Publications

erratum for nazik et al., effects of iron chelators on the formation and development of aspergillus fumigatus biofilm.		2015	26464401
production and characterization of two major aspergillus oryzae secreted prolyl endopeptidases able to efficiently digest proline-rich peptides of gliadin.	prolyl endopeptidases are key enzymes in the digestion of proline-rich proteins. fungal extracts rich in prolyl endopeptidases produced by a species such as aspergillus oryzae used in food fermentation would be of particular interest for the development of an oral enzyme therapy product in patients affected by intolerance to gluten. two major a. oryzae secreted prolyl endopeptidases of the merops s28 peptidase family, aos28a and aos28b, were identified when this fungus was grown at acidic ph in ...	2015	26464108
in vitro biochemical study of cyp51-mediated azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus.	the incidence of triazole-resistant aspergillus infections is increasing worldwide, often mediated through mutations in the cyp51a amino acid sequence. new classes of azole-based drugs are required to combat the increasing resistance to existing triazole therapeutics. in this study, a cyp51 reconstitution assay is described consisting of eburicol, purified recombinant aspergillus fumigatus cpr1 (afcpr1), and escherichia coli membrane suspensions containing recombinant a. fumigatus cyp51 proteins ...	2015	26459890
antifungal activity of selenium nanoparticles synthesized by bacillus species msh-1 against aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans.	fungal infections affect various parts of the body and can be difficult to treat. aspergillus infection causes a spectrum of diverse diseases particularly in lung according to host immunity. the two major entities are invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. candida infections can be superficial or invasive. superficial infections often affect the skin or mucous membranes. however, invasive fungal infections are often life-threatening. advances in nanotechnology have ...	2015	26495111
etiologic agents of otomycosis in the north-western area of iran.	otomycosis is a superficial fungal infection often involves the pinna and external auditory canal. it is a pathologic condition, with candida and aspergillus, the most common fungal species. it is common worldwide but more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries.	2015	26495108
the fungal exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan mediates virulence by enhancing resistance to neutrophil extracellular traps.	of the over 250 aspergillus species, aspergillus fumigatus accounts for up to 80% of invasive human infections. a. fumigatus produces galactosaminogalactan (gag), an exopolysaccharide composed of galactose and n-acetyl-galactosamine (galnac) that mediates adherence and is required for full virulence. less pathogenic aspergillus species were found to produce gag with a lower galnac content than a. fumigatus and expressed minimal amounts of cell wall-bound gag. increasing the galnac content of gag ...	2015	26492565
development of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in adult asthmatics with abpa.	chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (cpa) is an occasional complication of allergic bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis (abpa) but the transition is poorly understood.	2015	26507434
the production mechanism and immunosuppression effect of pulmonary surfactant protein d via toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway in human corneal epithelial cells during aspergillus fumigatus infection.	to observe the production mechanism of surfactant protein d (sp-d) in human corneal epithelial cells (hcecs) when infected by aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) hyphae, and explore whether sp-d can inhibit the cell activations through toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway during fungal infection.	2015	26507163
in vivo synergy of amphotericin b plus posaconazole in murine aspergillosis.	aspergillus fumigatus is the main mold causing invasive fungal infection that shows high mortality rates. therapeutic failure and the increase in drug resistance make it necessary to explore alternative treatments for this infection. we have evaluated the efficacy of amphotericin b at 0.8 mg/kg or 0.3 mg/kg of body weight combined with 40 mg/kg of posaconazole against three a. fumigatus isolates in a murine model of disseminated infection. the combination of the polyene and the azole led to a gr ...	2015	26503653
pharmacodynamics of isavuconazole in a dynamic in vitro model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.	isavuconazonium sulfate is a novel triazole prodrug that has been recently approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis by the fda. the active moiety (isavuconazole) has a broad spectrum of activity against many pathogenic fungi. this study utilized a dynamic in vitro model of the human alveolus to describe the pharmacodynamics of isavuconazole against two wild-type and two previously defined azole-resistant isolates of aspergillus fumigatus. a human-like concentration-time profile for i ...	2015	26503648
the mycobiota of air inside and outside the meju fermentation room and the origin of meju fungi.	the fungi on meju are known to play an important role as degrader of macromolecule of soybeans. in order to elucidate the origin of fungi on traditional meju, mycobiota of the air both inside and outside traditional meju fermentation rooms was examined. from 11 samples of air collected from inside and outside of 7 meju fermentation rooms, 37 genera and 90 species of fungi were identified. in outside air of the fermentation room, cladosporium sp. and cladosporium cladosporioides were the dominant ...	2015	26539041
transcription factor soma is required for adhesion, development and virulence of the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus.	the transcription factor flo8/som1 controls filamentous growth in saccharomyces cerevisiae and virulence in the plant pathogen magnaporthe oryzae. flo8/som1 includes a characteristic n-terminal lug/luh-flo8-single-stranded dna binding (lufs) domain and is activated by the camp dependent protein kinase a signaling pathway. heterologous soma from aspergillus fumigatus rescued in yeast flo8 mutant strains several phenotypes including adhesion or flocculation in haploids and pseudohyphal growth in d ...	2015	26529322
quantitative analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism for rapid detection of tr34/l98h- and tr46/y121f/t289a-positive aspergillus fumigatus isolates obtained from patients in iran from 2010 to 2014.	we employed an endpoint genotyping method to update the prevalence rate of positivity for the tr34/l98h mutation (a 34-bp tandem repeat mutation in the promoter region of the cyp51a gene in combination with a substitution at codon l98) and the tr46/y121f/t289a mutation (a 46-bp tandem repeat mutation in the promoter region of the cyp51a gene in combination with substitutions at codons y121 and t289) among clinical aspergillus fumigatus isolates obtained from different regions of iran over a rece ...	2015	26525787
