Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a major portion of the latent pseudorabies virus genome is transcribed in trigeminal ganglia of pigs. | pseudorabies virus (prv) is a porcine herpesvirus that establishes latent infections in trigeminal ganglia. to determine whether prv expresses any transcripts that could play a role in latency, the trigeminal ganglia of 14 pigs previously inoculated through the nose and latently infected with prv(ka) were assayed by in situ nucleic acid hybridization for the presence of prv-specific rna. hybridizations employing probes encompassing the entire viral genome revealed that an area extending from 0.6 ... | 1990 | 1697908 |
| detection of pseudorabies virus transcripts in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected swine. | two pseudorabies virus (prv) poly(a)+ rnas, 2.0 and 0.95 kilobases, were detected in the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected pigs. these rnas were partially colinear at the 3' end. they were located in the bamhi j fragment (0.706 to 0.737 map units), 3' of the prv immediate-early gene. a potential polyadenylation signal was also identified in bamhi-j. the direction of transcription of the latency-associated rnas was antiparallel (i.e., opposite in polarity) to that of the prv immediate-early ... | 1989 | 2470921 |
| influence of isoprinosine on lymphocyte function in virus-infected feeder pigs. | pseudorabies is a porcine herpesvirus of major importance in the swine industry. isoprinosine is an immunomodulating drug that has been shown to be beneficial in treating herpesvirus infections. twenty-four 7-week-old pigs were allotted within litters to 1 of 4 groups: control, isoprinosine (iso), pseudorabies virus (prv), or isoprinosine and pseudorabies virus (iso-prv). isoprinosine was administered daily for 16 days to the iso and iso-prv groups (75 mg/kg of body weight/day, po). immunity in ... | 1989 | 2478051 |
| neuropathogenesis of pseudorabies: leakage of anti-viral antibody and serum constituents into cerebrospinal fluid of infected pigs. | antibody levels to pseudorabies virus (prv) in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were compared to serum levels from immunized and infected pigs. antibody was measured by single-dilution indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay (iria). there was significantly higher csf anti-prv igg relative to serum anti-prv igg (anti-prv index, %) from infected pigs (1.390%, n = 14) than from vaccinated ones (0.141-0.149%, n = 5 and 7). the index from vaccinated and challenged pigs was intermediate (0.627%, n = 16), sugge ... | 1989 | 2535701 |
| the potency testing of pseudorabies vaccines in pigs. a proposal for a quantitative criterion and a minimum requirement. | a criterion for the potency testing of pseudorabies vaccine based on the difference between the mean weight gain during the seven days after pathogenic challenge of vaccinated or control piglets is proposed. this criterion, termed delta g7, has been studied as a function of initial weight variation of the animals, different challenge strains and the period between challenge and the end of the test. the statistical analysis of results optimizes the experimental parameters and gives rise to a quan ... | 1989 | 2537829 |
| interactions of pseudorabies virus with swine alveolar macrophages i: virus replication. | the replication of pseudorabies virus (prv) in cultured swine alveolar macrophages (am) was studied using 6 different virus strains. am were highly permissive to prv infection, with progeny virus titres of 10(7) tcid50/ml from some strains. virus progeny titres were higher in cultures infected with the field strains s-62 and 4892 than in cultures infected with the strains bartha or prv-c. virus replication, viral dna synthesis and the concomitant cell damage were dependent upon virus input m.o.i ... | 1989 | 2538108 |
| development of an elisa to differentiate between animals either vaccinated with or infected by aujeszky's disease virus. | the use of two monoclonal antibodies specific for glycoproteins gi and giii of the pseudorabies virus led to the development of a competitive elisa which made it possible to differentiate animals infected with pseudorabies virus from animals vaccinated with the strains of the virus bartha, nai4 or norden. a postvaccinal serological response could be detected from three to four weeks after vaccination. after the virulent challenge of these vaccinated pigs an infectious serological response became ... | 1989 | 2538951 |
| rapid diagnosis of aujeszky's disease in pigs by improved in situ hybridization using biotinylated probes on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. | a practical in situ hybridization (ish) method has been developed for the rapid diagnosis of pseudorabies virus (prv) infection in pigs. the method utilizes routine formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections, non radioactive biotin-labelling, simple hybridization procedure and diaminobenzidine (dab) silver enhancement detection system. the rapid (ish) method showed concordance with the direct filter hybridization (dfh) and with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) assays. by the simplif ... | 1989 | 2538976 |
| studies on maternally derived antibodies to aujeszky's disease virus in piglets born to naturally or experimentally infected sows. | the concentration of maternally derived antibodies to aujeszky's disease virus was compared in 10 litters born to infected sows. four sows had been naturally infected and six were experimentally infected. both igg and igm were present in piglet sera during the first days of life. igm antibodies went rapidly to undetectable levels; igg persisted much longer. the duration was dependent upon the original concentration. there was a clear relationship between the clinical disease experienced by the s ... | 1989 | 2538979 |
| sites of virus replication in the genital organs of boars inoculated in the cavum vaginale with pseudorabies virus. | to determine the sites of replication and the evolution of pseudorabies virus infection in boar genital organs, 5 belgian landrace boars were inoculated with pseudorabies virus unilaterally in the cavum vaginale of the testis. virus replication took place only in cells of the tunica vaginalis of both cava vaginalia. infection of the serosa led to exudative periorchitis and increased scrotal fluid, resulting in a severely swollen scrotal region. these experimental findings were similar to finding ... | 1989 | 2539030 |
| specific antibody against the aujeszky's disease virus in the complex cumulus oophorus-oocyte of sows. | oocytes collected from sows vaccinated and revaccinated with an inactivated vaccine against aujeszky's disease (ad) were examined for the presence of specific antibodies of the igg class against ad virus in the complex cumulus oophorus-oocyte by means of immunocytochemical methods. no specific antibody of the igg class was detected in the cumulus-oocyte complexes collected from sows before vaccination. on the other hand, the specific igg antibody was found in all immunocytochemically examined co ... | 1989 | 2540605 |
