Publications

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the incidence of symptomatic urolithiasis in royal naval submariners comparison with personnel of the surface fleet. 20123256633
appetitive learning by old mice.groups of c57bl/6j (b6) and dba/2j (d2) mice, aged 100 to 700 days, were trained on 7 appetitive learning tasks in order to determine which tasks might be suitable for studies of learning by old mice. old b6 and d2 mice were both deficient in learning a discrimination reversal and two complex maze tasks; age did not affect performance on a simple spatial discrimination by subjects from either strain. three tasks yielded strain-specific results. old b6, but not old d2, animals were impaired on a ...20123569392
[sister chromatid exchange and accidental exposure to phenyl-mercury acetate]. 20123504672
the opioid system in the restless legs and nocturnal myoclonus syndromes. 20123505737
the effect of dummy-sucking on the occlusion: a review. 20123522253
the independent effect of ethnicity on cardiovascular fitness. 20123623511
design of dental equipment for remote rural and field areas.in the context of providing dental services, remote areas may be defined as those with overall low population densities; or isolated areas of low population density within more populous regions; or areas of high population density remote from dental services. the provision of equipment for remote areas is not simply a matter of extending the supply of conventional operatories to these regions. the particular needs of a region must be assessed first with equipment and instruments being selected t ...20123468078
msms members have new group health option. 20123347170
[insulin resistance in type i diabetes]. 20123302473
[left ventricular wall thickness in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: comparisons of measurements by magnetic resonance imaging, cineangiography, and echocardiography].to evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) in measuring regional wall thickness of the left ventricle, 11 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm) were imaged. the measurements were compared with those obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography (2d-echo) and cineangiography. regional wall thickness was ascertained at six locations including the base, middle, and apex of the interventricular septum (ivs) and left ventricular posterior wall (lvpw) from the two selected ...20123267712
blood glucose control and diabetic complications.two hypotheses have been advanced to explain the appearance of microvascular complications in diabetic patients with glycemic control. the genetic hypothesis suggests that the development of diabetic complications is genetically determined and independent of diabetic control, whereas the metabolic hypothesis suggests that long-term hyperglycemia causes the subsequent development of small-blood-vessel complications. we review data that either support or reject these hypotheses and suggest a third ...20123524339
the hemostatic mechanism: the role of platelets in physiology and bleeding states.the most recent information about platelets and their role in hemostasis is presented. the intimate cooperation between platelets, coagulation, and the vessel wall (the thrombohemorrhagic balance) is outlined. clinical correlates (congenital and acquired bleeding states) to the various physiological stages and the possible effects on hemostasis of the unique acidic environment of the stomach are briefly discussed.20123321399
long-term follow-up and complications of infants with vulvovaginal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.the long-term follow-up is presented of three infants with vulvovaginal rhabdomyosarcoma treated at 10, 11, and 15 months of age by radical surgery, pelvic radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. two patients developed colonic stricture requiring operative repair. one of these two patients also has urinary incontinence secondary to severe bladder contraction. pelvic radiation did not significantly affect stature. lateral transposition of the ovaries at the time of surgery preserved endocrine functi ...20123347430
dissociated ipsilateral horizontal gaze palsy in one-and-a-half syndrome: a clinicopathologic study.we report a patient with a one-and-a-half syndrome due to an isolated small infarction in the left rostral part of the paramedian pontine reticular formation and the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus. oculocephalic movements toward the left were preserved (dissociated ipsilateral horizontal conjugate gaze palsy).20123399079
[let us restore historical justice]. 20123312913
[crystalline structures of the saliva, their nature and properties]. 20123411011
the causes of tissue damage in toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.the pathogenetic mechanisms of tissue damage in toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis are complex and incompletely understood. they include invasion and parasitisation of retinal tissues by the toxoplasma parasite and localised tissue damage by a complex associated immune response. clinical and experimental studies which shed light upon our understanding of the disease process are reviewed and discussed with regard to current policies in treatment.20123538518
comparison of tensile and shear strength of new and recycled orthodontic metal brackets. 20123511411
[evaluation of 1,500 endoscopies performed in emergency for: digestive hemorrhage, oesophageal and gastric wounds and oeso-gastro-duodeno-biliary foreign bodies (author's transl)]. 20124544061
[geriatric pharmacology]. 20123475806
'problems with addition-cured silicone putty'. 20123465330
natural evolution of massive vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy.a study of 131 eyes with massive vitreous hemorrhage of diabetic origin showed that 3 months after the hemorrhage visual acuity had improved in 34 eyes (25.9%), was unchanged in 82 (62.6%), and had worsened in 15 (11.4%). the number of eyes improving between 3 and 6 months post-hemorrhage was the same as the number whose visual acuity worsened, 19 (14.5%). after 6 months, the proportion of worsening eyes was much greater than that of improving eyes, so that 2 years post-hemorrhage, 48.8% of the ...20123420317
