Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in hepatitis b virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), a major cause of cancer death in china, is preceded by chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis (lc). although hepatitis b virus (hbv) has been regarded as a clear etiology of human hepatocarcinogenesis, the mechanism is still needs to be further clarified. in this study, we used a proteomic approach to identify the differential expression protein profiles between hcc and the adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues. | 2009 | 19715608 |
| the model for end-stage liver disease score is the best prognostic factor in human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected patients with end-stage liver disease: a prospective cohort study. | end-stage liver disease (esld) has become the main cause of mortality in patients coinfected by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus or hepatitis c virus in developed countries. the aim of this study was to describe the natural history of and prognostic factors for esld, with particular attention paid to features affecting liver transplantation. this was a prospective cohort study in 2 spanish community-based hospitals performed between 1999 and 2004. one hundred four consecu ... | 2009 | 19718643 |
| [long-term observation of hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication in new-born tree shrews inoculated with hbv]. | to observe the hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication in the tree shrews that were inoculated with hbv at neonatal period. | 2009 | 19719914 |
| the search for infectious causes of human cancers: where and why. | slightly more than 20% of the global cancer burden can presently be linked to infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. this manuscript analyzes reasons for their relatively late discovery and highlights epidemiological observations that may point to an involvement of additional infectious agents in specific human cancers. emphasis is placed on hematopoietic malignancies, breast and colorectal cancers, but also basal cell carcinomas of the skin and lung cancers in non-smokers ... | 2009 | 19720205 |
| prevalence of hbv, hcv, hiv and syphilis among homeless subjects older than fifteen years in tehran. | homeless people are usually prone to be infected with multiple infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus, as well as syphilis. in this cross-sectional study, using a questionnaire and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, we evaluated the seroprevalance of hepatitis b and c viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis, as well as their risk factors in 202 homeless men. a total of 70 (34.7%), 87 (42.8%), and 13 (6.4%) subjects were infe ... | 2009 | 19722771 |
| [hepatitis b virus x protein inhibits hepatoma cell growth in vitro through p14(arf)-dependent and p14(arf)-independent pathways]. | to explore the effects of hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx) on hepatoma cell growth through p14(arf)-dependent and p14(arf)-independent pathways. | 2009 | 19726330 |
| chronically inflamed livers up-regulate expression of inhibitory b7 family members. | hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, autoimmune hepatitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can induce chronic liver disease. the programmed death-1 (pd-1) inhibitory pathway assists in t cell response regulation during acute and chronic inflammation and participates in the progression of inflammatory liver disease. to examine whether pd-1 and its ligands, b7-h1 and b7-dc, are modulated during chronic necroinflammatory liver disease, we investigated expression profiles in normal patients an ... | 2009 | 19739236 |
| clinical use of interferon in hepatitis b and c. | the concept of antiviral therapy with interferon for chronic hepatitis b emerged in the middle of the seventies and was supported by the suppressive effect of human interferon on hbv-dna polymerase levels in 3 patients. this effect of leukocyte interferon was confirmed in a small controlled study of patients with hbeag-positive chronic hepatitis b; however, no effect was found on other indices of hepatitis b. more than 10 years elapsed before one large rct demonstrated clinically relevant virolo ... | 2009 | 19739400 |
| isaacs syndrome associated with chronic hepatitis b infection: a case report. | isaacs syndrome or acquired neuromyotonia is a disorder of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability characterized by regular or irregular myokymia, muscle cramps and stiffness, delayed muscle relaxation after contraction, and hyperhidrosis. herein, we report clinical and electrodiagnostic findings of a persian man with isaacs syndrome associated with chronic hepatitis b infection. in this patient hepatitis b virus might have contained an antigen (i.e. surface antigen) which has provoked the immune sys ... | 2009 | 19742398 |
| prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis b virus among nonhuman primates in taiwan. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a public health problem worldwide, and apart from infecting humans, hbv has been found in nonhuman primates. this study investigated the prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis d virus (hdv) among nonhuman primates in taiwan, an area where human hbv remains endemic. serum samples from 286 captive nonhuman primates (i.e., 32 great apes [pan troglodytes and pongo pygmaeus], 42 gibbons [hylobates sp. and nomascus sp.], and 212 cercopi ... | 2009 | 19746868 |
| the effects of hormonal contraceptive use among women with viral hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver: a systematic review. | this report evaluates the effects of hormonal contraceptive use among women with viral hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver. | 2009 | 19751861 |
| successful transcatheter chemoembolization for acute jaundice in a patient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumor thrombosis: a case report. | a 54-year-old man with suspected cirrhosis and a hepatic tumor on positron emission tomography presented to our hospital for assessment and treatment in january 2007. laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging revealed that the patient had cirrhosis due to hepatitis b virus infection and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) along with portal vein tumor thrombosis (pvtt) (t4n1m0, child's b). after hospitalization, the serum levels of total and direct bilirubin increased markedly within several da ... | 2009 | 19755798 |
| the role of infections in the immunopathogensis of systemic sclerosis--evidence from serological studies. | infections are believed to often play a role in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders; such is the case in systemic sclerosis (ssc). in order to evaluate the potential role infections may have on the pathogenesis of ssc, we assessed serological reactivity against various infectious agents in patients with ssc and compared them with healthy controls. serological samples obtained from 80 patients with ssc were compared with 296 compatible healthy controls. both groups were of european ori ... | 2009 | 19758208 |