| horizontal transmission of aujeszky's disease virus from sheep to pigs. | eight 2-month-old merino lambs were inoculated intranasally with different (10(2.0)-10(5.0)tcid50) amounts of aujeszky's disease virus (adv). electron microscopic studies indicated that adv replicated in extra-neural sites, in the epithelial cells of the mucosa of the upper and lower respiratory tract. although the virus was excreted continuously in nasal discharges, horizontal transmission to contact lambs failed. the surviving exposed and contact lambs had no demonstrable antibodies against ad ... | 1989 | 2541533 |
| inhibition of tyrosine protein kinases by the antineoplastic agent adriamycin. | adriamycin, a lipid-interacting anti-cancer agent, was found to inhibit the phosphorylation of polyglu/tyr (4:1) by tyrosine protein kinases either from spleen or expressed by the oncogene of abelson murine leukemia virus. the dose dependent inhibition by adriamycin is accounted for by competition for the atp binding site, but it is also deeply influenced by the nature and concentration of the phosphorylatable substrate, suggesting multiple interactions with the enzyme. the phosphorylation at ty ... | 1989 | 2543396 |
| monoclonal blocking elisa detecting serum antibodies to the glycoprotein gii of aujeszky's disease virus. | a monoclonal blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of antibodies to aujeszky's disease virus (adv) in porcine serum was developed. this elisa is based on the reaction between virus antigen immobilized in a microdilution plate and a monoclonal antibody (mab) reactive with a highly stable epitope on a glycoprotein complex, gii, of adv. the viral epitope was expressed by 18 european field, laboratory and vaccine strains of adv. the mab used in the test was selected among ... | 1989 | 2547813 |
| aujeszky's disease elisa: cross-reactions with other herpesvirus antisera. | the production of antibodies in pigs to 11 herpesviruses was investigated in relation to their ability to cross-react with aujeszky's disease virus (suid herpesvirus 1--shv1). of the herpesviruses tested only two, sheep herpesvirus (caprine herpesvirus 1) and dog herpesvirus (canid herpesvirus 1), failed to produce homologous virus antibodies. only the antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) produced a cross-reaction by shv1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). no shv1 neutralizing antib ... | 1989 | 2548320 |
| control of aujeszky's disease. | 1989 | 2549673 | |
| comparison of two elisas for detecting antibodies to glycoprotein i of aujeszky's disease virus. | 1989 | 2549677 | |
| antibody response of pseudorabies virus subunit-vaccinated pigs to viral nucleocapsid proteins following low-dose virus challenge of immunity. | the antibody response to pseudorabies virus nucleocapsid proteins (ncp) was evaluated by the western immunoblot analysis before and after challenge of immunity by nasal inoculation of 10(2.3) plaque-forming units of virus in 10 pigs that had been vaccinated with pseudorabies virus envelope glycoproteins. antibody to 5 ncp with molecular mass of 140, 63, 41, 34, and 23 kd was first detected in vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs on day 14 after challenge of immunity. antibody to 2 of the 5 ncp cont ... | 1989 | 2551199 |
| detection of reactivating pseudorabies virus in tissue by immunoperoxidase technique. | reactivation of pseudorabies virus (prv) was induced in pigs by prednisolone treatment. the virus was re-isolated from nasal secretions of four, brain cortex of two and mandibular lymph node of three out of 12 pigs, respectively. the characteristic lesion of recurrently infected pigs was focal necrosis in the brain cortex and mandibular lymph node, accompanied by reactivating virus particles in the degenerating cells. coincident with the pathological lesions, prv antigen was detected in two of t ... | 1989 | 2551939 |
| vaccination and eradication programme against aujeszky's disease in sweden, based on a gi elisa test. | a killed gi-negative vaccine combined with a gi enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test was used for the first time in sweden in an attempt to eradicate aujeszky's disease from a weaner pig producing herd. the herd had experienced three severe outbreaks of the disease during a 10 year period and at the start of the programme 96 per cent of the herd's 104 breeding animals were seropositive to the aujeszky's virus. in addition, there was serological evidence of active virus circulation amon ... | 1989 | 2552643 |
| latent infection and subsequent reactivation of pseudorabies virus in swine exposed to pseudorabies virus while nursing immune dams. | the ability of pseudorabies virus (prv) to infect and establish latency in pigs with passively acquired (maternal) antibody for prv was tested by exposing such pigs to the virus and subsequently attempting to reactivate latent virus by administering large doses of dexamethasone. pigs of each of 4 litters that had nursed gilts with relatively high (512, gilts 1 and 2), moderate (32, gilt 3), and no (less than 2, gilt 4) serum titers of virus-neutralizing (vn) antibodies for prv were allotted to 3 ... | 1989 | 2552871 |
| prevalence and transmission of pseudorabies virus in an isolated population of feral swine. | six hundred sixty-one feral swine (sus scrofa) from ossabaw island, georgia (usa) were captured, bled, and their sera tested for pseudorabies virus (prv) antibody during a 6 yr period. prevalence of seroconversion in females was somewhat higher than in males (10% versus 7%), but the difference was not statistically significant. adults had a significantly higher prevalence than juveniles (29% versus 1%). an important finding in this study was that seroconversion occurred primarily in the adult fe ... | 1989 | 2554001 |
| vaccination of pigs against aujeszky's disease by the intradermal route using live attenuated and inactivated virus vaccines. | a study was undertaken of the protection induced by inactivated and live aujeszky's disease virus vaccines. the vaccines were administered using a special device which, without the use of a needle, delivered the preparation intradermally. the trials were performed on 88 pigs which were vaccinated at the beginning of the fattening period both in experimental conditions and in pig herds. all the pigs were challenged at the end of the fattening period in isolation units. the results obtained were c ... | 1989 | 2554623 |
