Publications

study on induction of apoptosis on hela and vero cells by recombinant shiga toxin and its subunits.	verotoxin (vt) or shiga toxin (stx) produced by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and shigella dysenteriae is ab5 holotoxin with potent protein synthesis inhibitor. vt can induce both apoptosis and necrosis depending on the cell type, it has been shown that vt-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity are distinct processes, and the a subunit can be necessary for apoptosis. in other words, the precise role of each subunit in apoptosis signaling has yet to be established. in this study, inductio ...	2009	19669659
bcl-2 regulates the onset of shiga toxin 1-induced apoptosis in thp-1 cells.	shiga toxins (stxs), which are proteins expressed by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and some serotypes of escherichia coli, are potent protein synthesis inhibitors. stx-producing organisms cause bloody diarrhea with the potential to progress to acute renal failure and central nervous system complications. studies using animal models of these diseases have shown that stxs are major virulence factors, and purified toxins have been shown to be capable of killing many types of ...	2009	19752028
the shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 proteome, profiled in the host intestinal environment, reveals major metabolic modifications and increased expression of invasive proteins.	shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (sd1) causes the most severe form of epidemic bacillary dysentery. we present the first comprehensive proteome analysis of this pathogen, profiling proteins from bacteria cultured in vitro and bacterial isolates from the large bowel of infected gnotobiotic piglets (in vivo). overall, 1061 distinct gene products were identified. differential display analysis revealed that sd1 cells switched to an anaerobic energy metabolism in vivo. high in vivo abundances of amino ...	2009	19813213
comparison of two label-free global quantitation methods, apex and 2d gel electrophoresis, applied to the shigella dysenteriae proteome.	the in vitro stationary phase proteome of the human pathogen shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (sd1) was quantitatively analyzed in coomassie blue g250 (cbb)-stained 2d gels. more than four hundred and fifty proteins, of which 271 were associated with distinct gel spots, were identified. in parallel, we employed 2d-lc-ms/ms followed by the label-free computationally modified spectral counting method apex for absolute protein expression measurements. of the 4502 genome-predicted sd1 proteins, 1148 ...	2009	19563668
porin of shigella dysenteriae directly promotes toll-like receptor 2-mediated cd4+ t cell survival and effector function.	porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 up-regulated toll-like receptor (tlr)2 on cd3-stimulated cd4(+) t cells but could not induce the expression of other tlrs. tlr2 in association with myeloid differentiating factor 88 (myd88) triggered the downstream signal transduction pathway leading to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab), and degradation of ikappab, the nf-kappab inhibitor. tlr2 co-stimulation by porin resulted in t cell expansion by in ...	2009	19576636
frequency of isolation of various subtypes and antimicrobial resistance of shigella from urban slums of karachi, pakistan.	shigellosis remains a major public health problem in developing countries. antimicrobial resistance has complicated the empirical treatment. knowledge of serotypes is crucial in vaccine development, as cross-protection between various serotypes is limited. therefore we conducted a prospective study to determine the frequency of isolation of shigella serotypes and antimicrobial resistance.	2009	19135399
safety and immunogenicity of sc599, an oral live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type-1 vaccine in healthy volunteers: results of a phase 2, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial.	sc599 vaccine is a live shigella dysenteriae 1 strain attenuated by deletion of invasion [icsa], iron chelation [ent, fep] and shiga toxin a subunit [stxa] genes. in a preliminary phase 1 single dose prospective study, we showed that sc599 vaccine was well tolerated, and the maximum tolerable dose was greater than 10(8) cfu [sadorge c, ndiaye a, beveridge n, frazer s, giemza r, jolly n, et al. phase 1 clinical trial of live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type-1 deltaicsa deltaent deltafep delta ...	2009	19135496
rapid dna amplification using a battery-powered thin-film resistive thermocycler.	a prototype handheld, compact, rapid thermocycler was developed for multiplex analysis of nucleic acids in an inexpensive, portable configuration. instead of the commonly used peltier heating/cooling element, electric thin-film resistive heater and a miniature fan enable rapid heating and cooling of glass capillaries leading to a simple, low-cost thin-film resistive thermocycler (tfrt). computer-based pulse width modulation control yields heating rates of 6-7 k/s and cooling rates of 5 k/s. the ...	2009	19159110
a look back at an ongoing problem: shigella dysenteriae type 1 epidemics in refugee settings in central africa (1993-1995).	shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) is a cause of major dysentery outbreaks, particularly among children and displaced populations in tropical countries. although outbreaks continue, the characteristics of such outbreaks have rarely been documented. here, we describe the sd1 outbreaks occurring between 1993 and 1995 in 11 refugee settlements in rwanda, tanzania and democratic republic of the congo (drc). we also explored the links between the different types of the camps and the magnitude of the o ...	2009	19214226
the expression of lipopolysaccharide by strains of shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri and shigella boydii and their cross-reacting strains of escherichia coli.	strains of shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri and shigella boydii express lipopolysaccharides, that enable the serotyping of strains based on their antigenic structures. certain strains of s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri and s. boydii are known to share epitopes with strains of escherichia coli; however, the lipopolysaccharide profiles of the cross-reacting organisms have not been compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) lipopolysaccharides profiling. in ...	2009	19222579
