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early-onset group b streptococcus prevention protocols in new zealand public hospitals.determine group b streptococcus (gbs) prevention protocols.200212403281
synergistic action of nitric oxide release from murine macrophages caused by group b streptococcal cell wall and beta-hemolysin/cytolysin.group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of sepsis in neonates. nitric oxide (no) release plays a role in the hypotension that characterizes septic shock. it has been shown that gbs beta-hemolysin/cytolysin (beta-h/c) stimulates the transcription of inducible no synthase (inos) in murine macrophages via intracellular pathways similar to those that mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced inos activation. here, it is demonstrated that the gbs cell wall and beta-h/c act synergistically to induce ...200212404173
a fibrinogen receptor from group b streptococcus interacts with fibrinogen by repetitive units with novel ligand binding sites.group b streptococcus (gbs) is a frequent cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in neonates. during the course of infection, gbs colonizes and invades a number of host compartments, thereby interacting with different host proteins. in the present report, we describe the isolation of the fbsa gene, which encodes a fibrinogen receptor from gbs. the deduced fbsa protein is characterized by repetitive units, each 16 amino acids in length. sequencing of the fbsa gene from five different gbs strain ...200212406229
evaluation of methods to increase the sensitivity and timeliness of detection of streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women.direct culture of rectovaginal specimens on granada agar was compared to culture on sheep blood agar plate (sbap) and accuprobe detection of group b streptococcus from overnight lim broth enhancement cultures (lim-sbap). both broth-enhanced methods demonstrated excellent sensitivity (97.5% for lim-sbap and 93.5% for accuprobe), while granada agar demonstrated a sensitivity of only 40.3%.200212409422
group b streptococcus and the newborn: prevention needs a boost. 200212415762
strategy of escherichia coli for crossing the blood-brain barrier.a major contributing factor to high mortality and morbidity associated with bacterial meningitis is the incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease: it is unclear how circulating bacteria cross the blood-brain barrier (bbb). recent studies with escherichia coli k1 show that successful traversal of the bbb requires a high degree of bacteremia, invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec), host cell actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and related signaling pathways, and ...200212424701
the alpha c protein mediates internalization of group b streptococcus within human cervical epithelial cells.group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of bacterial chorioamnionitis and neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. deletion of the alpha c protein gene (bca) attenuates the virulence of gbs in an animal model; significant survival differences in the first 24 h of infection suggest a pathogenic role for the alpha c protein early in the infection process. we examined the role of alpha c protein in the association between gbs and mucosal surfaces using a human cervical epithelial cell l ...200212427097
barriers to implementing the group b streptococcal prevention guidelines.group b streptococcal disease is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis in the united states. we assessed predictors of compliance with the consensus guidelines for perinatal group b streptococcus disease prevention at two group health cooperative hospitals.200212431267
[three case reports of breast abscess after nipple piercing: underestimated health problems of a fashion phenomenon].piercing is a growing fashion trend among young people. nipple piercing has shown an increase over the last years. we report about three coincidental cases of breast abscess after nipple piercing within the last months in our clinics and discuss the related problems for health and society.200212439766
delivery room risk factors for meconium aspiration syndrome.the objective of this study is to identify risk factors for meconium aspiration syndrome (mas) in newborns born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (msaf). from may 27, 1994 to june 9, 1997 maternal and neonatal data were prospectively collected on all infants born through msaf. development of mas was the primary outcome. using bivariate and logistic regression analysis we identified risk factors for mas. there were 8,967 births during this period: 7.9% (708 of 8,967) were delivered through ...200212442226
susceptibility of strains of streptococcus agalactiae to macrolides and lincosamides, phenotype patterns and resistance genes.the group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) is a pathogen of increasing importance in human disease. we therefore studied the susceptibility of clinical isolates of s. agalactiae to penicillin g, erythromycin, azithromycin and clindamycin using national committee for clinical laboratory standards methodology, and we also determined the phenotypes of macrolide-lincosamide susceptibility and the resistance genes implicated in a group of selected isolates of the different phenotypes. we us ...200212445014
common issues in the care of sick neonates.newborn infants may be transferred to a special care nursery because of conditions such as prematurity (gestation less than 37 weeks), prolonged resuscitation, respiratory distress, cyanosis, and jaundice, and for evaluation of neonatal sepsis. newborn infants' core temperature should be kept above 36.4 degrees c (97.5 degrees f). nutritional requirements are usually 100 to 120 kcal per kg per day to achieve an average weight gain of 150 to 200 g (5 to 7 oz) per week. standard infant formulas co ...200212449267
[prognostic and therapeutic value of biologic signs of infection in the management of preterm labor (amniocentesis excepted)].during threatened preterm delivery, both general and local signs of infection increase the risks of amniotic infection, premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, and neonatal and/or maternal morbidity of infectious origin. nonetheless, as antibiotics have not been sufficiently studied to be proved of benefit in chorioamnionitis with intact membranes, search for these general (c reactive protein, hyperleucocytosis) or cervical/vaginal (group b streptococcus, escherichia coli, bacterial va ...200212454625