| infectious serologies and autoantibodies in inflammatory bowel disease: insinuations at a true pathogenic role. | the aim of this study was to reevaluate the role of infection in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). sera from 119 patients with ibd [80 with crohn's disease (cd); 39 with ulcerative colitis] and 98 healthy controls were assessed using the bio-rad bioplex 2200 for the presence of toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, treponema pallidum, and saccharomyces cerevisiae. hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus (hcv), and anti-helicobacter pylori antibodies were assessed by elisa. in addi ... | 2009 | 19758210 |
| infectious serologies and autoantibodies in wegener's granulomatosis and other vasculitides: novel associations disclosed using the rad bioplex 2200. | in this study we assess the presence of antibodies against infectious agents as well as for a variety of autoantibodies in an attempt to establish associations between various vasculitides and infections in order to shed light on the etiopathogenesis of these diseases and perhaps implicate a potential cure. sera from patients with wegener's granulomatosis (wg), polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, churg strauss, and giant cell arteritis were compared to healthy control sera. serum sam ... | 2009 | 19758211 |
| hepatitis b and c virus co-infection in nigerian patients with hiv infection. | we set out to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis b and hepatitis c viruses among human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals and its impact on pattern of presentation. | 2009 | 19759507 |
| human immunonodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus: sero-prevalence, co-infection and risk factors among prison inmates in nasarawa state, nigeria. | published data on hiv, hbv, and hcv in correctional facilities in nigeria is scarce. we set out to establish the seroprevalence, co-infection, and risk factors for these infections for the first time among prison inmates in nasarawa state, nigeria. | 2009 | 19762972 |
| hbx-mediated migration of hbv-replicating hepg2 cells: insights on development of hepatocellular carcinoma. | hepatitus b virus (hbv) is a major cause of the development of hepatpcellular carcinoma (hcc). one of the significant characteristics of tumor progression is cell migration which is reflective of cytoskeletal dynamics. the rho gtpases contribute to a multiple cellular processes, including the cellular cytoskeletal reorganization and motility. it has been found that some rho gtpases have oncogenic activity and can promote cancer cell invasion. here we discuss one of the rho gtpases, rac1 can be a ... | 2009 | 19763277 |
| involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition in hepatitis b virus replication. | the hbx protein of human hepatitis b virus (hbv) activates a calcium-dependent kinase pathway which is essential for the viral replication. in this study, we found that hbx expression in the absence of other hbv proteins and in the context of hbv replication decreased the mitochondrial calcein-am/cocl(2) signals by 10% and 14% in hepg2 cells and by 15% and 10% in huh7 cells, respectively. this indicates that hbx can induce mitochondrial permeability transition (mpt) and cause calcium effusion in ... | 2009 | 19682511 |
| development of highly sensitive bicistronic vector based non-radioactive antigen-specific cytotoxicity assay. | in the absence of a better alternate, (51)cr release assay, with its several disadvantages is still the most common method for detection of mhc class i restricted t-cell mediated cytotoxicity. we describe a system in which the t-cell mediated cytotoxicity can be assessed using host-derived cells transfected with a bicistronic vector expressing the specific antigen and a quantifiable reporter as target cells. this overcomes the problems associated with use of radioactivity, pre-loading of target ... | 2009 | 19682994 |
| a rapid and efficient single-cell manipulation method for screening antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells from human peripheral blood. | antigen-specific human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are key candidates for therapeutic agents. however, the availability of a suitable screening system for antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ascs) is limited in humans. here we present a unique method for detecting individual ascs using microwell array chips, which enables the analysis of live cells on a single-cell basis and offers a rapid, efficient and high-throughput (up to 234,000 individual cells) system for identifying and recoveri ... | 2009 | 19684583 |
| [prevalence, risk factors and genetic characterization of human t-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the cities of ribeirão preto and são paulo]. | the aim of this study was to define the prevalence of human t cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 in patients who were positive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the state of são paulo, brazil. we evaluated 319 individuals infected with hiv type 1 who were attended at specialized clinics in two cities (ribeirão preto and são paulo). the patients were interviewed and tested for antibodies against htlv types 1 and 2 (orthoâ htlv-1/htlv-2 ab-capture enzyme immunoassay). direct dna sequen ... | 2009 | 19684973 |
| web interface-supported transmission risk assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis of postdonation screening: a global model applied to ghana, thailand, and the netherlands. | the goal of our research was to actively involve decision makers in the economic assessment of screening strategies in their region. this study attempted to accomplish this by providing an easy-to-use web interface at http://www.bloodsafety.info that allows decision makers to adapt this model to local conditions. | 2009 | 19709093 |
| serological profile of hsv-2 in patients attending sti clinic: evaluation of diagnostic utility of hsv-2 igm detection. | the present study was done to evaluate the serological profile of herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) among patients attending sexually transmitted infections (sti) clinic and to determine the utility of detecting hsv-2 igm antibodies in such patients. a correlation of hsv-2 infection with other sti including hiv has also been attempted. | 2009 | 19679959 |
| relative safety of pooled whole blood-derived versus single-donor (apheresis) platelets in the united states: a systematic review of disparate risks. | risks of transfusion-transmitted infections (ttis), transfusion-associated sepsis (tas), and transfusion-related acute lung injury (trali) were compared between pooled whole blood-derived (pwbd) and single-donor platelets (plts) transfused in the united states. | 2009 | 19682339 |
| infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis c virus, and hepatitis b virus and risk of transmission by transfusion. | 2009 | 19682345 | |
