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anti-listeria effect of enterocin a, produced by cheese-isolated enterococcus faecium efm01, relative to other bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria.enterocin a produced by enterococcus faecium efm01 displayed a narrow antimicrobial spectrum, mainly directed against listeria spp. in particular, the bacteriocin was extremely active against 13 listeria monocytogenes strains. this high specificity of action of enterocin a for listeria spp. relative to lactic acid bacteria, together with its broad range of activity from ph 4.0 to ph 9.0, are factors which may be of great interest with respect to the potential antilisterial use of this bacterioci ...200010747225
the growth and resistance to sodium hypochlorite of listeria monocytogenes in a steady-state multispecies biofilm.a constant-depth film fermenter (cdff) was used to culture a steady-state multispecies biofilm consisting of one strain each of listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas fragi and staphylococcus xylosus. these bacteria were initially grown together in a conventional chemostat to achieve a steady state before being inoculated into the cdff over an 18-h period. a dilute tryptone soya broth (tsb) medium was supplied to the cdff and the biofilm allowed to develop over a 28-d period. this mature biofilm wa ...200010747232
variations in virulence between different electrophoretic types of listeria monocytogenes.a total of 245 strains of listeria monocytogenes, representing 33 different electrophoretic types (ets), were examined quantitatively for haemolytic activity. no significant difference was observed in the mean haemolytic activity between different ets. eighty four out of 91 strains examined were found to be virulent for chick embryos. strains belonging to et 2 and et 4 were found to be less virulent than strains of other ets (p = 0.0447). furthermore, strains from clinical cases were found to be ...200010747256
activity of hydrolysed lactoferrin against foodborne pathogenic bacteria in growth media: the effect of edta.lactoferrin was hydrolysed with pepsin and the antimicrobial activity of the resulting hydrolysate (hlf) was studied in 1% peptone, 0.05% yeast extract, 1% glucose (pyg) medium and tryptic soy broth (tsb). hlf was effective against listeria monocytogenes, enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis in pyg, however, the highest studied concentration (1.6 mg ml-1) did not inhibit growth of any of these organisms in tsb. the addition of edta enhanced the activity of hlf in tsb, i ...200010747257
sensitivity of nisin-resistant listeria monocytogenes to heat and the synergistic action of heat and nisin.nisin, a bacteriocin produced by some strains of lactococcus lactis, acts against foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes. a single exposure of cells to nisin can generate nisin-resistant (nisr) mutants, which may compromise the use of nisin in the food industry. the objective of this research was to compare the heat resistance of nisr and wild type (wt) listeria monocytogenes. the synergistic effect of heat-treatment (55 degrees c) and nisin (500 iu ml-1) on the nisr cells and the wt l. monoc ...200010747260
growth of listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica colonies under modified atmospheres at 4 and 8 degrees c using a model food system.the growth of listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica colonies was studied on solid media at 4 and 8 degrees c under modified atmospheres (mas) of 5% o2: 10% co2: 85% n2 (ma1), 30% co2: 70% n2 (ma2) and air (control). colony radius, determined using computer image analysis, allowed specific growth rates (mu) and the time taken to detect bacterial colonies to be estimated, after colonies became visible. at 4 degrees c both mas decreased the growth rates of l. monocytogenes by 1.5- and ...200010735241
the growth of listeria monocytogenes in cheese packed under a modified atmosphere.the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (map) on the growth of listeria monocytogenes in mould ripened cheeses was studied at refrigeration temperatures (2-8.3 degrees c) over a storage period of 6 weeks. control experiments in cling film with no atmospheric modification produced a lag time before growth of up to 1 week and rapid subsequent growth. map with a co2 concentration of less than 20% allowed growth to occur but when o2 was incorporated; the lag time was reduced from 3 to 2 weeks an ...200010735243
purification and some characteristics of enterocin on-157, a bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecium niai 157.bacteriocin-like activity (bla) was screened in 690 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from plant materials such as silages and fermented vegetables. among them, a strain identified as enterococcus faecium niai 157 showed a clear bla against the indicator strain, ent. faecium ifo 13712. the proteinaceous nature and antimicrobial activity against closely related species strongly indicated that this bla was a bacteriocin and was designated enterocin on-157. the bacteriocin activity of this s ...200010735246
characteristics of the biologically active 35-kda metalloprotease virulence factor from listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular pathogen, synthesizes an extracellular protease which is responsible for the maturation of phosphatidylcholine phospholipase c (lecithinase), a virulence factor involved in cell-to-cell spread. this work describes the environmental parameters necessary for increased production of mature, 35-kda active protease in strains of l. monocytogenes, and its detection using polyclonal antibodies raised against bacillus subtilis neutral protease. high pe ...200010735252
physiological effects of high hydrostatic pressure treatments on listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium.the effect of a high hydrostatic pressure treatment on the gram-positive listeria monocytogenes strain scott a and the gram-negative salmonella typhimurium strain mutton (atcc13 311) has been determined in stationary phase cell suspensions. pressure treatments were done at room temperature for 10 min in sodium citrate (ph 5.6) and sodium phosphate (ph 7.0) suspension buffers. increasing pressure treatments resulted in an exponential decrease of cell counts. salmonella typhimurium suspended at lo ...200010735987
anchor structure of cell wall surface proteins in listeria monocytogenes.many surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria are anchored to the cell wall by a mechanism requiring a cooh-terminal sorting signal with a conserved lpxtg motif. in staphylococcus aureus, surface proteins are cleaved between the threonine and the glycine of the lpxtg motif. the carboxyl of threonine is subsequently amide linked to the amino group of the pentaglycine cell wall crossbridge. here we investigated the anchor structure of surface proteins in listeria monocytogenes. a methionine and ...200010736172
listeria monocytogenes meningitis during the incubation period of hepatitis a disease. 200010749478
monitoring cellular responses to listeria monocytogenes with oligonucleotide arrays.listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic intracellular microorganism whose infection induces pleiotropic biological changes associated with host cell gene expression regulation. here we define the gene expression profiles of the human promyelocytic thp1 cell line before and after l. monocytogenes infection. gene expression was measured on a large scale via oligonucleotide microarrays with probe sets corresponding to 6,800 human genes. we assessed and discussed the reproducibility of the hybridizat ...200010753925
