum strain.a corynebacterium glutamicum strain (deltaldha-pcra717) that overexpresses the pyc gene encoding pyruvate carboxylase while simultaneously exhibiting a disrupted ldha gene encoding l-lactate dehydrogenase was investigated in detail for succinic acid production. succinic acid was shown to be efficiently produced at high-cell density under oxygen deprivation with intermittent addition of sodium bicarbonate and glucose. succinic acid concentration reached 1.24 m (146 g l(-1)) within 46 h. the yield ...200818777022
diversity of root associated microorganisms of selected medicinal plants and influence of rhizomicroorganisms on the antimicrobial property of coriandrum sativum.the total heterotrophic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungus were enumerated from the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of 50 selected locally available medicinal plants in and around bharathiar university. in all the plants, population of microorganism were higher in the rhizosphere soil than in the non rhizosphere soil. among the microorganisms, bacterial population was higher in number followed by fungus and actinomycetes. of the medicinal plants, the maximum rhizosphere effect was observed ...200818831345
the molecular switch that activates the cell wall anchoring step of pilus assembly in gram-positive bacteria.cell surface pili in gram-positive bacteria orchestrate the colonization of host tissues, evasion of immunity, and the development of biofilms. recent work revealed that pilus assembly is a biphasic process wherein pilus polymerization is catalyzed by a pilus-specific sortase followed by cell wall anchoring of the pilus that is promoted by the housekeeping sortase. here, we present molecular genetic and biochemical studies of a heterotrimeric pilus in corynebacterium diphtheriae, uncovering the ...200818779588
inhibition of vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci strains and listeria monocytogenes by bacteriocin-like substance produced by enterococcus faecium e86.three hundred and thirty nine lactic bacteria strains isolated from food samples were screened for antimicrobial activity. only one strain isolated from meat pie and identified as enterococcus faecium produced a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (blis) showing activity against enterococcus, leuconostoc, lactobacillus, listeria, corynebacterium and staphylococcus aureus. the blis produced was resistant to acid and alkali treatment and 121 masculinec for 15 min. the addition of blis in bhi con ...200818716832
polymicrobial nature of chronic diabetic foot ulcer biofilm infections determined using bacterial tag encoded flx amplicon pyrosequencing (btefap).diabetic extremity ulcers are associated with chronic infections. such ulcer infections are too often followed by amputation because there is little or no understanding of the ecology of such infections or how to control or eliminate this type of chronic infection. a primary impediment to the healing of chronic wounds is biofilm phenotype infections. diabetic foot ulcers are the most common, disabling, and costly complications of diabetes. here we seek to derive a better understanding of the pol ...200818833331
expression of the gapa gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of corynebacterium glutamicum is regulated by the global regulator sugr.regulation of expression of the gapa gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase essential for glycolysis in corynebacterium glutamicum was studied. we applied dna affinity beads to isolate proteins binding to the promoter region of the gapa gene and obtained sugr, which has been shown to be a repressor of pts genes involved in sugar transport system. the results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that sugr specifically bound to the gapa promoter and the consensus seque ...200818791709
antimicrobial resistance among brazilian corynebacterium diphtheriae strains.the increasing problems with multidrug resistance in relation to corynebacterium, including c. diphtheriae, are examples of challenges confronting many countries. for this reason, brazilian c. diphtheriae strains were evaluated by the e-test for their susceptibility to nine antibacterial drugs used in therapy. resistance (mic < 0.002; 0.38 microg/ml) to penicillin g was found in 14.8% of the strains tested. although erythromycin (mic90 0.75 microg/ml) and azithromycin (mic90 0.064 microg/ml) wer ...200818797769
[phage resistance of corynebacterium crenatum conferred by the restriction and modification system cgli].in order to prevent phage contamination in amino acid fermentation, we introduced the restriction and modification system cgli gene complex into corynebacterium crenatum and studied their phage-resistance. the cgli gene complex was amplified from corynebacterium glutamicum by pcr and constructed into pjl23 vector. the recombinant strains were obtained by transformation of the recombinant plasmid pjl23-cgli into c. crenatum. results showed that the recombinant strains possessed strong phage-resis ...200818724694
