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analysis of the antibody response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus proteins in calves.the antibody response in calves to natural infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was analysed by radioimmunoprecipitation assays. antibodies to virus proteins of mr 200k (l), 87k (g), 46k (f1), 41k (n), 35k (p), 28k and 24k (f2), 27k (m), 22k and less than 14k could be identified. recovery of 6- to 7-month-old calves from severe brsv-associated disease was accompanied by the development of an antibody response to the virus, which was directed mainly o the f and n proteins. ca ...19892732702
polypeptides of pneumonia virus of mice. i. immunological cross-reactions and post-translational modifications.a murine polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies have been employed to identify pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) polypeptides in infected cells and to study post-translational modifications. immunoprecipitation experiments using a murine polyclonal antiserum and a monoclonal antibody directed against a 39k protein have established an antigenic relationship between two pvm proteins and the n and p proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus. although 20 virus-specific polypeptides have been ...19892732719
polypeptides of pneumonia virus of mice. ii. characterization of the glycoproteins.the kinetics of synthesis and the nature of the oligosaccharides of the glycoproteins of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) were studied. tryptic peptide mapping showed that the two major glycosylated polypeptides g1 and g2 were different forms of the same protein. g2 was derived from g1 which in turn appeared to be derived from an unidentified precursor. the g1/g2 protein of pvm is probably a haemagglutinin since a monoclonal antibody directed against it has a high haemagglutination inhibition titre ...19892732720
bronchial reactivity in infants in acute respiratory failure with viral bronchiolitis.airway reactivity and the effects of bronchodilators in infants are controversial. we studied the response to bronchodilator treatment in 14 mechanically ventilated infants (mean age, 2.74 months; range, 0.6-5.9) in respiratory failure caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated bronchiolitis. sixteen infants without lung disease, undergoing elective surgery, provided normal values. maximum expiratory deflation flow-volume (dfv) curves were produced by manual inflation of the lungs wi ...19892748221
prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups over six consecutive outbreaks: 1981-1987.indirect immunofluorescence with strain-specific monoclonal antibodies was used to determine the phenotype of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolates obtained from infants hospitalized in greater boston over six successive outbreaks from 1981 to 1987. of 981 isolates, 591 (60%) were classified as subgroup a and 383 (39%) as subgroup b. the prevalence of subgroups varied both between and within yearly outbreaks. in 1983-84 and 1984-85, both subgroups circulated concurrently and in almost equal ...19892760479
the frequency, distribution and effects of antibodies, to seven putative respiratory pathogens, on respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves in ontario.during 1983-85, 279 calves requiring treatment for bovine respiratory disease and 290 comparison (control) animals from 15 different groups of feedlot calves were bled on arrival and again at 28 days postarrival. their sera were then analyzed for antibodies to seven putative respiratory pathogens. on arrival, the prevalences of indirect agglutination titers to pasteurella haemolytica, p. haemolytica cytotoxin, mycoplasma bovis and m. dispar were greater than 50%, the prevalence of titers to bovi ...19892766158
the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in formalin fixed bovine lung with commercially available monoclonal antibodies and avidin biotin complex immunohistochemistry.eight commercially available monoclonal antibodies directed against respiratory syncytial virus antigens were tested for ability to detect bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) antigen in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded bovine lung using avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical staining. monoclonal antibodies from clone 18b2 purchased from biosoft, paris, france and those from clone 8g12 purchased from the department of veterinary sciences, university of nebraska, lincoln, nebraska staine ...19892766160
use of nasal and pharyngeal swabs for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.nasal and pharyngeal swabs from 134 children with acute respiratory diseases were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus and adenovirus antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the results were compared with those obtained by virus isolation and serology. altogether, 56 rs virus-positive (prospective study), 51 adenovirus-positive (retrospective study), and 27 negative (prospective study) samples were examined. the sensitivities of elisa were 96 and 98% for r ...19892768473
evidence that the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus exists as a dimer in its native form. brief report.the quaternary structure of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein has been studied. crosslinking studies were done to stabilize the noncovalently associated proteins. these stable, heat-resistant, covalently linked complexes were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis. in situ crosslinking studies demonstrated that the fusion protein of rsv exists as a dimer in its native form on the surface of infected cells. the purified protein was also found to be presen ...19892774976
immunoglobulin a antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus structural proteins in colostrum and milk.immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) structural proteins in colostrum and milk was investigated by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. by using [35s]methionine-labeled rsv-infected hep-2 cells and antiserum to human iga as the capture antibody, iga antibody responses to large glycoprotein, fusion protein, nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, and matrix protein were demonstrated in colostrum and milk. the iga antibody response was mainly directed against fusion pr ...19892778061
evaluation of exposure of health care personnel to ribavirin.reports that ribavirin was teratogenic in animals raised concerns of female health care personnel about possible occupational exposure during the care of infants having respiratory syncytial virus infections. under simulated operational conditions, experiments were conducted to measure ribavirin residues in room air, in surface wipe samples, and in personal sampling devices worn by volunteers. there was exposure to a dispersible dust, presumably dried ribavirin, deposited inside the croupette or ...19892778845