differing roles of inflammation and antigen in t cell proliferation and memory generation.recent studies have demonstrated that viral and bacterial infections can induce dramatic in vivo expansion of ag-specific t lymphocytes. although presentation of ag is critical for activation of naive t cells, it is less clear how dependent subsequent in vivo t cell proliferation and memory generation are upon ag. we investigated t cell expansion and memory generation in mice infected alternately with strains of listeria monocytogenes that contained or lacked an immunodominant, mhc class i-restr ...200010754299
development of a new lysis solution for releasing genomic dna from bacterial cells for dna amplification by polymerase chain reaction.a new lysis solution designated tz, consisting of 2.0% triton x-100 plus 2.5 mg sodium azide/ml in 0.1 m tris-hcl buffer at ph 8.0, yielded higher levels of genomic dna from escherichia coli o157:h7 cells compared with a number of other commonly used cell lysis methods. ethidium bromide stained dna bands resulting from pcr amplification of target dna from 100 cfu of e. coli o157:h7 were readily detected following electrophoresis of agarose gels. in contrast, conventional cell lysis methods faile ...200010756522
the macrocyclic peptide antibiotic micrococcin p(1) is secreted by the food-borne bacterium staphylococcus equorum ws 2733 and inhibits listeria monocytogenes on soft cheese.staphylococcus equorum ws 2733 was found to produce a substance exhibiting a bacteriostatic effect on a variety of gram-positive bacteria. the metabolite was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and semipreparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. electrospray mass spectrometry confirmed the high purity of the compound and revealed a molecular mass of 1,143 da. by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy the substance was identified as mi ...200010831414
in vitro and in vivo macrophage function can occur independently of slp-76.expression of sh2 domain-containing leukocyte-specific phosphoprotein of 76 kda (slp-76), a hematopoietic cell-specific adapter protein, is required to couple syk family tyrosine kinase activation to downstream mediators such as phospholipase c (plc)-gamma following tcr, platelet collagen receptor and mast cell fc epsilon r stimulation. in addition to t cells, mast cells and platelets, slp-76 is expressed in monocytes and macrophages. to determine the role of slp-76 in fc gamma r-stimulated sign ...200010837416
transcription-coupled and global genome repair differentially influence uv-b-induced acute skin effects and systemic immunosuppression.exposure to uv-b radiation impairs immune responses in mammals by inhibiting especially th1-mediated contact hypersensitivity and delayed-type hypersensitivity. immunomodulation is not restricted to the exposed skin, but is also observed at distant sites, indicating the existence of mediating factors such as products from exposed skin cells or photoactivated factors present in the superficial layers. dna damage appears to play a key role, because enhanced nucleotide excision repair (ner) strongl ...200010843671
adaptive immunity and enhanced cd8+ t cell response to listeria monocytogenes in the absence of perforin and ifn-gamma.single ag-specific cd8+ t cells from ifn-gamma-deficient (gko) or perforin-deficient (pko) mice provide substantial immunity against murine infection with listeria monocytogenes. to address the potential for redundancy between perforin and ifn-gamma as cd8+ t cell effector mechanisms, we generated perforin/ifn-gamma (pko/gko) double-deficient mice. pko/gko-derived cd8+ t cells specific for the immunodominant listeriolysin o (llo91-99) epitope provide immunity to lm infection similar to that prov ...200010843700
restriction fragment differential display of pediocin-resistant listeria monocytogenes 412 mutants shows consistent overexpression of a putative beta-glucoside-specific pts system.pediocin pa-1, which is a bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria, has potential as a biopreservative of food. however, such use may lead to the development of resistance in the target organism. gene expression in two independent pediocin-resistant mutants of listeria monocytogenes 412 was compared to the original isolate by restriction fragment differential display pcr (rfdd-pcr). this method amplifies cdna restriction fragments under stringent pcr conditions, enabled by the use of specifi ...200010846216
predictive models of the combined effects of curvaticin 13, nacl and ph on the behaviour of listeria monocytogenes atcc 15313 in broth.thirty-three strains of listeria monocytogenes belonging to different serotypes were tested for their sensitivity to curvaticin 13, an antilisterial bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus curvatus sb13, using the well diffusion method in institut pasteur agar plates at 37 degrees c. no relationship between serotype and sensitivity was observed. the sensitivity of this species was strain-dependent and a large variation in tolerance to curvaticin 13 was observed. the combined effects of curvaticin ...200010849167
physicochemical surface properties of five listeria monocytogenes strains from a pork-processing environment in relation to serotypes, genotypes and growth temperature.physicochemical surface properties, related to electrostatic, van der waals and lewis acid-base interactions, of five listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from pork-processing environments were determined after two subcultures at 37 degrees c and a final culture at three temperatures: 37, 10 and 4 degrees c. three strains (lm1, lm114 and lm191) were genetically related while two were unrelated (lm25 and lm74) according to apai-macrorestriction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typin ...200010849175
solubility and antimicrobial efficacy of protamine on listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli as influenced by ph.the antimicrobial efficacy of protamine on listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli was evaluated at concentrations from 50 to 10 000 microgram ml-1 and ph levels from 5.5 to 8.0. the minimum inhibitory concentrations decreased with increasing ph. protamine inhibited e. coli at all ph values while l. monocytogenes was inhibited at ph 6.5 and above. the antimicrobial efficacy of protamine decreased in the presence of negatively charged gelatine b but remained almost unchanged with addition of ...200010849181
survey for psychrotrophic bacterial pathogens in minimally processed lettuce.a total of 120 minimally processed, cut and packaged lettuce samples were purchased from retail supermarkets or provided by a salad production facility over an 8-month period. the samples were tested for total aerobic plate counts and for the presence of potentially pathogenic species belonging to the genera of listeria, aeromonas and yersinia. the aerobic plate counts ranged from 103 to 109 colony forming units (cfu) g-1. most samples (76%) contained between 105 and 107 cfu g-1 total aerobic ba ...200010849276