structure and heme binding properties of escherichia coli o157:h7 chux.	for many pathogenic microorganisms, iron acquisition from host heme sources stimulates growth, multiplication, ultimately enabling successful survival and colonization. in gram-negative escherichia coli o157:h7, shigella dysenteriae and yersinia enterocolitica the genes encoded within the heme utilization operon enable the effective uptake and utilization of heme as an iron source. while the complement of proteins responsible for heme internalization has been determined in these organisms, the f ...	2009	19319934
expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the tonb-dependent haem outer membrane transporter shua from shigella dysenteriae.	as part of efforts towards understanding the crystallization of membrane proteins and membrane transport across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, the tonb-dependent haem outer membrane transporter shua of shigella dysenteriae bound to heavy atoms was crystallized in several crystallization conditions using detergents. the insertion of a his(6) tag into an extracellular loop of shua, instead of downstream of the escherichia coli peptide signal, allowed efficient targeting to the outer ...	2009	19342792
synthesis, characterization, and immunogenicity in mice of shigella sonnei o-specific oligosaccharide-core-protein conjugates.	shigellosis, an enteric disease, is on the world health organization's priority prevention list. in one study, the shigella sonnei o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp)-protein conjugate showed 72% protection against disease in israeli army recruits exposed to high rates (8-14%) of infection. the protection was related to vaccine-induced igg anti-o-sp levels. synthetic oligosaccharides of shigella dysenteriae type 1, bound by their reducing ends to a carrier protein ("sun"-type configuration), induce ...	2009	19346477
[complete structure of the o-polysaccharide from shigella dysenteriae type 10].	the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide from shigella dysenteriae type 10, which has been reported previously in bioorg. khim. (1977, vol. 3, pp. 1219-1225), was refined: [formula: see text].	2009	19377533
antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract and compounds from morus mesozygia stem bark.	this study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract (mmb) and compounds isolated from the stem bark of morus mesozygia, namely 3beta-acetoxyurs-12-en-11-one (1), moracin q (2), moracin t (3), artocarpesin (4), cycloartocarpesin (5), moracin r (6), moracin u (8), moracin c (9), and moracin m (10).	2009	19450674
diarrhea associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a 3-year picu experience from nepal.		2009	20072865
association of water-borne diseases morbidity pattern and water quality in parts of ibadan city, nigeria.	occurrence of diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases in cities of developing countries has been on the increase over the decades largely due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene among human population. this study examined the relationship between the spatial pattern of water-borne diseases vis-a-vis water quality in parts of ibadan city in nigeria. data on 1334 cases of various water-borne diseases was collected from eight public hospitals with catchments covering the study ...	2009	20734698
acanthamoeba castellanii an environmental host for shigella dysenteriae and shigella sonnei.	the interaction between shigella dysenteriae or shigella sonnei and acanthamoeba castellanii was studied by viable counts, gentamicin assay and electron microscopy. the result showed that shigella dysenteriae or shigella sonnei grew and survived in the presence of amoebae for more than 3 weeks. gentamicin assay showed that the shigella were viable inside the acanthamoeba castellanii which was confirmed by electron microscopy that showed the shigella localized in the cytoplasm of the acanthamoeba ...	2009	18712360
guideline for the investigation and initial therapy of diarrhea-negative hemolytic uremic syndrome.	this guideline for the investigation and initial treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is intended to offer an approach based on opinion, as evidence is lacking. it builds on the current ability to identify the etiology of specific diagnostic sub-groups of hus. hus in children is mostly due to infection, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec), shigella dysenteriae type 1 in some geographic regions, and invasive streptococcus pneumoniae. these sub-groups are relatively straight ...	2009	18800230
simultaneous detection of enteric bacteria from surface waters by qpcr in comparison with conventional bacterial indicators.	a rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) method was developed for simultaneous detection of enteric bacteria from surface waters by utilizing a pair of universal primers which targeted four bacteria strains, namely shigella dysenteriae, vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhimurium, and escherichia coli. it was estimated that the qpcr method had a 94% confidence, and a detection limit as 2.7 e. coli cells per sample in undiluted dna extracts. the qpcr method was applied for the bacteriolo ...	2009	18931927
lactobacilli facilitate maintenance of intestinal membrane integrity during shigella dysenteriae 1 infection in rats.	lactobacilli are used in various dairy products and fermented foods for their potential health beneficial effects. recently we reported the protective role of lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactobacillus acidophilus during shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. nevertheless, investigations on the membrane-stabilizing effect of l. rhamnosus and l. acidophilus have not been done. hence, the present study evaluated the effect of l. rhamnosus and l. acidophilus on the maintenance of intestinal membrane inte ...	2009	19036564