group b streptococcus colonization in male and nonpregnant female university students: a cross-sectional prevalence study.we describe the prevalence of colonization with group b streptococcus species in a random sample of otherwise healthy male and nonpregnant female college students. colonization with group b streptococcus species occurs at a high frequency among healthy students, and there was a suggestion that it is associated with having engaged in sexual activity, tampon use, milk consumption, and hand washing done < or =4 times per day. however, larger studies are needed to verify these findings.200211740706
cytokine responses to group b streptococci induce nitric oxide production in respiratory epithelial cells.streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) is a leading cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. early-onset gbs pneumonia is characterized by marked pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cell injury. innate proinflammatory responses to gbs infection that may contribute to the respiratory pathology include the synthesis and release of cytokines, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide (no). the hypothesis that no is directly induced in lung epithelial cells by invading gbs or ind ...200211748162
long-range mapping of the streptococcus agalactiae phylogenetic lineage restriction digest pattern type iii-3 reveals clustering of virulence genes.human isolates of serotype iii streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) can be divided into three separate phylogenetic lineages based on analysis of the restriction digest patterns (rdps) of chromosomal dna. nine dna sequences that are present in all isolates of the rdp iii-3 phylogenetic lineage, but not in the other lineages, were identified by genomic subtractive hybridization. a complete physical map of a iii-3 chromosome was constructed. six of the nine iii-3-specific sequenc ...200211748174
serotype identification of group b streptococci by pcr and sequencing.group b streptococcus (gbs; streptococcus agalactiae) is the most common cause of neonatal and obstetric sepsis and is an increasingly important cause of septicemia in elderly individuals and immunocompromised patients. ongoing surveillance to monitor gbs serotype distribution will be needed to guide the development and use of gbs conjugate vaccines. we designed sequencing primers based on the previously published sequences of the capsular polysaccharide (cps) gene clusters to further define par ...200211773119
human surveillance for west nile virus infection in ontario in 2000.the first reports of west nile virus (wnv) infection in the united states in 1999 prompted ontario to establish a surveillance protocol to monitor for the possible spread of the virus into the province. surveillance components included evaluation of dead birds, sentinel chickens, mosquito pools and human disease. we report the results of human surveillance in 2000.200211800244
effects of surfactant lipids and surfactant protein a on host defense functions of rat alveolar macrophages.survanta is commonly used as replacement therapy in newborn infants suffering from surfactant deficiency. we investigated the effects of survanta and surfactant-like liposomes in the presence and absence of surfactant protein a (sp-a) on host defense functions of rat alveolar macrophages (am). phagocytosis of streptococcus pneumoniae by am was significantly inhibited in the presence of 100 microg/ml of survanta. the ability of sp-a to enhance phagocytosis of s. pneumoniae was significantly compr ...200211809918
streptococcal beta protein has separate binding sites for human factor h and iga-fc.the group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most important cause of life-threatening bacterial infections in newborn infants. protective immunity to gbs infection is elicited by several surface proteins, one of which, the beta protein, is known to bind human iga-fc. here, we show that the beta protein also binds human factor h (fh), a negative regulator of complement activation. absorption experiments with whole human plasma demonstrated binding of fh to a gbs strain expressing beta protein but not t ...200211812795
molecular characterization of a novel beta1,3-galactosyltransferase for capsular polysaccharide synthesis by streptococcus agalactiae type ib.a group b streptococcus, streptococcus agalactiae type ib, produces a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide consisting of the following pentasaccharide repeating unit: -->4)-[alpha-d-neupnac-(2-->3)-beta-d-galp-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1-->3)]-beta-d-galp-(1-->4)-beta-d-glcp-(1-->. the type-specific capsular polysaccharide (cp) synthesis (cps) genes of this strain were cloned and analyzed. a cloned 10-kb dna fragment contained cpsibe to l and neu (neuraminic acid synthesis gene) b. comparison of t ...200211820930
oral dna vaccination in utero induces mucosal immunity and immune memory in the neonate.infectious diseases are responsible for a significant number of deaths during the first weeks of life. some of the salient pathogens include hsv, hiv, hepatitis b virus, group b streptococcus, haemophilus sp., and chlamydia sp. the vertical transmission of many of these pathogens significantly increases the risk of neonatal infection. we recently reported that oral dna immunization in utero induced high serum ab titers and cell-mediated immunity in fetal lambs. in this study, we demonstrate immu ...200211823522
epidemiology of beta-haemolytic group g streptococcal bacteraemia in singapore (1996 to 1998).group g streptococcus (ggs) accounted for 8% to 44% of all bacteraemias due to beta-haemolytic streptococci according to various reports. the aims of this study were 1) to describe the epidemiology of ggs bacteraemia in singapore for which local data are lacking and 2) to compare its frequency of isolation to the other lancefield groups.200211885504
[exposure to group b streptococcus among mexican women in reproductive age].to assess the prevalence of igg antibodies against group b streptococci (gbs) among women of reproductive age in mexico.200211910719