prostaglandin and thromboxane concentrations in plasma and lung lavage fluids during sequential infection of vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.the potential action of immunologic reactions and mediators released during the course of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in pathogenesis of the ensuing disease process was examined in an experimental infection study. prostaglandin (pg) e2, pgf2 alpha 6-keto-pgf1 alpha, and thromboxane b2 (txb2) concentrations were quantitated in plasma and lung lavage fluid by radioimmunoassay at 3- to 4-day intervals during a primary and secondary virus infection of vaccinated, nonvaccinated, and ...19892782709
flow cytometric analysis of pulmonary lymphocytes from mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus.balb/c mice were infected intra-nasally with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and cells recovered from the lungs by single or repeated bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). single bal gave enough cells (1 - 2 x 10(5) cells/mouse) for morphological study of giemsa stained cytospin preparations, and allowed the same mouse lungs to be assayed for virus titre or processed for histology. in normal or sham-infected mice the majority of recovered cells were macrophages, with less than 5% lymphocytes. followin ...19892784741
pathogenesis of naturally acquired bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves: evidence for the involvement of complement and mast cell mediators.indicators of immune-mediated disease were studied in calves with severe natural bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. although antigen and antibody were detected concurrently in most calves, immune complexes were not detected by use of immunofluorescence, elisa, and binding of the 1q component of complement. complement component c3, however, was observed by immunofluorescence in the cranioventral, virus-infected portion of the lungs of 19 of 25 calves. reductions in the amount of histam ...19892786355
interleukin-1 inhibitor production by human mononuclear leukocytes and leukocyte subpopulations exposed to respiratory syncytial virus: analysis and comparison with the response to influenza virus.net interleukin-1 (il-1) inhibitor activity is induced by exposure of purified human monocytes-macrophages to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). furthermore, il-1 inhibitor activity was produced by monocytes-macrophages exposed to rsv in the presence of lymphocytes, that is, by unseparated mononuclear leukocytes (mnl). purified rsv-exposed lymphocytes, as well as the lymphocytes exposed within mnl preparations, produced net il-1 inhibitor activity. in contrast, net il-1 activity was produced whe ...19892788203
[the role of cellular immunity in the etiopathogenesis of obstructive bronchitis in childhood].the development and aetiopathogenetic role of the immune response were studied in group of infants and children aged 4-6 years by comparison of clinical status, concentrations of serum immunoglobulins, virological tests (levels of specific antibodies and cultivation of viruses) and the macrophage migration inhibition test. a respiratory syncytial virus was found in 44% of virologically positive children. the macrophage migration inhibition test was positive in 45% of infants suffering from obstr ...19892791084
childhood asthma following hospitalization with acute viral bronchiolitis in infancy.a prospective follow-up of 48 infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in the first year of life revealed that 44 of these infants had symptoms suggestive of asthma in the 5 years following their initial illness (cumulative prevalence 92%). symptoms became less frequent and less troublesome during the follow-up period. thirty-five of these children visited the laboratory for clinical examination, pulmonary function testing, and histamine challenge. twenty-five children ...19892797929
clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections in healthy versus previously compromised host.in an effort to delineate the clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the compromised host, we compared children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), congenital heart disease (chd), premature birth, failure to thrive, and gastroesophageal reflux to previously healthy children. during a four-year period, 262 patients were admitted to the hospital with rsv infection diagnosed by a rapid rsv antigen detection test. children with bpd or chd had more hospital days ...19892797931
duration of hospitalization in previously well infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection.to describe the typical hospital course of infection in previously well infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, we reviewed the charts of 196 patients with laboratory-proved respiratory syncytial virus infection in the 1987-1988 respiratory disease season. eighty-seven of the children had been previously well. their mean duration of hospitalization was 3.4 days. previously well infants younger than 6 weeks of age experienced significantly longer hospitalizations an ...19892797955
effect of vaccination on cell populations in lung washes from calves after infection with respiratory syncytial virus.the inflammatory response in the air-passages of the lungs of calves after intranasal inoculation with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was compared in rsv-vaccinated and control animals. total cells recovered from lung washings remained the same; however, the fold by eight days after infection and the type of cells changed from a predominance (85 per cent) of macrophages to equal proportions of macrophages and neutrophils (45 per cent) during the course of infection. the absolute numbers of ne ...19892799080
disturbance in respiratory mechanics in infants with bronchiolitis.the passive flow-volume and partial forced expiratory flow-volume techniques were used to assess pulmonary function in 14 spontaneously breathing infants with acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. two additional infants were studied while paralysed and ventilated. during the acute stage of the illness there was a significant reduction in forced expiratory flow rates and an increase in respiratory resistance. although the mean thoracic gas volume for the group was increased, five infan ...19892799745
activation of complement by bovine respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells.because complement activation is probably involved in the pathogenesis of as well as in recovery from the disease induced by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), we studied the activation of complement by brsv-infected cells in vitro in a homologous system. binding of c3 on the surface of infected cells was measured in a biotin-streptavidin amplified elisa, and complement-mediated lysis was measured in a 51cr release assay. without antibody, infected cells activated and bound more c3 than ...19892800328
comparison of caprine, human and bovine strains of respiratory syncytial virus.a new continuous ovine kidney cell line allowing the growth of caprine, human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus was used to minimize host cell related variations for the direct comparison of the viral ultrastructures, serological relationships and structural protein profiles. results show that all three strains are closely related although a closer relationship was found between bovine and caprine rs.19892803001