a comparison of the bioscreen method and microscopy for the determination of lag times of individual cells of listeria monocytogenes.lag phase durations (tlag) of individual listeria monocytogenes cells were analysed using the nightowl molecular imaging system, and results were compared with mean individual cell lag times (tl) obtained from the detection time (td) method using bioscreen. with bioscreen, an average tl of 6.39+/-0.89 h was obtained from five separate experiments. with the nightowl method, an average tlag of 2.73+/-0.06 h was obtained from three experiments consisting of eight total replicates. lag values from t ...200010849278
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for the analysis of listeria monocytogenes infection clusters after kidney transplantation.listeria monocytogenes causes a rare, life-threatening infection in recipients of transplanted organs. we used cultures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid to characterize isolates and to distinguish cases in clusters from what might have been sporadic cases. from december 1994 to november 1995, six systemic l. monocytogenes infections occurred at our renal-transplantation unit. we confirmed the clinical diagnosis with blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures and characterized the isolates retrospect ...200010850630
treatment of listeriosis.to review the most currently accepted treatment options for the treatment of listeriosis.200010852095
survival of listeria innocua in salmon following cold-smoke application.the ability of listeria innocua to survive on salmon fillets during cold smoking in a commercial processing plant was investigated using a central composite rotatable response surface design to examine smoking temperatures in the range of 18 to 30 degrees c and a smoke time from 2 to 14 h. smoke temperature did not significantly (p < 0.05) reduce counts of l. innocua on the salmon. however, the smoking time had a significant effect on l. innocua. the smoking time was directly related to the redu ...200010852563
antibacterial mechanism of allyl isothiocyanate.allyl isothiocyanate (aitc), a natural compound in plants belonging to the family cruciferae, has been shown to have strong antimicrobial activity in liquid media as well as in its vapor form. to understand its antimicrobial mechanism, aitc was tested for bactericidal activities to salmonella montevideo, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes scott a at different stages of growth and was compared with streptomycin, penicillin g, and polymyxin b, each of known antibacterial mechanis ...200010852565
antibacterial activity of a chitooligosaccharide mixture prepared by cellulase digestion of shrimp chitosan and its application to milk preservation.the antibacterial activity of a chitooligosaccharide mixture prepared by digestion of shrimp chitosan with cellulase at 50 degrees c for 14 h was evaluated. sugars with 1 to 8 degrees of polymer (dp) were found in this chitooligosaccharide mixture, and the weight percentage of sugars with dp > or = 6 was 44.3%. minimal lethal concentrations of this mixture against aeromonas hydrophila, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae, ...200010852568
a multidrug efflux transporter in listeria monocytogenes.a chromosomal gene (mdrl) was found in listeria monocytogenes l028, showing a high degree of similarity with multidrug efflux transporters of the major facilitator superfamily (family 2). an allele-substituted mutant of this gene failed to pump out ethidium bromide and presented lower minimal inhibitory concentrations of macrolides, cefotaxime and heavy metals. this is the first multidrug efflux pump described in listeria.200010856655
survival characteristics and the applicability of predictive mathematical modelling to listeria monocytogenes growth in sous vide products.survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes isolates during sous vide processing and storage, and the applicability of predictive modelling in determining the potential for growth of l. monocytogenes in broth models and in sous vide products was investigated. l. monocytogenes grew in anaerobic tryptose phosphate broth and in chicken and beef samples by 2 log cycles in 8 days at 3 degrees c and 4-5 log cycles in 6 days at 8 degrees c. however, heating to an internal temperature of 70 degrees c ...200010857538
survival of osmotic and acid stress by listeria monocytogenes strains of clinical or meat origin.the ability of 30 listeria monocytogenes strains, 15 of meat origin and 15 of clinical origin, to use carnitine as an osmoprotectant and to resist acid stress was determined. all strains examined were able to use carnitine as an osmoprotectant, indicating the importance of this characteristic to the survival of l. monocytogenes in natural environments. clinical and meat strains, however, differed with respect to this characteristic. specifically, 73% of meat strains reached a lower maximum cell ...200010857542
combined pcr and slot blot assay for detection of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes.detection of salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay coupled with slot blot detection was investigated in this study. after being extracted from diluted bacterial culture with the extraction buffer, bacterial dna was subjected to pcr. the slot blot assay was optimized and used to detect pcr products. the lowest detection level of this method was 10(3) cfu/ml in the original culture media for both pathogens, or 5 bacterial cells in the pcr re ...200010857543
a new rapid automated method for the detection of listeria from environmental swabs and sponges.many food and meat processors test environmental swabs and sponges to confirm the absence of listeria spp. spectral pattern changes in a liquid growth medium, resulting from esculin hydrolysis by listeria in contaminated swabs and sponges, were automatically monitored by the biosys instrument in a semifluid layer (sfl). the blackening of sfl in modified mox broth resulted in sharply declining curves, which were easily detected by the instrument. the instrument detected all nine strains of lister ...200010857550
mathematical modelling of the growth rate and lag time for listeria monocytogenes.growth data for listeria monocytogenes were collected from the literature and a global model built with existing secondary models describing independently the effects of environmental factors on the growth rate and lag time was based on these data. the growth rates calculated with this model were consistent with the published ones but the fit was poor near the limits of growth of the micro-organism. the model was also less accurate to describe the lag time. it seems then that reliable prediction ...200010857924
modelling the growth rate of listeria monocytogenes with a multiplicative type model including interactions between environmental factors.a multiplicative secondary model previously published to describe independently the effects of environmental factors on the growth rate of listeria monocytogenes (augustin and carlier, 2000) was improved by taking into account interactions between these environmental factors. the proposed model allowed to decrease the rate of fail-safe growth predicted from 13.5% to 12.1% and the rate of fail-dangerous no growth predicted from 16.1% to 7.1%.200010857925
host resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection is enhanced but resistance to staphylococcus aureus infection is reduced in acute graft-versus-host disease in mice.acute graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) is characterized by the production of high levels of t helper 1 (th1)-type cytokines. bone marrow transplantation from allogeneic c57bl/6 cells to cbf(1) mice produced acute gvhd. host resistance to th1-driven listeria monocytogenes was enhanced, whereas host resistance to th2-driven staphylococcus aureus was reduced during acute gvhd. these results suggest that opposite host responses are observed between th1-driven and th2-driven bacterial infections in a ...200010858256
downmodulation of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection by gammadelta t cells cytotoxic for activated macrophages.although gammadelta t cells are involved in the regulation of inflammation after infection, their precise function is not known. intraperitoneal infection of t cell receptor (tcr)-delta(-/-) mice with the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes resulted in the development of necrotic foci in the livers. in contrast, the peritoneal cavities of infected tcr-delta(-/-) mice contained an accumulation of low density activated macrophages and a reduced percentage of macrophages undergoing apopt ...200010859339
detection of dna via an ion channel switch biosensor.detection of dna by an ion channel switch biosensor has been demonstrated in a model system, using single-stranded oligonucleotide sequences of 52-84 bases in length. two different biotinylated probes are bound, via streptavidin, either to the outer region of a gramicidin ion channel dimer or to an immobilized membrane component. the ion channels are switched off upon detection of dna containing complementary epitopes to these probes, separated by a nonbinding region, at nanomolar levels. the dn ...200010860501
cutting edge: antilisterial activity of cd8+ t cells derived from tnf-deficient and tnf/perforin double-deficient mice.the mechanisms by which cd8+ t cells mediate immunity against bacterial pathogens remain largely unknown. perforin-dependent cytolysis plays a role, but is not required for cd8+ t cell-mediated immunity against listeria monocytogenes. tnf is essential for cd8+ t cell immunity to l. monocytogenes, but the cellular source of tnf is undefined. tnf-deficient and tnf/perforin double-deficient mice were used to generate cd8+ t cells specific for an l. monocytogenes-derived ag. wild-type and tnf-defici ...200010861027
use of a ground beef model to assess the effect of the lactoperoxidase system on the growth of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus in red meat.the ability to preserve food in a state that is both appetising and nutritious is a basic requirement for health. food poisoning represents a major source of illness and loss of productivity in many developed countries. of particular concern in recent years are outbreaks of food poisoning associated with escherichia coli o157:h7 or listeria monocytogenes, many of which have been associated with the consumption of ground meat. many of the chemicals presently licensed for use as food preservatives ...200010868676
a model describing the effect of temperature history on lag time for listeria monocytogenes.a model was built to describe the influence of the temperature and the duration of pre-incubation on the lag time for regrowth of listeria monocytogenes at low temperature. this model is consistent with the usual procedure used to calculate lag times of cultures growing under fluctuating temperatures. it also describes the effect of prolonged starvation conditions on the regrowth lag time and takes into account the influence of the physiological state of inocula in predictive models.200010868678
evaluation of a monoclonal antibody able to detect live listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua.a monoclonal listeria antibody, designated b4, was evaluated. the ability of the antibody to bind to viable bacteria belonging to listeria spp. compared to bacteria of the same species killed by heat treatment, acid or base treatment, sanitizers, and irradiation was examined. the antibody was found to react with viable l. monocytogenes and l. innocua, but not with heat-killed (72 degrees c, 5 min) strains of these organisms. when l. monocytogenes and l. innocua were killed by methods other than ...200010868683
microbiologic features of adult community-acquired bacterial meningitis in taiwan.community-acquired bacterial meningitis (cabm) is a life-threatening disease that requires prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy. the purpose of this study was to determine the causative microorganisms of cabm and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns at a major teaching hospital in taipei from 1993 to 1998.200010870313
characterization of iap gene in listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in japan.variation of the iap gene region (407bp) encoding an invasion-associated protein p60 was studied on 12 strains of listeria monocytogenes of different origin in japan. these 12 strains are known to have 2 types of serotype (1/2a and 4b) and have a diversity among the strains (saito et al., 1998). the dye-primer cycle sequencing method was employed to determine the genomic structure, and the nucleotide sequences obtained were compared with those of reference strain sv 1/2a egd. differences found i ...200010872686
differences in interleukin-12 and -15 production by dendritic cells at the early stage of listeria monocytogenes infection between balb/c and c57 bl/6 mice.the mechanisms responsible for the resistance of c57bl/6 mice and for the susceptibility of balb/c mice to infection with listeria monocytogenes were studied by comparing early il-12 and il-15 production by dendritic cells (dc) after infection with l. monocytogenes. splenic dc expressing cd11b(low) and cd11c(+) obtained from c57bl/6 mice at 3 and 6 h after l. monocytogenes infection expressed higher levels of il-12 p40 mrna and il-12 p40 protein than did those from balb/c mice. concurrently, a l ...200010873304
the presence of intragenically located rep-like elements in bacillus sporothermodurans is sufficient for rep-pcr typing.the technique of repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) enables the identification and discrimination of clonally related bacillus sporothermodurans isolates from ultra-high temperature and sterilized milk. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic basis for the generation of these highly informative rep-pcr patterns. the major 947-bp rep-pcr fragment of b. sporothermodurans was cloned, together with its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. only partial homolog ...200010875282
listeria monocytogenes peritonitis: an unusual presentation and review of the literature.listeria monotogenes bacteria-ascites developed in a 73-year-old man who had cholangiocarcinoma and liver metastasis. spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) is a frequent complication in patients with chronic liver disease and ascites. l. peritonitis has been reported in only <30 cases world-wide. our patient represents a unique case of l. peritonitis without peritoneal fluid analysis consistent with spontaneous bacteria peritonitis. however, the culture of the ascitic fluid provided the final ...200010875476