public health issues related to infection in pregnancy and cerebral palsy.cerebral palsy is the most common neuromotor developmental disability of childhood, affecting as many as 8,000 to 12,000 children born in the u.s. each year (corresponding to a prevalence rate of between 2 and 3 per 1000 children). recent improvements in neonatal care have not resulted in a decline in the overall prevalence of cerebral palsy and, in fact, greater numbers of very preterm/very low birth weight infants are surviving with cerebral palsy and other developmental problems. infection in ...200211921385
fetal pharmacotherapy.rapid progress has recently been encountered in pharmacologically treating the unborn baby. this unique area of drug therapy raises new methodological and ethical questions. this article is a systematic review of known modalities of fetal pharmacotherapy, and aims to highlight essential principles, difficulties and controversies in fetal pharmacotherapy. unique pharmacokinetic features of pregnancy, the placenta and the fetus govern maternal-to-fetal drug transfer. ethically, it is important tha ...200211929330
chromosomal analysis of group b streptococcal clinical strains; bac gene-positive strains are genetically homogenous.a collection of 45 epidemiologically unrelated streptococcus agalactiae strains (group b streptococcus, gbs), belonging to different serotypes, isolated from pregnant women in china and russia was studied. strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) employing hybridization with nine genes potentially involved in virulence. molecular sizes of gbs genomes varied from 2030 to 2290 kb. location of the genes under study bac, bca, glna, scpb, cyl, hylb, lmb, scaa and cfb on t ...200211934500
detection of genital colonization of group b streptococci during late pregnancy.to detect group b streptococcal carrier state of saudi females during 3rd trimester of pregnancy and to assess type of specimens and the techniques used for the organism detection.200211938365
the group b streptococcal c5a peptidase is both a specific protease and an invasin.the group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major cause of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in neonates and a serious cause of mortality or morbidity in immunocompromised adults. although these streptococci adhere efficiently and invade a variety of tissue-specific epithelial and endothelial cells, adhesins and invasins are still unknown. all serotypes of gbs studied to date express c5a peptidase (scpb) on their surface. this investigation addresses the possibility that this relatively large surface p ...200211953377
prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal disease: a combined intrapartum and neonatal protocol.we sought to assess the efficacy of a clinical protocol to reduce the incidence of early-onset neonatal group b streptococcus (gbs) infection.200211967482
a survey of the incidence of neonatal sepsis by group b streptococcus during a decade in a brazilian maternity hospital.group b streptococcus (gbs) is the main etiological agent of neonatal sepsis in developed countries, however there is no detailed information on its incidence in brazil. we registered the incidence and lethality of gbs infection in a brazilian private maternity hospital from april 1991 to march 2000. maternal risk factors contributing to neonatal infections were also scored. the rate of infection was determined by checking for gbs in the blood and liquor of symptomatic neonates within 72 hours o ...200211980605
identification of major outer surface proteins of streptococcus agalactiae.to identify the major outer surface proteins of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus), a proteomic analysis was undertaken. an extract of the outer surface proteins was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. the visualized spots were identified through a combination of peptide sequencing and reverse genetic methodologies. of the 30 major spots identified as s. agalactiae specific, 27 have been identified. six of these proteins, previously unidentified in s. agalactiae, were seq ...200211854208
implementation of group b streptococcus prevention strategy. 200211854660
jaundice as an early diagnostic sign of urinary tract infection in infancy.urinary tract infections (utis) are a common clinical problem in febrile infants younger than 8 weeks old, with a prevalence between 5% and 11%. previous studies have noted that jaundice may be one of the first signs of a bacterial infection in infants. our goal was to determine the incidence of utis in asymptomatic, jaundiced infants younger than 8 weeks old and to determine which historical and laboratory parameters are associated with utis.200211986445
association of sexual activity with colonization and vaginal acquisition of group b streptococcus in nonpregnant women.in a longitudinal cohort study of 1,248 nonpregnant young women recruited from three pittsburgh, pennsylvania, health clinics in 1998-2000, the authors investigated risk factors associated with vaginal acquisition of group b streptococcus (gbs). rectal and vaginal swabs for gbs culture and demographic and behavioral interview data were obtained from the women at enrollment and at three 4-month intervals. cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate risk factors for gbs acquisition among ...200211994235
awareness, knowledge and attitudes of lead maternity carers towards early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal disease.to determine awareness, knowledge and attitudes of lead maternity carers (lmcs) towards early-onset neonatal group b streptococcus (gbs) infection and its prevention.200211999221
regulatory role of interleukin-10 in experimental group b streptococcal arthritis.intravenous inoculation of cd-1 mice with 10(7) cfu of type iv group b streptococcus (gbs) results in a high incidence of diffuse septic arthritis, associated with high levels of systemic and local production of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) and il-6. in this study, the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine il-10 in the evolution of gbs systemic infection and arthritis was evaluated. il-10 production was evident in sera and joints of gbs-infected mice. neutralization of endogenous il-10 by admin ...200212010973