| two cases of development of entecavir resistance during entecavir treatment for nucleoside-naive chronic hepatitis b. | entecavir (etv) is a potent nucleoside analogue against hepatitis b virus (hbv), and emergence of drug resistance is rare in nucleoside-naive patients because development of etv resistance (etvr) requires at least three amino acid substitutions in hbv reverse transcriptase. we observed two cases of genotypic etvr with viral rebound and biochemical breakthrough during etv treatment of nucleoside-naive patients with chronic hepatitis b (chb). | 2009 | 19669367 |
| is microrna-143 really a turncoat of tumor suppressor microrna in hepatitis b virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma? | 2009 | 19670426 | |
| black race as a predictor of poor health outcomes among a national cohort of hiv/aids patients admitted to us hospitals: a cohort study. | in general, the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) population has begun to experience the benefits of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart); unfortunately, these benefits have not extended equally to blacks in the united states, possibly due to differences in patient comorbidities and demographics. these differences include rates of hepatitis b and c infection, substance use, and socioeconomic status. to investigate the impact of these factors, we c ... | 2009 | 19671170 |
| [hepatitis b virus x protein upregulates the transcription activity of zinc finger transcription factor snai1]. | to investigate whether hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx) regulates the transcription activity of zinc finger transcription factor snai1, and to define the main regulation domain. | 2009 | 19671315 |
| glucose-regulated protein 78 is an intracellular antiviral factor against hepatitis b virus. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is a global public health problem that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. however, the pathogenesis of hbv infection and the mechanisms of host-virus interactions are still elusive. in this study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry-based comparative proteomics were applied to analyze the host response to hbv using an inducible hbv-producing cell line, hepad38. twenty-thre ... | 2009 | 19671925 |
| "anti-hbc alone" in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and immuno-suppressed lymphoma patients. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is endemic in various parts of the world. a proportion of patients have resolved prior exposure to hbv, as evidenced by the clearance of circulating hepatitis b surface antigen and the appearance of antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc), which could produce protective antibody to hepatitis b surface antigen (anti-hbs). with time, anti-hbs in some patients may become negative. such patients are described as having occult hbv infection or "anti-hbc alone ... | 2009 | 19673031 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma: current trends in worldwide epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and therapeutics. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide and, owing to changes in the prevalence of the two major risk factors, hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus, its overall incidence remains alarmingly high in the developing world and is steadily rising across most of the developed world. early diagnosis remains the key to effective treatment and there have been recent advances in both the diagnosis and therapy of hcc, which have made important impa ... | 2009 | 19673623 |
| morphogenesis of hepatitis b virus and its subviral envelope particles. | after cell hijacking and intracellular amplification, non-lytic enveloped viruses are usually released from the infected cell by budding across internal membranes or through the plasma membrane. the enveloped human hepatitis b virus (hbv) is an example of virus using an intracellular compartment to form new virions. four decades after its discovery, hbv is still the primary cause of death by cancer due to a viral infection worldwide. despite numerous studies on hbv genome replication little is k ... | 2009 | 19673892 |
| clinicoepidemiological characteristics of hiv-infected immigrants attended at a tropical medicine referral unit. | migration is a growing phenomenon with a well-known impact in infectious diseases epidemiology. currently, immigrants represent almost 10% of the spanish population. the majority come from countries where the prevalence of chronic viral illnesses is higher than in spain. | 2009 | 19674264 |
| gas chromatography/mass spectrometry screening of serum metabolomic biomarkers in hepatitis b virus infected cirrhosis patients. | metabolomic studies have been applied to disease biomarkers selection. with the metabolomic technique, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms), human serum metabolites can be detected and identified. the purpose of this study was to investigate the serum metabolic profile of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infected cirrhosis patients and to detect disease biomarkers. | 2009 | 19676142 |
| [amniocentesis and viral risk (hepatitis b, c virus and hiv)]. | very few studies have properly addressed to the risk of fetal hepatitis b (hbv), hepatitis c (hcv) or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection through amniocentesis. for hbv, this risk is low. however, knowledge of the maternal hepatitis b e antigen status is valuable in the counselling of risks associated with amniocentesis. for hcv, the risk is not well known but cannot be excluded. for hiv, it seems rational to propose a viral test before amniocentesis for patients with contamination's ri ... | 2009 | 19679409 |
| testing an electrostatic interaction hypothesis of hepatitis b virus capsid stability by using an in vitro capsid disassembly/reassembly system. | to test a previously coined "charge balance hypothesis" of human hepatitis b virus (hbv) capsid stability, we established an in vitro disassembly and reassembly system using bacterially expressed hbv capsids. capsid disassembly can be induced by micrococcal nuclease digestion of encapsidated rna. hbv core protein (hbc) mutants containing various amounts of arginine were constructed by serial truncations at the c terminus. capsids containing smaller amounts of arginine (hbc 149, 154, and 157) rem ... | 2009 | 19656897 |
| an uncommon presentation of the co-existence of morphea and vitiligo in a patient with chronic hepatitis b virus infection: is there a possible association with autoimmunity? | a 30-year-old man presented with indurated violaceous plaques all over his body that had been present for 7 months. the patient had also had vitiligo for 3.5 years, and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and cirrhosis for a 2-year period. histopathologic examination of the indurated plaques confirmed the diagnosis of morphea. localized scleroderma and vitiligo have only rarely been reported to occur simultaneously. although the etiologies of vitiligo and morphea are both uncertain, their associat ... | 2009 | 19658447 |
| hiv-1 matrix dependent membrane targeting is regulated by gag mrna trafficking. | retroviral gag polyproteins are necessary and sufficient for virus budding. productive hiv-1 gag assembly takes place at the plasma membrane. however, little is known about the mechanisms by which thousands of gag molecules are targeted to the plasma membrane. using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) assay, we recently reported that the cellular sites and efficiency of hiv-1 gag assembly depend on the precise pathway of gag mrna export from the nucleus, known to be mediated by rev ... | 2009 | 19662089 |