[the interaction of yersinia, listeria and salmonella with plant cells].the results of the interaction of bacteria of the genera yersinia, listeria and salmonella, pathogenic for humans and animals, with callus cultures of different plant species are presented. as revealed in this study, complicated interactions developed between bacteria and plant cells. plant cells were shown to be highly sensitive to the action of bacteria. yersinia, listeria and salmonella were found to be capable of callus damage. the influence of plant cells on bacteria was more complicated: b ...200010876881
[nutrient media for the isolation and accumulation of listeria].dried culture media for the isolation and accumulation of listeria from pathological material and foodstuffs have been developed. the media are suitable for use in bacteriological and sanitary-hygienic practice. the optimum nutrient base has been selected: dried broth (from sprat hydrolysate), produced by the research and manufacturing amalgamation "culture media". the optimum concentrations of ingredients, stimulating the growth of listeria and inhibiting the growth of associated microbes, have ...200010876892
measurement of the elasticity of the actin tail of listeria monocytogenes.we report biophysical experiments performed on the bacterium listeria monocytogenes, a model system to study actin-based motility. using optical tweezers and electrophoresis experiments, we find that the bacterium is firmly attached to its tail, and we demonstrate that the tail responds as an elastic gel when deformed. we have measured its elastic modulus at a value of 10(3)-10(4) pa, which is 10 times higher than the rigidity of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. these results demonstrate that the bacte ...200010877022
gene cloning and expression and secretion of listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage-lytic enzymes in lactococcus lactis.bacteriophage lysins (ply), or endolysins, are phage-encoded cell wall lytic enzymes which are synthesized late during virus multiplication and mediate the release of progeny virions. bacteriophages of the pathogen listeria monocytogenes encode endolysin enzymes which specifically hydrolyze the cross-linking peptide bridges in listeria peptidoglycan. ply118 is a 30.8-kda l-alanoyl-d-glutamate peptidase and ply511 (36.5 kda) acts as n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase. in order to establish dairy ...200010877791
absence of a putative mannose-specific phosphotransferase system enzyme iiab component in a leucocin a-resistant strain of listeria monocytogenes, as shown by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.leucocin a is a class iia bacteriocin produced by leuconostoc spp. that has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes. a spontaneous resistant mutant of l. monocytogenes was isolated and found to be resistant to leucocin a at levels in excess of 2 mg/ml. the mutant showed no significant cross-resistance to nontype iia bacteriocins including nisaplin and esf1-7gr. however, there were no inhibition zones found on a lawn of the mutant when challenged with an extract cont ...200010877813
virulent rough filaments of listeria monocytogenes from clinical and food samples secreting wild-type levels of cell-free p60 protein.atypical rough cell filaments of listeria monocytogenes (designated fr variants), isolated from clinical and food samples, form long filaments up to 96 microm in length and demonstrated wild-type levels of adherence, invasion, and cytotoxicity to human epithelial hep-2, caco-2, and hela cells. unlike previously described avirulent rough mutants of l. monocytogenes that secrete diminished levels of the major extracellular protein p60 and that form long chains that consist of multiple cells of sim ...200010878057
a novel beta-glucoside-specific pts locus from streptococcus mutans that is not inhibited by glucose.a regulon from streptococcus mutans that plays a role in the utilization of beta-glucosides has been isolated, sequenced and subjected to sequence analysis. this regulon encodes a beta-glucoside-specific enzyme ii (eii) component (bglp) of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts) and a phospho-beta-glucosidase (bgla) which is responsible for the breakdown of the phospho-beta-glucosides within the cell. both the bglp and bgla gene products have significant similarity with ...200010878120
the arp2/3 complex branches filament barbed ends: functional antagonism with capping proteins.the arp2/3 complex is an essential regulator of actin polymerization in response to signalling and generates a dendritic array of filaments in lamellipodia. here we show that the activated arp2/3 complex interacts with the barbed ends of filaments to initiate barbed-end branching. barbed-end branching by arp2/3 quantitatively accounts for polymerization kinetics and for the length correlation of the branches of filaments observed by electron microscopy. filament branching is visualized at the su ...200010878802
exploiting the immune system: toward new vaccines against intracellular bacteria. 200010879281
amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis of listeria monocytogenes.aflp analysis using four selective primers was performed on a set of 33 listeria monocytogenes including strains from patients and foods implicated in outbreaks, human sporadic cases or foods. strains were tested belonging to serovars 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3b, and 4b. using one of the primers, the aflp technique generated 20 different sized dna fragments. the 33 cultures segregated into 14 different patterns, each comprising 7-12 different fragments. although the method was not sufficiently discrimi ...200010879987
from hot dogs to cd8+ t cells: listeria monocytogenes. 200010881333
a novel antibacterial agent derived from the c-terminal domain of streptococcus mutans gtp-binding protein.a decapeptide, p1, homologous to part of the streptococcus mutans g-protein (sgp) and the escherichia coli era protein, was synthesized and examined for growth-inhibitory effects. when p1 10 mg/l was added to e. coli dh5, the viability of the cells was reduced by 13%. addition of lauric acid enhanced the bactericidal effects of p1 (68% killing in the presence of p1 plus lauric acid). similar enhancements were observed for mono lauroyl-rac-glycerol (mlg) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds). in cult ...200010882696
intracellular staining for tnf and ifn-gamma detects different frequencies of antigen-specific cd8(+) t cells.cd8(+) t lymphocytes are important mediators of adaptive immunity against certain viral, protozoan and bacterial pathogens. activated cd8(+) t cells are able to induce cytolysis of infected cells (perforin and cd95-cd95l mediated pathways) and also elaborate cytokines, including ifn-gamma and tnf after appropriate mhc class i-peptide recognition. new technologies for the detection of antigen-specific cd8(+) t cells, including tetrameric mhc class i-peptide complexes, intracellular ifn-gamma stai ...200010758241
the clpp serine protease is essential for the intracellular parasitism and virulence of listeria monocytogenes.we identified the stress-induced clpp of listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its crucial role in intracellular survival of this pathogen. clpp is a 21.6 kda protein belonging to a family of proteases highly conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. a clpp-deleted mutant enabled us to demonstrate that clpp is involved in proteolysis and is required for growth under stress conditions. intramacrophage survival of this mutant was strongly restricted, thus resulting in loss of virulence for the mo ...200010760131