| in vitro comparison between four variants of aujeszky's disease virus. | four aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus variants were characterized in vitro by investigation of their resistance to heat at 48 degrees c, sensitivity to trypsin and ability to replicate in pig alveolar macrophages, two of these variants (ls-1 and ls-2) were cloned previously from a single isolate of virus and showed differing pathogenicity for pigs; the virulent stanley strain; and the non-virulent nia-4 strain were included for comparison. heat treatment produced slight decreases in infec ... | 1989 | 2555108 |
| identification of pseudorabies virus-exposed swine with a gi glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a monoclonal antibody specific for the gi glycoprotein of virulent pseudorabies virus was produced and used to affinity purify gi glycoprotein. the purified gi was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that identified and differentiated field virus-exposed animals from animals vaccinated with gi-deleted virus. the gi elisa was evaluated by comparing it with the virus neutralization test and with a standard elisa which does not distinguish between vaccinated and naturally infected ... | 1989 | 2555390 |
| general characteristics and viral susceptibility of a newborn pig kidney (npk) continuous culture. | we have developed a fibroblastic-like continuous culture of newborn pig kidney (npk). the current cell line was serially passaged 160 times and appeared to be well suited for production and assay of a number of viruses affecting pigs, such as pig parvovirus, pseudorabies and transmissible gastroenteritis. the cell line appeared aneuploid, with a modal chromosome number of 36 and induced tumors, classified as fibrosarcoma, in athymic mice. | 1989 | 2555655 |
| serologic status of pseudorabies virus in growing-finishing pigs in quarantined herds. | it has been reported that pseudorabies virus (prv) stops spreading within growing-finishing sections of a large percentage of infected farrow-to-finish herds. this study was designed to follow the prv status of growing-finishing pigs in a sample of infected herds. fifteen infected herds were selected, of which 11 had seropositive finishing pigs and 4 had seronegative finishing pigs. these herds were visited quarterly for one year, and a cross section of growing-finishing pigs was tested for the ... | 1989 | 2557311 |
| identification of pseudorabies virus-infected swine herds by evaluating the serostatus of boars or finishing pigs. | data were collected from 39 minnesota swine farms quarantined for pseudorabies virus (prv) infection. each herd was serologically evaluated for antibodies to prv in the sows, boars, and finishing pigs. to identify prv-seropositive swine herds, the kappa statistic was used to estimate the effectiveness of evaluating the prv serostatus of boars or of finishing pigs. using the serostatus of all herd boars, the sensitivity (with 95% confidence interval) of identifying prv-infected herds was 58 +/- 2 ... | 1989 | 2557313 |
| an improved hemagglutination-inhibition test for pseudorabies virus. | 1989 | 2557479 | |
| detection of pseudorabies virus dna sequences by the polymerase chain reaction. | genomic sequences of pseudorabies virus, a porcine herpesvirus, were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from cells of infected cultures, nasal cells and organs from acutely diseased as well as from organs of latently infected pigs. | 1989 | 2557811 |
| recombinant-derived modified-live herpesvirus vaccines. | 1989 | 2558526 | |
| immunohistologic study of pulmonary and lymphatic tissues from gnotobiotic pigs inoculated with ara-t-resistant strain of pseudorabies virus. | ara-t-resistant strain of pseudorabies virus (prv) was inoculated intranasally into six 2-week-old gnotobiotic pigs. five inoculated pigs were sneezing and coughing. in pigs 1 to 4 killed on postinoculation days (pid) 3, 5, 7, and 9, respectively, prv antigen was detected in respiratory epithelial cells, and pigs had severe pneumonitis. in pigs 5 and 6 killed on pid 11 and 13, respectively, prv antigen was localized in macrophages in alveoli and necrotizing nodules. immunoglobulin-containing cel ... | 1989 | 2559633 |
| aujeszky's disease. | 1989 | 2559694 | |
| comparative pathogenesis of three strains of pseudorabies virus in pigs. | three strains of pseudorabies virus were intranasally inoculated into 10-week-old pigs and the pathogenesis of the infection was compared. virulent nia-3 virus caused widespread necrotic lesions in nasal mucosa, rapidly invading the stroma and infecting axons of olfactory nerves within 24 h of inoculation. intermediate virulent virus 2.4n3a, a mutant strain derived from nia-3, caused less necrosis of the mucosa and did not reach axons of olfactory nerves until 72 h after inoculation. bartha viru ... | 1989 | 2560112 |
| immunological surveillance in a pseudorabies quarantined herd using gilts and their progeny as sentinels. | specific pathogen free gilts and their progeny were evaluated to use as sentinels in a pseudorabies virus (prv) infected herd by immunologically monitoring for prv seroconversions. time intervals targeted were pre- and post-prv vaccinations, herd exposure, and farrowing to finishing. post-prv vaccinations, gilts showed low prv lymphocyte stimulation and humoral responses. following herd exposure, control gilts prv seroconverted and prv vaccinated gilts increased (2 to 4 times) in virus neutraliz ... | 1989 | 2560914 |
| the effect of human recombinant interleukin-2 on the porcine immune response to a pseudorabies virus subunit vaccine. | the effect of human recombinant interleukin-2 (ril-2) as an immune enhancing agent was evaluated in pigs vaccinated with a pseudorabies virus subunit vaccine (sv). two groups of three pigs received two 25 micrograms doses of sv given 3 weeks apart. one group received 10(5) kg-1 day-1 of ril-2 subcutaneously over two 5-day periods beginning on the day of the first and second vaccine inoculation. six other pigs were immunized with two 5 micrograms doses of sv. three of these pigs were treated as a ... | 1989 | 2626820 |
| appearance of interferon-alpha in serum and signs of reduced immune function in pigs after transport and installation in a fattening farm. | pigs were transported from several breeding facilities at the age of 10-12 weeks and regrouped in a fattening farm, specialized in breeding pigs for subsequent slaughter. blood samples were obtained from the animals just before transport and daily for 17 days after installation in the fattening farm. on each occasion a group of ten animals (170 animals in total) was sampled. the levels of interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) in serum were measured as antiviral activity in a cytopathic effect inhibition ... | 1989 | 2629198 |
| interactions of pseudorabies virus with swine alveolar macrophages: effects of virus infection on cell functions. | in order to assess the effect of pseudorabies virus (prv) infection on the function of swine alveolar macrophages (am), lung lavage cells were cultured, infected with one of six strains of prv, and various activities were measured. activity measurement included viability, phagocytosis of yeast, phagosome-lysosome fusion, phagocytosis of opsonized particles, and superoxide release. am were infected with 5 x 10(-3) pfu/cell, and the comparative assessment of functions was performed at 18-20 h post ... | 1989 | 2708911 |