hilar enlargement in respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia.the clinical and radiographic features of ten children with hilar enlargement in association with proven respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection are described. hilar enlargement was seen in 10/35 children with rsv infection, and was invariably unilateral and right sided. it is recommended that rsv pneumonia be considered in children with unilateral hilar enlargement if tuberculosis has been excluded, and the onset of disease is rapid.19892806272
antibody-mediated enhancement of respiratory syncytial virus infection in two monocyte/macrophage cell lines.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for two surface glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were found to enhance rsv infection in two macrophagelike cell lines (p388d1 and thp-1). mabs to an irrelevant antigen (pneumococcal polysaccharide) and to the nucleocapsid of rsv did not enhance infection. blocking either the fc segment of the monoclonal antibody of the fc receptor on the cells diminished the enhancement, suggesting that this phenomenon involves attachment of the monoclonal ...19892809253
bacterial coinfection in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infections.clinical and bacterial findings were prospectively studied in 90 children hospitalized because of middle or lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during a surveillance period of 12 months. the results were compared with those of rsv-negative children hospitalized with identical indications during the 3 peak months of the rsv epidemic (n = 91) or for the 3 months after the outbreak (n = 99). a high frequency of pneumonia and acute otitis media were found in ...19892812913
respiratory syncytial virus infections in children admitted to the intensive care unit.during the winter of 1986-1987, 64 children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were admitted to our hospital. the diagnosis was made by direct immunofluorescent antibody technique. twenty-three children (36%) needed intensive care treatment. nearly 11 (52%) had a preexisting disease state, identified as a risk factor i.e., prematurity (n = 8), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (n = 2), congenital heart disease (n = 1). twelve patients (50%) were intubated and ventilated. conditions for in ...19892812976
marked differences in the antigenic structure of human respiratory syncytial virus f and g glycoproteins.monoclonal antibodies directed against the glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus were used in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for topological mapping of epitopes. whereas epitopes of the f glycoprotein could be ascribed to five nonoverlapping antigenic sites, anti-g antibodies recognized unique epitopes, many of whose competition profiles overlapped extensively. variant viruses selected with a neutralizing (47f) anti-f antibody lost the binding for only 47f and 49f an ...19892463385
antigenic variation of human rsv strains isolated in japan.antigenic variations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strains were analyzed using a collection of nine, seven, two, and one monoclonal antibodies (mabs), respectively, raised against the fusion protein (f), large glycoprotein (g), nucleoprotein (np), and phosphoprotein (p) components of the long strain of rsv. competitive binding assay by these mabs demonstrated eight, four, and two distinct epitopes on f, g, and np components, respectively. comparison of prototype long with ten field strain ...19892466102
neutralization epitopes of the f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus: effect of mutation upon fusion function.eighteen neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the fusion glycoprotein of the a2 strain of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were used to construct a detailed topological and operational map of epitopes involved in neutralization and fusion. competitive binding assays identified three nonoverlapping antigenic sites (a, b, and c) and one bridge site (ab). thirteen mab-resistant mutants (marms) were selected, and the neutralization patterns of the mabs with either marms or rsv cli ...19892470922
recognition of respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein by mouse cytotoxic t cell clones and a human cytotoxic t cell line.two mouse cytotoxic t cell (tc) clones, d5 and h11a, with specificity for the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein (f) were derived from balb/c mice primed intranasally (i.n.) with rsv (a2 strain). these clones possessed essentially the same characteristics, and only clone h11a is described here. tc clone h11a lysed target cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) expressing the rsv f gene, and similar target cells infected with rsv strains long, 8/60, or 18537. in additi ...19892471784
respiratory syncytial virus infection of human cord and adult blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages.we studied the permissiveness of human leukocytes, blood monocytes, alveolar macrophages, and cord blood monocytes to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). specific immunofluorescence was used to determine the percentage of infected leukocytes. the results indicated that monocytes were the most susceptible human leukocyte to in vitro infection with rsv. polymorphonuclear leukocytes demonstrated no specific fluorescent staining after 24 h of exposure to rsv, whereas peripheral blood n ...19892476959
characterization of a novel human respiratory syncytial virus chimeric fg glycoprotein expressed using a baculovirus vector.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) codes for two glycoproteins (f and g) which have been shown to the major targets for the host antibody response. we have expressed a novel chimeric glycoprotein (fg) in insect cells using a baculovirus vector. the chimeric glycoprotein contains the signal and extracellular regions of the rsv f glycoprotein linked to the extracellular region of the rsv g glycoprotein. beginning at the amino terminus, the chimeric glycoprotein consists of amino acids 1 to 48 ...19892477497
a 16-amino acid peptide of respiratory syncytial virus 1a protein contains two overlapping t cell-stimulating sites distinguishable by class ii mhc restriction elements.the 1a protein of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus is a small, 64-amino acid hydrophobic protein expressed in infected cells. we previously showed that the c-terminal domain of 1a contained a site for stimulation of rs virus-reactive th lymphocytes in balb/c and sjl/j mice. in this report we modeled a series of overlapping synthetic peptides of the 1a protein and we present evidence to suggest that the c-terminal domain of the 1a protein contains not one, but two, th lymphocyte-stimulating sites ...19892478625