13-cis-retinoic acid and its effect on the liver of the egyptian toad. 20123480846
staff turnover as a function of performance in a public residential facility.the relationship between employee turnover and performance was measured for 144 leavers and 144 stayers across 32 positions in a large institution for mentally retarded people. performance ratings for employees leaving the organization were significantly lower than for those who stayed. these performance differences occurred most significantly with involuntary dismissals and among direct-care technicians who comprise a major part of the institution's work force. the overall results suggest that ...20123434588
the catabolism of biosynthetic precursors by higher plants. 20124663657
the catabolism of biosynthetic precursors by higher plants. 20124663657
determination of urinary lysozyme for potential detection of tubular dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy.seeking to study whether measurement of lysozyme (ec 3.2.1.17) in urine by a reliable radioimmunoassay can provide a suitable index of renal tubular function and how lysozymuria develops in temporal relation to proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy, we have compared the urinary excretion of lysozyme and beta 2-microglobulin with the 15-min excretion rate of phenolsulfonphthalein in 39 patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and investigated the temporal relation between the onset of ...20123530528
late presentation of actinomycosis after third molar surgery. 20123506647
aspects on the benefit-risk balance of felodipine in hypertension.this review attempts to evaluate the benefit-risk balance of felodipine in the treatment of hypertension. known positive and negative properties of felodipine are considered. although accurate benefit-risk statements may be difficult even for old, well-established drugs it is concluded that felodipine appears to be an effective and well tolerated new antihypertensive drug. the reduction in blood pressure during felodipine treatment has been superior to that seen with established antihypertensive ...20123327674
patient's informed consent in austria. 20123586887
specific components in the etiology, assessment, and treatment of male sexual dysfunctions: controlled outcome studies.controlled outcome studies investigating specific components in the etiology, assessment, and treatment of male sexual disorders are reviewed. premature ejaculators appear just as accurate in assessing their levels of sexual arousal as are men not suffering from this condition. absolute levels of sexual activity or desire do not seem to be as important for these individuals as has been suggested. attempts to distinguish organic versus functional erectile failure using the mmpi or historical data ...20123294424
wine, women, suspiciousness and advertising.women college students (n = 66) viewed videotapes of a soap opera episode and a rock music program, ostensibly to evaluate the appeal of such material to college women. different versions of the videotape included zero, three or nine wine commercials. refreshments, including white wine, were available to the subjects. suspiciousness about the experiment was evaluated through an open-ended questionnaire, responses to which were independently content-analyzed by two scorers. major findings were as ...20123560952
wine, women, suspiciousness and advertising.women college students (n = 66) viewed videotapes of a soap opera episode and a rock music program, ostensibly to evaluate the appeal of such material to college women. different versions of the videotape included zero, three or nine wine commercials. refreshments, including white wine, were available to the subjects. suspiciousness about the experiment was evaluated through an open-ended questionnaire, responses to which were independently content-analyzed by two scorers. major findings were as ...20123560952
clinical spectrum of primary empty sella turcica.over recent years empty sella turcica has become more frequently diagnosed with high resolution computerized tomography and the associated clinical abnormalities have been better described. in this article the spectrum of clinical presentation is based on a review of 26 cases with six illustrative case reports. recommendations for management and further assessment are presented. it is important for clinicians to be aware of the varying presentations of this syndrome, since it should not be consi ...20123270319
[properties of lak cell activity and lak-generation in pbl isolated from patients with renal cell carcinoma]. 20123266646
a role for the extracellular matrix in retinal neurogenesis in vitro.the germinal neuroepithelial cells that give rise to the majority of neurons in the vertebrate central nervous system are in contact with the basement membrane that surrounds the neural tube from the very earliest stages. the effect of removing this basement membrane on the organization and proliferative potential of these cells was examined in a new slice culture preparation of developing rana tadpole retina. the results indicate that the germinal neuroepithelium, like other epithelial tissues, ...20123262071
do we survive with survival suits? 20123256635
pilf polymorphism-based real-time pcr to distinguish vibrio vulnificus strains of human health relevance.the gram-negative bacterium vibrio vulnificus is a common inhabitant of estuarine environments. globally, v. vulnificus is a significant foodborne pathogen capable of causing necrotizing wound infections and primary septicemia, and is a leading cause of seafood-related mortality. unfortunately, molecular methods for the detection and enumeration of pathogenic v. vulnificus are hampered by the genetically diverse nature of this pathogen, the range of different biotypes capable of infecting humans ...201222265278