selective ccr2-targeted macrophage depletion ameliorates experimental mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis.	the ccl2/ccr2 chemokine/receptor axis directs the chemotaxis of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and t cells and plays a pivotal role in tissue damage and fibrosis in kidney diseases. the eradication of the activated leucocytes should diminish the production of inflammatory mediators, limit tissue damage and ameliorate disease. a recombinant fusion protein (opl-ccl2-lpm) comprised of the human ccl2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) chemokine fused to a truncated form of the enzymatically ac ...	2009	19040610
molecular detection of all 34 distinct o-antigen forms of shigella.	shigella is the cause of shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, the occurrence of which is estimated to be 165 million cases per year worldwide, resulting in 1.1 million deaths. rapid and reliable assays for detecting and identifying shigella in food, environmental and clinical samples are therefore necessary. shigella species are traditionally identified by their o antigens. this study developed a dna microarray targeting o-serotype-specific genes to detect all 34 distinct o-antigen forms of shige ...	2009	19074655
utilization of formal social support services by non-institutionalized ill elderly.		2009	2948279
surrogate dentist: domestic medical guides and oral health care in the nineteenth century.		2009	2700922
[demands for quality and planning standards for model casting].		2009	2697127
the incidence and significance of seminal vesicle invasion in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate.	the incidence and significance of seminal vesicle invasion in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were determined in 139 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. of the 36 patients who had seminal vesicle invasion, 27 (75%) also had capsular invasion and 13 (43%) had lymph node metastases. disease progression rates were 31% and 58% at 5 and 8 years, respectively. survival rate at 5 years was 90.6% and at 8 years it was 83.7%. of the 103 patients without seminal vesicle invasion, 21 ...	2009	3815316
assessment of the character and incidence of electrocardiographic changes in children with simple obesity.	the studied group comprised 82 children with simple obesity. in the group the character and frequency of ecg changes in 12 conventional leads were analyzed. a correlation was established between the character and frequency of these changes and the degree of overweight and obesity duration. in children with simple obesity a considerable prevalence was observed of disturbances of sinus rhythm, impairment of intraventricular conduction and signs of left ventricular hypertrophy. the observed changes ...	2009	3837606
assessment of the character and incidence of electrocardiographic changes in children with simple obesity.	the studied group comprised 82 children with simple obesity. in the group the character and frequency of ecg changes in 12 conventional leads were analyzed. a correlation was established between the character and frequency of these changes and the degree of overweight and obesity duration. in children with simple obesity a considerable prevalence was observed of disturbances of sinus rhythm, impairment of intraventricular conduction and signs of left ventricular hypertrophy. the observed changes ...	2009	3837606
blood clonal b cell excess (cbe) at diagnosis in patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl). relation to clinical stage, histopathology and response to treatment.	untreated non-leukemic (lymphocytes less than or equal to 4.0 x 10(9)/l) patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) of b cell type often show an excess of b cells in peripheral blood bearing the same light chain isotype as the lymph node tumor cells which may indicate a leukemic spread of the disease. the ratio between kappa- and lambda-bearing lymphocytes (normal range 1.0-3.3) was studied to evaluate the prognostic significance of clonal b cell excess (cbe) at diagnosis in 110 nhl patients. in t ...	2009	3115783
[computerized tomography symptoms in 2 cases of primary linitis plastica of the rectum].		2009	2844723
convergence to stationary distributions in two-species stochastic competition models.	two sets of sufficient conditions are given for convergence to stationary distributions, for some general models of two species competing in a randomly varying environment. the models are nonlinear stochastic difference equations which define markov chains. one set of sufficient conditions involves strong continuity and phi-irreducibility of the transition probability for the chain. the second set has a much weaker irreducibility condition, but is only applicable to monotonic models. the results ...	2009	2769087
lead toxicity and iron deficiency in utah migrant children.	we determined the frequency of presumptive iron deficiency and lead toxicity in 198 utah migrant children, ages 9-72 months, during the summer of 1985. there were no confirmed cases of lead toxicity. thirteen per cent of those tested and 30 per cent of the children ages 9-23 months were iron deficient. hematocrit determinations accurately predicted iron deficiency in only 35 per cent of the children confirmed to have this disorder via erythrocyte protoporphyrin screening.	2009	2650572
lead toxicity and iron deficiency in utah migrant children.	we determined the frequency of presumptive iron deficiency and lead toxicity in 198 utah migrant children, ages 9-72 months, during the summer of 1985. there were no confirmed cases of lead toxicity. thirteen per cent of those tested and 30 per cent of the children ages 9-23 months were iron deficient. hematocrit determinations accurately predicted iron deficiency in only 35 per cent of the children confirmed to have this disorder via erythrocyte protoporphyrin screening.	2009	2650572
panic attack-associated placental abruption: a case report.	a case of placental abruption is described in a nonmedicated pregnant woman with panic disorder who experienced panic symptoms and resultant hypertension. the authors suggest that sympathetic arousal associated with panic symptoms may have an adverse effect on the fetoplacental unit. the potential impact of untreated anxiety symptoms on fetal well-being must be considered when deciding whether pharmacotherapeutic intervention is appropriate for certain patients with anxiety disorders.	2009	2738032