| immunogenicity and immunologic memory after hepatitis b virus booster vaccination in hiv-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) is an important cause of comorbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals. the immunogenicity of hbv vaccination in children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) was investigated. | 2009 | 19663708 |
| differential gene expression between asymptomatic hbv carriers and normal adults. | there are more than 100 million asymptomatic hbv carriers (ascs) in china and they are at a high risk of developing liver disease, which creates a serious health problem. but more than 90% of normal adults clear virus from primary hbv infection, so the difference of gene expression between ascs and normal adults determines the differential outcomes. to identify differentially expressed genes in ascs compared to normal adults, we used suppression subtractive hybridization to compare gene expressi ... | 2009 | 19666407 |
| a phylogenetic and markov model approach for the reconstruction of mutational pathways of drug resistance. | modern hiv-1, hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus antiviral therapies have been successful at keeping viruses suppressed for prolonged periods of time, but therapy failures attributable to the emergence of drug resistant mutations continue to be a distressing reminder that no therapy can fully eradicate these viruses from their host organisms. to better understand the emergence of drug resistance, we combined phylogenetic and statistical models of viral evolution in a 2-phase computational a ... | 2009 | 19654117 |
| increased expression of erbb-2 in liver is associated with hepatitis b x antigen and shorter survival in patients with liver cancer. | hepatitis b x antigen, or hbxag, contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). given that hbxag constitutively activates beta-catenin and that upregulated erbb-2 promotes beta-catenin signaling in other tumor types, experiments were designed to ask whether hbxag was associated with upregulated expression of erbb-2. when hbxag positive and negative hepg2 cells were subjected to proteomics analysis, erbb-2 was shown to be upregulated in hepg2x but not control cells ... | 2009 | 19610068 |
| tripartite motif-containing 22 inhibits the activity of hepatitis b virus core promoter, which is dependent on nuclear-located ring domain. | members of the tripartite motif (trim) family are a part of the innate immune system to counter intracellular pathogens. trim22 has been reported to possess antiretroviral activity. here we report that trim22 is involved in antiviral immunity against hepatitis b virus (hbv). our results showed that trim22, being a strongly induced gene by interferons in human hepatoma hepg2 cells, could inhibit hbv gene expression and replication in a cell culture system as well as in a mouse model system. impor ... | 2009 | 19585648 |
| a new cell culture system for infection with hepatitis b virus that fuses hepg2 cells with primary human hepatocytes. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection exhibits a very narrow host range and shows a strong tropism for liver parenchymal cells, however none of the previously established experimental models can reproduce the natural process of hbv infection. in the present study, primary human hepatocytes were fused with hepg2 cells to establish the hybrid hepchline-4 cell line with high susceptibility to hbv. the hepchline-4 cells expressed hbv-specific antigen when co-incubated with hbv-positive serum from a hepa ... | 2009 | 19589247 |
| temporal analysis of early immune responses in patients with acute hepatitis b virus infection. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) causes more than 1 million deaths annually from immune-mediated liver damage. the long incubation period has been difficult to study; by the time most patients present, massive viremia and the majority of viral clearance have already occurred. the aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in early acute hbv through access to an unusual cohort of patients sampled in the preclinical phase and followed up to resolution of ... | 2009 | 19591831 |
| [pd-1 up-regulation influenced apoptosis of hbv-specific cd8 t cells in patients with acute resolved hepatitis b]. | programmed death-1 (pd-1) up-regulation can impair virus-specific cd8(+) t-cell responses during chronic viral infection. whether pd-1 affects virus-specific cd8 t cells in humans with acute hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection remains unknown. this study aimed to characterize the pd-1 expression during acute hepatitis b (ahb), and further addressed how pd-1 regulates the apoptosis of cd8(+) t cells in this disease. | 2009 | 19595077 |
| expression of ezrin is associated with invasion and dedifferentiation of hepatitis b related hepatocellular carcinoma. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world and constitutes the leading cause of cancer-related death among men, and second among women in taiwan. liver cirrhosis and hcc are relatively prevalent, and 80% to 85% of the patients with these conditions have positive results for hepatitis b surface antigen in taiwan. only 5% of the general population is seronegative for all hepatititis b virus (hbv) markers. this is the first study to determine the role of ezrin u ... | 2009 | 19604375 |
| detection of clonally expanded hepatocytes in chimpanzees with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | during a hepadnavirus infection, viral dna integrates at a low rate into random sites in the host dna, producing unique virus-cell junctions detectable by inverse nested pcr (invpcr). these junctions serve as genetic markers of individual hepatocytes, providing a means to detect their subsequent proliferation into clones of two or more hepatocytes. a previous study suggested that the livers of 2.4-year-old woodchucks (marmota monax) chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus contained a ... | 2009 | 19535448 |
| hepatitis b virus infection in non-human primates. | hepatitis b viruses (hbvs) represent a serious public health problem affecting 350 to 400 million hbv carriers worldwide. the virus does not exclusively infect humans, but can also be found in non-human primates as in the families hominidae (chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan) and hylobatidae (gibbon), which are distributed over africa (chimpanzee and gorilla) and southeast asia (orangutan and gibbon), the endemic areas of human hbv. the prevalence of asymptomatic hbv carriers reaches in gibbons 23- ... | 2009 | 19537907 |
| prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis c virus, hepatitis b virus, and human immunodeficiency virus in multiply transfused recipients in mexico. | transfusion-transmitted viral infection (tti) is a major problem in patients receiving blood products. monitoring high-risk patients is essential for assessing the epidemiology of blood-borne infections. | 2009 | 19538543 |