characterization of the surface topography and putative tertiary structure of the human cd7 molecule.the cd7 gp40 molecule is a member of the ig gene superfamily and is expressed on t cell precursors before their entry into the thymus during fetal development. n-terminal amino acids 1-107 of cd7 are highly homologous to ig kappa-l chains whereas the carboxyl-terminal region of the extracellular domain of cd7 is proline-rich and has been postulated to form a stalk from which the ig domain projects. to define potential functional regions of cd7, we have studied the surface topography of the cd7 a ...19892479685
comparison of antigenic sites of subtype-specific respiratory syncytial virus attachment proteins.a panel of 19 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were used to probe the antigenic relationships between the g (attachment) proteins of a and b respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subtypes (ga and gb). at least three and two antigenic sites were present on ga and gb, respectively, including a shared neutralizing site. most of the antibodies had some degree of complement-independent neutralizing capacity, but in common was a large neutralization-resistant fraction of virus (range 13 to 78%). passive admin ...19892479715
[a stat-method of determining respiratory syncytial virus].for rapid detection of rs virus we have modified agglutination test with staphylococcus coated with rsv-antibody which allows the virus titer to be determined within 3-5 min. the results of rs virus titration in the yield compared with those obtained by cft and cpe tests showed our modified test to be twice as specific and sensitive (60-80 ng/ml). this modification of the coagglutination test with sensitized staphylococcus and the method of running the test on a row of slides may be used in viro ...19892480026
early identification and retrieval or deletion of human lymphocyte subpopulations responding to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus challenge.differences in immune responses of human mononuclear leukocytes (mnl) have been demonstrated following exposure in vitro to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in the current studies, we sought to identify early differences in reactive subpopulations that emerge from within the heterogeneous resting mnl pool after challenge. mnl were sham-exposed or exposed to influenza virus or rsv, separated, and retrieved by countercurrent centrifugal elutriation after 3 d. exposure to influ ...19892480179
antigenic structure of the fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus. 19892481965
natural killer cell response to respiratory syncytial virus in the balb/c mouse model. 19892482668
detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus using a heterologous antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay.based on the marked antigenic similarities that exist between antigens of the human and bovine strains of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an enzyme immunoassay (eia) designed to detect human rsv was used to detect bovine rsv. the commercial test kit (rsv eia) consists of a solid phase (beads) coated with a capture antiserum prepared against the long strain of human rsv. the rsv eia test was compared with the method of inoculation of cell cultures and fluorescent antibody (fa) staining of lung ...19892488346
a blocking elisa for the detection of specific antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus.a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been adapted to detect specific antibodies in bovine sera to respiratory syncytial virus using a horseradish peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody to the fusion protein of the virus. this assay plus an indirect blocking elisa and indirect elisa were used to detect antibodies to the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in 159 field-origin bovine sera. results of these assays were compared with serum antibody titers measured by the ser ...19892488716
acute otitis media and respiratory virus infections.we studied the association of acute otitis media with different respiratory virus infections in a pediatric department on the basis of epidemics between 1980 and 1985. altogether 4524 cases of acute otitis media were diagnosed. the diagnosis was confirmed by tympanocentesis in 3332 ears. respiratory virus infection was diagnosed during the same period in 989 patients by detecting viral antigen in nasopharyngeal mucus. there was a significant correlation between acute otitis media and respiratory ...19892495520
nosocomial viral infections: recent developments and new strategies.surveillance studies generally have underestimated the importance of viruses in the pathogenesis of nosocomial respiratory tract infections. the development of rapid, sensitive and reliable diagnostic techniques has permitted documentation of viral respiratory pathogens and has led to increased understanding of the epidemiology of these organisms in the hospital. these advances are exemplified by studies of respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized children. the pulmonary sequelae o ...19892495955
tracheitis and supraglottis associated with branhamella catarrhalis and respiratory syncytial virus. 19892496395
immunization of the gastrointestinal tract with bacterial and viral antigens: implications in mucosal immunity.the effects of oral immunization with pseudomonas aeruginosa (paoi), chlamydia trachomatis or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on the development of specific antibody responses in the intestine, respiratory tract and genital secretions was studied in several animal models. oral immunization resulted in the development of specific immunity in distant mucosal sites. however, its role in influencing the outcome of reinfection challenge at the distant site varied with the antigen. little or no prot ...19892499537
evaluation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium salt dihydrate (edta)-tween 20 treatment versus protease digestion of formalin-fixed tissue sections for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus antigen in infected ovine lung.the efficacy of protease and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium salt dihydrate (edta)-tween 20 in unmasking bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) antigens in formalin-fixed lung tissue was compared using avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedure. tissues were taken from experimentally infected lambs. brsv antigen stained in both techniques. treatment with edta-tween 20 resulted in more intense staining of brsv infected cells, more uniform cytoplasmic staining, less non-specific back ...19892503919
[clinical studies on the secondary bacterial infection in respiratory syncytial virus infection of children].secondary bacterial infection was studied on 231 children admitted with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the 10 years since 1987. of the 231 children, 56 (24.2%) had dual bacterial infection possibly due to secondary bacterial invasion. the diagnoses of bacterial disease were sepsis (2), pyothorax (2), pneumonias (41), otitis media (7), nasopharyngitis (2) and urinary tract infection (2). dual bacterial infections were more frequent in infants and children over 6 months than in inf ...19892504838