community care--up in the air?		2009	2771747
31p-nmr study on intracellular energy transport in muscle.		2009	2798486
31p-nmr study on intracellular energy transport in muscle.		2009	2798486
chronic subdural haematoma after spinal anaesthesia. case report.	in this study an interesting and not frequent case of non-traumatic chronic subdural haematoma after spinal anaesthesia is reported. after a careful review of the cases described in the literature, the authors discussed the physiopathological mechanisms, emphasizing how the break of the bridge veins or of the subarachnoid granulations, the cerebral atrophy and the dehydration are factors which facilitate the appearance of this neurological complication. they suggest that a suitable post-operativ ...	2009	4093803
chronic subdural haematoma after spinal anaesthesia. case report.	in this study an interesting and not frequent case of non-traumatic chronic subdural haematoma after spinal anaesthesia is reported. after a careful review of the cases described in the literature, the authors discussed the physiopathological mechanisms, emphasizing how the break of the bridge veins or of the subarachnoid granulations, the cerebral atrophy and the dehydration are factors which facilitate the appearance of this neurological complication. they suggest that a suitable post-operativ ...	2009	4093803
car radiator burns: a report on 72 cases.	seventy-two cases of car radiator burns (crb) were treated in the burns unit, hamad medical corporation, doha, qatar, over a 6-year period (1982-87). all the patients were males and most were between 20 and 40 years old. chest wall, face and right upper limb were the commonest sites involved. most of the patients suffered from relatively minor scalds. the scenario of the accidents as well as the topography of the burned areas were characteristic to this particular type of injury. the exceptional ...	2009	2765150
spinal chronic subdural haematoma in a 7-year old girl.	a case is reported of chronic encapsulated spinal subdural haematoma which developed in a 7-year-old girl after minor spinal trauma. surgical removal of the lesion was followed by complete recovery.	2009	2792133
a simple procedure with nail preservation for ingrowing toe-nails.	the numerous methods used for treating ingrowing toe-nails are testimony to the lack of a generally acceptable procedure with a low failure rate. a simple procedure with nail preservation is described, and the results of treatment assessed. the procedure consists of making a transposition flap of the nail wall after preliminary curettage of the granulation tissue in the nail groove. a total of 82 patients were treated by this method over a 3-year period, and the results in 63 patients were asses ...	2009	4052211
a simple procedure with nail preservation for ingrowing toe-nails.	the numerous methods used for treating ingrowing toe-nails are testimony to the lack of a generally acceptable procedure with a low failure rate. a simple procedure with nail preservation is described, and the results of treatment assessed. the procedure consists of making a transposition flap of the nail wall after preliminary curettage of the granulation tissue in the nail groove. a total of 82 patients were treated by this method over a 3-year period, and the results in 63 patients were asses ...	2009	4052211
determination of plasma homocysteine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.	severe homocystinemia is frequently associated with vascular disease while the pathological consequences of moderate or slightly elevated plasma homocysteine are unknown. cobalamin and folate deficiencies may result in an elevation of plasma homocysteine. a sensitive and reproducible assay for total plasma homocysteine has been developed. the essential steps in the assay include (i) conversion of homocysteine disulfides to free homocysteine with borohydride reduction; (ii) conjugation of homocys ...	2009	2729575
penetrating eye injuries.	a review of all penetrating eye injuries treated at the manchester royal eye hospital over four years (1 january 1982-31 december 1985) was undertaken. a total of 202 penetrating eye injuries were seen of which 68 (34%) were in children under the age of 15 years. airgun, dart, and knife injuries accounted for 28 (41%) of the injuries. thirty seven patients (54%) achieved a good visual result (6/12 or better) and eight (12%) had enucleations. the period of inpatient treatment ranged from two to 1 ...	2009	2705791
pica: a clue to iron deficiency anemia.		2009	2716310
the primary care role in occupational health nursing.	primary care is a valid, legal responsibility of the practicing occupational health nurse and accounts for a high percentage of the occupational health nurse's daily activities when considered on a local, national, and international level. historically, the varying definitions of primary care presented have led to confusion among practitioners who are attempting to categorize their services. the author attempts to express a workable interrelationship among these numerous terms including, "primar ...	2009	2818762
captopril--nifedipine interaction in hypertension.	nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker exerts significant peripheral vasodilatory activity in hypertensive patients. it has been postulated that the antihypertensive effect of peripherally acting vasodilators is masked, by counter regulatory mechanism e.g. activation of renin-angiotensin aldosterone (raa) axis. the present work was undertaken to study the effect of blockade of raa axis using captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on the blood pressure lowering activity of nifedipin ...	2009	2681136
any more cordials to the drooping spirit? professional ethics, 1847-1989.		2009	2636862
[clinico-pathogenetic correlations in acute infectious diarrhea].		2009	2675261
regional pain syndrome.		2009	2790410
pure red cell aplasia with hypogammaglobulinemia appearing after thymectomy: a possible role for serum and cellular factors.		2009	3131206