endoperoxide formation by an α-ketoglutarate-dependent mononuclear non-haem iron enzyme.	many peroxy-containing secondary metabolites have been isolated and shown to provide beneficial effects to human health. yet, the mechanisms of most endoperoxide biosyntheses are not well understood. although endoperoxides have been suggested as key reaction intermediates in several cases, the only well-characterized endoperoxide biosynthetic enzyme is prostaglandin h synthase, a haem-containing enzyme. fumitremorgin b endoperoxidase (ftmox1) from aspergillus fumigatus is the first reported α-ke ...	2015	26524521
antifungal activity of myriocin on clinically relevant aspergillus fumigatus strains producing biofilm.	the human pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus is able to form a complex biofilm embedded in extracellular matrix. biofilms confer antimicrobial resistance and it is well known that aspergillosis is often refractory to the conventional antifungal therapy. the treatment of biofilm-related infections poses a significant clinical challenge on a daily basis, promoting the search for new therapeutic agents. our aim was to exploit the modulation of sphingolipid mediators as new therapeutic target to ...	2015	26519193
single-tube pcr coupled with mini-sequencing assay for the detection of cyp51a and cyp51b polymorphisms in aspergillus fumigatus.	triazole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus is associated with mutations in cyp51 genes, therefore, a single-tube multiplex pcr was proposed for rapid detection of such mutations.	2015	26515651
lipid production in association of filamentous fungi with genetically modified cyanobacterial cells.	numerous strategies have evolved recently for the generation of genetically modified or synthetic microalgae and cyanobacteria designed for production of ethanol, biodiesel and other fuels. in spite of their obvious attractiveness there are still a number of challenges that can affect their economic viability: the high costs associated with (1) harvesting, which can account for up to 50 % of the total biofuel's cost, (2) nutrients supply and (3) oil extraction. fungal-assisted bio-flocculation o ...	2015	26550031
an antifungal combination matrix identifies a rich pool of adjuvant molecules that enhance drug activity against diverse fungal pathogens.	there is an urgent need to identify new treatments for fungal infections. by combining sub-lethal concentrations of the known antifungals fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin b, terbinafine, benomyl, and cyprodinil with ∼3,600 compounds in diverse fungal species, we generated a deep reservoir of chemical-chemical interactions termed the antifungal combinations matrix (acm). follow-up susceptibility testing against a fluconazole-resistant isolate of c. albicans unveiled acm combinations capable ...	2015	26549450
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis preceding allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.	a 61-year-old chinese man with long-standing, stable eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (egpa) and asthma, presented with acute hypoxemia and declining obstructive pulmonary function. elevated serum ige levels, positive aspergillus fumigatus specific ige and ct findings of central bronchiectasis with small airway mucoid impaction confirmed new development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa). the maintenance therapy for egpa, azathioprine, was discontinued. prednisolone 0 ...	2015	26549342
[invasive aspergillosis accompanied by a subcutaneous nodular lesion].	we report herein on a case of invasive aspergillosis accompanied by a subcutaneous nodular lesion. a 74-years-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome was hospitalized due to high fever and a painful subcutaneous nodule on the left thigh. chest radiography and ct scans showed multiple nodular lesions of both lungs, and bacterial pneumonia was initially suspected. he was treated with meropenem, but the symptoms did not subside. three days after admission, we found that β-d-glucan levels were elevat ...	2015	26552133
differential support of aspergillus fumigatus morphogenesis by yeast and human actins.	the actin cytoskeleton is highly conserved among eukaryotes and is essential for cellular processes regulating growth and differentiation. in fungi, filamentous actin (f-actin) orchestrates hyphal tip structure and extension via organization of exocytic and endocytic processes at the hyphal tip. although highly conserved, there are key differences among actins of fungal species as well as between mammalian and fungal actins. for example, the f-actin stabilizing molecules, phalloidin and jasplaki ...	2015	26555617
azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus clinical isolates from an italian culture collection.	the aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of azole resistance among aspergillus fumigatus clinical isolates. a total of 533 clinical isolates that had been collected between 1995 and 2006, from 441 patients, were screened. no resistance was detected in isolates collected between 1995 and 1997. starting in 1998, the resistance rate was 6.9%; a total of 24 patients (6.25%) harbored a resistant isolate. the tr34/l98h substitution was found in 21 of 30 tested isolates.	2015	26552980
augmenting the activity of monoterpenoid phenols against fungal pathogens using 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde that target cell wall integrity.	disruption of cell wall integrity system should be an effective strategy for control of fungal pathogens. to augment the cell wall disruption efficacy of monoterpenoid phenols (carvacrol, thymol), antimycotic potency of benzaldehyde derivatives that can serve as chemosensitizing agents were evaluated against strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type (wt), slt2δ and bck1δ (mutants of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and mapk kinase kinase, respectively, in the cell wall integrity p ...	2015	26569223
a comparative treatment study of intravitreal voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin b in an aspergillus fumigatus endophthalmitis model.	to compare the effects of voriconazole (vcz) and liposomal amphotericin b (amp-b) in an experimental model of aspergillus fumigatus endophthalmitis.	2015	26574795
rnaseq analysis of aspergillus fumigatus in blood reveals a just wait and see resting stage behavior.	invasive aspergillosis is started after germination of aspergillus fumigatus conidia that are inhaled by susceptible individuals. fungal hyphae can grow in the lung through the epithelial tissue and disseminate hematogenously to invade into other organs. low fungaemia indicates that fungal elements do not reside in the bloodstream for long.	2015	26311470