culture-independent nested pcr method reveals high diversity of actinobacteria associated with the marine sponges hymeniacidon perleve and sponge sp.a culture-independent nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was used to investigate the diversity of actinobacteria communities associated with the sponges hymeniacidon perleve and sponge sp. the phylogenetic affiliation of sponge-derived actinobacteria was then assessed by 16s rrna sequencing of cloned dna fragments. a total of 196 positive clones were screened by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis; 48 unique operational taxonomic units (otus) were selected for ...200818670903
physico-chemical and microbial characteristics of the coral reef environment of the gulf of mannar marine biosphere reserve, india.investigation on physico-chemical parameters and bacteial characteristics of the coral reef environs of the gulf of mannar biosphere reserve was studied. the study found the influence of different physico-chemical parameters on one another and also on the distribution of the total heterotrophic bacteria (thb) in the coral reef areas. nutrients exhibited considerable seasonal and spatial variations with influence on the bacterial population. coral reef areas recorded higher bacterial population d ...200818831378
transcriptional regulation of corynebacterium glutamicum methionine biosynthesis genes in response to methionine supplementation under oxygen deprivation.expression at the mrna level of six methionine biosynthesis genes in corynebacterium glutamicum cells under oxygen-deprived conditions was repressed by supplementation of medium with methionine. the repression was not observed in a mutant deficient in the tetr-type transcriptional repressor mcbr. analysis of transcriptional start sites of the methionine biosynthesis genes confirmed that mcbr binding motifs exist in the promoter regions of all genes repressed by methionine supplementation. furthe ...200818800184
evaluation of three methods for dna fingerprinting of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from goats in poland.phenotypic approaches based on metabolic and biological characteristics of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis have been limited due to insufficient discrimination between closely related isolates. in this paper we present performance and convenience of three molecular typing methods: box-pcr, random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and amplification of dna fragments surrounding rare restriction site (adsrrs-fingerprinting) in genome analysis of these bacteria. among examined 61 strains th ...200818646397
inactivation of cg10062, a cis-3-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase homologue in corynebacterium glutamicum, by (r)- and (s)-oxirane-2-carboxylate: analysis and implications.( r)- and ( s)-oxirane-2-carboxylate were determined to be active site-directed irreversible inhibitors of the cis-3-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase ( cis-caad) homologue cg10062 found in corynebacterium glutamicum. kinetic analysis indicates that the ( r) enantiomer binds more tightly and is the more potent inhibitor, likely reflecting more favorable interactions with active site residues. pro-1 is the sole site of covalent modification by the ( r) and ( s) enantiomers. pro-1, arg-70, arg-73, a ...200818646866
formation and enhanced biocidal activity of water-dispersable organic nanoparticles.water-insoluble organic compounds are often used in aqueous environments in various pharmaceutical and consumer products. to overcome insolubility, the particles are dispersed in a medium during product formation, but large particles that are formed may affect product performance and safety. many techniques have been used to produce nanodispersions-dispersions with nanometre-scale dimensions-that have properties similar to solutions. however, making nanodispersions requires complex processing, a ...200818685640
nitrogen control in mycobacterium smegmatis: nitrogen-dependent expression of ammonium transport and assimilation proteins depends on the ompr-type regulator glnr.the effect of nitrogen regulation on the level of transcriptional control has been investigated in a variety of bacteria, such as bacillus subtilis, corynebacterium glutamicum, escherichia coli, and streptomyces coelicolor; however, until now there have been no data for mycobacteria. in this study, we found that the ompr-type regulator protein glnr controls nitrogen-dependent transcription regulation in mycobacterium smegmatis. based on rna hybridization experiments with a wild-type strain and a ...200818689485
first detection of corynebacterium ulcerans producing a diphtheria-like toxin in a case of human with pulmonary infection in the rio de janeiro metropolitan area, brazil.the frequency and severity of human infections associated with corynebacterium ulcerans appear to be increasing in different countries. here, we describe the first c. ulcerans strain producing a diphtheria-like toxin isolated from an elderly woman with a fatal pulmonary infection and a history of leg skin ulcers in the rio de janeiro metropolitan area.200818660996
distinct roles of two anaplerotic pathways in glutamate production induced by biotin limitation in corynebacterium glutamicum.corynebacterium glutamicum is a biotin auxotrophic bacterium in which glutamate production is induced under biotin-limited conditions. during glutamate production, anaplerotic reactions catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) and a biotin-containing enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (pc) are believed to play an important role in supplying oxaloacetate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. to understand the distinct roles of pepc and pc on glutamate production by c. glutamicum, we observed gluta ...200818691531