[means of improving the chemoradiotherapy of small cell cancer of the lung].	the report deals with an analysis of the results of treatment of 84 patients suffering small cell lung cancer. four regimens of combination chemotherapy as well as radiation were used. complete plus partial regression rates ranged 18-81% (mean-42%) following chemotherapy and 73-87% after radiation treatment. platidiam-containing schemes proved most effective. prophylactic cranial irradiation was followed by increased survival. a correlation between extent of tumor and effectiveness of treatment ...	2008	2839938
[means of improving the chemoradiotherapy of small cell cancer of the lung].	the report deals with an analysis of the results of treatment of 84 patients suffering small cell lung cancer. four regimens of combination chemotherapy as well as radiation were used. complete plus partial regression rates ranged 18-81% (mean-42%) following chemotherapy and 73-87% after radiation treatment. platidiam-containing schemes proved most effective. prophylactic cranial irradiation was followed by increased survival. a correlation between extent of tumor and effectiveness of treatment ...	2008	2839938
[computer-assisted preliminary determination of the refraction of intraocular lenses].	seventy-seven cases with posterior chamber lenses were examined after suture removal. the residual astigmatism measured 1.27 d. the remaining refraction (spheric equivalent) was 1.6 d. the relation in size of the two corresponding retina images (isoiconia) was taken into consideration by prior determination of lens power based on computerized measurement. the computer program was developed by lepper (bonn). the method of lens power calculation is described.	2008	3755189
[diagnostic value of cranial computerized tomography in pediatric practice].	a total of 100 clinical records have been studied to as certain the diagnostic use of brain ct. most frequent diagnoses are: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopaty, seizure disorders, psychomotor delay, head enlargement and trauma. the first years of life was the period with a higher frequency of applications and the greater percentage of pathologic results (75-80 por 100) was found among intracranial hypertension, fetal distress, macrocephaly or infections of central nervous system and their sequelae. ...	2008	2629553
prothrombin requires two sequential metal-dependent conformational transitions to bind phospholipid. conformation-specific antibodies directed against the phospholipid-binding site on prothrombin.	prothrombin is a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein that binds to phospholipid vesicles in the presence of calcium ions after undergoing a metal ion-induced conformational transition. to integrate recent data into a scheme that is compatible with our knowledge of prothrombin-metal interaction, we have proposed a new model of prothrombin structure. in this model prothrombin undergoes two metal-dependent conformational transitions: pt----pt'----pt*. the first transition is not cation-sp ...	2008	2429962
[surgical scoliosis therapy using vds and harrington instrumentation (ventral derotation spondylodesis)].	the vds-method in accordance to zielke and the harrington-distraction-spondylodesis are proved as methods for correction of scoliosis lasting for decades, which late results are world-wide analysed and published. the both diametrical corrective principles and the fundamental different operative techniques settle their different indications, which doubtless depend on the experience of the surgeon. both methods complete each other in operative spectrum of the spinal surgeon. a careful study of the ...	2008	2248610
melanin concentrating hormone (mch): structure-function aspects of its melanocyte stimulating hormone-like (msh-like) activity.	melanin concentrating hormone (mch) is a heptadecapeptide, asp-thr-met-arg-cys-met-val-gly-arg-val-tyr-arg-pro-cys-trp-glu-val, synthesized in the brain and secreted from the pars nervosa of teleost fish. this hormone stimulates melanosome (melanin granule) aggregation within integumental melanocytes of fishes but, in contrast, stimulates melanosome dispersion within tetrapod (frog and lizard) melanocytes. we determined the message sequence of the primary structure of mch which is responsible fo ...	2008	2587419
a model for evaluation of gas exchange: mouth to mouth ventilation of infants by emergency medical technicians.	we describe a model for evaluating techniques of infant ventilation during resuscitation. the utility of the model is illustrated by testing performance of emergency medical technicians in mouth to mouth ventilation of a model 4 kg infant. ventilation was generally adequate with mean (+/- s.d.) frequency 22 +/- 9 breaths per minute and tidal volume 40 +/- 13 ml. gas delivered to the model consisted of pico2 7 +/- 6 mmhg and fio2 0.20 +/- 0.007. assuming normal metabolic rate and respiratory dead ...	2008	2174185
corticosteroids in homeostasis.		2008	2683585
corticosteroids in homeostasis.		2008	2683585
the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipids, haemostasis, neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (cad). there is some evidence that polyunsaturated fatty acids of the marine n-3 type (n-3 pufa's) may offer protection against cad. we have studied the effect of short-term dietary supplementation with n-3 pufas on lipids, haemostasis, neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in 10 patients with iddm. the patients were given 4 g daily of n-3 pufas (fish oil) for 6 weeks and were investigated bef ...	2008	2706043
late brain abscess years after severe cerebrocranial trauma with fronto-orbitobasal fracture.	an 8-year-old boy suffered severe craniocerebral trauma with left-sided fronto-orbitobasal fracture. the ct scan showed minor subdural air inclusions. the child recovered well and had no clinical signs of aftereffects. eight years after the accident, symptoms of intracranial pressure developed progressively with nuchal rigidity and elevated temperature. the ct showed an extensive left fronto-orbitobasal abscess. the intraoperative finding was a brain prolapse both into the frontal sinus and into ...	2008	2736550