| [use of the tetrazolium salt reduction test in the detection of phagocytic activity in pigs]. | one of the indicators of non-specific, cell-mediated immunity can be the ability of phagocytic system to react to the presence of antigenic impulses and stimulators. the phagocytic activity induced in this way in vitro can be evaluated quantitatively by help of different methods. in this study the method of the reduction of colourless tetrazolium salt (int) to the red formazane was used. the optimum conditions for carrying out this test in isolated peripheral pig leucocytes were determined. it w ... | 1989 | 2734992 |
| erratum. | the article by marjorie sun "virginia oks rabies vaccine test" (news & comment, 14 july, p. 126) states that the first outdoor experiment with a genetically engineered virus is expected to be conducted by the boyce thompson institute for plant research at cornell university. the first outdoor test of a genetically modified virus actually took place in 1984, when saul kit of baylor college tested an altered pseudorabies virus on pigs. | 1989 | 17773341 |
| host cell-specific growth advantage of pseudorabies virus with a deletion in the genome sequences encoding a structural glycoprotein. | several attenuated strains of pseudorabies virus contain genomes that carry a deletion in their short unique (us) component. the sizes of the deletions are different in the various attenuated strains; the deletions may include part of one of the inverted repeats as well as part of the us region of the genome. in most cases, the deletion includes the gene encoding the glycoprotein gi. the attenuated strains with a deletion in their s component have a common history of having been cultivated in ch ... | 1988 | 2824839 |
| [a method for distinguishing infected from vaccinated pigs as a basis for the control of aujeszky's disease]. | vaccination against aujeszky's disease (ad) does not lead to eradication of the disease. nevertheless, to reduce the economic losses, vaccination against ad is widely practised in many countries. with regard to control of ad, a method to distinguish infected from vaccinated pigs is a prerequisite in those countries. this paper deals with such a method. the assay (gi-elisa) makes use of 2 monoclonal antibodies directed against 2 different epitopes on glycoprotein i (gi) of ad virus (adv), and det ... | 1988 | 2829384 |
| serological investigations for some bacterial and viral pathogens in fallow deer (cervus dama) and wild boar (sus scrofa) of the san rossore preserve, tuscany, italy. | sera of 43 fallow deer (cervus dama) of the san rossore preserve (tuscany, italy) were examined for antibodies against eight pathogens; one proved positive for brucella sp., 21 for listeria monocytogenes, 34 for chlamydia psittaci, three for coxiella burnetii, one for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, 11 for parainfluenza-3 virus, 25 for bovine viral diarrhea virus and six for bovine respiratory syncytial virus. no age and sex difference in the positivity rates and titers was evidenced, w ... | 1988 | 2832622 |
| subclinical aujeszky's disease virus infection in a pig herd and the characterisation of the strain of virus isolated. | the spread of antibody to aujeszky's disease virus through a susceptible pig herd was monitored after the probable introduction of infection by a recently purchased boar. the infection spread slowly through the herd but no clinical signs of aujeszky's disease were seen. the strain of virus isolated was designated nia-6. it has been characterised by a series of experimental infections and extends the known range of virulence of isolates of aujeszky's disease virus made in northern ireland. the st ... | 1988 | 2832999 |
| reduced yield of infectious pseudorabies virus and herpes simplex virus from cell lines producing viral glycoprotein gp50. | pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoprotein gp50 is the homolog of herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d. several cell lines that constitutively synthesize gp50 were constructed. vero cells, hela cells, and pig kidney (mvpk) cells that produce gp50 all gave reduced yields of prv and hsv progeny viruses when compared with the parent cell line or the same cell line transfected to produce a different protein. the reduction in virus yield was greatest at low multiplicities of infection. the vero and h ... | 1988 | 2835521 |
| glycoprotein giii of pseudorabies virus is multifunctional. | one of the major glycoproteins of pseudorabies virus, giii, is nonessential for growth in cell culture. mutants defective in giii, however, consistently yield lower titers of infectious virus (3- to 20-fold) than does wild-type virus. the interactions of giii- mutants with their host cells were compared with those of wild-type virus in an attempt to uncover the functions of giii. we show that giii plays a major role in the stable adsorption of the virus to its host cell; in the absence of giii, ... | 1988 | 2836609 |
| pseudorabies virus glycoprotein giii is required for efficient virus growth in tissue culture. | glycoprotein giii of pseudorabies virus is a major antigen found in the envelopes of virus particles as well as in and on the surfaces of infected cells. it is not an essential gene product for virus growth in tissue culture. in this report, we provide evidence that, although it is not essential, the giii protein is required for efficient virus growth and that giii mutants are quickly outgrown by wild-type virus in mixed infections. | 1988 | 2836630 |
| studies of transplacental and perinatal infection with two clones of a single aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus isolate. | the effect of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) infection in the last third of gestation was studied using two clones from an adv isolate. twelve sows were infected with one or other clone at 85 +/- 1 days of gestation. the dose of infection was 5 x 10(6) tcid50 per sow. the clinical and serological responses to the infection were different. one clone, ls-1, produces a severe and acute illness. the course of the disease went from 9 to 14 days while the other clone, ls-2, caused a mild or silent inf ... | 1988 | 2836996 |
| aujeszky's disease: vaccines and diagnostics. | 1988 | 2837863 | |
| [the antigenic effect of pseudorabies virus after inactivation by gamma irradiation]. | 1988 | 2840048 | |