direct and indirect fluorescent-antibody staining techniques using commercial monoclonal antibodies for detection of respiratory syncytial virus.a comparison was made between direct and indirect fluorescent-antibody staining techniques using commercial monoclonal antibodies for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory secretions. overall agreement between the two tests was 94%. using virus isolation as the reference method, the indirect test had a higher sensitivity but a similar specificity when compared with the direct test. the slight delay in reporting using the indirect technique is not clinically significant and is o ...19892506043
immunohistochemical evidence of measles virus antigens in active otosclerosis.despite intensive investigation, the cause of otosclerosis remains uncertain. recent studies of paget's disease of bone have revealed a possible viral origin. because of similarities between otosclerosis and paget's disease, we have pursued investigation of a possible viral cause of otosclerosis. four temporal bone specimens from patients with otosclerosis, processed for immunohistochemistry, demonstrated positive specific reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to measles virus antigens using the ...19892508016
etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children based on antibody responses to bacterial and viral antigens.the serologic responses to bacterial and viral antigens were determined in paired serum samples from 336 children, ages 1 month to 15 years, with roentgenographically verified community-acquired pneumonia. significant increases in antibodies against one agent were found in 40% and against two or more agents in 8% of the children. there were significant increases in antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus in 20%, viruses of the influenza-parainfluenza group in 6% and adenovirus in 3%. a se ...19892516622
[laboratory diagnosis of infantile infections caused by the respiratory syncytial virus. report of 9 cases].nine cases of respiratory infections caused by syncytial respiratory virus which were diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies are presented here. six of them have been clinically diagnosed as bronchiolitis and the remaining three are diagnosed as obstructive bronchitis, upper respiratory cold and respiratory distress respectively. seven are male and two are female. their ages vary from 13 days to eleven months. its usefulness is indicated given its speed and the current ...19892519489
the 1b (ns2), 1c (ns1) and n proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) of antigenic subgroups a and b: sequence conservation and divergence within rsv genomic rna.a 2330 nucleotide sequence spanning the 1b (ns2), ic (ns1) and n genes and intergenic regions of human respiratory syncytial virus strain 18537, representing antigenic subgroup b, was determined by sequencing cloned cdnas of intracellular mrnas. comparison with the previously reported sequences for strain a2 of subgroup a showed that 1b, 1c and n were highly conserved at the nucleotide level (78, 78 and 86% identity, respectively) and at the amino acid level (92, 87 and 96% identity, respectivel ...19892525176
in vitro performance of the small particle aerosol generator (spag-2).the anti-viral drug ribavirin primarily used for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants is delivered by continuous nebulization with the small particle aerosol generator (spag). clinical data suggest that the spag is an efficient nebulizer for ribavirin; it is also being used for the delivery of other pulmonary agents. the efficiency of a nebulizer can be defined in large part by delivering a major proportion of its output with a particle size of 1 to 5 microns w ...19892529473
priming for local and systemic antibody memory responses to bovine respiratory syncytial virus: effect of amount of virus, virus replication, route of administration and maternal antibodies.we studied the conditions under which calves can be primed for mucosal and serum antibody memory responses against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and the relationship between such responses and protection against the virus. calves were primed via the respiratory tract with a low or high amount of live virus, with killed virus, or intramuscularly with live virus. calves were challenged via the respiratory tract. priming with live virus via the respiratory tract induced primary antibod ...19892530685
t-cells in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. 19892533461
processing, surface expression, and immunogenicity of carboxy-terminally truncated mutants of g protein of human respiratory syncytial virus.posttranslational processing and cell surface expression were examined for three c-terminally truncated mutants of the g protein of respiratory syncytial virus expressed from engineered cdnas. the truncated mutants, encoded by cdnas designated g71, g180, and g230, contained the n-terminal 71, 180, and 230 amino acids, respectively, of the 298-amino-acid g protein. to facilitate detection of g71, which reacted inefficiently with g-specific antisera, we constructed a parallel set of cdnas, designa ...19892535742
a neutrophil-derived antiviral protein: induction requirements and biological properties.polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (pmn) have been implicated as playing a role in antiviral defense. in addition to having phagocytic and cytotoxic activities, pmn may produce an antiviral substance with interferon (ifn)-like activity. the product, for which the name polyferon (pf) has been coined, is produced upon direct encounter of pmn with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1)-infected bovine cells or membranes thereof. exposure to purified virus only does not induce pf. the intimate intera ...19892539494
evaluation of a monoclonal antibody pool for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viral infections.a pool of monoclonal antibodies (mabp) was evaluated both as a method of cell culture confirmation and as a rapid diagnostic screen for viral infection in respiratory secretions. the mabp was used in a two-step fluorescent staining procedure on cells harvested from cultures (phase 1) and on exfoliated nasopharyngeal or tracheal cells (phase 2). antibodies in the mabp were directed against respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, and influenza viruses a an ...19892541165
efficacy of viral components of a nonabortigenic combination vaccine for prevention of respiratory and reproductive system diseases in cattle.efficacy and safety of components of an im-administered vaccine for prevention of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), parainfluenza type-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections and campylobacteriosis and leptospirosis were evaluated in cattle, including calves and pregnant cows. challenge of immunity tests were conducted in calves for ibrv, pi-3 virus, or bvdv vaccinal components. all inoculated calves developed serum-neutr ...19892542202