comparison of molecular detection methods for vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus.pathogenic vibrios are a global concern for seafood safety and many molecular methods have been developed for their detection. this study compares several molecular methods for detection of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus, in mpn enrichments from oysters and fish intestine samples. this study employed the dupont qualicon bax(®) system real-time pcr assay for detection of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus. multiplex real-time pcr detection of total (tlh+), t ...201222265290
effective reduction of vibrio vulnificus in the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica) using high salinity depuration.depuration under different salinities was used to reduce the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus from eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica). individual recirculating systems were used to test the efficacy of depuration at three salinities (15, 25, and 35 psu) in four independent trials during a 14 day period. initial loads of v. vulnificus were higher than 10,000 mpn/g of oyster meat in all trials. data showed that 25 and 35 psu treatments were more efficient in reducing v. vulnificus numbers tha ...201223498187
complete genome sequence of bacteriophage vvaw1, which infects vibrio vulnificus.investigating the bacteriophages of vibrios has led to significant insights into the evolution and pathogenicity of their host strains. this report presents the first complete genome sequence of a bacteriophage that infects the deadly human pathogen vibrio vulnificus. the phage was isolated from the surface waters of the ala wai canal, which is part of an urban watershed in eastern honolulu, hawaii, usa. the phage particle is icosahedral, with a diameter of 35-40 nm, and a small non-contractile ...201223408718
studies on water quality and pathogenic bacteria in coastal water langkawi, malaysia.a study on physico-chemical parameters and pathogenic bacterial community was carried out at the coastal waters of pulau tuba island, langkawi. the physico-chemical parameters such as temperature (27.43-28.88 degrees c), dissolved oxygen (3.79-6.49 mg l(-1)), ph (7.72-8.20), salinity (33.10-33.96 ppt), total dissolved solids (32.27-32.77 g l(-1)) and specific conductivity (49.83-51.63 ms cm(-1)) were observed. station 3 and station 4 showed highest amount of nitrates (26.93 and 14.61 microg at n ...201223360015
effect of temperature on growth of vibrio paraphemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in flounder, salmon sashimi and oyster meat.vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus are the major pathogenic vibrio species which contaminate ready-to-eat seafood. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of human illness resulting from consumption of ready-to-eat seafood such as sashimi and raw oyster meat due to the presence of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus. we compared the growth kinetics of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus strains in broth and ready-to-eat seafood, including flounder and salmon sashimi, as ...201223330227
integration of vibrio vulnificus into marine aggregates and its subsequent uptake by crassostrea virginica oysters.marine aggregates are naturally forming conglomerations of larvacean houses, phytoplankton, microbes, and inorganics adhered together by exocellular polymers. in this study, we show in vitro that the bacterial pathogen vibrio vulnificus can be concentrated into laboratory-generated aggregates from surrounding water. we further show that environmental (e-genotype) strains exhibit significantly more integration into these aggregates than clinical (c-genotype) strains. experiments where marine aggr ...201223263962
vibrio vulnificus: death on the half shell. a personal journey with the pathogen and its ecology.vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium which occurs in high numbers in filter-feeding molluscan shellfish, such as oysters. in individuals with certain underlying diseases, ingestion of the bacterium, e.g., in raw or undercooked oysters, can lead to a rapid and extremely fatal infection. indeed, this one bacterium is responsible for 95 % of all seafood-borne deaths. in addition, the bacterium is capable of entering a preexisting lesion or cut obtained during coastal recreational activities, ...201223263234
In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of Asparagopsis taxiformis from the Straits of Messina against pathogens relevant in aquaculture.Ethanol extracts of Asparagopsis taxiformis collected from the Straits of Messina (Italy) were screened for antibacterial activity against pathogenic shellfish and fish bacteria previously isolated from local marine and brackish environments. Genetic labelling by DNA barcoding allowed us to identify the algal population as a biogeographical strain conspecific to A. taxiformis. The extract obtained in May showed the broadest antibacterial activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria, especiall ...201222078751
Intranasal administration of a flagellin-adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine enhances mucosal immune responses to protect mice against lethal infection.The influenza virus, a mucosal pathogen that infects the respiratory tract, is a major global health issue. There have been attempts to mucosally administer inactivated influenza vaccines to induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses. However, mucosally administered inactivated influenza vaccine has low immunogenicity, which is partially due to the lack of an effective mucosal adjuvant. The development of a safe and effective mucosal adjuvant is a prerequisite to the practical use of a mu ...201222051136
Insights into the antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions of the antimicrobial peptide, epinecidin-1, against Vibrio vulnificus infection in zebrafish.In the present study, we used Vibrio vulnificus and a zebrafish model system to investigate the inhibitory effect of epinecidin-1 on acute bacterial infection and studied the impacts of pretreatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment with epinecidin-1 on its protective efficacy. In vivo experiments showed that co-treatment with epinecidin-1 and V. vulnificus achieved 78%-97% survival rates after 30 days. When epinecidin-1 and V. vulnificus were co-injected into zebrafish and zebrafish were re-cha ...201121925271