| protection of mice and swine from pseudorabies virus-induced mortality by administration of pseudorabies virus-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies. | hybridomas were selected for secretion of monoclonal antibodies directed against pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins. each monoclonal antibody was capable of neutralizing prv in vitro in the presence of complement. this panel of antibodies was used in passive immunization studies to protect mice and swine from prv-induced mortality. the most protective antibody in mice was 3a4, specific for prv glycoprotein gp50, which afforded as high as 100% protection. although antibody 3a4 was partially p ... | 1988 | 2840843 |
| rapid detection of aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus infection of pigs by direct filter hybridisation of nasal and tonsillar specimens. | a direct filter hybridisation method has been developed to diagnose acute aujeszky's disease in live pigs. the advantages of the method are easy, fast sample processing; no dna-purification is needed, and the hybridisation itself is simplified. the direct filter hybridisation method has been tested on pseudorabies virus infected cultured cells, experimentally infected pigs and on specimens from an outbreak of aujeszky's disease. virus isolation and filter hybridisation gave comparable results, i ... | 1988 | 2841732 |
| induction of antibodies to glycoprotein i in pigs exposed to different doses of a mildly virulent strain of aujeszky's disease virus. | it has recently been shown that the antibody response to glycoprotein i (gi) of aujeszky's disease virus can be used to distinguish infected from vaccinated pigs. to examine whether pigs exposed to low doses of a mildly virulent strain of aujeszky's disease virus produce antibody to gi four groups of four pigs were inoculated intranasally with 10, 10(2), 10(3) or 10(4) plaque forming units (pfu) of the sterksel strain. two unvaccinated pigs and two pigs vaccinated intranasally with bartha's k st ... | 1988 | 2841789 |
| susceptibility of mitogen and non-mitogen treated pig lymphocytes to four strains of pseudorabies virus (prv). | an in vitro study was carried out to determine the susceptibility of pig lymphocytes to infection by 4 strains of pseudorabies virus (prv) and the response of the cells to 3 different mitogens. the prv strains used were usda, 13-1, 3-1 and norden, while the mitogens were phytohemagglutinin (pha) concanavalin (con a) and lipopolysaccharide s (lps). the susceptibility of lymphocytes was evaluated by accessing the viral end point dilution, at which cytopathogenic effects (cpe) were achieved, when i ... | 1988 | 2845230 |
| propagation and quantitation of animal herpesviruses in eight cell culture systems. | a comparative study was carried out to determine the relative sensitivities of eight different cell culture systems to six different herpesviruses of animals. the cells used were: ofl (ovine fetal lung), ml (mink lung), fk (ferret kidney), ptk-2 (potoroo kidney), tek (turkey embryo kidney), ed (equine dermal), bt (bovine turbinate), and pk15 (porcine kidney). the viruses tested were: prv (pseudorabies) of swine, cphv (caprine herpesvirus), ibrv (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus), dn-599 s ... | 1988 | 2846231 |
| some immune reactions induced in pigs by an attenuated aujeszky's disease vaccine. | 1988 | 2849291 | |
| detection of antibodies to aujeszky's disease virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in pigs. | 1988 | 2850390 | |
| development of an elisa for detection of antibodies to glycoprotein i of aujeszky's disease virus: a method for the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated pigs. | a blocking elisa was developed to distinguish between aujeszky's disease virus (adv)-infected and vaccinated pigs, on the basis of presence or absence of serum antibodies to glycoprotein i (gi) of adv. the gi-elisa detects antibodies that block the reaction of monoclonal antibodies to one or two epitopes on gi of adv. the adv-gi antibody response appeared between one and two weeks post-infection and persisted at a high level for at least seven months. five of the nine adv-vaccine strains examine ... | 1988 | 2851599 |
| studies on the ability of a 98-kilodalton pseudorabies virus diagnostic antigen to detect latent infections induced by low-dose exposure to the virus. | the effect of low-dose challenge of immunity with pseudorabies virus (prv) on subunit-vaccinated pigs was studied in 2 experiments. in the first experiment, we studied the effect of challenge dose on the antibody response to an early excreted 98-kilodalton prv-glycoprotein that was used as a diagnostic antigen in the elisa. in the second experiment, we studied the effect of low doses of virus on the establishment of latent infections in subunit-vaccinated pigs. the relationship of virus exposure ... | 1988 | 2851953 |
| the role of the housefly, musca domestica, in the spread of aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies). | starved houseflies were held over a suspension of aujeszky's virus (prv-1) for 24-48 h. one group was rinsed in 70% ethanol to kill virus attached to the body surface. no virus was isolated from this group. for the other group the titre of virus decreased more rapidly on the body surface of flies than in the environment. model experiments demonstrated that the aujeszky's virus cannot survive in the body of the housefly but the body surface may be contaminated for a period of time depending on th ... | 1988 | 2856539 |
| introduction of foreign strains of suid herpesvirus 1 (aujeszky's disease virus) documented by restriction fragment pattern (rfp) analysis. | six isolates of suid herpesvirus 1 (shv-1) collected from clinical outbreaks of aujeszky's disease (ad) in jutland in january-february, 1985, were compared by restriction fragment pattern (rfp) analyses with older shv-1 isolates from jutland as well as with shv-1 isolates from different parts of west germany and ireland. the rfp analysis indicated that the outbreaks were caused by shv-1 isolates introduced from abroad. | 1988 | 2898930 |
| transcription from the pseudorabies virus genome during latent infection. brief report. | trigeminal ganglia from swine latently infected with pseudorabies virus (prv) were examined for the presence of prv nucleic acids by in situ hybridization. both viral dna and rna were detectable in latently infected neurons, indicating that the prv genome is transcriptionally active during the latent phase of infection. | 1988 | 2829800 |
| detection of antibody to pseudorabies virus in swine sera by indirect immunoperoxidase plaque staining. | a new method for the detection of pseudorabies antibody in swine sera was developed by use of the indirect immunoperoxidase plaque staining test. the indirect immunoperoxidase plaque staining test demonstrated serologic responses in pigs that were subcutaneously infected with pseudorabies virus. the test had a sensitivity and a specificity comparable to those of the complement-dependent neutralization test and appeared to be somewhat more sensitive than the neutralization test and the enzyme-lin ... | 1988 | 2830301 |