| hbv dna can bind to p53 protein and influence p53 transactivation in hepatoma cells. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis by blocking p53 function. a p53 response element-like binding sequences, tgcct...tgcct, was found in hbv genome. to clarify whether hbv dna can, like some other dna viruses, bind to p53 protein and form a dna-protein complex, we used a series of plasmids encoding full-length or mutant hbv or p53 fragments to determine the binding ability of hbv dna after cotransfected into cells by electrophoretic mobility shift (and supershift) assa ... | 2009 | 19540192 |
| altered expression profiles of micrornas in a stable hepatitis b virus-expressing cell line. | micrornas (mirnas) are highly conserved small non-coding rnas of 18 - 25 nucleotides (nt) that mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation. hepatitis b virus (hbv) can cause either acute or chronic hepatitis b, and is a high risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. some mammalian viruses have been shown to modulate the expression of host cellular mirnas. however, interactions between the hbv and the host cellular mirnas are largely unknown. | 2009 | 19187610 |
| proteomic analysis of differently expressed proteins in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines hepg2 with transfecting hepatitis b virus x gene. | hepatitis b virus encoded x protein (hbx) is a trans-activating protein that may be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis, although few natural effectors of hbx that participate in this process have been identified. we screened, by comparative proteomics method, effectors of hbx associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. | 2009 | 19187611 |
| viral nucleic acid testing (nat) and opo-level disposition of high-risk donor organs. | the use of public health service/centers for disease control and prevention (phs/cdc) high-risk donor (hrd) organs remains controversial, especially in light of a recent high-profile case of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) transmission. nucleic acid testing (nat), while more expensive and time consuming, reduces infectious risk by shortening the period between infection and detectability. the purpose of this study was to characterize hrds and disposition of their o ... | 2009 | 19191766 |
| characterization of genotype-specific carboxyl-terminal cleavage sites of hepatitis b virus e antigen precursor and identification of furin as the candidate enzyme. | hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) is a secreted version of hepatitis b virus (hbv) core protein that promotes immune tolerance and persistent infection. it is derived from a translation product of the precore/core gene by two proteolytic cleavage events: removal of the amino-terminal signal peptide and removal of the carboxyl-terminal arginine-rich sequence. four rxxr motifs are present at the carboxyl terminus of the hbeag precursor, with the first two fused as (151)rrgrspr(157). genotype a possess ... | 2009 | 19193799 |
| hbx protein induces expression of mig and increases migration of leukocytes through activation of nf-kappab. | elevated expression of monokine induced by the interferon-gamma (mig) has been shown in hbv carriers, and it is involved in the infiltration of inflammatory cells and liver damage after hbv infection. however, the molecular mechanisms by which hbv-induced mig expression have not been characterized. our results indicated that hbx protein induced mig expression in a dose-dependent manner. such increase was due to the direct binding of nf-kappab to the mig promoter. by luciferase, chromatin immunop ... | 2009 | 19157479 |
| development and technical and clinical validation of a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of human antibodies to hepatitis b surface antigen in recipients of recombinant hepatitis b virus vaccine. | pending removal from the market of a commercial assay (the ausab [abbott laboratories] enzyme immunoassay [eia]) for the determination of antibodies to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), a new in-house quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to measure antibodies against hbsag (anti-hbs) was developed (anti-hbs in-house). specific anti-hbs antibodies were sandwiched between the precoated hbsag ad and ay subtypes purified from plasma from hepatitis b virus (hbv) human carriers an ... | 2009 | 19553553 |
| [liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, or human immunodeficiency virus]. | the current 5-year survival rate after liver transplantation for hepatitis b virus hbv-related liver disease is excellent (85 %) because of excellent prophylaxis against hbv reinfection, obtained by the combination of antiviral therapy before transplantation and both anti-hbs immunoglobulin and antiviral therapy afterwards. end-stage liver disease due to hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major indication for liver transplantation. results are not as good (65%) because hcv reinfection after transplant ... | 2009 | 19574023 |
| reactivation of hepatitis b with reappearance of hepatitis b surface antigen after chemotherapy and immunosuppression. | hbv infection may reactivate in the setting of immunosuppression, although the frequency and consequences of hbv reactivation are not well known. we report 6 patients who experienced loss of serologic markers of hepatitis b immunity and reappearance of hbsag in the serum as a result of a variety of acquired immune deficiencies. | 2009 | 19577007 |
| transformation of human liver l-o2 cells mediated by stable hbx transfection. | to explore the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis associated with the hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx), we investigated the role of hbx in transformation using human liver l-o2 cells stably transfected with hbx as a model. | 2009 | 19578387 |
| prevalence of viral hepatitis and molecular analysis of hbv among voluntary blood donors in west iran. | to determine the prevalence of viral hepatitis infection and hepatitis b virus (hbv) molecular characterization, 11,200 blood donors from citizens of shahrekord (a city located in west of iran) were investigated. results showed hbsag-positive in 1.78% of persons (n=200), anti-hdv-positive in 3% of hbsag-positive cases (n=6) and anti-hcv-positive in 0.67% of donors (n=76). hbv phylogenetic analysis disclosed hbv genotype d, sub-genotype d1, and subtype ayw2. amino acid mapping of the hbv pol regi ... | 2009 | 19579699 |
| expression and localization of aquaporin-1 in human cirrhotic liver. | we investigated the expression and localization of aquaporin-1 (aqp-1) in hepatitis b virus (hbv)-associated cirrhotic human liver tissues. the expression of aqp-1 at the protein and mrna levels was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) and western blotting in normal and hbv-associated cirrhotic human liver tissues. the correlation with the expression of ck19, ck7 and aqp-1 was also compared. aqp-1 staining was strongly and uniformly positive i ... | 2009 | 19619954 |