1.6 angstroms structure of an nad+-dependent quinate dehydrogenase from corynebacterium glutamicum.to date, three different functional classes of bacterial shikimate/quinate dehydrogenases have been identified and are referred to as aroe, sdh-l and ydib. the enzyme aroe and the catalytically much slower sdh-l clearly prefer nadp+/nadph as the cosubstrate and are specific for (dehydro-)shikimate, whereas in ydib the differences in affinity for nadp+/nadph versus nad+/nadh as well as for (dehydro-)shikimate versus (dehydro-)quinate are marginal. these three subclasses have a similar three-dimen ...200818566515
endocarditis due to corynebacterium amycolatum.corynebacterium amycolatum, a normal inhabitant of human skin, is a gram-positive, non-spore-forming, mycolic acid-free, aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacillus. since its description in 1988, it has only rarely been associated with infective endocarditis. this paper describes a case of infective endocarditis successfully treated by combination therapy with daptomycin and rifampicin. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of c. amycolatum endocarditis from the usa successf ...200818809563
characterization of developmental colony formation in corynebacterium glutamicum.we report that corynebacterium glutamicum colonies exhibit a developmental transition in culture. when cultured on a routinely used complete medium (cm2b), this bacterium first formed a flat translucent colony. subsequently, some parts of this colony expanded to form small spherical yellow colonies that finally developed into a single large yellow colony. the small flat colony consisted of long thick cells, which were occasionally v or y shaped, while the large yellow colony consisted of short s ...200818696061
partial redundancy in the synthesis of the d-arabinose incorporated in the cell wall arabinan of corynebacterineae.the major cell wall carbohydrate of corynebacterineae is arabinogalactan (ag), a branched polysaccharide that is essential for the physiology of these bacteria. decaprenylphosphoryl-d-arabinose (dpa), the lipid donor of d-arabinofuranosyl residues of ag, is synthesized through a series of unique biosynthetic steps, the last one being the epimerization of decaprenylphosphoryl-beta-d-ribose (dpr) into dpa, which is believed to proceed via a sequential oxidation-reduction mechanism. two proteins fr ...200818667564
enhanced valine production in corynebacterium glutamicum with defective h+-atpase and c-terminal truncated acetohydroxyacid synthase.we have reported increased glutamate production by a mutant of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc14067 (strain f172-8) with reduced h(+)-atpase activity under biotin-limiting culture conditions (aoki et al. biosci. biotechnol. biochem., 69, 1466-1472 (2005)). in the present study, we examined valine production by an h(+)-atpase-defective mutant of c. glutamicum. using the double-crossover chromosome replacement technique, we constructed a newly defined h(+)-atpase-defective mutant from atcc13032. a ...200818997402
the murc ligase essential for peptidoglycan biosynthesis is regulated by the serine/threonine protein kinase pkna in corynebacterium glutamicum.the mur ligases play an essential role in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan and thus represent attractive targets for the design of novel antibacterials. these enzymes catalyze the stepwise formation of the peptide moiety of the peptidoglycan disaccharide peptide monomer unit. murc is responsible of the addition of the first residue (l-alanine) onto the nucleotide precursor udp-murnac. phosphorylation of proteins by ser/thr protein kinases has recently emerged as a major phys ...200818974047
structural and functional characterization of the lldr from corynebacterium glutamicum: a transcriptional repressor involved in l-lactate and sugar utilization.lldr (cgl2915) from corynebacterium glutamicum is a transcription factor belonging to the gntr family, which is typically involved in the regulation of oxidized substrates associated with amino acid metabolism. in the present study, the crystal structure of lldr was determined at 2.05-a resolution. the structure consists of n- and c-domains similar to those of fadr, but with distinct domain orientations. lldr and fadr dimers achieve similar structures by domain swapping, which was first observed ...200818988622
metabolic function of corynebacterium glutamicum aminotransferases alat and avta and impact on l-valine production.aminotransferases (ats) interacting with l-alanine are the least studied bacterial ats. whereas alat converts pyruvate to l-alanine in a glutamate-dependent reaction, avta is able to convert pyruvate to l-alanine in an l-valine-dependent manner. we show here that the wild type of corynebacterium glutamicum with a deletion of either of the corresponding genes does not exhibit an explicit growth deficiency. however, a double mutant was auxotrophic for l-alanine, showing that both ats can provide l ...200818931286