Seagrass as a potential source of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.Context: Halophila spp. is a strong medicine against malaria and skin diseases and is found to be very effective in early stages of leprosy. Seagrasses are nutraceutical in nature and therefore of importance as food supplements. Objective: The antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Halophila ovalis R. Br. Hooke (Hydrocharitaceae) methanol extract were investigated and the chemical constituents of purified fractions were analyzed. Materials and methods: Plant material ...201122129224
characterization of a new quorum sensing regulator luxt and its roles in the extracellular protease production, motility, and virulence in fish pathogen vibrio alginolyticus.vibrio alginolyticus, an opportunistic pathogen that causes vibriosis in miscellaneous fish species, has brought about serious economic damage to the mariculture industry in south china. the mechanism of virulence regulation in v. alginolyticus is yet not known except a vibrio harveyi-like quorum sensing (qs) system that is established to manipulate the expression of diverse genes including those encoding virulence determinants. in this study, a new tetr family qs regulator, luxt, was identified ...201122130678
the effect of metals on condition and pathologies of european eel (anguilla anguilla): in situ and laboratory experiments.forty-nine wild eels (anguilla anguilla) caught in the albufera lake (spain), measuring 24.0-75.0cm in length and 25.0-637.7g in weight, were examined for metals (cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, pb, se and zn), condition (ci and hsi indices), as well as for diseases (anguillicola infestation; bacterial infections). total metal load significantly increased in eel liver tissue parallel to total length and body weight (log), while silvering females (w(b)>200g; l≥500mm) exhibited the highest amounts of ...201122030412
purification and characterization of enterocin mc13 produced by a potential aquaculture probiont enterococcus faecium mc13 isolated from the gut of mugil cephalus.a bacteriocin producer strain mc13 was isolated from the gut of mugil cephalus (grey mullet) and identified as enterococcus faecium. the bacteriocin of e. faecium mc13 was purified to homogeneity, as confirmed by tricine sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis showed a single active fraction eluted at 26 min, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectro ...201122112158
Overlapping and unique contributions of two conserved polysaccharide loci in governing distinct survival phenotypes in Vibrio vulnificus.As an aetiological agent of bacterial sepsis and wound infections, Vibrio vulnificus is unique among the Vibrionacea. Its continued environmental persistence and transmission are bolstered by its ability to colonize shellfish and form biofilms on various marine biotic surfaces. We previously identified a polysaccharide locus, brp, which contributes to the survival phenotypes of biofilm formation, rugose colony formation and stress resistance. Here, we describe a second polysaccharide locus, rbd ...201121895917
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of major foodborne pathogens in imported seafood.Seafood is a leading commodity implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Seafood importation rose dramatically in the past 3 decades and now contributes to more than 80% of the total U.S. seafood supply. However, limited data are available on the microbiological safety of imported seafood. In this study, we obtained a total of 171 salmon, shrimp, and tilapia samples imported from 12 countries in three retail stores in Baton Rouge, LA. The total microbial population and the ...201121902913
High salinity relay as a postharvest processing strategy to reduce vibrio vulnificus levels in Chesapeake Bay oysters (Crassostrea virginica).In 2009 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced its intention to implement postharvest processing (PHP) methods to eliminate Vibrio vulnificus from oysters intended for the raw, half-shell market that are harvested from the Gulf of Mexico during warmer months. FDA-approved PHP methods can be expensive and may be associated with unfavorable responses from some consumers. A relatively unexplored PHP method that uses relaying to high salinity waters could be an alternative strategy, ...201122054191
Identification and characterization of a novel outer membrane protein receptor required for hemin utilization in Vibrio vulnificus.Vibrio vulnificus, the cause of septicemia and serious wound infection in humans and fishes, require iron for its pathogenesis. Hemin uptake through the outer membrane receptor, HupA, is one of its many mechanisms by which it acquires iron. We report here the identification of an additional TonB-dependent hemin receptor HvtA, that is needed in conjunction with the HupA protein for optimal hemin utilization. The HvtA protein is significantly homologous to other outer membrane hemin receptors and ...201122015545
identification of virulence factors in vibrio vulnificus by comparative transcriptomic analyses between clinical and environmental isolates using cdna microarray.we compared the gene expression among four clinical and five environmental v. vulnificus isolates, using a cdna microarray containing 131 genes possibly associated with pathogenicity, transport, signal transduction, and gene regulations in the pathogen. cdnas from total rnas of these isolates were hybridized into the cdna microarray using the cdna of the wild-type strain mo6/24-o as a reference. we focused on selecting differentially expressed (de) genes between clinical and environmental isolat ...201122210607
[septic shock by vibrio vulnificus at the coast gulf of mexico].vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium which is found in marine environments and where there is a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. the infection by these bacteria can cause primary septicemia by two mechanisms: upon consuming crustaceans, mollusks and some fish (filtering shellfish) raw or barely cooked or by an open injury in contact with seawater. the patients with infections of the pr ...201121982195