group b streptococci during pregnancy and infancy.group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) is still of great relevance in the perinatal period, although maternal antimicrobial prophylaxis has significantly reduced the rate of culture-confirmed invasive infection in neonates. this strategy, however, raises considerable concern because preterm delivery or late-onset sepsis cannot be prevented, and antibiotic resistance is increasing worldwide. several advances in the development of conjugate vaccines and in research on virulence factors a ...200212015467
the effect of temperature on bactericidal properties of 10% povidone-iodine solution.ten percent povidone-iodine (pvi) is commonly used as a bactericidal solution before amniocentesis is performed. warming pvi may increase patient comfort; however, the effect of warming on its bactericidal properties is not known. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of warming 10% pvi on its bactericidal properties.200212015498
[group b streptococcal infections in adults, excluding genital infections].group b streptococcus (gbs) or streptococcus agalactiae is recognized as a mayor cause of neonatal meningitis, sepsis and infections during pregnancy. however, in recent years there have been several reports concerning gbs infections in non pregnant adult population, specially in immunocompromised hosts and in patients with severe underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cancer. we report a series of 45 cases which occurred in nonpregnant adult population during a period of two years. t ...200212600008
serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of group b streptococcus from pregnant women in mexico.serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of group b streptococcus isolated from pregnant women in méxico200217061487
demographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics of maternity patients: a canadian clinical cohort study.objective: to determine the demographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics of a representative canadian obstetrical population. design: a one-year cohort study of all maternity patients who were followed to delivery, using detailed patient questionnaires containing more than 60 demographic and clinical variables, and three microbiological evaluations during gestation - first trimester, 26 to 30 weeks, and labour and delivery. outcome measurements included birth weight and gestational ...200218159407
the conformational epitope of type iii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide.in order to further characterize the conformational epitope of gbspiii, we synthesized various oligosaccharides with the gbspiii-related structures by a tailor-assembly synthetic scheme and a more traditional block-wise chemo-enzymatic approach. the oligosaccharides were used to probe the conformational epitope of gbspiii using number of complementary techniques. the protective epitope of gpspiii was further defined as length-dependent and conformational. the results of the studies confirmed tha ...200114533816
nmr and molecular modeling of complex carbohydrates and carbohydrate-protein interactions. applications to anti-bacteria vaccines.in order to characterize the conformational epitope of the group b meningococcal polysaccharide and of the type iii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide nmr measurements were done on a wide variety of native and modified polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. since these saccharides are highly mobile and exist as random coils in solution, the analysis of the nmr data and molecular modeling was done to take into account this inherent flexibility. the conformational model of extended high- ...200114533821
[b streptococcus and other pathogenic bacteria colonization in hospitals in the gdańsk metro area].a survey of group b streptococcus and other pathogenic bacteria colonization was carried out on 658 neonates in 8 neonatal wards of hospitals in the gdańsk metro area and the district of gdańsk. out of pathogenic bacteria haemophilus and enteric bacteria the most frequently were isolated. the percentage of staphylococcus aureus was relatively low (19.4). the group b streptococcus frequency in throat was established as 3.8% and ranging from 1.7 to 8.8% in particular wards. in two cases group b st ...200111984960
cm101 stimulates cutaneous wound healing through an anti-angiogenic mechanism.cm101, an anti-pathoangiogenic polysaccharide derived from group b streptococcus, has been shown to inhibit inflammatory angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing in a mouse model and minimize scarring/gliosis following spinal cord injury. to evaluate the in vivo effects of cm101 on cutaneous wound healing in the pig, intravenously delivered cm101 or placebo vehicle was given 1 h after cutaneous wounding and again at 72 h after injury. tissues from partial-thickness and full-thickness excisions ...200111824380
prevalence and risk factors of streptococcus agalactiae (group b) colonization in mothers and neonatal contamination at srinagarind hospital.from july 1999 to november 1999, 901 pregnant women at srinagarind hospital, who fulfilled the criteria and had signed consent forms, were cultured from the lower vagina and perineum for group b streptococcus (gbs). their neonates were also cultured from ears and anuses within 30 minutes after birth. there were 56 cases or 6.22 per cent colonization in pregnant mothers at the onset of labor and 14 cases or 1.55 per cent colonization in their neonates. risk factors for gbs colonization in mothers ...200111804252
[biochemical typing as a method of differentiating group b streptococcus].in epidemiological studies on the group b streptococcus the serological typing is used. the paper present the results of a study on usefulness of biochemical typing for differentiation of the group b streptococcus. for that purpose, 210 strains descended from colonized infants and pregnant women were put to typing with both of mentioned methods. we showed that each of the method distinguishes similar number of biotypes and serotypes. however, ought to be marked that significant number of strains ...200111785179
petrol sniffing in a pregnant aboriginal population: a review of maternal and neonatal outcomes.the study's aim was to determine if petrol sniffing during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes at the alice springs hospital. the study design was a retrospective case note review. the subjects were aboriginal women who delivered at the alice springs hospital between july 1991 and september 1999 where petrol sniffing was identified on the discharge coding; 14 women with 21 pregnancies were identified. one hundred and eleven nulliparous aboriginal women who deliver ...200111787917