design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel thienopyrrolidone derivatives with strong antifungal activity against aspergillus fumigates.	in order to further enhance the anti-aspergillus efficacy of our previously discovered antifungal lead compounds (i), two series of novel azoles featuring thieno[2,3-c]pyrrolidone and thieno[3,2-c]pyrrolidone nuclei were designed and evaluated for their in vitro activity on the basis of the binding mode of albaconazole using molecular docking, along with sars of antifungal triazoles. most of target compounds exhibited excellent activity against candida and cryptococcus spp., with mic values in t ...	2015	26310892
[allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a report of four cases with literature review].	to understand the clinical characteristics of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) so as to diagnose and treat the disease earlier.	2015	26310647
dectin-1 agonist curdlan modulates innate immunity to aspergillus fumigatus in human corneal epithelial cells.	to explore the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan on innate immune responses against aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) in cultured human corneal epithelial cells (hcecs), and whether c-type lectin receptor dectin-1 mediates the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan.	2015	26309863
nanoscale biophysical properties of the cell surface galactosaminogalactan from the fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus.	many fungal pathogens produce cell surface polysaccharides that play essential roles in host-pathogen interactions. in aspergillus fumigatus, the newly discovered polysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (gag) mediates adherence to a variety of substrates through molecular mechanisms that are poorly understood. here we use atomic force microscopy to unravel the localization and adhesion of gag on living fungal cells. using single-molecule imaging with tips bearing anti-gag antibodies, we found that ...	2015	26308550
characterization of an n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase involved in aspergillus fumigatus zwitterionic glycoinositolphosphoceramide biosynthesis.	glycoinositolphosphoceramides (gipcs) are complex sphingolipids present at the plasma membrane of various eukaryotes with the important exception of mammals. in fungi, these glycosphingolipids commonly contain an α-mannose residue (man) linked at position 2 of the inositol. however, several pathogenic fungi additionally synthesize zwitterionic gipcs carrying an α-glucosamine residue (glcn) at this position. in the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus, the glcnα1,2ipc core (where ipc is inositolp ...	2015	26306635
integrated inference and evaluation of host-fungi interaction networks.	fungal microorganisms frequently lead to life-threatening infections. within this group of pathogens, the commensal candida albicans and the filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus are by far the most important causes of invasive mycoses in europe. a key capability for host invasion and immune response evasion are specific molecular interactions between the fungal pathogen and its human host. experimentally validated knowledge about these crucial interactions is rare in literature and even spec ...	2015	26300851
an in vitro and in vivo study on the synergistic effect and mechanism of itraconazole or voriconazole alone and in combination with tetrandrine against aspergillus fumigatus.	in this study, we investigated the in vitro antifungal effects of itraconazole/voriconazole (itr/vrc) alone and in combination with tetrandrine (tet) against 23 clinical isolates of a. fumigatus using a chequerboard microdilution method. the dynamic antifungal effects of tet with itr/vrc against a. fumigatus were assessed in vivo using time-kill curves following systemic infection of mice with a. fumigatus. after treatment, efflux pump activity was determined by the efflux of rhodamine 6g (r6g). ...	2015	26296880
the aspergillus fumigatus pkca g579r mutant is defective in the activation of the cell wall integrity pathway but is dispensable for virulence in a neutropenic mouse infection model.	aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human pathogen, which causes the life-threatening disease, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. in fungi, cell wall homeostasis is controlled by the conserved cell wall integrity (cwi) pathway. in a. fumigatus this signaling cascade is partially characterized, but the mechanisms by which it is activated are not fully elucidated. in this study we investigated the role of protein kinase c (pkca) in this signaling cascade. our results suggest that pkca is an e ...	2015	26295576
investigating the presence of fungal agents in febrile neutropenic patients using different microbiological, serological, and molecular methods.	this study aimed to investigate fungal agents in febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. direct microscopy and cultures were performed on clinical samples collected from febrile neutropenic episodes. the galactomannan (gm) antigen was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in consecutive serum samples. of the 199 episodes investigated ...	2015	26295293
soluble collectin-12 (cl-12) is a pattern recognition molecule initiating complement activation via the alternative pathway.	soluble defense collagens including the collectins play important roles in innate immunity. recently, a new member of the collectin family named collectin-12 (cl-12 or cl-p1) has been identified. cl-12 is highly expressed in umbilical cord vascular endothelial cells as a transmembrane receptor and may recognize certain bacteria and fungi, leading to opsonophagocytosis. however, based on its structural and functional similarities with soluble collectins, we hypothesized the existence of a fluid-p ...	2015	26290605
genesis of azole antifungal resistance from agriculture to clinical settings.	azole fungal resistance is becoming a major public health problem in medicine in recent years. however, it was known in agriculture since several decades; the extensive use of these compounds results in contamination of air, plants, and soil. the increasing frequency of life-threatening fungal infections and the increase of prophylactical use of azoles in high-risk patients, taken together with the evolutionary biology evidence that drug selection pressure is an important factor for the emergenc ...	2015	26289797
allergic inflammation in aspergillus fumigatus-induced fungal asthma.	although fungi are pervasive in many environments, few cause disease in humans. of these, aspergillus fumigatus is particularly well suited to be a pathogen of the human lung. its physical and biological characteristics combine to provide an organism that can cause tremendous morbidity and high mortality if left unchecked. luckily, that is rarely the case. however, repeated exposure to inhaled a. fumigatus spores often results in an immune response that carries significant immunopathology, exace ...	2015	26288940