| flow cytometric analysis of porcine peripheral blood leukocytes infected with pseudorabies virus. | the susceptibility of fractionated porcine peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) to pseudorabies virus (prv) was studied by flow cytometry and defined by viral antigen expression. viral antigens on the surface of infected cells and cell viability were evaluated by forward angle light scatter (fals), 90-degree light scatter (90ls), green fluorescence (fitc-anti-prv), and red fluorescence (propidium iodide). approximately 10% of infected mononuclear cells from healthy pigs expressed cell-surface prv a ... | 1988 | 2830358 |
| programs for the elimination of pseudorabies virus from large herds of swine. | 1988 | 3403349 | |
| a herpesvirus vector for expression of glycosylated membrane antigens: fusion proteins of pseudorabies virus giii and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins. | we describe experiments using the swine herpesvirus, pseudorabies virus (prv), as a vector for expression of hybrid membrane protein genes. in particular, we present the construction and analysis of three infectious prv mutants expressing chimeric viral membrane proteins composed of portions of the prv envelope glycoprotein giii and of the human retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41. all of the chimeric genes contain the transcription cont ... | 1988 | 2459411 |
| [comparison of the biological properties of various strains of aujeszky's disease viruses]. | we compared three strains of aujeszky's disease virus that had been isolated from slaughter pigs from the dormant foci of aujeszky's disease, with the known virulent strain cvos and top. no significant differences were found out in the following characters: titer value on tissue cultures from chick embryonal cells (keb) and cellular line mdbk at the temperatures of 37 degrees c and 40 degrees c, cytopathogenic effect (cpe) in the hela cells, plaque formation in the keb tissue culture, pruritus r ... | 1987 | 3031866 |
| four-layer enzyme immunoassay (eia) detection of differences in igg, igm and iga antibody response to aujeszky's disease virus in infected and vaccinated pigs. | the use of the four-layer enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of igg, igm and iga antibodies against aujeszky's disease virus in blood and oropharyngeal swabs of infected and vaccinated pigs is described. mean antibody titres obtained using the four-layer eia were 6.1 and 3829 times higher compared with the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and virus neutralization (vn) test, respectively. the vn test detected mainly igg antibodies, while the igm antibodies did not react. ... | 1987 | 3031872 |
| aujeszky's disease vaccination and infection of pigs with maternal immunity: effects on cell- and antibody-mediated immunity. | scc, adv-scc, adv-adcc and adv-lyst as well as nd50-titres of neutralizing serum antibodies were examined in 36 passively immune pigs, 25 of which were vaccinated at 3 weeks of age and partly revaccinated 3 weeks later. twenty-five vaccinated animals and 8 non-immune control pigs were challenged with infectious adv. independent of the state of maternal immunity the cytotoxic response of the white blood cells from all the animals was low at wpp 3 but rose with increasing age. adv-lyst occurred on ... | 1987 | 3026291 |
| genome location and identification of functions defective in the bartha vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus. | we have shown previously (lomniczi et al., j. virol. 52:198-205, 1984) that the bartha vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus has a deletion in the short unique (us) region of its genome--a deletion that is related to the absence of virus virulence. this strain is, however, also defective in other genes involved in virulence. we show here that virulence can be restored by marker rescue of the bartha strain to which an intact us has been restored (but not to the parental bartha strain) by sequences ... | 1987 | 3027406 |
| construction and characterization of deletion mutants of pseudorabies virus: a new generation of 'live' vaccines. | various deletions were introduced into a cloned subgenomic fragment (bamhi-7), located in the unique short (us) region of the dna from the virulent northern ireland aujeszky-3 (nia-3) strain of pseudorabies virus (prv). in the cloned hindiii-b fragment, the mlui-bglii fragment was replaced by different mlui-bglii fragments of the deleted bamhi-7 clones. transfection of the deleted hindiii-b fragments together with the hindiii-a fragment of either the nia-3 or the non-virulent nia-4 strain yielde ... | 1987 | 3029289 |
| intranasal vaccination of pigs against aujeszky's disease: comparison with one or two doses of attenuated vaccines in pigs with high maternal antibody titres. | ten-week-old pigs with high levels of maternally derived antibody (mda) against aujeszky's disease virus (adv) were given either a single intranasal vaccination or one or two doses (with an interval of three weeks) of commercially available attenuated adv vaccines intramuscularly. the pigs did not produce a clear neutralising antibody response to adv. however, pigs vaccinated intranasally and pigs given two doses of attenuated adv vaccines were protected against intranasal challenge with virulen ... | 1987 | 3029845 |
| effects of experimental pseudorabies virus infection on vaccinated pregnant sows. | in regard to field problems, a study was done to determine the effects of an infection with virulent pseudorabies virus (prv) on pregnant sows vaccinated with an inactivated virus vaccine. three routes of viral inoculation have been tested: intranasal, intra-uterine and intra-fetal. the nasal infection did not allow to induce pregnancy disorders observed on the field on pregnant sows. after insemination with semen mixed with prv, abortion was observed on one of the two immune sows. in this one, ... | 1987 | 3426109 |
| recurrent viruses in a singapore intensive pig farming estate. | the ponggol intensive pig farming estate was conceived approximately 10 years ago to accommodate pig farms resettled from water catchment areas. initially stocking density of the estate was 1300-1500 pigs per hectare (ha) and the total pig population in the estate was 200,000. over the past 10 years the numbers of pigs have increased to 400,000 and the stocking density of the big commercial units have increased to 1500-2500 per ha. with such intensive methods of husbandry environmental problems ... | 1987 | 3446006 |
| genetic control of immune response to pseudorabies and atrophic rhinitis vaccines: i. heterosis, general combining ability and relationship to growth and backfat. | data from 988 pigs from 119 litters farrowed in two seasons of a three-breed diallel crossbreeding experiment were analyzed to estimate general combining abilities of breeds and heterosis for humoral immune response to pseudorabies virus and atrophic rhinitis vaccines. twenty purebred boars and 85 sows of the duroc, landrace and yorkshire breeds were mated to provide the nine breed-of-sire and breed-of-dam combinations. immune response was measured after vaccination. a modified-live pseudorabies ... | 1987 | 3558146 |