identification of a novel membrane protein, hp59, with therapeutic potential as a target of tumor angiogenesis.cm101, a polysaccharide isolated from the culture medium of group b streptococcus, a neonatal pathogen, targets pathological angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth in mice and humans. cm101 also targets neonatal lung and adult sheep lung endothelial cells. a gene encoding a transmembrane protein that interacts with cm101 was isolated from a sheep lung endothelial cell cdna library. the gene, termed sp55, encodes a 495-amino acid polypeptide. cos-7 cells transfected with a vector containing sp55 ...200111751519
maternal and transplacental pharmacokinetics of cefazolin.to evaluate the intrapartum pharmacokinetics of cefazolin, including delivery to amniotic fluid (af) and fetal compartments, and to ascertain that adequate cefazolin concentrations are attained to exceed the mean concentration inhibiting 90% (mic(90)) of group b streptococcus strains.200111755556
[the trend of childhood bacterial meningitis in japan (1997.7-2000.6)].we surveyed the epidemiology of purulent meningitis in pediatrics for 3 years between july 1997 and june 2000 in japan and obtained the following results. the number of cases of purulent meningitis was 428, which was equivalent of 1.1-1.7 children out of 1,000 hospitalized those in pediatrics per year. the age-distribution for the infections was the highest under 1 year of age and it decreased as the age increased. under 1 year of age, the highest distribution was observed in one month of age an ...200111768357
neonatal group b streptococcal infection. results of 33 months of universal maternal screening and antibioprophylaxis.to assess the efficacy and pitfalls of a protocol of generalized screening for group b streptococcus (gbs) and intra-partum treatment of all carriers in a clinical setting.200111134830
genetic basis for the beta-haemolytic/cytolytic activity of group b streptococcus.group b streptococci (gbs) express a beta-haemolysin/cytolysin that contributes to disease pathogenesis. we report an independent discovery and extension of a genetic locus encoding the gbs beta-haemolysin/cytolysin activity. a plasmid library of gbs chromosomal dna was cloned into escherichia coli, and a transformant was identified as beta-haemolytic on blood agar. the purified plasmid contained a 4046 bp insert of gbs dna encoding two complete open reading frames (orfs). a partial upstream orf ...200111136446
evaluation of neonatal sepsis screening in a tropical area. part ii: evaluation of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis protocol.the authors report on an analysis of a chemoprophylaxis protocol at the university hospital of guadeloupe in the caribbean. this study comprised 6,060 consecutive deliveries and was initiated to assess the application of an intrapartum chemoprophylaxis protocol, evaluate its results, and try to identify possible necessary modifications to the existing protocol. although more than 90% of women had at least one bacterial screening (vaginal or urinary) during the last trimester of pregnancy, approx ...200111398285
mutually exclusive distribution of is1548 and gbsi1, an active group ii intron identified in human isolates of group b streptococci.the present study shows that active, self-splicing group ii intron gbsi1 is located downstream of the c5a-peptidase gene, scpb, in some group b streptococcus (gbs) isolates that lack insertion sequence is1548. is1548 was previously reported to be often present at the scpb locus in gbs isolated in association with endocarditis. since none of 67 gbs isolates examined, 40 of which were of serotype iii, harbored both is1548 and gbsi1, these two elements are suggested to be markers for different gene ...200111274116
modified granada agar medium for the detection of group b streptococcus carriage in pregnant women.to improve the detection rate of group b streptococci (gbs) in pregnant women, aiming at the prevention of early-onset septicemia in the newborn.200111284939
different cytokine expression in cord blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with neonatal sepsis or colonizing strains of streptococcus agalactiae.streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs) is the major pathogen of neonatal sepsis. in some newborns, gbs sepsis may have a severe course, including septic shock with a high mortality rate, whereas other newborns are colonized with gbs on their surfaces without any clinical signs of bacterial infection. the reason for this discrepancy is far from clear. we sought, in this study, to compare cytokine expression in cord blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with gbs strains isolated ...200111328954
confirmed group b streptococcus infection: the tip of the iceberg. 200111330249
implementation of guidelines for preventing early onset group b streptococcal infection.early onset group b streptococcus (eogbs) disease, defined by an onset within the first 72 hours of life, occurs in 1.3 to 3.7 per 1,000 live births. the authors sought to determine the impact of the new cdc/aap/acog guidelines on the prepartum screening practice, intrapartum management, incidence of eogbs infection, and evaluation of neonates born to gbs colonized women at university macdonald women's hospital (cleveland, oh). a retrospective analysis by chart review was conducted from january ...200111339663
effect of pre-existing immunity for systemic and mucosal immune responses to intranasal immunization with group b streptococcus type iii capsular polysaccharide-cholera toxin b subunit conjugate.the effects of priming with a group b streptococcus type iii capsular polysaccharide (gbs cps iii)-recombinant cholera toxin b subunit (rctb) conjugate, purified gbs cps iii or rctb alone on the systemic and mucosal immune responses to cps iii after intranasal (i.n.) immunization were investigated in mice. priming with purified gbs cps iii followed by boosting with gbs cps iii-rctb conjugate or priming with the conjugate followed by boosting with free cps induced comparable levels of specific ig ...200111348699
streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis and giant pyomyoma simulating ovarian cancer.group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) is a common etiology of bacteremia among adults. pyomyoma is a rare infectious complication of uterine leiomyomas. we report the case of a diabetic postmenopausal woman with a giant pyomyoma simulating an ovarian cancer. it was associated with s. agalactiae endocarditis and deep venous thrombosis of the right external iliac and femoral veins. treated initially with intravenous penicillin, amikacin, and anticoagulation, the patient later had abdomi ...200111372803
construction of multivalent sialyl le(x) from the type ia group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide.the type ia group b streptococcus (gbsia) capsular polysaccharide was specifically degraded by partial smith oxidation of 2,3-diol of the glc in the backbone to fragments representing asialo core repeating units. sialylation of these oligomers furnished gbsia multiple repeating units. one, two and three repeating units of gbsia were obtained pure, and the higher oligomers were obtained as mixtures. after enzymatic fucosylation oligosaccharides carrying bivalent, trivalent and other multivalent s ...200111376605
intrauterine infection may be a major cause of stillbirth in sweden.to investigate intrauterine infection as a cause for unexplained stillbirth.200111380286
bacterial meningitis in saudi arabia: the impact of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination.bacterial meningitis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. a retrospective chart review of all cases of culture-proven bacterial meningitis in children was conducted in a tertiary care facility in the king fahad national guard hospital (kfngh), riyadh. sixty-seven patients with culture-proven meningitis were reviewed. bacterial meningitis is more common in children under 2 years of age (85%). haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) was the most common organism causing me ...200111434527
antibodies to capsular polysaccharides of group b streptococcus in pregnant canadian women: relationship to colonization status and infection in the neonate.in a cohort study of 1207 pregnant women in alberta, canada, the serotype distributions of vaginal-rectal group b streptococcus (gbs) isolates were compared with all isolates from neonates with invasive gbs disease identified by population-based surveillance. serum concentrations of ia, ib, ii, iii, and v capsular polysaccharide (cps)-specific igg also were determined, according to serotype of the vaginal-rectal colonizing gbs strain. gbs colonization was detected in 19.5% (235 of 1207) of women ...200111443553
evaluation of a rapid optical immunoassay-based test for group b streptococcus colonization in intrapartum patients.to compare an optical immunoassay (oia) rapid diagnostic kit to standard culture for the diagnosis of vaginal colonization with group b streptococcus (gbs) and to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the oia results.200111444791
tandem repeat deletion in the alpha c protein of group b streptococcus is reca independent.group b streptococci (gbs) contain a family of protective surface proteins characterized by variable numbers of repeating units within the proteins. the prototype alpha c protein of gbs from the type ia/c strain a909 contains a series of nine identical 246-bp tandem repeat units. we have previously shown that deletions in the tandem repeat region of the alpha c protein affect both the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the protein in animal models, and these deletions may serve as a virul ...200111447184
localization of surface immunogenic protein on group b streptococcus.the localization and accessibility of the group b streptococcus (gbs) surface immunogenic protein (sip) at the surface of intact gbs cells were studied by flow cytometric assay and immunogold electron microscopy. antibodies present in pooled sera collected from mice after immunization with purified recombinant sip efficiently recognized native sip at the surfaces of the different gbs strains tested, which included representatives of all nine serotypes. examination of gbs cells by immunogold elec ...200111447199
serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of group b streptococcus over an eight-year period in southern taiwan.the increase in penicillin resistance among pneumococci and viridans streptococci and the development of serotype-specific conjugate vaccine have increased the need for knowledge of the antimicrobial susceptibility and the capsular serotypes of group b streptococci. over an 8-year period, 351 group b streptococcal isolates from southern taiwan were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype determination. eighty-seven percent of the isolates were typeable. types iii (28.5%) and v (27.1 ...200111453594
impairment of type iii group b streptococcus-stimulated superoxide production and opsonophagocytosis by neutrophils in diabetes.the effect of hyperglycemia upon susceptibility to bacterial infection in diabetes mellitus is incompletely elucidated. the present experiments assessed the effect of hyperglycemia upon neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs). type iii gbs was chosen for study because the incidence of invasive gbs disease is substantially increased in type 2 diabetic compared with nondiabetic subjects. the hypothesis tested was that severe hyperglycemia would alter neutrophil met ...200111461193
rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method for group b streptococcus isolates.we developed a rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) method that required 3 days to complete, an improvement over the standard method that required as many as 8 days. the accuracy and reproducibility of the rapid method were verified by analysis of dna band sizes of our control group b streptococcus isolate. the rapid method was superior to the standard method, providing more precise molecular sizing and gels of higher image quality. the reproducibility of rapid pfge substantiated its va ...200111474035
effective bactericidal activity of tobramycin and vancomycin eluted from acrylic bone cement.we studied the bioactivity of vancomycin and tobramycin eluted from methylmethacrylate bone cement. aliquots of the drainage were obtained at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours following total hip prosthetic implantation with vancomycin-tobramycin-loaded cement in 3 patients. the samples were analyzed with fluorescence polarization immunoassay and bioassay, using group b streptococcus for vancomycin and escherichia coli for tobramycin. these bacteria were selected due to the effectiveness of vancomycin and p ...200111480597