late brain abscess years after severe cerebrocranial trauma with fronto-orbitobasal fracture.	an 8-year-old boy suffered severe craniocerebral trauma with left-sided fronto-orbitobasal fracture. the ct scan showed minor subdural air inclusions. the child recovered well and had no clinical signs of aftereffects. eight years after the accident, symptoms of intracranial pressure developed progressively with nuchal rigidity and elevated temperature. the ct showed an extensive left fronto-orbitobasal abscess. the intraoperative finding was a brain prolapse both into the frontal sinus and into ...	2008	2736550
children's responses to different forms of expression of anger between adults.	anger is not a homogeneous stimulus, but can vary on a variety of dimensions and domains. this study examined children's responses to anger as a function of: (a) the mode of expression of anger (nonverbal, verbal, verbal-physical), and (b) whether or not anger between others was resolved. children were presented with videotaped segments of angry and friendly interactions and asked questions concerning their responses. all angry interactions, including non-verbal anger, were perceived as negative ...	2008	2612248
children's responses to different forms of expression of anger between adults.	anger is not a homogeneous stimulus, but can vary on a variety of dimensions and domains. this study examined children's responses to anger as a function of: (a) the mode of expression of anger (nonverbal, verbal, verbal-physical), and (b) whether or not anger between others was resolved. children were presented with videotaped segments of angry and friendly interactions and asked questions concerning their responses. all angry interactions, including non-verbal anger, were perceived as negative ...	2008	2612248
one year's experience using a rotating filter for therapeutic plasma exchange.	the authors previously demonstrated the feasibility of using a rotating filter system for therapeutic plasma exchange. they now report on the technical details of a 1 year clinical experience. seventeen patients underwent 188 treatments. hemoaccess was provided by antecubital veins (147 rx), femoral catheters (37 rx), or an a-v fistula (3 rx). blood flows ranged from 75 to 100 ml/min. net plasma removed per treatment was 3,231 +/- 53 ml (mean +/- se, n = 188). mean plasma removal rate per treatm ...	2008	2597461
antenatal diagnosis of parenti-fraccaro type achondrogenesis.		2008	2276781
the role of computerized microdiscs in dentistry.		2008	3462054
thermodynamic properties of globular proteins and the principle of stabilization of their native structure.	a semi-empirical method has been used to estimate the thermodynamic parameters of hydration of buried surface areas of ribonuclease s, lysozyme and myoglobin from the model of complete unfolding according to ooi et al. ((1987) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 84, 3086-3090). the buried surface area of proteins is considered as the difference between the accessible surface area of native protein and the completely extended polypeptide chain according to lee and richards ((1971) j. mol. biol. 55, 379-40 ...	2008	2223840
synthesis and biological activity of 3-vinylthio- and 3-vinylthiomethylcephem derivatives.	the synthesis and biological properties of some 3-vinylthio- and 3-vinylthiomethylcephem derivatives are described. both series possess potent antibacterial activity. among them, 3-[(z)-2-cyanovinylthiomethyl]cephem derivative was found to have an expanded antibacterial spectrum.	2008	2211378
[meta-analysis. a systematic approach to the synthesis of knowledge].		2008	2620806
[meta-analysis. a systematic approach to the synthesis of knowledge].		2008	2620806
[structures of o-polysaccharides from two shigella dysenteriae type 8 strains].	the structure of the o-polysaccharide (o-antigen) from shigella dysenteriae type 8 bacteria (strain 599) was corrected using modern nmr techniques (structure 1). the revisions concerned the position of the glc residue (in the main, but not the side, chain), the site of its substitution, and the configuration of the o-glycoside linkage of the glcnac residue. the s. dysenteriae type 8 bacterium (strain g1221), the second investigated representative, was found to produce another structural variant ...	2008	19088755
characterization of shigella spp. by antimicrobial resistance and pcr detection of ipa genes in an infantile population from porto velho (western amazon region), brazil.	the incidence of shigella spp. was assessed in 877 infants from the public hospital in rondônia (western amazon region, brazil) where shigella represents the fourth cause of diarrhea. twenty-five isolates were identified: 18 were shigella flexneri, three shigella sonnei, three shigella boydii and one shigella dysenteriae. with the exception of s. dysenteriae, all shigella spp. isolated from children with diarrhea acquired multiple antibiotic resistances. pcr detection of ipa virulence genes and ...	2008	19057826
biometric fingerprinting for visa application: device and procedure are risk factors for infection transmission.	biometric fingerprint identity verification is currently introduced in visa application and entry screening at border control. the system implies physical contact between the skin and the surface of the fingerprint-capturing and reading devices.	2008	19006507
occurrence and characteristics of the cytolysin a gene in shigella strains and other members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	cytolysin a (clya, hlye, shea) is a hemolytic pore-forming toxin found in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a. in the present study, analysis of several shigella strains revealed that they harbor only nonfunctional clya gene copies that have been inactivated either by the integration of insertion sequence (is) elements (shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei strains) or by a frameshift mutation (shigella flexneri). shigella dysenteriae and ...	2008	18754791