international expert opinion on the management of infection caused by azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus.	an international expert panel was convened to deliberate the management of azole-resistant aspergillosis. in culture-positive cases, in vitro susceptibility testing should always be performed if antifungal therapy is intended. different patterns of resistance are seen, with multi-azole and pan-azole resistance more common than resistance to a single triazole. in confirmed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis due to an azole-resistant aspergillus, the experts recommended a switch from voriconazole to ...	2015	26282594
emergence of tr46/y121f/t289a in an aspergillus fumigatus isolate from a chinese patient.		2015	26282417
disulphide-reduced psoriasin is a human apoptosis-inducing broad-spectrum fungicide.	the unexpected resistance of psoriasis lesions to fungal infections suggests local production of an antifungal factor. we purified trichophyton rubrum-inhibiting activity from lesional psoriasis scale extracts and identified the cys-reduced form of s100a7/psoriasin (reds100a7) as a principal antifungal factor. reds100a7 inhibits various filamentous fungi, including the mold aspergillus fumigatus, but not candida albicans. antifungal activity was inhibited by zn(2+), suggesting that reds100a7 int ...	2015	26438863
sensitization to fungal allergens: resolved and unresolved issues.	exposure and sensitization to fungal allergens can promote the development and worsening of allergic diseases. although numerous species of fungi have been associated with allergic diseases in the literature, the significance of fungi from the genera alternaria, cladosporium, penicillium, aspergillus, and malassezia has been well documented. however, it should be emphasized that the contribution of different fungal allergens to allergic diseases is not identical, but species-specific. alternaria ...	2015	26433528
[resistant fungi].	particularly in the area of hematology/oncology and intensive care medicine, infections due to resistant fungi are to be expected. emergence of resistance in fungi is a less dynamic process than in bacteria; it can, however, have an equally important impact on treatment strategies. in the following article, the most important resistance patterns of yeasts and molds (candida albicans , aspergillus fumigatus, the order mucorales and the genus fusarium) will be presented and discussed. their diagno ...	2015	26432089
role of dectin-1 in the innate immune response of rat corneal epithelial cells to aspergillus fumigatus.	to observe dectin-1 expression in fungal keratitis on rat models and to determine the role of dectin-1 in innate immune response to aspergillus fumigatus.	2015	26427623
growth of paecilomyces variotii in b0 (diesel), b100 (biodiesel) and b7 (blend), degradation and molecular detection.	the introduction of biodiesel to diesel may allow the fuel to be more susceptible to microorganism growth, especially during incorrect storage. to evaluate the effect of adding biodiesel in pure diesel on the growth of paecilomyces variotii, microcosms containing pure diesel (b0), blend diesel/biodiesel (b7) and pure biodiesel (b100) were used. in microcosm with minimal mineral medium and b0, b7 or b100, after 60 days, the biomass (dry weight) formed at interface oil-water in b7 and b100 was sig ...	2015	26421768
fitness studies of azole-resistant strains of aspergillus fumigatus.	isogenic bar-coded strains of aspergillus fumigatus carrying the g54w or m220k mutation in cyp51a were constructed. in vitro, the growth and conidiation capacities of the mutants were similar to those of the parental strain. competition studies in the absence of azoles showed that there was no adverse fitness cost for the azole-resistant a. fumigatus strains in vitro or in vivo compared to the parental strain.	2015	26416854
immunochemical analysis of fumigaclavine mycotoxins in respiratory tissues and in blood serum of birds with confirmed aspergillosis.	the ergoline alkaloid fumigaclavine a (fua) is one of the major mycotoxins produced by aspergillus fumigatus, the main causative fungal agent of avian aspergillosis. to study in situ production of fua, post-mortem respiratory tissues of various avian species, as well as blood samples of falcons (falco sp.), were analysed by enzyme immunoassay (eia). at a detection limit of 1.5 ng/ml, fua eia positive results were obtained for tissue samples from seven (64%) out of 11 birds with confirmed aspergi ...	2015	26388046
azole resistance in canine and feline isolates of aspergillus fumigatus.	azole resistance is an emerging cause of treatment failure in humans with aspergillosis. the aim of this study was to determine if azole resistance is emerging in aspergillus fumigatus isolates from canine and feline sino-nasal aspergillosis cases. susceptibilities of isolates collected between 1988 and 2014 from 46 dogs and 4 cats to itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole were assessed using sensititre yeastone microdilution trays; and to enilconazole and clotrim ...	2015	26387063
hypoxia-inducible factor 1α modulates metabolic activity and cytokine release in anti-aspergillus fumigatus immune responses initiated by human dendritic cells.	the mold aspergillus fumigatus causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. over the past decade, new findings in research have improved our understanding of a. fumigatus-host interactions, including the recent identification of myeloid-expressed hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (hif-1α) as a relevant immune-modulating transcription factor and potential therapeutic target in anti-fungal defense. however, the function of hif-1α signaling for human anti-a. fumigatus immunity is sti ...	2015	26387061
contribution to catalysis of ornithine binding residues in ornithine n5-monooxygenase.	the sida ornithine n5-monooxygenase from aspergillus fumigatus is a flavin monooxygenase that catalyzes the nadph-dependent hydroxylation of ornithine. herein we report a mutagenesis study targeting four residues that contact ornithine in crystal structures of sida: lys107, asn293, asn323, and ser469. mutation of lys107 to ala abolishes activity as measured in steady-state oxygen consumption and ornithine hydroxylation assays, indicating that the ionic interaction of lys107 with the carboxylate ...	2015	26375201
different stress-induced calcium signatures are reported by aequorin-mediated calcium measurements in living cells of aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus is an inhaled fungal pathogen of human lungs, the developmental growth of which is reliant upon ca2+-mediated signalling. ca2+ signalling has regulatory significance in all eukaryotic cells but how a. fumigatus uses intracellular ca2+ signals to respond to stresses imposed by the mammalian lung is poorly understood. in this work, a. fumigatus strains derived from the clinical isolate cea10, and a non-homologous recombination mutant δakubku80, were engineered to express the ...	2015	26402916