| pharmacokinetic assessment of nevirapine and metabolites in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with hepatic fibrosis. | nevirapine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used as part of combination therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. nevirapine may be prescribed for patients with hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. significant autoinduction of cytochrome p450 3a4 and 2b6 following multiple dosing prompted an assessment of the metabolic profiles in patients with liver disease receiving chronic nevirapine therapy. hiv-infected patients with hepatic fibrosis who were receiving a stable ... | 2009 | 19620337 |
| [a case of drug-induced liver injury caused by entecavir for treatment of hepatitis b virus reactivation during rchop in a patient with non-hodgkin lymphoma]. | a 49-year-old-man, a healthy carrier of hepatitis b virus (hbv), received chemotherapy with a rituximab/cyclo- phosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisolone (r-chop) regimen for non-hodgkin's lymphoma. at the first course of chemotherapy, not only the liver function but the hbv dna level was elevated. these symptoms were diagnosed as hepatic injury induced by hbv reactivation, and, therefore, entecavir (etv) was started. as a result, although the treatment with etv decreased the hbv dna level ... | 2009 | 19620818 |
| insulin resistance is associated with liver stiffness in hiv/hcv co-infected patients. | the factors that influence liver fibrosis progression in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis c virus (hiv/hcv) are not completely understood. it is not known if insulin resistance (ir), a condition that promotes liver fibrosis in hcv mono-infected individuals, is one of these factors. | 2009 | 19625279 |
| to do or not to do: ivf and icsi in chronic hepatitis b virus carriers. | several assisted reproduction procedures, such as ivf and icsi, are available for a variety of infertility problems. in fertility clinics, patients are screened for blood-borne viral infections, including hepatitis b virus (hbv). reasons for screening are prevention of vertical transmission and laboratory safety. we present the case of a 26-year-old female patient with a chronic hbv infection, whose husband tested negative for hepatitis b. she and her husband were referred to our fertility clini ... | 2009 | 19625309 |
| global proteome analysis of hepatitis b virus expressing human hepatoblastoma cell line hepg2. | in countries where hepatitis b virus (hbv) is endemic, a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) occur in hbv carriers and the prolonged replication and expression of hbv proteins in the liver is considered an important risk factor for progression to malignancy. however, the mechanism of pathogenesis of hbv-associated carcinoma remains elusive. in this study, the human hepatoblastoma hepg2 cell line harboring 1.2 x unit-length of the hbv genome was generated and subjected to a proteomic ... | 2009 | 19626621 |
| liver-intestine cadherin predicts microvascular invasion and poor prognosis of hepatitis b virus-positive hepatocellular carcinoma. | liver-intestine cadherin (li-cadherin; cdh-17) is a new member of the cadherin superfamily with distinct structural and functional features. the study was designed to investigate the role of li-cadherin in tumor invasion and prognosis of human hepatitis b virus (hbv)-positive hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). | 2009 | 19626651 |
| postmortem detection of hepatitis b, c, and human immunodeficiency virus genomes in blood samples from drug-related deaths in denmark*. | blood-borne viral infections are widespread among injecting drug users; however, it is difficult to include these patients in serological surveys. therefore, we developed a national surveillance program based on postmortem testing of persons whose deaths were drug related. blood collected at autopsy was tested for anti-hbc, anti-hbs, anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv), or anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies using commercial kits. subsets of seropositive samples were screened for viral g ... | 2009 | 19627416 |
| telomerase activity, telomere length and human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression in hepatocellular carcinoma is independent of hepatitis virus status. | telomerase expression and the maintenance of a critical telomere length (tl) in cancer initiation indicates that telomere shortening and telomerase expression initiates cancer by induction of chromosomal instability. | 2009 | 19627485 |
| re-evaluation of anti-hbc non-reactive serum samples from patients with persistent hepatitis b infection by immune precipitation with labelled hbv core antigen. | core antigen (hbcag) is the most immunogenic component of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and is believed to induce virtually always antibodies (anti-hbc) in immunocompetent infected persons. however, some chronically infected persons do not develop detectable anti-hbc. | 2009 | 19631583 |
| [correlation of genetic polymorphisms of beta-catenin to hepatitis b virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma]. | wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of hepatitis b virus (hbv)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). beta-catenin protein is a pivotal regulator in the pathway. genetic mutation has been observed in the codons 32-45 at exon 3 of beta-catenin gene in hcc tissues. this study was to investigate the correlation of genetic polymorphisms of beta-catenin to hbv-related hcc. methods: we conducted epidemiologic and genetic investigation in 162 patients with hbv-related h ... | 2009 | 19635198 |
| anti-hbv and cytotoxic activities of pyranocoumarin derivatives. | four natural pyranocoumarins clausenidin (1), nordentatin (2), clausarin (3), and xanthoxyletin (4) were isolated from the medicinal plant clausena excavata. recently, we found that 1 and 2 suppressed hepatitis b virus surface antigen in hepa2 cells, and in addition, 1-3 showed cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines (a549, mcf7, kb, and kb-vin). to explore the sar of 1-4, 17 pyranocoumarin analogues (5-21) were designed and synthesized. among these analogues, 5 and 10 were the m ... | 2009 | 19635670 |
| [construction and identification of the human liver-specific mir-122 expression vector]. | mir-122 is the most abundant mirna in adult human liver. to study the functions of mir-122 in liver disease, we amplified the precursor of human mir-122 gene by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from the hepg2 genomic dna, and then constructed mir-122 expression vector plmp-mir-122. plmp-mir-122 could overexpress mature mir-122 when human normal liver cells l-o2 and the hepatoma cells hepg2 were transfected with it. when hepg2 cells were co-transfected with hbv1.3 and plmp-mir-122, we found that m ... | 2009 | 19637636 |
| a genetic variant of hepatitis b virus divergent from known human and ape genotypes isolated from a japanese patient and provisionally assigned to new genotype j. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) of a novel genotype (j) was recovered from an 88-year-old japanese patient with hepatocellular carcinoma who had a history of residing in borneo during the world war ii. it was divergent from eight human (a to h) and four ape (chimpanzee, gorilla, gibbon, and orangutan) hbv genotypes, as well as from a recently proposed ninth human genotype i, by 9.9 to 16.5% of the entire genomic sequence and did not have evidence of recombination with any of the nine human genotypes and ... | 2009 | 19640977 |