[preparation and identification of ompw monoclonal antibodies].to prepare and characterize the mouse monoclonal antibodies against vibrio parahaemolyticus ompw.201121906472
high numbers of vibrio vulnificus in tar balls collected from oiled areas of the north-central gulf of mexico following the 2010 bp deepwater horizon oil spill.the deepwater horizon oil spill was the largest oil spill in usa history releasing approximately 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the gulf of mexico. soon after the spill started, tar balls and other forms of weathered oil appeared in large numbers on beaches in mississippi and alabama. in this study, we analyzed tar balls for total aerobic bacterial (tab) counts and also for the presence of vibrio vulnificus, a human pathogen known to be abundant in the gulf coast environment and capable o ...201122109669
cooperative regulation of the vibrio vulnificus nan gene cluster by nanr protein, camp receptor protein, and n-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate.the nan cluster of vibrio vulnificus, a food-borne pathogen, consists of two divergently transcribed operons, nant(psl)ar and nanek naga, required for transport and catabolism of n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac). a mutation of nanr abolished the extensive lag phase observed for the bacteria growing on neu5ac and increased transcription of nant(p) and nane, suggesting that nanr is a transcriptional repressor of both nan operons. intracellular accumulation of neu5ac was dependent on the carbon sou ...201121956110
ß-1,3-Glucan recognition protein (ßGRP) is essential for resistance against fungal pathogen and opportunistic pathogenic gut bacteria in Locusta migratoria manilensis.Pattern recognition proteins, which form part of the innate immune system, initiate host defense reactions in response to pathogen surface molecules. The pattern recognition protein ß-1,3-glucan recognition protein (ßGRP) binds to ß-1,3-glucan on fungal surfaces to mediate melanization via the prophenoloxidase (PPO)-activating cascade. In this study, cDNA encoding a 53-kDa ßGRP (LmßGRP) was cloned from Locusta migratoria manilensis. LmßGRP mRNA shown to be constitutively expressed specifically i ...201122062247
relationship between localization on cellular membranes and cytotoxicity of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin.vibrio vulnificus secretes a hemolysin/cytolysin (vvh) that induces cytolysis in target cells. a detergent resistant membrane domain (drm) fraction of the cells after sucrose gradient centrifugation includes cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains which have been called "lipid rafts". it was reported that some pore-forming toxins require association with drm and/or lipid rafts to exert their cytotoxicity. it has also been thought that cellular cholesterol is involved in vvh cytotoxicity because v ...201122028805
aeromonas hydrophila sepsis mimicking vibrio vulnificus infection.aeromonas hydrophila is a facultatively anaerobic, asporogenous gram-negative rod that has often been regarded as an opportunistic pathogen in hosts with impairment of a local or general defense mechanism. a 68-year-old alcoholic woman presented with shock and gangrene on the right arm. at first, her clinical presentations were severe painful erythematous swelling that worsened within a few hours with development of gangrene, edema, and blisters. bullous fluid and blood cultures yielded a. hydro ...201122028565
Apoptotic effect of Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells.Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (VVC) has a very strong cytotoxic effect on various types of mammalian cells. However, the inhibitory effect of VVC on the proliferation of human lung cancer cells has scarcely been reported. This study aimed to analyze the effects of recombinant VVC (rVVC) on the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms governing these effects. This study showed that rVV ...201122134407
Use of a DNA microarray for detection and identification of bacterial pathogens associated with fishery products.We established a microarray for the simultaneous detection and identification of diverse putative pathogens often associated with fishery products by targeting specific genes of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Yersinia enterocolitica and the 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. The microarray contained 26 sp ...201121965411
Vibrio vulnificus IlpA induces MAPK-mediated cytokine production via TLR1/2 activation in THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line.Vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic bacterium causing primary septicemia, which is followed by a classical septic shock pathway including an overwhelming inflammatory cytokine response. V. vulnificus IlpA is a potent immunogenic lipoprotein that triggers cytokine production in human monocytes by activating the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). In this study, we further defined the IlpA signaling pathways involved in cytokine production in the human monocytic cell line, THP-1. TLR2 was involved in cytok ...201121903273
Vaccination of sex reversed hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) with an inactivated Vibrio vulnificus vaccine.Vibrio vulnificus causes disease in economically important aquaculture raised fish and is an opportunistic human pathogen. This study reports on the isolation of V. vulnificus from diseased hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) cultured in a North American water reuse facility. Our objectives were to characterize the isolate using biochemical and molecular methods, develop a disease challenge model, and determine the ability of a formalin inactivated whole-cell vaccine to protect ag ...201121982852