a challenging case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after near-drowning: a case report and literature review.	near-drowning, a relatively common event, is often complicated by subsequent pneumonia. while endogenous and exogenous bacteria are typical pathogens, rarely fungi are as well. we report a complicated case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a 30-year-old man after a near-drowning event. we also review the medical literature for similar cases. all cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after near-drowning reported in the literature involve aspergillus fumigatus. the majority of cases invol ...	2015	26392737
chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompetent, obese 10-year-old boy.	chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis is a rare form of pulmonary aspergillosis. it is usually seen in middle-aged or elderly patients with underlying chronic lung disease or mild immunodeficiency, and has been only rarely encountered in children. clinical presentation is variable and usually involves constitutional symptoms of several months' duration as well as respiratory symptoms. we present a previously well, immunocompetent, obese 10-year-old boy with cough and mild hemoptysis lastin ...	2015	26388598
bronchomediastinal fistula caused by endobronchial aspergilloma.	endobronchial aspergilloma is a rare condition affecting immunocompromised patients. we present three cases resulting in airway fistulae.	2015	25513736
multilaboratory testing of antifungal drug combinations against candida species and aspergillus fumigatus: utility of 100 percent inhibition as the endpoint.	four laboratories tested three isolates of candida species and two isolates of aspergillus fumigatus using 96-well plates containing combinations of amphotericin b, anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. the majority of summation fractional inhibitory concentration indices (σfici) based on the lowe additivity formula suggested indifferent drug interactions (σfici > 0.5 and ≤4.0) and no instance of drug antagonism (σfici > 4.0). the intr ...	2015	25512402
fungal isolation from disinfectant solutions of contact lens storage cases among asymptomatic users.	to investigate the incidence of fungal contamination of store disinfectant solutions contained in contact lens storage cases belonging to asymptomatic contact lens users.	2015	25503912
[qualitative fungal composition of services at risk of nosocomial infections at aristide le dantec hospital (dakar)].	in hospitals, the quality control of the air is a key element. indeed airborne fungi constitute a real danger for patients hospitalized in wards at risk of nosocomial infections especially when they are immunocompromised.	2015	25499807
susceptibility breakpoints and target values for therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole and aspergillus fumigatus in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model--authors' response.		2015	25488075
site-directed mutagenesis switching a dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase to a specific tyrosine c3-prenylating enzyme.	the tryptophan prenyltransferases fgapt2 and 7-dmats (7-dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase) from aspergillus fumigatus catalyze c(4)- and c(7)-prenylation of the indole ring, respectively. 7-dmats was found to accept l-tyrosine as substrate as well and converted it to an o-prenylated derivative. an acceptance of l-tyrosine by fgapt2 was also observed in this study. interestingly, isolation and structure elucidation revealed the identification of a c(3)-prenylated l-tyrosine as enzyme product. mol ...	2015	25477507
suppression of epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 activation by extracts of aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus (af) is often pathogenic in immune-deficient individuals and can cause life-threatening infections such as invasive aspergillosis. the pulmonary epithelial response to af infection and the signaling pathways associated with it have not been completely studied. beas-2b cells or primary human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to extracts of af and challenged with ifn-β or the toll-like receptor 3 agonist double-stranded rna (dsrna). cytokine release (b-cell activating f ...	2015	25474274
calcium signaling mediates antifungal activity of triazole drugs in the aspergilli.	azoles are widely applied and largely effective as antifungals; however, the increasing prevalence of clinically resistant isolates has yet to be matched by approaches to improve the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy. in this study, using the model fungus aspergillus nidulans and one of the most common human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus as research materials, we present the evidence that calcium signaling is involved in the azole-antifungals-induced stress-response reactions. in normal media, ...	2015	25554700
molecular epidemiology of aspergillus collected from cystic fibrosis patients.	aspergillus respiratory infection is a common complication in cystic fibrosis (cf) and is associated with loss of pulmonary function and allergic disease.	2015	25459562
gliotoxin from aspergillus fumigatus reverses epithelial to mesenchymal transition: implications in renal fibrosis.	fibrosis is generally characterized by an excessive accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix (ecm) that progressively leads to the destruction of functional nephrons of the kidney. current study is aimed to propose a probable antifibrotic mechanism of gliotoxin, isolated from marine aspergillus fumigatus strain, in proximal tubule renal epithelial cells by inhibiting hif-1α, ang-ii and nf-κb in a dose dependent manner. gtx at a concentration of 1.6 ng/ml also showed more than 80% cell ...	2015	25455839
amphotericin-b entrapped lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles for prolonged ocular application.	fungal keratitis is the major cause of vision loss worldwide. amphotericin-b is considered as the drug of choice for fungal infections. however, its use in ophthalmic drug delivery is limited by the low precorneal residence at ocular surface as a result of blinking reflex, tear turnover and nasopharyngeal drainage. we report amphotericin-b loaded lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles for prolonged ocular application. the prepared nanoparticles were in the size range of 161.9-230.5 nm, entrapment effic ...	2015	25453292