clinical manifestations of respiratory tract infections due to respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses in hospitalized children.from september 1984 to may 1986, nasopharyngeal secretions were obtained from 519 children with some form of respiratory tract infection. the nasal secretions were screened for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, 3, influenza virus types a and b, and enteroviruses by tissue culture virus isolation technique and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a uniform questionnaire gave information about age, sex, individual signs and symptoms, fi ...19892545074
comparative susceptibility of respiratory viruses to recombinant interferons-alpha 2b and -beta.intranasal recombinant interferon-alpha 2b (rifn-alpha 2b) protects against natural colds due to rhinoviruses, but apparently not against those caused by viruses. because rifn-beta serine17 (rifn-beta ser) appears less active than rifn-alpha 2b in preventing natural rhinovirus colds, we compared the two ifns in two in vitro assays against selected respiratory viruses. in a yield reduction assay, both ifns had comparable activity against rhinovirus types 39 and 1a and coronavirus 229e, which were ...19892545792
pulmonary infection in human immunodeficiency disease: viral pulmonary infections.viral pneumonitides are among the known pulmonary complications of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. cytomegalovirus (cmv) pneumonitis is the most frequently recognized viral infection involving the lung. although cmv may occasionally be the sole pathogen found to be responsible for severe pneumonitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), in most cases, its role in causing pulmonary disease is less clear, primarily because of the propensity to infect with a ...19892546236
comparison of monoclonal antibody time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay with monoclonal antibody capture-biotinylated detector enzyme immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus antigen detection.an all-monoclonal antibody, time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay was compared with several enzyme immunoassays for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 1, 2, and 3 antigens in clinical specimens. the most sensitive enzyme immunoassay for parainfluenza virus type 1 was an all-monoclonal antibody assay with biotin-labeled detector antibody and streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate, but for respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus types 2 and 3 the most sensit ...19892546973
comparison of three techniques for detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with lower acute respiratory infections.a comparison of immunofluorescence (if), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and isolation in tissue culture (tc) for detection of respiratory viruses was performed on 496 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children under 5 years of age with lower acute respiratory infections who were receiving attention at three hospitals in buenos aires, argentina. all samples were tested by the three methods for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza a and b, adenovirus, and parainfluenza 1 and 3. vir ...19892547019
study of virus isolation from pharyngeal swabs in children with varicella.we performed virus isolations from the pharyngeal swabs in 117 children with varicella who were aged from 22 days to 15 years and 70 healthy children who were aged from 3 months to 15 years, by using human embryonic lung cell cultures. viral isolates were confirmed by an indirect immunofluorescence method or by neutralization with well-characterized antibodies. five varicella-zoster virus isolates (4.3%), 23 cytomegalovirus isolates (19.7%), five herpes simplex virus isolates (4.3%), and one res ...19892556024
the development of a novel immunoassay amplification system and its use in viral detection.a novel amplification system has been developed for the detection of free or antibody-conjugated alkaline phosphatase. the amplification system provides a 100 fold enhancement in the detection of the enzyme, compared to direct detection with chromogenic substrates. the key to the amplification system is the dephosphorylation of a potent phosphorylated inhibitor, and the visualization of this inhibitor using a second, indicator, reaction. this system is shown to provide increased sensitivity for ...19892558598
epidemiologic survey of bovine diseases in suriname.a seroepidemiologic survey of cattle diseases was undertaken in suriname in 1985 to help assess the livestock disease situation in that country. the six diseases covered by the survey were bovine coronavirus infection, bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine virus diarrhea, brucellosis, parainfluenza-3 infection, and respiratory syncytial virus infection. the results indicated relatively low prevalences of these diseases compared to the prevalences found in most developed countries. the reasons for this ...19892558753
alkaline phosphatase fusions to the respiratory syncytial virus f protein as an approach to analyze its membrane topology.manoil and beckwith (1985) have constructed a transposon, tnphoa, that permits the generation of hybrid proteins composed of alkaline phosphatase (ap) lacking its signal peptide fused to amino-terminal sequences of other proteins. this transposon has been used to localize export signals and analyze membrane topology of bacterial proteins. we have applied this approach to the membrane fusion protein (f) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the transposon tnphoa and a plasmid directing bacterial ...19892558867
[serological investigation on infant virus pneumonia in beijing].antibody against adenovirus in paired sera of 171 cases of infant virus pneumonia observed in 7 winter-spring periods was assayed by hemagglutination-inhibition test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a 4-fold or greater rise in the titer was found in 56 cases (32.75%). type 3 and type 7 were predominant. antibody against influenza virus was assayed in paired sera of 129 cases in 6 winter-spring periods. a 4-fold or greater increase in the titer was observed in 11 cases (8.53%), with predomi ...19892560411
current use and future directions of adenovirus vaccine.adenoviruses are a major cause of respiratory illnesses in military recruits and also are common causes of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections during childhood. forty-one serotypes of human respiratory and enteric adenoviruses have been identified. live, oral adenovirus vaccines developed for the military and tested in large clinical trials have proved to be safe and highly effective in decreasing hospitalizations related to adenoviral acute respiratory diseases. studies have demonstrate ...19892560582
comparative virulence of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b. 19892564579
synthesis of respiratory syncytial virus rna in cell-free extracts.a cell-free system has been used to synthesize respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rna in vitro. polyadenylated species representing all size classes of rsv mrnas were labelled. some of the labelled rna was seen in a cscl gradient at the density characteristic of negative-strand viral nucleocapsids. experiments using a thiotriphos-phorylated nucleotide indicate that rna chains are initiated de novo in the cell-free system.19892567342