corynebacterium-associated skin infections.corynebacterium spp. are diphtheroid bacteria responsible for pitted keratolysis, a common plantar infection confined to the thick stratum corneum.200818937649
the effect of a shortened dry period on intramammary infections during the subsequent lactation.several recent studies have investigated the effect of shortened dry periods on milk production in the subsequent lactation. what is lacking from these studies is an understanding of the effect that a shortened dry period has on udder health. four herds, 156 cows, were studied to determine if a shortened dry period (30 d) had a negative effect on mammary gland health during the subsequent lactation as opposed to cows assigned to a long, 45 or 60 d, dry period. cows in 2 herds were assigned to ei ...200818946126
regulatory properties and interaction of the c- and n-terminal domains of betp, an osmoregulated betaine transporter from corynebacterium glutamicum.the glycine betaine carrier betp from corynebacterium glutamicum responds to changes in external osmolality by regulation of its transport activity, and the c-terminal domain was previously identified to be involved in this process. here we investigate the structural requirements of the c-terminal domain for osmoregulation as well as interacting domains that are relevant for intramolecular signal transduction in response to osmotic stress. for this purpose, we applied a proline scanning approach ...200818950194
the global repressor sugr controls expression of genes of glycolysis and of the l-lactate dehydrogenase ldha in corynebacterium glutamicum.the transcriptional regulator sugr from corynebacterium glutamicum represses genes of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts). growth experiments revealed that the overexpression of sugr not only perturbed the growth of c. glutamicum on the pts sugars glucose, fructose, and sucrose but also led to a significant growth inhibition on ribose, which is not taken up via the pts. chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with dna microarray analysis and gel retardation experimen ...200818849435
different binding mechanisms in biosorption of reactive dyes according to their reactivity.various binding mechanisms for the uptake of reactive dyes by the protonated waste biomass of corynebacterium glutamicum were investigated. as model reactive dyes, reactive blue 4 (rb 4), reactive orange 16 (ro 16) and reactive yellow 2 (ry 2) were used in this study. the solution ph strongly influenced the sorption capacity and the binding mechanisms of reactive dyes by c. glutamicum. at acidic ph, the electrostatic interaction was found to be a major binding mechanism. the maximum uptakes of r ...200818851867
the dual transcriptional regulator cysr in corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 controls a subset of genes of the mcbr regulon in response to the availability of sulphide acceptor molecules.regulation of sulphur metabolism in corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 has been studied intensively in the last few years, due to its industrial as well as scientific importance. previously, the gene cg0156 was shown to belong to the regulon of mcbr, a global transcriptional repressor of sulphur metabolism in c. glutamicum. this gene encodes a putative rok-type regulator, a paralogue of the activator of sulphonate utilisation, ssur. therefore, it is an interesting candidate for study to furth ...200818854009
[comparison of efficiencies of oil-oxidizing dietzia maris strain and stimulation of natural microbial communities in remediation of polluted soil].two approaches to bioremediation of oil-polluted soils are compared: use of active degrader strain dietzia maris am3 and stimulation of natural microflora. introduction of d. maris am3 to soil freshly polluted with oil accelerated its remediation twofold within the first month in comparison with the stimulation. after three months, the purification degrees were approximately equal. by the end of bioremediation, the soil with the introduced strain had higher dehydrogenase and catalase activities. ...200818924410
characterization and crystal structure of lysine insensitive corynebacterium glutamicum dihydrodipicolinate synthase (cdhdps) protein.the lysine insensitive corynebacterium glutamicum dihydrodipicolinate synthase enzyme (cdhdps) was recently successfully introduced into maize plants to enhance the level of lysine in the grain. to better understand lysine insensitivity of the cdhdps, we expressed, purified, kinetically characterized the protein, and solved its x-ray crystal structure. the cdhdps enzyme has a fold and overall structure that is highly similar to other dhdps proteins. a noteworthy feature of the active site is the ...200818930704
regulation of glutamate metabolism by protein kinases in mycobacteria.protein kinase g of mycobacterium tuberculosis has been implicated in virulence and in regulation of glutamate metabolism. here we show that this kinase undergoes a pattern of autophosphorylation that is distinct from that of other m. tuberculosis protein kinases characterized to date and we identify gara as a substrate for phosphorylation by pkng. autophosphorylation of pkng has little effect on kinase activity but promotes binding to gara, an interaction that is also detected in living mycobac ...200819019160