cryptococcus neoformans yap1 is required for normal fluconazole and oxidative stress resistance.	cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogen that is the most common cause of fungal meningitis. as with most fungal pathogens, the most prevalent clinical antifungal used to treat cryptococcosis is orally administered fluconazole. resistance to this antifungal is an increasing concern in treatment of fungal disease in general. our knowledge of the specific determinants involved in fluconazole resistance in cryptococcus is limited. here we report the identification of an important genetic determinant o ...	2015	25445311
microsatellite (straf) genotyping cannot differentiate between invasive and colonizing aspergillus fumigatus isolates.	we studied whether short tandem repeats of aspergillus fumigatus (straf) can differentiate between invasive and colonizing genotypes of a. fumigatus. of the 395 genotypes detected (n = 1,373 isolates), 50 were clusters and 24 (6% of all genotypes) involved the patients with invasive aspergillosis and those colonized with a. fumigatus, indicating that genotyping cannot discriminate between invasive and colonizing isolates.	2015	25411179
interference of aspergillus fumigatus with the immune response.	aspergillus fumigatus is a saprotrophic filamentous fungus and also the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen of humans. depending on the host's immune status, the variety of diseases caused by a. fumigatus ranges from allergies in immunocompetent hosts to life-threatening invasive infections in patients with impaired immunity. in contrast to the majority of other aspergillus species, which are in most cases nonpathogenic, a. fumigatus features an armory of virulence determinants to establish ...	2015	25404120
structural and biochemical characterization of the dual substrate recognition of the (r)-selective amine transaminase from aspergillus fumigatus.	chiral amines are important precursors for the pharmaceutical and fine-chemical industries. because of this, the demand for enantiopure amines is currently increasing. amine transaminases can produce a large spectrum of chiral amines in the (r)- or (s)-configuration, depending on their substrate scope and stereo-preference, by converting a prochiral ketone into the chiral amine while using alanine as the amine donor producing pyruvate as an α-keto acid product. in order to guide the protein engi ...	2015	25400251
molecular identification of fungi found on decomposed human bodies in forensic autopsy cases.	to investigate which fungi can be found during forensic autopsies, a pubmed literature review was done in regard to fungal growth on decomposed human bodies. unfortunately, the existing data is limited and not all fungi were identified to the species level. we, therefore, collected skin samples with macroscopically visible fungal growth from 23 autopsy cases in germany and identified the fungi to the species level by molecular methods. the identified species included aspergillus fumigatus and ca ...	2015	25398636
[nocardia farcinica lung infection in a patient with cystic fibrosis and a lung transplant].	patients with cystic fibrosis have a higher risk of developing chronic respiratory infectious diseases. the nocardia farcinica lung infection is rare in this group of patients, and there are limited publications about this topic. its diagnosis is complex, due to the clinical and the radiology signs being non-specific. identification of the agent responsible in the sputum culture is occasionally negative. it is a slow growing organism and for this reason treatment is delayed, which can lead to an ...	2015	25443661
synthesis of a pentasaccharide and neoglycoconjugates related to fungal α-(1→3)-glucan and their use in the generation of antibodies to trace aspergillus fumigatus cell wall.	3-aminopropyl α-(1→3)-pentaglucoside, a fragment of α-(1→3)-glucan of the cell wall of aspergillus fumigatus, has been synthesized in a blockwise approach. the application of mono- and disaccharide n-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates bearing a stereodirecting 6-o-benzoyl group was essential for stereoselective α-glucosylations. in the products, p-methoxyphenyl and levulinoyl groups served as orthogonal protecting groups for the anomeric position and 3-oh group, respectively. their removal from shared ...	2015	25376936
cloning, overexpression, and characterization of a highly active endoinulinase gene from aspergillus fumigatus cl1 for production of inulo-oligosaccharides.	in this study, an endoinulinase gene from aspergillus fumigatus was cloned and overexpressed in pichia pastoris. a maximum activity, 3860 u/ml, of the recombinant endoinulinase was obtained by using a high cell-density fermentation approach. the recombinant endoinulinase with a molecular weight of 58 kda was purified for further enzymatic investigation. the ph and temperature optima were ph 6.0 and 55 °c, and the k m and v max values toward inulin were 2.18 mm and 1590 μmol min(-1) mg(-1), respe ...	2015	25369893
multispecific aspergillus t cells selected by cd137 or cd154 induce protective immune responses against the most relevant mold infections.	aspergillus and mucorales species cause severe infections in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). induction of antifungal cd4(+) t-helper type 1 (th1) immunity is an appealing strategy to combat these infections. immunotherapeutic approaches are so far limited because of a lack of antigens inducing protective t cells, their elaborate production, and the need of targeting a broad spectrum of pathogenic fungi.	2015	25367298
b lymphocytes regulate airway granulocytic inflammation and cytokine production in a murine model of fungal allergic asthma.	sensitization to fungi often leads to a severe form of asthma that is particularly difficult to manage clinically, resulting in increased morbidity and hospitalizations in these patients. although b lymphocytes might exacerbate asthma symptoms through the production of ige, these cells might also be important in the protective response against inhaled fungi. through cytokine release and t-cell interactions, these lymphocytes might also influence the development and maintenance of airway wall fib ...	2015	25363529
erratum to: phylogenetic analyses on the diversity of aspergillus fumigatus sensu lato based on five orthologous loci.		2015	25361842
aspergillus fumigatus devoid of cell wall β-1,3-glucan is viable, massively sheds galactomannan and is killed by septum formation inhibitors.	echinocandins inhibit β-1,3-glucan synthesis and are one of the few antimycotic drug classes effective against aspergillus spp. in this study, we characterized the β-1,3-glucan synthase fks1 of aspergillus fumigatus, the putative target of echinocandins. data obtained with a conditional mutant suggest that fks1 is not essential. in agreement, we successfully constructed a viable δfks1 deletion mutant. lack of fks1 results in characteristic growth phenotypes similar to wild type treated with echi ...	2015	25425041