substantial in vivo proliferation of cd4(+) and cd8(+) t lymphocytes during secondary listeria monocytogenes infection.in mice listeria monocytogenes infection induces a strong t cell response. in an attempt to quantitatively analyze the magnitude and kinetics of the cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cell response during l. monocytogenes infection in vivo we used a t cell transfer system that is independent of in vitro cell culture techniques and information about the identity of immunogenic t cell epitopes. our results demonstrate substantial expansion of the in vivo primed and transferred t cell populations in response to l ...200010760793
osmotic and chill activation of glycine betaine porter ii in listeria monocytogenes membrane vesicles.listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen known for its tolerance to conditions of osmotic and chill stress. accumulation of glycine betaine has been found to be important in the organism's tolerance to both of these stresses. a procedure was developed for the purification of membranes from l. monocytogenes cells in which the putative atp-driven glycine betaine permease glycine betaine porter ii (gbu) is functional. as is the case for the l. monocytogenes sodium-driven glycine betaine uptak ...200010762257
modeling microbial survival during exposure to a lethal agent with varying intensity.traditionally, the efficacy of preservation and disinfection processes has been assessed on the basis of the assumption that microbial mortality follows a first-order kinetic. however, as departures from this assumed kinetics are quite common, various other models, based on higher-order kinetics or population balance, have also been proposed. the database for either type of models is a set of survival curves of the targeted organism or spores determined under constant conditions, that is, consta ...200010770273
development of a simple recovery-enrichment system for enhanced detection of heat-injured listeria monocytogenes in pasteurized milk.a simple anaerobic recovery-enrichment system, semisolid penn state university (sspsu) broth, that enhances recovery of heat-injured listeria monocytogenes, was rapidly achieved in 10-ml screw-capped tubes by adding bacto-agar (2.5 g/liter) and l-cysteine (0.5 g/liter) to penn state university broth. glucose was removed from the formulation for sspsu broth to prevent the growth of thermoduric lactobacilli. ferric ammonium citrate was added to sspsu broth to detect esculin hydrolysis and to indic ...200010772211
a combined discrete-continuous model describing the lag phase of listeria monocytogenes.food microbiologists generally use continuous sigmoidal functions such as the empirical gompertz equation to obtain the kinetic parameters specific growth rate (mu) and lag phase duration (lambda) from bacterial growth curves. this approach yields reliable information on mu; however, values for lambda are difficult to determine accurately due, in part, to our poor understanding of the physiological events taking place during adaptation of cells to new environments. existing models also assume a ...200010777067
the use of immuno-magnetic separation (ims) as a tool in a sample preparation method for direct detection of l. monocytogenes in cheese.a sample preparation procedure was developed for direct detection of l. monocytogenes in cheese. the sample preparation protocol consisted of a 10-fold dilution and homogenization, a centrifugation step to precipitate large food particles, passage of the supernatant over a sieve and through a separatory funnel to further eliminate food particles and fat, a centrifugation step to recover the bacterial pellet and finally enzymatic digestion of the suspension to degrade the remaining small food par ...200010777071
specific binding of recombinant listeria monocytogenes p60 protein to caco-2 cells.the listeria monocytogenes p60 is a major extracellular protein, which is believed to be involved in the invasion of these bacteria into their host cells. so far the mechanism by which p60 participates in the internalization or penetration of l. monocytogenes is still veiled. to determine the possibility of a direct interaction of p60 with the host cell surface, the iap gene was recombinantly expressed in escherichia coli and used for binding studies with the enterocyte-like caco-2 cells. fluore ...200010779709
smoking decreases alveolar macrophage function during anesthesia and surgery.smoking changes numerous alveolar macrophage functions and is one of the most important risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications. the current study tested the hypothesis that smoking impairs antimicrobial and proinflammatory responses in alveolar macrophages during anesthesia and surgery.200010781271
an outbreak of febrile gastroenteritis associated with corn contaminated by listeria monocytogenes.on may 21, 1997, numerous cases of febrile gastrointestinal illness were reported among the students and staff of two primary schools in northern italy, all of whom had eaten at cafeterias served by the same caterer.200010781619
listeria meningitis in children: report of two cases.we report two cases of meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes in children. the first patient was a healthy 14-month-old boy and the second patient a 3-year-old girl with byler disease which, however, is not reported as a predisposing factor for listeriosis. we present these cases because listeria infection, although common in neonates, is extremely infrequent during infancy and childhood.200010782402
[investigation of listeria monocytogenes in soft cheeses].listeria monocytogenes has been recognized as a bacteria that produces severe illness in animals and humans. considering the importance of the presence of l. monocytogenes in soft paste cheeses, a study of diverse cheeses from supermarkets of direct sale to the public was carried out. from the 35 analyzed cheeses, 4 strains were isolated (11.4%). the result of the serological study showed that all the strains corresponded to the serotype 4. the proteic profiles of the isolated strains showed sim ...200010785944
immobilization with metal hydroxides as a means to concentrate food-borne bacteria for detection by cultural and molecular methods.the application of nucleic acid amplification methods to the detection of food-borne pathogens could be facilitated by concentrating the organisms from the food matrix before detection. this study evaluated the utility of metal hydroxide immobilization for the concentration of bacterial cells from dairy foods prior to detection by cultural and molecular methods. using reconstituted nonfat dry milk (nfdm) as a model, two food-borne pathogens (listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar ...200010788338
acid responses of listeria monocytogenes.the acid response and the correlated protein synthesis in listeria monocytogenes were studied. the lowest ph value which l. monocytogenes could resist was dependent on the strain and the kind of acid used. previous adaptation to an intermediary ph augmented bacterial resistance to a subsequent lethal acidic ph. the acid tolerance was also growth phase dependent. organic volatile acids exerted a more deleterious effect on l. monocytogenes than inorganic acids, because weak acids infer a lower int ...200010791729