| genetic control of immune response to pseudorabies and atrophic rhinitis vaccines: ii. comparison of additive direct and maternal genetic effects. | data from 52 litters farrowed in two seasons of a cross-fostering experiment were analyzed to estimate variances and covariances for additive direct and maternal genetic effects on immune response to pseudorabies virus and b. bronchiseptica vaccine. twenty purebred boars and 44 sows of the duroc, landrace and yorkshire breeds were used. immune response was measured after vaccine challenge. a modified-live pseudorabies (pr) vaccine was administered to piglets at 28 d of age; response was measured ... | 1987 | 3558147 |
| porcine effector mechanisms: antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of pseudorabies-infected target cells. | antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) against pseudorabies virus (prv)-infected cells was determined in neonatal porcine pulmonary washout cells and in partially purified blood-derived leukocytes. the adcc assays were performed at approximately 1, 2, 3 and 11 days after birth. it was found that pulmonary-derived cells had a low level of cytolytic activity against the prv-infected target cells at about 1 day of age. this activity increased sharply during the next 2 days of age, but ... | 1987 | 3590615 |
| pneumonia in pigs induced by intranasal challenge exposure with pseudorabies virus and pasteurella multocida. | the interaction between pseudorabies virus (prv) and pasteurella multocida was investigated to determine whether single or combined infections result in pneumonia in 6- to 7-week-old pigs. the effect of the prv-p multocida challenge exposure on feed consumption, rate of gain, and extent of pneumonic lesions appeared dependent on the prv dose; however, pneumonic lesions were of bacterial pneumonia. pigs inoculated with a virulent strain of prv plus p multocida developed severe pneumonia, whereas ... | 1987 | 3674553 |
| severe pleuritis associated with certain strains of pasteurella multocida in swine. | pasteurella multocida was isolated from 2 farms on which grower or finisher pigs had problems of severe emaciation and high death loss (greater than 5%). at necropsy, the pigs had extensive suppurative pleuritis and pericarditis, with adhesions over the lung surface. on one farm, the pigs also had multiple lung abscesses. histologic findings included polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in bronchial and alveolar spaces, thickening of alveolar walls, pleuritis, and in some cases, abscesses. from a ... | 1987 | 3679971 |
| [lyophilized combined live vaccine against swine fever and aujeszky's disease]. | 1987 | 2831830 | |
| production of aujeszky vaccine by the microcarrier technology "from the ampoule to the 500 litre fermentor". | a process for the production of aujeszky vaccine on microcarrier cultures in large fermentors is described. the nlst cells are routinely produced in fermentors of 150 litres; cell density reaches 0.7-0.8 10(6)/ml. the authors describe the method used to obtain those results. the different parameters used in fermentors are discussed and especially po2 regulation. a study of subculturing method is being carried out to reach a volume of 500 litres. the comparison between stationary culture and micr ... | 1987 | 2438178 |
| swine antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against pseudorabies virus-infected cells. | in pseudorabies virus (prv) infection of pigs, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) may be an early defense mechanism. peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) and pulmonary macrophages mediate adcc activity. antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against prv-infected target cells was assessed, and the effect of infection of cells having an adcc-effector function was determined. although pulmonary lavage cells (plc) had adcc activity, in vitro infection of plc led to prv replication, loss ... | 1987 | 3032027 |
| a necrotizing pneumonia in lambs caused by pseudorabies virus (aujesky's disease virus). | an outbreak of pseudorabies occurred in sheep housed with swine in the same building. although the sheep and swine were not in physical contact, the lambs and ewes were exposed to air from the sows' section. three dead lambs were submitted to the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory for necropsy. grossly there were pulmonary congestion and multifocal pulmonary hemorrhages. microscopic lesions were severe acute multifocal necrotizing bronchopneumonia with necrotizing vasculitis ... | 1987 | 3032388 |
| evolution of pseudorabies virions containing genomes with an invertible long component after repeated passage in chicken embryo fibroblasts. | the genome of pseudorabies virus consists of two components, short (s) and long (l). only the s component is bracketed by inverted repeats, and only the s component inverts itself relative to the l component, giving rise to two isomeric forms of the genome. an attenuated vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus (norden), however, has a genome which is found in four isomeric forms (b. lomniczi, m. l. blankenship, and t. ben-porat, j. virol. 49:970-979, 1984). to determine the basis for the atypical s ... | 1987 | 3033309 |
| induction and characterization of swine beta interferon. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) strain "h" and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly i:c) were used for interferon (ifn) induction in secondary pig kidney cells. a functional ifn system was detected and characterized. a wide similarity with the correspondent human and bovine systems was appreciated, with particular regard to the kinetics of synthesis. a glycosylated protein was essential for activity in bovine cells, but not in swine cells. poly i:c proved to be a very weak inducer, even in condit ... | 1987 | 3034503 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of aujeszky's disease viruses isolated in japan. | 1987 | 3035261 | |
| local humoral and cellular responses in aujeszky's disease virus infection in pigs. | mucosal and tracheal washings from pigs vaccinated parenterally and intranasally with aujeszky's disease virus were tested for specific anti-aujeszky's disease virus responses. antibody tests included complement dependent antibody lysis, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, virus neutralisation, and anti-aujeszky's disease virus iga and igg levels. there was no correlation between the levels of these antibodies and protection from subsequent challenge. direct lymphocyte cytotoxicity against ... | 1987 | 3035662 |