purification and characterization of a mycelial catalase from scedosporium boydii, a useful tool for specific antibody detection in patients with cystic fibrosis.	scedosporium boydii is an opportunistic filamentous fungus which may be responsible for a wide variety of infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. this fungus belongs to the scedosporium apiospermum species complex, which usually ranks second among the filamentous fungi colonizing the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) and may lead to allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses, sensitization, or respiratory infections. upon microbial infection, host phagocytic cells rel ...	2015	25355796
possible mechanism of antifungal phenazine-1-carboxamide from pseudomonas sp. against dimorphic fungi benjaminiella poitrasii and human pathogen candida albicans.	investigation of antifungal mechanism of phenazine 1-carboxamide (pc) produced by a pseudomonas strain mcc2142.	2015	25348290
comparison of toxicogenic and immunosuppressive capacity of aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from clinical and corn silage samples.	to compare clinical and environmental aspergillus fumigatus strains on their toxicogenic and immunosuppressive capacity.	2015	25346380
concomitant occurrence of itraconazole-resistant and -susceptible strains of aspergillus fumigatus in routine cultures.	resistance to triazoles in aspergillus fumigatus has emerged in several countries and is usually mediated by mutations in the cyp51a gene. we determined the presence of both itraconazole-susceptible and -resistant a. fumigatus in routine cultures isolated from environmental and clinical samples.	2015	25326091
azole, polyene and echinocandin mic distributions for wild-type, tr34/l98h and tr46/y121f/t289a aspergillus fumigatus isolates in the netherlands.	to determine the mic distributions of itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole and non-azole drugs for wild-type cyp51a, as well as tr(34)/l98h and tr(46)/y121f/t289a cyp51a mutants of aspergillus fumigatus.	2015	25301884
production and immobilization of enzymes by solid-state fermentation of agroindustrial waste.	the recovery of by-products from agri-food industry is currently one of the major challenges of biotechnology. castilla-la mancha produces around three million tons of waste coming from olive oil and wine industries, both of which have a pivotal role in the economy of this region. for this reason, this study reports on the exploitation of grape skins and olive pomaces for the production of lignocellulosic enzymes, which are able to deconstruct the agroindustrial waste and, therefore, reuse them ...	2015	25300855
aspergillus fumigatus proteases, asp f 5 and asp f 13, are essential for airway inflammation and remodelling in a murine inhalation model.	in susceptible individuals, exposure to aspergillus fumigatus can lead to the development of atopic lung diseases such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (safs). protease allergens including asp f 5 and asp f 13 from aspergillus fumigatus are thought to be important for initiation and progression of allergic asthma.	2015	25270353
transcriptome analysis of cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase a-regulated genes reveals the production of the novel natural compound fumipyrrole by aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human pathogenic fungus causing life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. adaptation to different habitats and also virulence of the fungus depends on signal perception and transduction by modules such as the cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase a (pka) pathway. here, by transcriptome analysis, 632 differentially regulated genes of this important signaling cascade were identified, including 23 putative transcriptional regulators. the high ...	2015	25582336
a monoclonal antibody against glycoproteins of aspergillus fumigatus shows anti-adhesive potential.	there has been an increase in the cases of fungal resistance against many antifungal drugs and an effective alternative mode in the form of immunotherapy is being considered as new hope. the adhesion of aspergillus fumigatus conidia to the host components is one of the prime factors to cause aspergillosis. carbohydrate components or glycoproteins present on the cell surface play an important role in interaction of the organism to the host and leads to adhesion. any substance which is capable of ...	2015	25578403
mixing compatibilities of aspergillus and american cockroach allergens with other high-protease fungal and insect extracts.	recent studies have shown that alternaria and german cockroach allergens can be degraded by endogenous proteases from other insect and fungal extracts when combined for immunotherapy, but data supporting the compatibilities of other high-protease products in comparable mixtures have not been reported.	2015	25578248
in-vitro assessment of the probiotic potential of lactobacillus plantarum kcc-24 isolated from italian rye-grass (lolium multiflorum) forage.	the aim of the present study was to determine the probiotic potential of the lactic acid bacteria lactobacillus plantarum kcc-24 (l. plantarum kcc-24), that was isolated and characterized from italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) forage. the following experiments were performed to assess the probiotic characteristics such as antifungal activity, antibiotic susceptibility, resistance to low ph, stimulated gastric juice and bile salts, proteolytic activity, auto-aggregation, cell surface hydropho ...	2015	25576238
targeting zinc homeostasis to combat aspergillus fumigatus infections.	aspergillus fumigatus is able to invade and grow in the lungs of immunosuppressed individuals and causes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. the concentration of free zinc in living tissues is much lower than that required for optimal fungal growth in vitro because most of it is tightly bound to proteins. to obtain efficiently zinc from a living host a. fumigatus uses the zinc transporters zrfa, zrfb, and zrfc. the zafa transcriptional regulator induces the expression of all these transporters and ...	2015	25774155
the malaria co-infection challenge: an investigation into the antimicrobial activity of selected guinean medicinal plants.	in sub-saharan africa, concomitant occurrence of malaria and invasive infections with micro-organisms such as gram-positive staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative escherichia coli and yeasts or fungi such as candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus is common. non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis caused by mycobacterium chelonae has been recognized as a pulmonary pathogen with increasing frequency without effective therapy. although less important, the high incidence of trichophyton rubrum infections ...	2015	25773488