mechanism of action of pulsed high electric field (phef) on the membranes of food-poisoning bacteria is an 'all-or-nothing' effect.salmonella typhimurium (cra 1005) was more sensitive than listeria monocytogenes (nctc 11994) to pulsed high electric field (phef) treatment in distilled water (10, 15 and 20 kv/cm), 10 mm tris-maleate buffer ph 7.4 (15 kv/cm) and model beef broth (0.75% w/v: 15 kv/cm). sublethal injury could not be detected using a selective medium plating technique, indicating that bacterial inactivation by phef may be an 'all-or-nothing' event. phef-induced membrane permeabilization resulted in increased uv-l ...200010791731
proteins variations in listeria monocytogenes exposed to high salinities.listeria monocytogenes scott a grown in the minimal chemically defined medium m6lt was challenged to a concentration of either 35 or 65 g l(-1) of nacl for 1 h in the presence of a [35s]cysteine-[35s]methionine labelling mix. the protein patterns were analysed by 2d-electrophoresis in the two conditions and isoosmotic condition (5 g l(-1) of nacl in m6lt). a great number of proteins which were synthesized under isoosmotic conditions were either completely repressed or expressed at a reduced leve ...200010791735
modelling the growth of listeria monocytogenes in dynamic conditions.a recurrent neural network for the prediction of listeria monocytogenes growth under ph and a(w) variable conditions was developed. the use of this model offered the possibility to take into account the consequences of the variations of the factors on l. monocytogenes growth. the effects of solutions, such as nacl, acetic acid and naoh, and their interactions on the response of l. monocytogenes cells were studied. furthermore, the results showed the capacity of the recurrent neural network to pr ...200010791744
production of a nisin-like bacteriocin by lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis a164 isolated from kimchi.lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis a164 was isolated from kimchi (korean traditional fermented vegetables). the bacteriocin produced by strain a164 was active against closely related lactic acid bacteria and some food-borne pathogens including staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium. the antimicrobial spectrum was nearly identical to that of nisin. bacteriocin activity was not destroyed by exposure to elevated temperatures at low ph values, but the activity was los ...200010792514
limitation of adhesion and growth of listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel surfaces by staphylococcus sciuri biofilms.the adhesion and subsequent development of listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel was studied in the absence and in the presence of a staphylococcus sciuri biofilm. in the three growth media studied, the percentage of adherent cells was reduced to nearly the same extent by the presence of 1-day biofilms of staph. sciuri for the two strains of l. monocytogenes studied. one-day biofilms of staph. sciuri exhibited the same exopolysaccharide content per square centimetre, although they colonized ...200010792517
thermal inactivation of listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica in minced beef under laboratory conditions and in sous-vide prepared minced and solid beef cooked in a commercial retort.d-values were obtained for listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica at 50, 55 and 60 degrees c in vacuum-packed minced beef samples heated in a laboratory water-bath. the experiment was repeated using vacutainers, which allowed heating of the beef to the desired temperature before inoculation. d-values of between 0.15 and 36.1 min were obtained for l. monocytogenes. pre-heating the beef samples significantly affected (p < 0.05) the d60 value only. d-values for y. enterocolitica ranged ...200010792520
improved detection of listeria monocytogenes in soft mould-ripened cheese.in comparison with standard methods, enrichment in half-fraser broth for 24 h at 30 degrees c, followed by plating out onto listeria monocytogenes blood agar (lmba) and palcam medium combined with an additional streak proved to be the most rapid and specific method for the detection of indigenous l. monocytogenes populations from soft mould-ripened cheese. this procedure, with a high sensitivity (93%) and a low detection limit (1-10 cfu 25 g-1), provided negative and presumptive positive results ...200010792548
treatment of sanitary-important bacteria by bacteriocin substance v24 in cattle dung water.quantification of sanitary-important bacteria (e.g. enterobacteriaceae), as well as indicators of environmental contamination, was assessed in samples of cattle dung from 25 cattle farms in 15 north-eastern slovakia districts. the inhibitory effect of crude bacteriocin extract cbe v24 from enterococcus faecalis v24 against listeria monocytogenes ohio and yersinia enterocolitica ye85 was examined in cattle dung water with the aim of finding a new way of eliminating the health risk of the animal s ...200010792671
prfa mediates specific binding of rna polymerase of listeria monocytogenes to prfa-dependent virulence gene promoters resulting in a transcriptionally active complex.there is accumulating evidence that the coordinate transcription of the virulence genes in listeria monocytogenes constitutes a very complex regulation mechanism which might require other factors in addition to prfa. we previously described an unknown proteinaceous component from crude bacterial cell extracts, which, together with prfa, formed a specific complex (ci) in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (emsa) with an hly promoter probe. here we identify the rna polymerase (rnap) of l. monoc ...200010792734
the use of listeriolysin to identify in vivo induced genes in the gram-positive intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is capable of growth within the cytoplasm of infected host cells. escape from the host cell phagosome is mediated primarily through secretion of listeriolysin, a haemolytic factor which functions to actively lyse the phagosomal membrane. listeriolysin negative mutants of l. monocytogenes are non-haemolytic on blood agar plates and demonstrate a significant reduction of virulence in the mouse model of infection. we have developed a system for the identification of in vivo i ...200010792735
characterization of the interaction between zyxin and members of the ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein family of proteins.zyxin contains a proline-rich n-terminal domain that is similar to the c-terminal domain in the acta protein of the bacteria, listeria monocytogenes. we screened the entire amino acid sequence of human zyxin for mena-interacting peptides and found that, as with acta, proline-rich sequences were the sole zyxin sequences capable of binding to ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (vasp) family members in vitro. from this information, we tested zyxin mutants in which the proline-rich sequences ...200010801818
high susceptibility to bacterial infection, but no liver dysfunction, in mice compromised for hepatocyte nf-kappab activation.based on the essential involvement of nf-kappab in immune and inflammatory responses and its apoptosis-rescue function in normal and malignant cells, inhibitors of this transcription factor are potential therapeutics for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, from bronchial asthma to cancer. yet, given the essential function of nf-kappab in the embryonic liver, it is important to determine its necessity in the liver beyond embryogenesis. nf-kappab is normally retained in the cytoplasm by its ...200010802715