effects of norakin on respiratory syncytial virus in tissue culture and in mice.norakin at 1 microgram/ml inhibits the reproduction of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in vero cells to 50% and at 5 micrograms/ml to 90%. the development of lung lesions in rsv-infected balb/c mice was suppressed by 70% when the animals were treated with two doses (25 mg/kg each) of norakin, 30 min before and 4 hr post infection. (p.i.), respectively.19892569812
respiratory syncytial virus subgroups and pneumonia in children. 19892572768
characterization of bovine respiratory syncytial virus proteins and mrnas and generation of cdna clones to the viral mrnas.we have characterized the proteins and mrnas of bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus strain 391-2 and constructed cdna clones corresponding to 9 of the 10 brs virus mrnas. the proteins of brs virus-infected cells were compared with the proteins from human respiratory syncytial (hrs) virus-infected cells. nine proteins specific to brs virus-infected cells, corresponding to nine hrs virus proteins, were identified. only a brs virus polymerase protein remains to be identified. the brs virus g g ...19892911122
fatal respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis in a previously healthy child. 19892913902
failure to detect antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in bovine fetal serum.sera obtained from 147 bovine fetuses estimated to be between 120 and 270 days of gestation at an abattoir were tested for antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus was not detected in any of the sera examined. based on the results of this study and a review of the literature, it appears that transplacental infection by bovine respiratory syncytial virus does not occur, or is uncommon.19892914217
respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibody responses in immunoglobulin a and e isotypes to the f and g proteins and to intact virus after natural infection.we studied the antibody response to the fusion (f) and attachment (g) proteins of respiratory syncytial virus and to purified intact virus in the respiratory secretions of 29 infants and children. the goal of the study was to determine whether the immune response to either of the glycoproteins occurred predominantly in the immunoglobulin a (iga) as opposed to the ige isotype, which would indicate that one protein subunit would be a better candidate as a potential vaccine. antibody responses were ...19892915022
respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected man. 19892915431
respiratory syncytial virus outbreak on american samoa. evaluation of risk factors.acute respiratory illness is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality in developing nations. we investigated an increase in hospitalizations of children less than 2 years old for severe lower respiratory tract illness (lri) from october 1986 through december 1986 on the island of american samoa. hospitalization rates were highest in children less than 6 months of age (60 of 1000 compared with 22 of 1000 for those 6 to 11 months of age, and seven of 1000 for those 12 to 24 months of age). ...19892916509
a concurrent epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus and echovirus 7 infections in an intensive care nursery.we describe concurrent outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and echovirus 7 (echo 7) infections in a neonatal intensive care unit, including infants who had dual infections. seventy-three infants were identified as having rsv from january through june, 1984. during the same surveillance period echo 7 was cultured from 20 infants, and 6 infants had concurrent rsv and echo 7 and rsv were isolated, but not concurrently. this dual outbreak of rsv and echo 7 infections persisted for months ...19892922234
production of interferon in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.production of interferon alfa in vitro was significantly reduced during acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis but subsequently returned to normal. nasopharyngeal and endotracheal interferon alfa were detected intermittently and in low concentrations. the degree of impairment of in vitro production and poor in vivo production of interferon alfa suggest the need for a therapeutic trial of nebulised or systemic interferon in acute bronchiolitis.19892923479
effect of breast feeding on the development of anti-idiotype antibody response to f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus in infant mice after post-partum maternal immunization.groups of lactating balb/c mice were immunized in the immediate postpartum period with high doses of mab (ab-1) to the f-glycoprotein (f-gp) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this antibody possessed neutralizing activity against the whole virus. the immune response to f-gp was studied in the breast feeding infant mice of such mothers at regular intervals before and after weaning. all infant mice exhibited anti-f-gp activity in serum, which was detected until 6 wk of age. splenic cells of suc ...19892926142
the envelope proteins from purified respiratory syncytial virus protect mice from intranasal virus challenge.a lyophilized subunit vaccine prepared from purified respiratory syncytial virus, which contained the envelope glycoproteins f and g and the nonglycosylated matrix protein vpm, was tested in sjl mice for its ability to protect the lungs of mice from intranasal viral challenge. initially, the mice were injected subcutaneously with one, two, or three doses of 5 or 25 micrograms of vaccine in 50% complete freund's adjuvant or with complete freund's adjuvant or phosphate-buffered saline only. althou ...19892928348
role of ige in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in sequential infections in vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves.a study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of ige in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection. fifteen calves were allotted at random to 3 treatment groups. one group of 6 calves was vaccinated with attenuated brsv vaccine before live-virus challenge exposure, another group of 6 was not vaccinated before challenge exposure, and the remaining 3 calves served as controls (nonvaccinated, nonchallenge exposed). calves of the 2 experimental groups were exposed ...19892930022
upper respiratory tract infection and serum antibody responses in nursing home patients.residents of a veterans administration nursing home care unit (nhcu) were observed for the development of upper respiratory tract infection (uri) during 12 consecutive months to determine the frequency of sporadic cases or outbreaks of uri and to characterize them clinically and by laboratory means. fifty-nine episodes of uri occurred in 56 residents during the study period. serologic testing or virus isolation proved or suggested an etiologic agent on 22 occasions. uri was more common in late f ...19882847597