| evaluation of redox statuses in patients with hepatitis b virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. | excess reactive oxygen species related to neoplasia of liver has been established. essentially, the human body has developed different antioxidant systems for defence against these attacks. to evaluate the redox status in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) induced by hepatitis b virus (hbv), the most important aetiological factor in taiwan, changes in o2(.) generation, lipid peroxidation as well as antioxidant status in the blood of hcc patients with hbv carriers for more than 20 years were measured ... | 2009 | 19641006 |
| suppression of hepatitis b virus-derived human hepatocellular carcinoma by nf-kappab-inducing kinase-specific sirna using liver-targeting liposomes. | hepatitis b virus triggers an increase of nf-kappab inducing kinase (nik)-dependent nf-kappab activation, followed by the promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). here, we examined the inhibitory effect of nik-specific sirna on nf-kappab signaling and hcc. the results of this study indicated that these sirnas suppressed hbv-derived hcc by regulating nik activation. to exert a protective effect from degradation enzyme, cationic liposomes were contrived and modified to contain beta-sitosterol ... | 2009 | 19641890 |
| hepatitis b virus protein pres2 potentially promotes hcc development via its transcriptional activation of htert. | telomerase is significantly reactivated in hepatitis b virus (hbv)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). our previous studies showed that the transactivation unit of hbv surface (s) gene, pres2, could upregulate human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) expression and telomerase activity of hepg2 cells. here, we aim to explore the functions, and the underlying mechanisms, of this pres2-mediated htert upregulation during hcc development. | 2009 | 19651630 |
| structure of hepatitis b surface antigen from subviral tubes determined by electron cryomicroscopy. | hepatitis b virus consists of an icosahedral core containing the double-stranded dna genome, enveloped by a membrane with embedded surface proteins. the crystal structure of the core protein has been solved but little information about the structure of the surface proteins has so far been available. there are three sizes of surface protein, small (s), medium (m) and large (l), which form disulfide-bonded homo- and heterodimers. the three proteins, expressed from different start sites in the codi ... | 2009 | 19414021 |
| hepatic iron overload in children with sickle cell anemia on chronic transfusion therapy. | hepatic iron overload is a serious complication of chronic transfusion therapy in patients with sickle cell disease (scd). no firm consensus has been reached with regard to correlation between hepatic iron content (hic) and variables including age, number of transfusions, and serum iron makers. also, the role of hic in determining hepatic injury is not well established. there is scarcity of data on chronically transfused children with scd and no other confounding liver pathology. we aimed to fur ... | 2009 | 19415007 |
| prevalence and correlates of infection with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus among drug users in italy: a cross-sectional study. | drug users in italy continue to have a high prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b and c viruses, associated with older age, being unemployed, injecting use, and a longer history of injecting. the results underline the need for control programmes among drug users in italy. | 2009 | 19415569 |
| long-term follow-up of liver transplanted hiv/hepatitis b virus coinfected patients: perfect control of hepatitis b virus replication and absence of mitochondrial toxicity. | in patients coinfected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), evolution toward cirrhosis and its complications is more rapid and severe than in patients infected with hbv alone. the outcome of liver transplantation in hbv-hiv-coinfected patients is poorly understood in terms of survival rate, hbv reactivation and mitochondrial toxicity on the liver graft. | 2009 | 19417577 |
| evidence of vaccine protection among thai medical students and implications for occupational health. | in a cross-sectional study of thai medical students, we compared the seroprevalence of antibody to measles virus, rubella virus, varicella zoster virus, hepatitis a virus, and hepatitis b virus with self-reports of prior infection or vaccination. self-report predicted immunity to varicella zoster virus only. these data contribute to risk assessment and occupational health strategies in this resource-limited setting. | 2009 | 19419330 |
| development of ultra-high sensitivity bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis b virus surface antigen using firefly luciferase. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection continues to be a global public health concern. efficient diagnosis of hbv surface antigen (hbsag) is useful for identification of infection, treatment and prevention of transfusion-transmitted viral infections. seronegative window reduction afforded by a highly sensitive measurement methodology is necessary as a small quantity of virus with infection risk exists for the period characterized by undetectable hbsag following hbv infection. in this study, a biolumi ... | 2009 | 19424965 |
| expression of hepatitis b surface antigen s domain in recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae using gal1 promoter. | hepatitis b virus, a member of the hepadnavirus family, causes the acute and chronic diseases of the human liver. the s domain of hepatitis b virus surface antigen (shbsag) was expressed under the control of the galactose-inducible gal1 promoter in recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae. batch fermentation of s. cerevisiae 2805/pdeltamfalpha-shbsag resulted in 4.92gl(-1) dry cell mass and 2.21mgl(-1) shbsag concentration. to improve the expression level of shbsag, the pdi1 gene encoding protein di ... | 2009 | 19433220 |
| characterization of occult hepatitis b virus strains in south african blood donors. | since october 2005, all blood units collected in south africa were screened individually for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1, hepatitis b and c virus (hbv, hcv) genomes uncovering preseroconversion window period (wp) infections for each virus and occult hbv infections (obis) defined as persistent hbv dna without detectable hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). samples identified as hbsag-negative/dna-positive were confirmed by combining real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, neste ... | 2009 | 19434719 |