the trophoblast is a component of the innate immune system during pregnancy.systemic infection with listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive intracellular bacterium, has been used extensively to analyze the innate immune response. macrophages are central to this response, acting as both the host for and principal defense against this bacterium. during pregnancy l. monocytogenes has a predilection for replication at the maternal-placental interface and consequently is an important cause of fetal morbidity and mortality. however, macrophages are mostly excluded from the mu ...200010802718
growth condition-related response of listeria monocytogenes 412 to bacteriocin inactivation.bacteriocin inactivation of listeria monocytogenes 412 was studied as a function of growth phase. cells were treated with nisin (300 iu ml-1) or pediocin (320 or 2560 au ml-1) for 20 min at 30 degrees c. inactivation with nisin or the low concentration of pediocin was growth phase dependent, with exponentially growing cells being more susceptible than stationary cells. no effect of growth phase was observed for the high pediocin concentration. pediocin inactivation (320 au ml-1) of l. monocytoge ...200010886618
development of a direct viable count procedure for the investigation of vbnc state in listeria monocytogenes.a viable but non-culturable (vbnc) bacterial state was originally detected in studies in environmental microbiology. in particular, this state has been demonstrated for a number of human pathogens (escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, vibrio cholerae, legionella pneumophila and campylobacter jejuni). the presence of vbnc cells poses a major public health problem since they cannot be detected by traditional culturing methods and the cells remain potentially pathogenic under favourable condit ...200010886620
kombucha fermentation and its antimicrobial activity.kombucha was prepared in a tea broth (0.5% w/v) supplemented with sucrose (10% w/v) by using a commercially available starter culture. the ph decreased steadily from 5 to 2.5 during the fermentation while the weight of the "tea fungus" and the od of the tea broth increased through 4 days of the fermentation and remained fairly constant thereafter. the counts of acetic acid-producing bacteria and yeasts in the broth increased up to 4 days of fermentation and decreased afterward. the antimicrobial ...200010888589
rapid detection of low levels of listeria in foods and next-day confirmation of l. monocytogenes.outbreaks of foodborne listeriosis caused by listeria monocytogenes in recent years, and the high mortality rate associated with listeriosis, have raised the need for reliable and rapid detection of the pathogen. a simple, automated method was developed for the detection of listeria organisms in foods. it consists of a 6-h pre-enrichment step followed by overnight incubation in selective broth at 35 degrees c. changes in light transmittance in the selective broth are registered continuously by a ...200010889308
a colony lift immunoassay for the specific identification and quantification of listeria monocytogenes.a colony lift immunoassay (cli) has been developed to detect listeria monocytogenes after the organisms have been cultured on filter membranes or agar plates. polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (pvdf) (millipore, bedford, ma), used in the cli, were prewet with methanol and used to imprint colonies that were grown on the filter or agar plates. a positive control was applied to the edge of each membrane. the imprinted membranes were subsequently air dried, peroxidase neutralized, blocked, and react ...200010889311
roles of endogenous cytokines in liver apoptosis of mice in lethal listeria monocytogenes infection.various bacterial pathogens have been identified as mediators of apoptosis. apoptosis reportedly shows both detrimental and beneficial effects on biological functions. we studied the role of liver apoptosis in lethal listeria monocytogenes infection and the regulation of apoptosis by endogenous cytokines during infection. apoptosis was observed in the spleen but not in the liver of infected mice, whereas the induction of liver necrosis was evident by rising levels of serum aminotransferases in t ...200010891658
negative regulation of fibroblast motility by ena/vasp proteins.ena/vasp proteins have been implicated in cell motility through regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and are found at focal adhesions and the leading edge. using overexpression, loss-of-function, and inhibitory approaches, we find that ena/vasp proteins negatively regulate fibroblast motility. a dose-dependent decrease in movement is observed when ena/vasp proteins are overexpressed in fibroblasts. neutralization or deletion of all ena/vasp proteins results in increased cell movement. selective ...200010892743
listeria spp. in broiler flocks: recovery rates and species distribution investigated by conventional culture and the eiafoss method.the occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in samples from broiler houses and cloacal swabs taken at the abattoir was investigated. an automated immunobased method (eiafoss) was used, and 42 samples were also analysed by conventional culture; both methods were based on a two-step selective enrichment using chr.4.17; fraser and fraser broths. l. monocytogenes was isolated from two of 71 broiler flocks, yielding an estimated flock prevalence of 3%. the flock prevalence of l. inocua was estimated to ...200010898468
immunity to listeria infection.infection with listeria monocytogenes is a well studied model for understanding host resistance to intracellular bacteria. recent advances in the study of listeria have carefully quantitated the response of cd8(+) t cells to infection and analyzed the effector functions of these cells in vivo. a surprising role for antibody in mediating resistance to listeria has also recently emerged, providing new insight into the mechanisms of host defense.200010899025
adaptive immunity against listeria monocytogenes in the absence of type i tumor necrosis factor receptor p55.tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and the type i tnf receptor (tnfri), p55, are critical for resistance against primary infections with the intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes. importantly, however, susceptibility to primary listeriosis in cytokine-deficient mice does not preclude the development or expression of effective adaptive immunity against virulent l. monocytogenes. we used tnfri(-/-) mice to study adaptive antilisterial immunity in the absence of interactions between tnf ...200010899844
interleukin-10 has different effects on proliferation of listeria monocytogenes in livers and spleens of mice.the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interleukin-10 (il-10) on the course of listeria monocytogenes infection in naive and immune mice. treatment with il-10 during the course of a primary infection significantly decreased the number of bacteria in the spleen and did not affect the number in the liver. during a secondary infection in immune mice treated with il-10, the number of bacteria was significantly lower in the spleen but significantly higher in the liver in comparison to ...200010899871
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