gateways to clinical trials.	11d10, 9vpnc-mncc; adalimumab, adefovir dipivoxil, alefacept, aln-rsv01, ame-133, amg-317, aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium, anisodamine, anti-il-5 receptor antibody, apremilast, aripiprazole, atacicept, atazanavir sulfate, atrasentan; banoxantrone, bevacizumab, bibw-2992, binodenoson, bms-387032; cac10, caldaret hydrate, cd-np, ceftobiprole medocaril, celivarone fumarate, certolizumab pegol, cholesteryl hydrophobized polysaccharide-her2 protein complex, ...	2008	18773127
[analysis on incidence of bacillary dysentery in jinan municipality from 1951 to 2005].	to explore the epidemic characteristics of bacterial dysentery in jinan municipality, and to provide scientific basis for effective strategy for bacterial dysentery control.	2008	18844085
all blood, no stool: enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 infection.	enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 is a pathotype of diarrheagenic e. coli that produces one or more shiga toxins, forms a characteristic histopathology described as attaching and effacing lesions, and possesses the large virulence plasmid po157. the bacterium is recognized worldwide, especially in developed countries, as an emerging food-borne bacterial pathogen, which causes disease in humans and in some animals. healthy cattle are the principal and natural reservoir of e. col ...	2008	18716441
phase 1 clinical trial of live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type-1 deltaicsa deltaent deltafep deltastxa:hgr oral vaccine sc599 in healthy human adult volunteers.	twenty-eight adults received between 10(2) and 10(8)colony forming units of live shigella dysenteriae type-1 vaccine sc599, attenuated by deletion of invasion (icsa), iron chelation (ent, fep) and shiga toxin a-subunit (stxa) genes, followed by ciprofloxacin on day 4. dose-independent diarrhea or change in bowel habit was seen in 3 subjects, without dysentery, vaccinaemia or serious adverse events. hematology and biochemical parameters were unchanged. doses of 10(5) or greater induced dose-indep ...	2008	18207287
eukaryotic expression and antimicrobial spectrum determination of the peptide tachyplesin ii.	ta0-a, the gene encoding the mature antimicrobial peptide tachyplesin ii, was engineered to optimize the coding sequence according to codon usage bias in yeast. ta0-a was efficiently expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris strain smd1168. the recombinant peptide ta0 reached 150mg/l after methanol induction for 6 d. ta0 was rapidly purified to homogeneity by a single step of size-exclusion chromatography. the minimal lethal concentrations of ta0 to the escherichia coli strain k12 wa ...	2008	18249136
isolation and purification of enterocin e-760 with broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	strain nrrl b-30745, isolated from chicken ceca and identified as enterococcus durans, enterococcus faecium, or enterococcus hirae, was initially identified as antagonistic to campylobacter jejuni. the isolate produced a 5,362-da bacteriocin (enterocin) that inhibits the growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, s. enterica serovar choleraesuis, s. enterica serovar typhimurium, s. enterica serovar gallinarum, escherichia coli o157:h7, yersinia enterocolitica, citrobacter freundii, klebs ...	2008	18086839
retrograde traffic in the biosynthetic-secretory route.	in the biosynthetic-secretory route from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, across the pre-golgi intermediate compartments, the golgi apparatus stacks, trans golgi network, and post-golgi organelles, anterograde transport is accompanied and counterbalanced by retrograde traffic of both membranes and contents. in the physiologic dynamics of cells, retrograde flow is necessary for retrieval of molecules that escaped from their compartments of function, for keeping the compartments' balances, and mai ...	2008	18270728
distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of shigella isolates in bangui, central african republic.	we conducted a prospective study in four urban health care centres between january 2004 and november 2005 to determine the distribution and susceptibility patterns of shigella strains causing invasive diarrhoea in bangui, central african republic. of the 155 shigella isolated, shigella flexneri (51%) and shigella dysenteriae (30%) were the most common and the most resistant to usual antibiotics, including amoxicillin, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. though multi-drug resistan ...	2008	18282240
diverse antimicrobial killing by enterococcus faecium e 50-52 bacteriocin.	an effective bacteriocin was identified and characterized. lactic acid bacteria were screened against campylobacter jejuni. one bacteriocin producer, enterococcus faecium (nrrl b-30746), was studied. the isolate was grown, and the bacteriocin was purified to single-band homogeneity. biochemical traits indicated that the peptide was a class iia bacteriocin, and it was named e 50-52. the bacteriocin had a molecular weight of 3339.7 and an isoelectric point of 8.0. the minimal inhibitory concentrat ...	2008	18293921
the o-polysaccharide of escherichia coli o112ac has the same structure as that of shigella dysenteriae type 2 but is devoid of o-acetylation: a revision of the s. dysenteriae type 2 o-polysaccharide structure.	the o-antigen structure of shigella dysenteriae type 2 was reinvestigated using chemical modifications along with high-resolution 2d (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the o-antigen was found to contain a pyruvic acid acetal, which was overlooked in an early study, and the following revised structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit was established: where approximately 70% glcnac residues bear an o-acetyl group at position 3. the o-antigen of escherichia coli o112ac was found to have the same ...	2008	18308298
differential expression of ompc and ompf in multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae and shigella flexneri by aqueous extract of aegle marmelos, altering its susceptibility toward beta-lactam antibiotics.	steadily increasing resistance among shigella to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and tetracycline has compromised the utility of these commonly used antimicrobial agents. also, undesirable side effects of certain antibiotics have triggered immense interest in search of alternative therapies using medicinal plants. one such medicinal plant used since ancient times to cure diarrhea is aegle marmelos. the present study exemplifies the susceptibility of beta-lactam-resistant shigella dysenteriae and ...	2008	18358664
[antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria: 40. the structures of o-specific polysaccharides from shigella dysenteriae types 3 and 9 and s. boydii type 4 revised by nmr spectroscopy].	the reported structures of o-specific polysaccharides from three standard strains of shigella bacteria were corrected by modern nmr techniques. the revisions concerned the configuration of the o-glycoside linkage (s. dysenteriae type 3, structure 1), the positions of monosaccharide residue glycosylation and acetylation by pyruvic acid (s. dysenteriae type 9, structure 2), and the attachment position of the side monosaccharide chain (s. boydii type 4, structure 3) [struxture in text].	2008	18365747
shigellosis: the current status of vaccine development.	shigellosis, a major form of bacillary dysentery, is caused by infection with shigella organisms. in poor countries, shigella-caused dysentery is endemic and causes an estimated 163 million illness episodes annually and more than one million deaths. although several strategies have been used to develop vaccines targeting shigellosis, none has been licensed for use outside china. owing to the wide range of shigella serotypes and subtypes, there is a need for a multivalent vaccine representing pre ...	2008	18448978
safety and immunogenicity of wrsd1, a live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type 1 vaccine candidate.	among shigella serotypes shigella dysenteriae type 1 produces the most severe disease, including cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome and pandemic outbreaks. wrsd1 is a live s. dysenteriae 1 strain attenuated by deletion of the virg(icsa) gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intercellular spread, and stxa and stxb, which encode the shiga toxin. in this phase i trial five groups of eight subjects ingested escalating doses of wrsd1 ranging from 10(3) to 10(7)cfu. no subject experienced fever ...	2008	18468742
enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome.	haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) can be classified according to the aetiology of the different disorders from which it is composed. the most prevalent form is that induced by shigatoxin producing escherichia coli (stec) and, in some tropical regions, by shigella dysenteriae type 1. stec cause a zoonosis, are widely distributed in nature, enter the food chain in different ways, and show regional differences. not all stec are human pathogens. enterohaemorrhagic e. coli usually cause attachment an ...	2008	18493800
molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant shigella species isolated from epidemic and endemic cases of shigellosis in india.	shigella species represent one of the growing numbers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in developing countries. fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri type 2a emerged in india during 2002 and 2003, respectively. sixty strains of shigella from different parts of india were analysed for antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of the qnr plasmid, mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (qrdrs), fluoroquinolone accumulation, and ...	2008	18566144
microcalorimetric studies of the action on four organic acids in radix isatidis on the growth of microorganisms.	the actions of four organic acids in radix isatidis, a traditional chinese medicinal (tcm) herb, on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and shigella dysenteriae growth were investigated by microcalorimetry. the four organic acids were syringic acid, 2-amino-benzoic acid, salicylic acid and benzoic acid. the power-time curves of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and shigella dysenteriae growth with and without organic acids were acquired, meanwhile the extent and duration of inhibitory ...	2008	18616177
functional characterization of the shigella dysenteriae heme abc transporter.	the heme atp binding cassette (abc) transporter, shuuv, of shigella dysenteriae has been incorporated into proteoliposomes. functional characterization of shuuv revealed that atp hydrolysis and transport of heme from the periplasmic binding protein, shut, to the cytoplasmic binding protein, shus, are coupled. site-directed mutagenesis of shut residues proposed to be required for stabilization of the complex abolished heme transport. furthermore, residues his-252 and his-262, located in the trans ...	2008	18616281
[detection of enteric pathogenic bacteria from surface waters by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr)].	a rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) analysis method with universal primers was developed to detect cell densities of the enteric pathogenic bacteria from 5 surface water of xi'an city for 4 months continuously. and the detection results by qpcr method were compared with counts of coliforms colony-forming units (cfu) determined by membrane filter (mf) analysis. the results showed that qpcr method had an estimated 94% confidence, and detection limit was 2.7 escherichia coli cells ...	2008	18624175
haemolytic uraemic syndrome in children admitted to a rural district hospital in kenya.	we studied children admitted to kilifi district hospital, kenya, between 1997 and 2005 with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) and reviewed their records in order to determine the clinical features and outcomes of the disease. thirty-one children fulfilled the criteria: 21 (68%) had diarrhoea-associated hus (d + hus), the remainder did not (d-hus); five had involvement of the central nervous system. those with d-hus had lower haemoglobin and platelet counts when compared with those with d + hus. ...	2008	18628547
the interplay between entamoeba and enteropathogenic bacteria modulates epithelial cell damage.	mixed intestinal infections with entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar and bacteria with exacerbated manifestations of disease are common in regions where amoebiasis is endemic. however, amoeba-bacteria interactions remain largely unexamined.	2008	18648517