| impact of hepatitis b virus infection on the progression of aids and mortality in hiv-infected individuals: a cohort study and meta-analysis. | the effect of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection on the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease remains uncertain. therefore, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the influence of hiv-hbv coinfection on aids development and overall mortality. moreover, our results were added to those of previous studies in a literature-based meta-analysis. | 2009 | 19435436 |
| [sexually transmissible hepatitis viruses]. | the transmission of hepatitis viruses as a result of sexual activity is a common problem in medical practice. a system of stages is proposed to diagnose viral hepatitis. testing for anti-hbc, hbsag, anti-hav and anti-hcv is sufficient for initial screening. depending on the circumstances, this may be followed by further tests for hbv, hcv and hav. if initial screening provides no evidence, further tests for hev, epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus or other agents are conducted. | 2009 | 19436974 |
| bloodborne viral hepatitis infections among drug users: the role of vaccination. | drug use is a prevalent world-wide phenomenon and hepatitis virus infections are traditionally a major health problem among drug users (dus). hbv and hcv, and to a lesser extent hav, are easily transmitted through exposure to infected blood and body fluids. viral hepatitis is not inevitable for dus. licensed vaccines are available for hepatitis a and hepatitis b. the purpose of this overview is to show some epidemiological data about hbv and the other blood-borne viral hepatitis among dus and to ... | 2009 | 19440291 |
| hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus in medical waste handlers in tripoli, libya. | medical waste handlers (mwhs) are at risk of exposure to serious viral infections. no data are available on the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among mwhs in libya. during a one-year period (january to december 2004) blood samples from 300 (59 females) mwhs employed by a local contractor in tripoli and 300 blood samples from non-medical waste handlers (nmwhs) who had no direct or indirect contact with medical waste were examine ... | 2009 | 19443080 |
| synthesis and in vitro anti-hepatitis b virus activity of 6h-[1]benzothiopyrano[4,3-b]quinolin-9-ols. | a series of novel 6h-[1]benzothiopyrano[4,3-b]quinoline derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their anti-hepatitis b virus (hbv) activity and cytotoxicity in human hepatoblastoma-derived liver hep-g2 cells. compounds 10g, 10h, 10j, 10l and 10o were found to be potent anti-hbv compounds with ic(50) values less than 50 microm. the most promising compound was 10l, with an ic(50) value of 14.7 microm and a si value of 12.4. this is the first report of the anti-hbv effects of 6h-[1]benzothiopyr ... | 2009 | 19457674 |
| impaired quality of the hepatitis b virus (hbv)-specific t-cell response in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-hbv coinfection. | hepatitis b virus (hbv)-specific t cells play a key role both in the control of hbv replication and in the pathogenesis of liver disease. human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) coinfection and the presence or absence of hbv e (precore) antigen (hbeag) significantly alter the natural history of chronic hbv infection. we examined the hbv-specific t-cell responses in treatment-naïve hbeag-positive and hbeag-negative hiv-1-hbv-coinfected (n = 24) and hbv-monoinfected (n = 39) asian patients. pe ... | 2009 | 19458009 |
| torque teno virus--cause of viral liver disease following liver transplantation: a case report. | torque teno virus (ttv), a nonenveloped human virus of the circoviridae family, is hepatotropic, causing liver damage, cirrhosis, and, rarely, fulminant hepatitis. it prevails in 10% to 75% of blood donors due to environmental differences, independent of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv)/hcv hepatitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and in fulminant hepatitis non-a-g. reports about the efficacy of clinical alpha interferon are rare. in july 2007, a 65-year-old man who was serologicall ... | 2009 | 19460564 |
| fatal lactic acidosis associated with the use of combination oral medications to treat reactivation of hepatitis b. | oral nucleos(t)ide analogs for the treatment of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection are well tolerated with minimal side effects. these agents do carry a food and drug administration "black box" warning about the development of fatal lactic acidosis on the basis of data from the human immunodeficiency virus literature. however, no previously published cases of this lethal side effect have been reported in patients undergoing hbv treatment using the current food and drug administration-approved hbv ... | 2009 | 19461528 |
| strategies for managing coinfection with hepatitis b virus and hiv. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is more aggressive in individuals coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv): in the presence of hiv, hbv carrier rates and viremia levels are higher, episodes of activation are more frequent, cirrhosis progresses more quickly, and hepatocellular carcinoma occurs more often than with hbv infection alone. as in hbv monotherapy, the objective of treatment is suppression of viral replication. standard or pegylated interferon may be appropriate treatment for ... | 2009 | 19465707 |
| chromosomal instability, telomere shortening, and inactivation of p21(waf1/cip1) in dysplastic nodules of hepatitis b virus-associated multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. | systemic analysis for chromosomal instability and inactivation of cell cycle checkpoints are scarce during hepatocarcinogenesis. we studied 24 patients with chronic b viral cirrhosis including 30 cirrhotic regenerative nodules, 35 low-grade dysplastic nodules, 15 high-grade dysplastic nodules, 7 dysplastic nodules with hepatocellular carcinoma foci, and 18 hepatocellular carcinomas. eight normal livers were studied as the control group. telomere length and micronuclei were detected by southern b ... | 2009 | 19465904 |
| an interdomain rna binding site on the hepadnaviral polymerase that is essential for reverse transcription. | the t3 motif on the duck hepatitis b virus reverse transcriptase (p) is proposed to be a binding site essential for viral replication, but its ligand and roles in dna synthesis are unknown. here, we found that t3 is needed for p to bind the viral rna, the first step in dna synthesis. a second motif, rt-1, was predicted to assist t3. t3 and rt-1 appear to form a composite rna binding site because mutating t3 and rt-1 had similar effects on rna binding, exposure of antibody epitopes on p, and dna ... | 2009 | 19467554 |
| molecular epidemiological study of hepatitis viruses in ismailia, egypt. | the hepatitis virus is hyperendemic in egypt, western asia and africa. in egypt, most studies have been carried out in the regions of the upper and lower nile delta, and so little is known about other parts of the country. our project aimed to clarify the carrier rate of various hepatitis viruses in the northeastern province of ismailia. a total of 214 patients with elevated liver enzymes were enrolled in this study. sera were collected in ismailia hospital. we conducted a serological and molecu ... | 2009 | 19468235 |