| the role of acute and latent virus infections in the pathogenesis of inner ear disturbances. | the possible role of herpesviral infections of the inner ear in suddenly appearing inner ear disturbances was investigated. experimental pseudorabies virus (prv, herpes sui 1) infection of mice and swine was used as a model system. infected mice represented the productive cycle of prv infection (acute phase), whereas the latent phase of infection could be tested in swine. from the acutely infected mice the virus could be reisolated from perilymphatic fluid and various parts of the brain. massive ... | 1987 | 3035932 |
| second-generation pseudorabies virus vaccine with deletions in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein genes. | a modified-live pseudorabies virus (prv) vaccine, designated prv(dlg92/d1tk), with deletions in the thymidine kinase (tk) and glycoprotein-giii (g92) genes, was derived from the prv (bucharest [buk]-d13) vaccine strain. the vaccine virus also contained a deletion in glycoprotein gi. despite 3 deletions, prv(dlg92/d1tk) replicated to high titers in cell culture from 30 c to 39.1 c. enzyme assays and autoradiography revealed that prv(dlg92/d1tk) did not induce a functional tk activity in infected ... | 1987 | 3035972 |
| [the effect of colostral immunity on the active formation of antibodies in pigs after the administration of inactivated vaccine against aujeszky's disease]. | in a large herd of pigs where a trial was performed to cure the animals from aujeszky's disease (ad) by applying to all animals an inactivated vaccine, a post-vaccination antibody response was studied in piglets coming from the sows that were vaccinated several times. when the piglets were vaccinated at the age of eight weeks (the average virus-neutralizing titer (vnt) of colostral antibodies was 1:11.4) and revaccinated at the age of 11 weeks, 73% of the forty-five animals (examined at the age ... | 1987 | 3037756 |
| pathological changes in hpcd pigs with prednisolone induced recrudescence of pseudorabies virus. | in hpcd pigs inoculated with prv, latent prv could be reactivated in-vivo by the administration of large doses of prednisolone 3 months after the primary infection. in two pigs, virus shedding was without clinical signs of disease, whereas depression of circulating lymphocytes was prominent. reactivation of prv was also demonstrated by cultivation of the brain cortex on the 7th day and the mandibular lymph node on the 9th day after the prednisolone began treatment. coincident with the virus isol ... | 1987 | 3038971 |
| evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies to pseudorabies virus in porcine field sera. | the performance of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the standard serum neutralization test for detection of antibodies to pseudorabies virus in porcine field sera were compared, using 304 sera from pseudorabies-free pigs in canada, and 1082 and 580 swine sera from the usa and england, respectively. the sensitivity and specificity of the elisa relative to the serum neutralization test were in the order of 97 to 98%, with the higher agreement between the tests when a 1:40 dilution ... | 1987 | 2839277 |
| vaccines against aujeszky's disease: comparison of efficacy, dna fingerprints and antibody response to glycoprotein i. | the efficacy of two inactivated and three attenuated aujeszky's disease virus (adv) vaccines was compared in pigs in a standardised test. after vaccination, excretion of attenuated vaccine viruses was not detected. all vaccines were capable of preventing mortality, but none conferred complete protection against challenge with a virulent strain of adv 3 months after the first vaccination. after a single vaccination, no large differences in vaccine efficacy were observed. revaccination markedly en ... | 1987 | 2829410 |
| relative rates of aujeszky's disease virus attenuation, as assessed in mice. | field strains of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) were attenuated by heat treatment and serial passage at sub-optimal growth temperatures in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef). at chosen passage levels, virus was titrated in cell culture and in mice. for each strain, the pathogenicity was expressed as a mouse lethal index (mli), defined as the inverse of the log10 (ccid50:ld50). mlis determined for field strains displayed a wide range of comparatively high values. the attenuation of field strains wa ... | 1987 | 2829412 |
| aujeszky's disease in pigs diagnosed by a simple method of nucleic acid hybridization. | 1987 | 2829469 | |
| a vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus with deletions in the thymidine kinase and glycoprotein x genes. | a pseudorabies virus (prv) mutant with deletions in genes for glycoprotein x (gx) and thymidine kinase, designated delta gx delta tk, was constructed and evaluated as a vaccine for protecting swine against prv-induced mortality. doses greater than or equal to 10(3) plaque-forming units (pfu) of this strain given to mice provided protection from challenge exposure with virulent prv. sera tested from mice inoculated with delta gx delta tk had high titers of neutralizing antibody to prv, but reacti ... | 1987 | 2829665 |
| diagnosis of pseudorabies virus infection in pigs with specific dna probes. | two dna probes directed against pseudorabies virus dna were developed for use in a dot hybridisation to detect the presence of pseudorabies virus in infected tissues. the specificity of the probes and their sensitivity were analysed. there was a strong correlation between the results obtained by dot hybridisation and those obtained by conventional methods of virus isolation from the same tissue specimens. | 1987 | 2825308 |
| effect of intratesticular inoculation with aujeszky's disease virus on genital organs of boars. | ten 8-10-month-old belgian landrace boars were intratesticularly inoculated with 500 tcid50 of a virulent belgian aujeszky's disease virus (adv) isolate (75v19) in 0.1 ml volume. one control boar was similarly inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline solution. the genital organs of six inoculated boars were examined by virus isolation and immunofluorescence. in spite of high virus titers, the fluorescence in the testicles remained limited to a few small foci in the interstitial connective tissu ... | 1987 | 2825399 |
| an elisa to distinguish between aujeszky's disease vaccinated and infected pigs. | 1987 | 2827365 | |
| restriction fragment pattern (rfp) analysis of genomes from danish isolates of suid herpesvirus 1 (aujezsky's disease virus). | purified dna from 42 isolates of suid herpesvirus 1 (shv-1) collected during 1985 from clinical outbreaks of aujezsky's disease on danish farms was compared by restriction fragment pattern (rfp) analysis. the bamhi generated rfps were found to be distinguishable, thus confirming rfp analysis as a potential epidemiological tool. however, because of variations within labile genome regions of epidemiologically closely related isolates, it was concluded that comparisons of rfps should be interpreted ... | 1987 | 2827607 |