[The effects of NF-E2-related factor-2 prompter polymorphism on alcoholic liver disease with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis].To investigate the influence of genetic polymorphism in NF-E2-related factor-2 (nrf2) gene promoter locus at 336 in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with Vibrio vulnificus (VV) sepsis.201122169690
Vibrio vulnificus Diarrhea in a Child with Respiratory Infection.Vibrio vulnificus is a rare cause of disease and it is often unrecognized and underreported. It is a lactose-fermenting, halophilic vibrio causing severe disease in immunocompromised patients, but causing a mild type of gastroenteritis in healthy people, usually associated with consumption of seafood. We report here a case of diarrhea due to V. vulnificus in a male child who was admitted for fever, loose motions and productive cough. There was no history of consumption of any seafood; so, the so ...201121887066
Antibiotic therapy for necrotizing fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus: retrospective analysis of an 8 year period.OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of a third-generation cephalosporin alone, a third-generation cephalosporin plus minocycline, and a fluoroquinolone in patients with necrotizing fasciitis (NF) caused by Vibrio vulnificus. METHODS: A retrospective review of case notes was performed for 89 patients who presented with NF caused by V. vulnificus and underwent surgical intervention within 24 h of admission between 2003 and 2010. Data on comorbidities, clinical manifestations, laboratory studi ...201122117030
protective mechanism of curcumin against vibrio vulnificus infection.curcumin, a natural polyphenolic flavonoid extracted from the rhizome of curcuma longa l., has many beneficial biological activities. however, there are relatively few reports of the effects of curcumin on pathogen infections. this study examined the effect of curcumin on a vibrio vulnificus infection. the cytotoxicity of v. vulnificus to hela cells was significantly inhibited by curcumin (at 10 or 30 μm). to further examine the inhibitory mechanism of curcumin against v. vulnificus-mediated cyt ...201122092562
fatal vibrio vulnificus infection associated with eating raw oysters, new caledonia. 201121192878
genotype is correlated with but does not predict virulence of vibrio vulnificus biotype 1 in subcutaneously inoculated, iron dextran-treated mice.vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of reported deaths from infections related to consumption of seafood in the united states. affected predisposed individuals frequently die rapidly from sepsis. otherwise healthy people can experience severe wound infection, which can lead to sepsis and death. a question is why, with so many people consuming contaminated raw oysters, the incidence of severe v. vulnificus disease is low. molecular typing systems have shown associations of v. vulnificus genoty ...201121199909
bacterial diseases of crabs: a review.bacterial diseases of crabs are manifested as bacteremias caused by organisms such as vibrio, aeromonas, and a rhodobacteriales-like organism or tissue and organ tropic organisms such as chitinoclastic bacteria, rickettsia intracellular organisms, chlamydia-like organism, and spiroplasma. this paper provides general information about bacterial diseases of both marine and freshwater crabs. some bacteria pathogens such as vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus occur commonly in blue crab haemolymph ...201121215353
vibrio vulnificus rtxa1 gene recombination generates toxin variants with altered potency during intestinal infection.vibrio vulnificus is a food-borne bacterial pathogen associated with 1% of all food-related deaths, predominantly because of consumption of contaminated seafood. the ability of v. vulnificus to cause disease is linked to the production of a large cytotoxin called the "multifunctional-autoprocessing rtx" (martx(vv)) toxin, a factor shown here to be an important virulence factor by the intragastric route of infection in mice. in this study, we examined genetic variation of the rtxa1 gene that enco ...201121220343
integrative genome-scale metabolic analysis of vibrio vulnificus for drug targeting and discovery.although the genomes of many microbial pathogens have been studied to help identify effective drug targets and novel drugs, such efforts have not yet reached full fruition. in this study, we report a systems biological approach that efficiently utilizes genomic information for drug targeting and discovery, and apply this approach to the opportunistic pathogen vibrio vulnificus cmcp6. first, we partially re-sequenced and fully re-annotated the v. vulnificus cmcp6 genome, and accordingly reconstru ...201121245845
evaluation of global gene expression during cold shock in the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus.vibrio vulnificus can adapt to cold temperatures by changing the expression profiles of certain genes and their resulting proteins. in this study, the complete v. vulnificus transcriptome was analyzed under cold shock by looking at gene expression changes occurring during the shift from 35°c to 4°c. a dna microarray-based global transcript profiling of v. vulnificus showed that 165 genes out of 4,488 altered their expression profiles by more than twofold. from 35°c to 10°c, an overall gene repre ...201121246233
structure-activity relationship of cinnamaldehyde analogs as inhibitors of ai-2 based quorum sensing and their effect on virulence of vibrio spp.many bacteria, including vibrio spp., regulate virulence gene expression in a cell-density dependent way through a communication process termed quorum sensing (qs). hence, interfering with qs could be a valuable novel antipathogenic strategy. cinnamaldehyde has previously been shown to inhibit qs-regulated virulence by decreasing the dna-binding ability of the qs response regulator luxr. however, little is known about the structure-activity relationship of cinnamaldehyde analogs.201121249192