methionine uptake in corynebacterium glutamicum by metqni and by metps, a novel methionine and alanine importer of the nss neurotransmitter transporter family.the soil bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum is a model organism in amino acid biotechnology. here we present the identification of two different l-methionine uptake systems including the first characterization of a bacterial secondary methionine carrier. the primary carrier metqni is a high affinity abc-type transporter specific for l-methionine. its expression is under the control of the transcription factor mcbr, the global regulator of sulfur metabolism in c. glutamicum. besides metqni, a n ...200818991398
the capybara eye: clinical tests, anatomic and biometric features.to carry out a descriptive investigation of the capybara (hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) eye and to perform selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests with the aim of establishing normal physiological reference values for this species.200819046280
a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of corynebacterium diphtheriae and differentiation between non-toxigenic and toxigenic isolates. 200818927428
scrb (cg2927) is a sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase essential for sucrose utilization by corynebacterium glutamicum.corynebacterium glutamicum can grow on a variety of carbohydrates from which glucose, fructose and sucrose are taken up and phosphorylated by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts). here, we show that cg2927 (scrb) encodes sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase. the purified his-tagged protein hydrolyzed sucrose-6-phosphate and sucrose, but not sucrose-6'-phosphate. the km value for sucrose was 190 mm while the km for sucrose-6-phosphate was much lower, 0.04 mm. sucrose-6-phosp ...200819054097
a survey of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminant farms from two districts in perak, malaysia -- kinta and hilir perak.a survey of caseous lymphadenitis (cla), a bacterial infection in sheep and goats was conducted on small ruminant farms in two districts in perak, namely kinta and hilir perak. the objective of this survey is to determine the status of cla infection in small ruminants. a total of 8 farms were screened, involving a total of 579 animals. agar gel precipitation test (agpt) and enzyme linked immuno absorbent assay (elisa) were conducted on serum samples obtained from the animals. results show that 8 ...200819287357
implications from predictions of hla-drb1 binding peptides in the membrane proteins of corynebacterium diphtheriae.the aerobic gram positive bacterium corynebacterium diphtheriae causes diphtheria, a respiratory tract illness characterized by symptoms such as sore throat, low fever, and an adherent membrane on the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity. therefore, it is important to develop preventive vaccines for diphtheria. the availability of the 2,488,635 bp long complete sequence for the c. diphtheriae genome provides an opportunity to understand cell mediated immune response using computational biology ...200819238246
[occupational exposure to mesophilic microorganisms associated with commercial processing of compost for mushroom production].the aim of the study was to assess the occupational exposure to mesophilic microorganisms associated with commercial processing of compost for mushroom production.200819227882
response of the cytoplasmic and membrane proteome of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 to ph changes.c. glutamicum has traditionally been grown in neutral-ph media for amino acid production, but in a previous article we reported that this microorganism is a moderate alkaliphile since it grows optimally at ph 7.0-9.0, as shown in fermentor studies under tightly controlled ph conditions. we determined the best ph values to study differential expression of several genes after acidic or basic ph conditions (ph 6.0 for acidic expression and ph 9.0 for alkaline expression). thus, it was interesting t ...200819091079
percutaneous nephrostomy tube-associated bacteremia caused by corynebacterium urealyticum.corynebacterium urealyticum, an infrequent cause of bacteremia, is an emerging pathogen in humans, especially immunocompromised hosts. this report describes a patient with prostate cancer complicated with obstructive nephropathy who developed c. urealyticum bacteremia after placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy tube. the bacteremia was not controlled until the infected nephrostomy tube was removed.200819255698
growth and biosurfactant synthesis by nigerian hydrocarbon-degrading estuarine bacteria.the ability of microorganisms to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons is important for finding an environmentally-friendly method to restoring contaminated environmental matrices. screening of hydrocarbon-utilizing and biosurfactant-producing abilities of organisms from an estuarine ecosystem in nigeria, africa, resulted in the isolation of five microbial strains identified as corynebacterium sp. ddv1, flavobacterium sp. ddv2, micrococcus roseus ddv3, pseudomonas aeruginosa ddv4 and saccharomyces cere ...200819419068