pathogenic fungi regulate immunity by inducing neutrophilic myeloid-derived suppressor cells.	despite continuous contact with fungi, immunocompetent individuals rarely develop pro-inflammatory antifungal immune responses. the underlying tolerogenic mechanisms are incompletely understood. using both mouse models and human patients, we show that infection with the human pathogenic fungi aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans induces a distinct subset of neutrophilic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mdscs), which functionally suppress t and nk cell responses. mechanistically, pathogeni ...	2015	25771792
exploration of aspergillus fumigatus ras pathways for novel antifungal drug targets.	ras pathway signaling is a critical virulence determinant for pathogenic fungi. localization of ras to the plasma membrane (pm) is required for ras network interactions supporting fungal growth and virulence. for example, loss of aspergillus fumigatus rasa signaling at the pm via inhibition of palmitoylation leads to decreased growth, altered hyphal morphogenesis, decreased cell wall integrity and loss of virulence. in order to be properly localized and activated, ras proteins must transit a ser ...	2015	25767465
resistance is not futile: gliotoxin biosynthesis, functionality and utility.	gliotoxin biosynthesis is encoded by the gli gene cluster in aspergillus fumigatus. the biosynthesis of gliotoxin is influenced by a suite of transcriptionally-active regulatory proteins and a bis-thiomethyltransferase. a self-protection system against gliotoxin is present in a. fumigatus. several additional metabolites are also produced via the gliotoxin biosynthetic pathway. moreover, the biosynthesis of unrelated natural products appears to be influenced either by gliotoxin or by the activity ...	2015	25766143
toxicity and efficacy differences between liposomal amphotericin b formulations in uninfected and aspergillus fumigatus infected mice.	because of the reduced toxicity associated with liposomal amphotericin b preparations, different amphotericin b liposome products have been made. in the present study, we compared the amphotericin b liposomal formulations, ambisome(®) (ambi) and lambin(®) (lbn), in uninfected and aspergillus fumigatus infected mice, using several in vitro and in vivo toxicity and efficacy assays. the results showed that the formulations were significantly different, with lbn 1.6-fold larger than ambi. lbn was al ...	2015	25550388
the crosstalk between tlr2 and nod2 in aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.	innate immunity is considered to be critical in the pathogenesis of fungal keratitis. pattern recognition receptors (prrs) recognize conserved microbial structures called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), thereby initiating the innate immunity. toll-like receptors (tlrs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptors (leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors, nlrs) are two major prr families. the crosstalk between tlr2 and nod2 is not completely understood, and ...	2015	25549945
resistin-like molecule-β (relm-β) targets airways fibroblasts to effect remodelling in asthma: from mouse to man.	relm-β has been implicated in airways inflammation and remodelling in murine models. its possible functions in human airways are largely unknown. the aim was to address the hypothesis that relm-β plays a role in extracellular matrix deposition in asthmatic airways.	2015	25545115
does farm fungicide use induce azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus?	azole resistance of aspergillus fumigatus isolates has been reported worldwide and it would appear to be mainly due to a point mutation in the 14α-sterol demethylase (cyp51a) gene, which is the target enzyme for azoles. the mutation has been confirmed in isolates from patients who received long-term itraconazole (itz) therapy and from agricultural fields where high levels of azole fungicides were employed. however, the relationship between farm environments and azole-resistant a. fumigatus has n ...	2015	25541556
aspergillus fumigatus transcriptome response to a higher temperature during the earliest steps of germination monitored using a new customized expression microarray.	aspergillus fumigatus is considered to be the most prevalent airborne pathogenic fungus and can cause invasive diseases in immunocompromised patients. it is known that its virulence is multifactorial, although the mechanisms of pathogenicity remain unclear. with the aim of improving our understanding of these mechanisms, we designed a new expression microarray covering the entire genome of a. fumigatus. in this first study, we analysed the transcriptomes of this fungus at the first steps of germ ...	2015	25536999
divergent targets of aspergillus fumigatus acuk and acum transcription factors during growth in vitro versus invasive disease.	in aspergillus nidulans, the acuk and acum transcription factors form a complex that regulates gluconeogenesis. in aspergillus fumigatus, acum governs gluconeogenesis and iron acquisition in vitro and virulence in immunosuppressed mice. however, the function of acuk was previously unknown. through in vitro studies, we found that a. fumigatus δacuk single and δacuk δacum double mutants had impaired gluconeogenesis and iron acquisition, similar to the δacum mutant. also, the δacuk, δacum, and δacu ...	2015	25534941
the apses family proteins in fungi: characterizations, evolution and functions.	the apses protein family belongs to transcriptional factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) class, the originally described members (apses: asm1p, phd1p, sok2p, efg1p and stuap) are used to designate this group of proteins, and they have been identified as key regulators of fungal development and other biological processes. apses proteins share a highly conserved dna-binding domain (apses domain) of about 100 amino acids, whose central domain is predicted to form a typical bhlh structure. b ...	2015	25534868
posaconazole prophylaxis in experimental azole-resistant invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.	we investigated the efficacy of posaconazole prophylaxis in preventing invasive aspergillosis due to azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus isolates. using a neutropenic murine model of pulmonary infection, posaconazole prophylaxis was evaluated using three isogenic clinical isolates, with posaconazole mics of 0.063 mg/liter (wild type), 0.5 mg/liter (f219i mutation), and 16 mg/liter. a fourth isolate harboring tr34/l98h (mic of 0.5 mg/liter) was also tested. posaconazole prophylaxis was effectiv ...	2015	25534731
redox metabolites signal polymicrobial biofilm development via the napa oxidative stress cascade in aspergillus.	filamentous fungi and bacteria form mixed-species biofilms in nature and diverse clinical contexts. they secrete a wealth of redox-active small molecule secondary metabolites, which are traditionally viewed as toxins that inhibit growth of competing microbes.	2015	25532893