[zoonotic bacterium: duty to notify advisable].vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic bacterium that can be found in raw fish (mainly eel and oysters) and seawater. human infections may extend from wound infections to fasciitis necroticans or primary sepsis with a mortality rate of more than 50%. although v. vulnificus is mainly found in the usa, its worldwide spread is also likely to involve the netherlands, as demonstrated by an increasing number of infected fish farms. since 2007, v. vulnificus infections have become a notifiable infectious dise ...201121262025
comparison of necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by vibrio vulnificus and staphylococcus aureus.vibrio vulnificus can cause a rapidly progressive fatal soft-tissue infection. staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of skin and soft-tissue infections reported worldwide, and, in particular, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus has emerged as the most common isolate in emergency departments. the purposes of the present study were to compare the specific characteristics of vibrio vulnificus and staphylococcus aureus infections and to compare the clinical outcomes of vibrio vulnif ...201121266641
comparative study between transcriptionally- and translationally-acting adenine riboswitches reveals key differences in riboswitch regulatory mechanisms.many bacterial mrnas are regulated at the transcriptional or translational level by ligand-binding elements called riboswitches. although they both bind adenine, the adenine riboswitches of bacillus subtilis and vibrio vulnificus differ by controlling transcription and translation, respectively. here, we demonstrate that, beyond the obvious difference in transcriptional and translational modulation, both adenine riboswitches exhibit different ligand binding properties and appear to operate under ...201121283784
mechanistic insight into the catalytic activity of ββα-metallonucleases from computer simulations: vibrio vulnificus periplasmic nuclease as a test case.using information from wild-type and mutant vibrio vulnificus nuclease (vvn) and i-ppoi homing endonuclease co-crystallized with different oligodeoxynucleotides, we have built the complex of vvn with a dna octamer and carried out a series of simulations to dissect the catalytic mechanism of this metallonuclease in a stepwise fashion. the distinct roles played in the reaction by individual active site residues, the metal cation and water molecules have been clarified by using a combination of cla ...201122114054
Homodimerization and binding of specific domains to the target DNA are essential requirements for HlyU to regulate expression of the virulence gene rtxA1, encoding the repeat-in-toxin protein in the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus.The virulence gene rtxA1, encoding the repeat-in-toxin protein, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus infections. Expression of this gene is controlled by the HlyU regulator by direct contact of the DNA upstream of the rtxA1 toxin operon acting as a derepressor of the H-NS protein. The crystal structure suggests that HlyU forms a homodimer in vitro. However, knowledge of the biological implications of these findings in vivo is limited. In this work, we endeavored to di ...201122020641
year round patchiness of vibrio vulnificus within a temperate texas bay.aims:  to investigate with high geographical resolution the small-scale spatial and temporal distribution of the pathogen vibrio vulnificus throughout the water column in a temperate texas bay where numerous v. vulnificus infections had been reported by the regional media the previous summer. methods and results:  surface and bottom water samples were collected from 19 sites between april 2005 and october 2006 from matagorda bay, tx. physicochemical parameters were measured and v. vulnificus wer ...201122212214
expression of divergent lsu rrna genes in the vibrio vulnificus cmcp6 genome during both infection and non-pathogenic stages.the vibrio vulnificus cmcp6 genome harbors nine copies of divergent large subunit (lsu) rrna genes that may express and constitute four kinds of lsu rrna molecules in a single cell. primer extension analyses showed that these heterogeneous lsu rrna transcripts are all expressed and assembled into ribosomes during both infection and nonpathogenic stages. phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer between ssu and lsu genes indicated that rrna operons of v. vulnificus cmcp6 can be clu ...201120526601
identification and functional characterization of an interferon regulatory factor 7-like (irf7-like) gene from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides.interferon regulatory factor (irf) 7 plays a crucial role in modulating cellular responses to viral infection and cytokines, including interferons (ifns). in the present study, a novel irf7 gene (designated as ecirf7) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ecirf7 cdna is composed of 2089 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 433 amino acids with 81% identity to irf7 of siniperca chuatsi, and the genomic dna of ecirf7 consists of 9 exons and 8 in ...201121295068
complete genome sequence of vibrio vulnificus mo6-24/o.vibrio vulnificus is the causative agent of life-threatening septicemia and severe wound infections. here, we announce the complete annotated genome sequence of v. vulnificus mo6-24/o, isolated from a patient with septicemia. when it is compared with previously known v. vulnificus genomes, the genome of this bacterium shows a unique genetic makeup, including phagelike elements, carbohydrate metabolism-related genes, and the superintegron.201121317338
prey bacteria shape the community structure of their predators.although predator-prey interactions among higher organisms have been studied extensively, only few examples are known for microbes other than protists and viruses. among the bacteria, the most studied obligate predators are the bdellovibrio and like organisms (balos) that prey on many other bacteria. in the macroscopical world, both predator and prey influence the population size of the other's community, and may have a role in selection. however, selective pressures among prey and predatory bac ...201121326335