serologic study of febrile upper respiratory tract infections in adults.we prospectively studied serum antiviral antibody response in adult patients with febrile upper respiratory tract infections. paired sera were obtained in 158 patients from january 1982 to december 1983. eighteen patients (11.4 percent) showed a significant antibody rise in the convalescent phase of the disease compared to the acute phase. significant antibody rise was observed against all viruses examined: influenza viruses type a and b, adenovirus type 3, respiratory syncytial virus, and parai ...19882848145
peptides as potential virus inhibitors. synthesis and bioassay of five respiratory syncytial virus peptide analogs with antimeasles activity.five carbobenzoxylated and d-amino acid containing-peptide analogs of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f1 glycoprotein amino terminus were chemically synthesized by solution and fmoc-solid phase peptide synthesis methods. several of these peptides, ranging from 3 to 6 residues in length, raised the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition temperature of dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine. none of these peptides were specific inhibitors of rsv or herpes simplex virus infection. two of the serie ...19882850279
antiviral therapy with small particle aerosols.the generation and use of small particle aqueous aerosols (1.23 microns aerodynamic mass median diameter, gsd = 2.0 microns) containing ribavirin is described. administered via aerosol, ribavirin will be deposited rather uniformly on the surface of the nasopharynx, the tracheobronchial tree and in the pulmonary area. examples of aerosol-delivered dosages found to be effective in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection and influenza a and b virus infections are as follows: 12.8 mg ...19882850911
helper t cell recognition of respiratory syncytial virus in mice.in this study we aimed to define the protein and viral subtype specificities of helper th cells to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). balb/c mice were primed by infection with rsv, or with vaccinia viruses (vv) containing genes encoding several individual rsv proteins. priming for th cell memory was assayed by stimulating spleen cells in vitro with different rsv isolates and measuring rsv-specific interleukin 2 (il-2) release by t cells into supernatants using an il-2-dependent ctll cell line. s ...19882963089
clinical signs following experimental lungworm infection and natural bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves.similar clinical signs have been reported in calves infected either by dictyocaulus viviparus or bovine respiratory syncytial virus. three experiments were carried out to establish the clinical picture and the course of the disease in animals with these infections. the clinical signs of calves infected with lungworm included coughing, nasal discharge, tachypnoea, abdominal breathing and pyrexia, and auscultation of their lungs revealed increased bronchial sounds. similar signs were also observed ...19882973675
respiratory syncytial virus infections and intravenous gamma-globulins.the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. throughout the world annual rsv epidemics result in numerous hospitalizations, substantial morbidity and some mortality. until the recent introduction of ribavirin only supportive therapy has been available for treating these infections. the development of animal models of rsv infection and the observation that some lots of immunoglobulin prepared for intravenous administration c ...19883041354
non-neoplastic pulmonary multinucleate giant cells. comparative study of multinucleate giant cells in porcine dermatosis vegetans and other polykaryocytic conditions.pulmonary multinucleate giant cells (mgcs) in porcine dermatosis vegetans (dv) were compared with virus-induced and inflammatory-associated mgcs, with particular attention to mechanisms involved in the formation of such cells. ultrastructurally, pigs with dv showed numerous pulmonary mgcs with transversely-sectioned interdigitating microvillous structures. microvilli were observed closely apposed to type-ii pneumocytes and with morphological characteristics of membrane bridge formation. rabbits ...19883044400
respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a cardiac transplant recipient. 19883045218
respiratory syncytial virus: heterogeneity of subgroup b strains.in order to investigate further possible structural differences among the two subgroups of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), we analysed the antigenic characteristics and size of structural proteins of 20 subgroup a and 43 subgroup b strains by their reactions with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the proteins of rsv using immunofluorescence, elisa and radioimmunoprecipitation assays. the latter test also enabled determination of the size of different structural components. the 37 ...19883045252
bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific monoclonal antibodies.five hybridomas were produced which secreted monoclonal antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). two antibodies (8g12, 15c7) neutralized the virus and inhibited syncytia formation in vitro. these monoclonal antibodies also stained, by indirect fluorescent assay, an external envelope protein of living virus-infected cells, and recognized the 48k subunit of the viral fusion protein by western blot analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus-infected cell lysates. three other mon ...19883046116
ribavirin in respiratory syncytial virus infection. a double blind placebo controlled trial is needed. 19883046516
passive transfer of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antiserum suppresses the immune response to the rsv fusion (f) and large (g) glycoproteins expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses.in young infants who possess maternally derived respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antibodies, the antibody response to rsv glycoproteins is relatively poor, despite extensive replication of rsv. in the present study, it was found that cotton rat rsv hyperimmune antiserum suppressed the antibody response to the rsv glycoproteins but not the response to vaccinia virus antigens when the antiserum was passively transferred to cotton rats prior to infection with vaccinia recombinant viruses expressin ...19883047432
comparison of the abbott and ortho enzyme immunoassays and cell culture for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal specimens.a comparison of the abbott laboratories and the ortho diagnostic systems respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) enzyme immunoassays (eia) and hep-2 cell culture for the detection of rsv in 81 nasopharyngeal (np) specimens from pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection was carried out. the sensitivity and specificity of the abbott test compared to confirmed infection was 92.3% and 100.0%, respectively. the sensitivity and specificity of the ortho test was 87.5% and 80.3%, respectively. ...19883053011
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