age-dependent presence of antibodies in rat dams, capable of conferring protection against group b streptococcus infection in neonates.a rat model was used to investigate maternal age-dependent resistance on group b streptococcus (gbs)-induced mortality of the offspring. offspring from young (first time) or older (repeat litters) dams were challenged with gbs. there was an approximate log difference in the dose of gbs required to cause identical levels of mortality in the two groups. the sera of the dams from both groups were analysed by whole-cell elisa, and it was demonstrated that sera from the older dams possessed circulati ...200111506919
differences in innate immunologic response to group b streptococcus between colonized and noncolonized women.to evaluate the functional capacity of granulocytes and monocytes from pregnant and nonpregnant women in relation to group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization status.200111516060
mixed infection associated with a group b streptococcus in a dog. 200111565375
an in vitro study of antibacterial properties of the cervical mucus plug in pregnancy.to evaluate whether cervical mucus plugs are antibacterial in vitro.200111568782
level of maternal antibody required to protect neonates against early-onset disease caused by group b streptococcus type ia: a multicenter, seroepidemiology study.because of the difficulty of conducting efficacy trials of vaccines against group b streptococcus (gbs), the licensure of these vaccines may have to rely on studies that measure vaccine-induced antibody levels that correlate with protection. this study estimates the level of maternal antibody required to protect neonates against early-onset disease (eod) caused by gbs type ia. levels of maternal serum igg gbs ia antibodies, measured by elisas in 45 case patients (neonates with eod caused by gbs ...200111574917
[pediatric deaths due to community-acquired bacterial infection. survey of french pediatric intensive care units].a retrospective survey has been conducted in the pediatric intensive care units (picus) affiliated to the groupe francophone d'urgence et de réanimation pédiatrique over two years (1999 and 2000). the purpose was to determine the number of children aged from 10 days to 18 years who died from community acquired bacterial infections and to compare the data to those obtained from official surveys (statistics of death from the institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) and from the i ...200111582916
meningitis and endocarditis caused by group b streptococcus in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patient.we present a case of meningitis and endocarditis caused by streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) in an adult patient with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. to our knowledge, only four other cases of meningitis, none of which had concomitant endocarditis, have been reported so far. a 45-year-old homosexual patient presented with fever, confusion, and signs of meningeal irritation. streptococcus agalactiae was cultured from the blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (csf). di ...200111596176
cloning of the streptococcus mutans gene encoding glucan binding protein b and analysis of genetic diversity and protein production in clinical isolates.streptococcus mutans, the primary etiological agent of dental caries, produces several activities that promote its accumulation within the dental biofilm. these include glucosyltransferases, their glucan products, and proteins that bind glucan. at least three glucan binding proteins have been identified, and gbpb, the protein characterized in this study, appears to be novel. the gbpb gene was cloned and the predicted protein sequence contained several unusual features and shared extensive homolo ...200111598068
optimal dosing of penicillin g in the third trimester of pregnancy for prophylaxis against group b streptococcus.we wanted to determine the optimal dose of intravenous penicillin (pcn) in the third trimester of pregnancy for the prophylaxis of group b streptococcus.200111641664
no increase in rates of early-onset neonatal sepsis by non-group b streptococcus or ampicillin-resistant organisms.we assessed the impact of a risk-based approach to group b streptococcus (gbs) prophylaxis on the rates of early-onset neonatal sepsis (eons).200111641665
group b streptococcal cellulitis in a child with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome.although infectious complications of nephrotic syndrome are common, group b streptococcus is a rare pathogen in these patients. we present a 4-year-old child with nephrotic syndrome who developed group b streptococcal cellulitis and bacteremia, an association not previously discussed in the literature, and review the factors that predispose patients with nephrotic syndrome to infection.200111642620
group b streptococcal sacroiliitis: case report and review.streptococcus agalactiae, or group b streptococcus (gbs), is the major cause of neonatal meningitis and sepsis but is an uncommon infection in adults. gbs arthritis is rare, and axial involvement with sacroiliitis is even more uncommon. microbiological diagnosis frequently relies upon positive blood cultures as synovial fluid cultures are usually negative. severe joint damage may result due to delay in the initiation of antibiotic treatment.200111669232
evaluation of neonatal sepsis screening in a tropical area part iii: neonatal sepsis in meconium stained deliveries.of the 6,060 consecutive live births delivered at the university maternity unit of guadeloupe (french west indies) during a 30-month period, 635 newborns (10.4%) presented with meconium stained (ms) amniotic fluid, of which 595 (94%) received bacteriological screening at birth (light ms, n = 543; thick ms, n = 52). thirty (5%) of ms newborns had a bacteraemia (n = 13, group b streptococcus, gbs), and 128 (21.5%) a bacterial positive gastric aspirate (n = 54, gbs). sixty-six newborns among ms bab ...200111677909