evidence for the role of horizontal transfer in generating pvt1, a large mosaic conjugative plasmid from the clam pathogen, vibrio tapetis.the marine bacterium vibrio tapetis is the causative agent of the brown ring disease, which affects the clam ruditapes philippinarum and causes heavy economic losses in north of europe and in eastern asia. further characterization of v. tapetis isolates showed that all the investigated strains harbored at least one large plasmid. we determined the sequence of the 82,266 bp plasmid pvt1 from the cect4600(t) reference strain and analyzed its genetic content. pvt1 is a mosaic plasmid closely relate ...201121326607
enumeration of vibrio parahaemolyticus in the viable but nonculturable state using direct plate counts and recognition of individual gene fluorescence in situ hybridization.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative, halophilic bacterium indigenous to marine and estuarine environments and it is capable of causing food and water-borne illness in humans. it can also cause disease in marine animals, including cultured species. currently, culture-based techniques are used for quantification of v. parahaemolyticus in environmental samples; however, these can be misleading as they fail to detect v. parahaemolyticus in a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state which leads t ...201121329738
detecting potentially virulent vibrio vulnificus strains in raw oysters by quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification.vibrio vulnificus is a leading cause of seafood-related deaths in the united states. sequence variations in the virulence-correlated gene (vcg) have been used to distinguish between clinical and environmental v. vulnificus strains, with a strong association between clinical ones and the c sequence variant (vcgc). in this study, vcgc was selected as the target to design a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the rapid, sensitive, specific, and quantitative detection of potentia ...201121357428
tumor necrosis factor-a and mortality in patients infected with vibrio vulnificus.serum tumor necrosis factor-a (tnf-a) was evaluated in vibrio vulnificus-infected patients at admission. the median tnf-a concentration in the non-survivor group was determined to be 261.0 pg/ml, in contrast to 69.5 pg/ml in the survivor group (p = 0.001). hence, serum tnf-a concentration may potentially be an early predictor of the mortality in patients with vibrio septicemia.201121363981
vibrio vulnificus oysters: pearls and perils.vibrio vulnificus is a naturally occurring bacterium found ubiquitously in coastal waters. infection with this organism, which is often associated with eating raw oysters, is the leading cause of seafood-related deaths in the united states. this article reviews the current scientific literature on this potentially lethal pathogen and discusses the prognosis, treatment, and prevention of v. vulnificus infections.201121367733
involvement of the gspab complex in assembly of the type ii secretion system secretin of aeromonas and vibrio species.the type ii secretion system (t2ss) functions as a transport mechanism to translocate proteins from the periplasm to the extracellular environment. the exea homologue in aeromonas hydrophila, gspa(ah), is an atpase that interacts with peptidoglycan and forms an inner membrane complex with the exeb homologue (gspb(ah)). the complex may be required to generate space in the peptidoglycan mesh that is necessary for the transport and assembly of the megadalton-sized exed homologue (gspd(ah)) secretin ...201121378198
bullae and sweat gland necrosis in the differential diagnosis for vibrio vulnificus infection in an alcoholic patient.bullae and sweat gland necrosis remain rare cutaneous manifestation, and these conditions can be misdiagnosed as vibrio vulnificus infections or other soft tissue infections because of their low index of suspicion. a 46-yr-old man with a history of continued alcohol consumption presented with erythematous and hemorrhagic bullous lesions on his left arm. the patient reported that after the ingestion of clams, he slept for 12 hr in a heavily intoxicated state. then the skin lesions started as a re ...201121394318
antimicrobial effects of essential oils of cinnamosma fragrans on the bacterial communities in the rearing water of penaeus monodon larvae.farmed shrimps are vectors of various vibrio species that are considered a potential health hazard. previous study has shown that vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio alginolyticus dominated in the water and larval samples of shrimp hatchery (randrianarivelo et al. 2010 ). the effects of two essential oils (eos) of cinnamosma fragrans, an endemic plant to madagascar (b8: linalool-type and b143: 1,8-cineole-type), were determined on the total heterotrophic aerobic bacteria and t ...201121395412
structure of a nadph-dependent blue fluorescent protein revealed the unique role of gly176 on the fluorescence enhancement.a nadph-dependent blue fluorescent protein from vibrio vulnificus ckm-1 (bfpvv) emits blue fluorescence under uv-exposure. previously, the bfpvvd7 mutant generated by directed evolution displayed a fourfold enhancement in fluorescent intensity. herein, a further increase in fluorescence in the new bfpvvd8 mutant, with three additional mutations from bfpvvd7, was made. to understand the underlying mechanism of the increased fluorescent intensity of bfpvv, we solved the bfpvvd8-nadph complex struc ...201121397029
regulation of cytotoxicity by quorum-sensing signaling in vibrio vulnificus is mediated by smcr, a repressor of hlyu.cytotoxicity is an important virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of vibrio vulnificus, and two cytotoxins, rtx (encoded by rtxa1) and cytolysin/hemolysin (encoded by vvha), have been identified in this organism. we showed that the quorum-sensing regulator luxo controlled the cytotoxicity of this organism: a +öluxo mutant exhibited low cytotoxicity, whereas a constitutively activated luxo mutant, luxo(d47e), remained highly cytotoxic. the cytotoxicity of the +öluxo mutant was restored when ...201121398530
[primary transport of acute patients. optimal use of rescue resources exemplified by the canton of graubünden]. 20113927607
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