distribution of bacterial keratitis and emerging resistance to antibiotics in china from 2001 to 2004.to study on the distribution of bacterial keratitis isolates and the resistance to antibiotics in china from 2001 to 2004.200819668756
corynebacterium glutamicum superoxide dismutase is a manganese-strict non-cambialistic enzyme in vitro.superoxide dismutase (sod) of corynebacterium glutamicum was purified and characterized. the enzyme had a native molecular weight of about 80kda, whereas a monomer with molecular weight of 24kda was found on sds-page suggesting it to be homotetramer. the native sod activity stained gel revealed a unique cytosolic enzyme. supplementing growth media with manganese increased the specific activity significantly, while adding iron did not result in significant difference. no growth perturbation was o ...200816809027
quantification of cell size distribution as applied to the growth of corynebacterium glutamicum.it is known that the cell size is related to the physiological state of a cell. therefore, cell size distribution directly reflects the average physiological properties of the cell culture. cell size distribution can be enumerated by image analysis, flow cytometry and coulter counter. in this study, image analysis was used to characterize the cell size distribution during the growth of corynebacterium glutamicum and was further analyzed by a distribution function. the parameters of the distribut ...200817008078
clinical and ultrasonographic findings, diagnosis and treatment of pyelonephritis in 17 cows.the goal of the present study was to describe the clinical, haematological and ultrasonographic findings and treatment of 17 cattle with pyelonephritis. fifteen cattle had an abnormal general condition, which varied in severity; five animals had signs of colic. the urine was brownish-red in 11 animals and cloudy in 13. clumps of purulent material were seen in the urine of nine animals and clots of blood in two. the specific gravity was lower than normal in 13 animals and ranged from 1.005 to 1.0 ...200817363303
intraglandular injection of antibiotics for the treatment of vesicular adenitis in bulls.two experiments were designed to determine the efficacy of intraglandular antibiotic treatment in beef bulls. experiment 1 was designed to evaluate the glandular tissue reaction to intraglandular antibiotic treatment. experiment 2 was conducted to determine the efficacy intraglandular injection of antibiotics for the treatment of naturally occurring cases of vesicular adenitis. healthy beef bulls (n=15), 2 and 3 years of age, were randomly allocated to three equal treatment groups to receive 10% ...200817399921
inhibition of cftr cl- channel function caused by enzymatic hydrolysis of sphingomyelin.numerous mutations in the cystic fibrosis (cf) transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr, a cl(-) channel) disrupt salt and fluid transport and lead to the formation of thick mucus in patients' airways. obstruction by mucus predisposes cf patients to chronic infections and inflammation, which become gradually harder to control and eventually fatal. aggressive antibiotic therapy and supportive measures have dramatically lengthened cf patients' lives. here, we report that sphingomyelinases (smase) ...200717400751
impact of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection on serologic surveillance for johne's disease in goats.false-positive results on serologic assays for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are believed to occur due to cross-reacting antibody produced by corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (c. pstb) infection in goats. this issue of compromised specificity was evaluated by testing 771 adult goats from 10 midwestern goat herds in 2004. assays for map infection included radiometric fecal culture and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas); elisa-positive samples were tested by agar g ...200717402615
corynebacterium diphtheriae employs specific minor pilins to target human pharyngeal epithelial cells.adherence to host tissues mediated by pili is pivotal in the establishment of infection by many bacterial pathogens. corynebacterium diphtheriae assembles on its surface three distinct pilus structures. the function and the mechanism of how various pili mediate adherence, however, have remained poorly understood. here we show that the spaa-type pilus is sufficient for the specific adherence of corynebacteria to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. the deletion of the spaa gene, which encodes the m ...200717376076
glycogen formation in corynebacterium glutamicum and role of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase.glycogen is generally assumed to serve as a major reserve polysaccharide in bacteria. in this work, glycogen accumulation in the amino acid producer corynebacterium glutamicum was characterized, expression of the c. glutamicum glgc gene, encoding the key enzyme in glycogen synthesis, adp-glucose (adp-glc) pyrophosphorylase, was analysed, and the relevance of this enzyme for growth, survival, amino acid production and osmoprotection was investigated. c. glutamicum cells grown in medium containing ...200717379737
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