use of a dynamic in vitro attachment and invasion system (divas) to determine influence of growth rate on invasion of respiratory epithelial cells by group b streptococcus.expression of capsular polysaccharide (cps) and some surface proteins by group b streptococcus (gbs) is regulated by growth rate. we hypothesized that precise control of gbs growth, and thus surface-expressed components, could modulate the ability of gbs to invade eukaryotic cells. to test this hypothesis, a dynamic in vitro attachment and invasion system (divas) was developed that combines the advantages of bacterial growth in continuous culture with tissue culture. tissue culture flasks were m ...200111687649
retropharyngeal abscess caused by group b streptococcus in a previously healthy child.retropharyngeal cellulitis/abscess has not been recognized as a manifestation of group b streptococcal disease in the pediatric group beyond neonates. the purpose of this paper is to present a previously healthy 3-year-old boy with a retropharyngeal abscess due to group b streptococcus which was successfully treated by surgical incision and drainage in combination with amoxicillin/clavulanate therapy.200111688911
lumbar puncture in pediatric bacterial meningitis: defining the time interval for recovery of cerebrospinal fluid pathogens after parenteral antibiotic pretreatment.despite the lack of evidence defining a time interval during which cerebrospinal fluid (csf) culture yield will not be affected by previous antibiotic therapy, recent publications cite a "minimum window" of 2 to 3 hours for recovery of bacterial pathogens after parenteral antibiotic administration. we conducted a retrospective review of children with bacterial meningitis to describe the rate at which parenteral antibiotic pretreatment sterilizes csf cultures.200111694698
group b streptococcal neonatal infections in rio grande do sul, brazil.group b streptococcus is the most common pathogen found in neonatal sepsis in north america.200111696844
frequency of antibiotic resistance among group b streptococcus isolated from healthy college students.we report resistant rates to erythromycin and clindamycin among streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) isolated from a random sample of healthy male and nonpregnant female college students. observed resistance rates were twice as high as those reported among pregnant women from the same geographic area 2 years prior.200111698992
evaluation of the bact/alert automated blood culture system for detecting bacteria and measuring their growth kinetics in leucodepleted and non-leucodepleted platelet concentrates.to evaluate the bact/alert automated blood culture system for the detection of bacteria in platelet concentrates, and to determine bacterial growth kinetics in leucodepleted and non-leucodepleted units.200111703857
preventing recurrent second trimester group b streptococcus chorioamnionitis by intermittent prophylactic ampicillin.whereas carrying group b streptococcus during pregnancy is common, second trimester group b streptococcus chorioamnionitis with intact membranes is rare, and recurrence of the latter problem even more so.200111704202
[evolution of perinatal escherichia coli disease in the era of group b streptococcus prophylaxis].the aim of this study was to characterize perinatal escherichia coli disease, and to analyze its possible correlation with the employment of prophylaxis for group b streptococcal (gbs)disease.200111707216
prevalence and mechanisms of macrolide resistance in invasive and noninvasive group b streptococcus isolates from ontario, canada.macrolide resistance has been demonstrated in group b streptococcus (gbs), but there is limited information regarding mechanisms of resistance and their prevalence. we determined these in gbs obtained from neonatal blood cultures and vaginal swabs from pregnant women. of 178 isolates from cases of neonatal gbs sepsis collected from 1995 to 1998, 8 and 4.5% were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively, and one isolate showed intermediate penicillin resistance (mic, 0.25 microg/ml) ...200111709331
biodegradable microspheres containing group b streptococcus vaccine: immune response in mice.this study seeks to show the feasibility of producing a group b streptococcus (gbs) vaccine, which is capable of producing both a local iga immune response at the mucosal surface where gbs is colonized and a humoral igg response, which is capable of transplacental passive immunization.200111717653
group b streptococcal infections in newborns.group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most common cause of neonatal infection in north america and is associated with morbidity and mortality. prompt recognition and treatment of the infection is imperative. diagnostic tests and treatment options vary, without clear research-based recommendations. future trends should focus on gbs infection as a public health issue, with an emphasis on prevention.200111724201
maternal screening and treatment for group b streptococcus.maternal group b streptococcus colonization can result in complications for both mother and fetus. there are two protocols for decreasing the risk of infection: antenatal cultures and intrapartum risk-factor screening. compliance with guidelines improves with the active participation of nurses who monitor women at risk, notify clinicians when treatment is appropriate, and provide patient support and education.200111724202
clonal relationship between u.s. and french serotype v group b streptococcus isolates.we examined the genetic diversity of serotype v group b streptococcus (gbs) isolates in the paris area and compared them with the predominant american serotype v clone. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis yielded 11 patterns for 64 french gbs. one pattern was obtained with 60% of the isolates tested and was indistinguishable from that of the predominant american clone.200111724875
relationship between fetal pulmonary maturity assessment and neonatal outcome in premature rupture of the membranes at 32-34 weeks' gestation.the absence of fetal pulmonary maturity in patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes (pprom) is often considered an indication for conservative management. the purpose of this study was to examine the value of biochemical pulmonary maturity assessment for the prediction of neonatal outcome in patients with pprom between 32 and 34 weeks' gestation. pregnancies complicated by pprom at 32 to 34 weeks' gestation that delivered from january 1995 to may 2000 and had biochemical pulmonar ...200111733861
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