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mycoses associated with aids in the third world.despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the epidemiological status of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is far from under control in most of the developing world. sub-saharan africa, southeast asia and india show increased rates of new infections. in latin america and the caribbean there were 1.6 million estimated cases of hiv-infected patients at the end of 1997. fungal diseases have been one of the most relevant diagnoses in relation to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrom ...200011204155
fungal morphogenesis and virulence.phenotypic variability in pathogenic fungi has long been correlated with virulence, but specific genetic and molecular mechanisms are only recently being unraveled. fungal morphogenesis, reflecting the expression of several regulated genes, and the capacity of the rising forms or phases to cause disease has been focused on at the xivth congress of the international society for human and animal mycology. three experimental models of pathogenic fungi have been discussed. in cryptococcus neoformans ...200011204167
pathogenesis i: interactions of host cells and fungi.the interactions of host cells and fungi during infection represent a complex interplay. although t helper 1 (th1)-mediated immunity is primarily responsible for acquired resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis, studies have demonstrated that polymorphonuclear neutrophils play a critical role in providing an early resistance to this organism. one study has shown that the invasiveness of candida albicans requires adherence, particularly to endothelial cells, which in turn are stimulated to ex ...200011204170
in vitro susceptibilities of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast form to antifungal drugs.a total of 12 paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast form strains, including clinical and environmental isolates, were tested for their susceptibilities to amphotericin b, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole. the tests were determined using a broth macrodilution procedure. in general, there was a remarkable homogeneity of results for all strains, and comparable mics were found for environmental and clinical isolates.200011204357
rflp analysis reveals marked geographical isolation between strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) was performed on 32 isolates of the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis from geographically separated regions of south america. the use of hinfi and hincii gave clear rflp patterns, for which high discriminatory indices could be calculated. computational analysis of the rflp patterns for the 32 isolates suggested that at least five groups of strains existed, each of which was geographically distinct and corresponded closely with present ...200011204881
pcr for diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis.a pcr assay based on oligonucleotide primers derived from the sequence of the gene coding for the 43,000-da (gp43) antigen was developed to detect paracoccidioides brasiliensis dna in sputa. in the standardized conditions, it could detect 10 cells/ml of sputum, providing sufficient accuracy to be useful for diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis.200010970409
[paracoccidioidomycosis of the central nervous system: case report].the involvement of the central nervous system in paracoccidioidomycosis is more frequent than previously thought. the first reference to the possibility that paracoccidioides brasiliensis could affect the central nervous system was by pereira & jacobs in 1919. since then, a great number of other studies has showed this form of clinical behavior and, in some of them, the frequency has ranged 27.27%. we report a clinical case of a 34-year-old white brazilian woman admitted because of bacterial pne ...200010973120
experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in high and low antibody responder mice of selection iv-a.high (h) and low (l) responder mice were selected for their ability to produce antibodies against sheep and human erythrocytes (selection iv-a). in this selection, the difference in antibody responsiveness between h and l lines (hiv-a and liv-a mice, respectively) was shown to depend mainly on macrophage function. the more rapid catabolism of antigens by macrophages in l mice has been suggested as the main cause of the low antibody production. due to this high macrophage activity, l animals have ...200010975699
morphological aspects of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in lymph nodes: implications for the prolonged latency of paracoccidioidomycosis?in order to determine if fungal morphology in tissues would furnish indications on the viability of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells, lymph node biopsies from five patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, including one with residual circumscribed lesions, were examined. a program that allows transferring of microscopic images to the computer for further processing was used. in the four active cases, the infected lymph nodes had over 49% of healthy-looking yeast cells while in the case of t ...200010975700
a new pcr primer for the identification of paracoccidioides brasiliensis based on rrna sequences coding the internal transcribed spacers (its) and 5 x 8s regions.internal transcribed spacer (its) genes including the 5.8s ribosomal (r)rna of paracoccidioides brasiliensis were amplified and the dna sequences were determined. based on a comparison of the sequence information, a new polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primer pair was designed for specific amplification of dna for p. brasiliensis. this primer pair amplified a 418-bp dna sequence and was 100% successful in identifying 29 strains of p. brasiliensis (including the reference strains) isolated from th ...200010975701
[in vitro infection by different strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis].we analyzed the in vitro infection process by p. brasiliensis and the effect of extracellular factor(s) produced on monolayers of mammalian vero cell lines. the yeast phase of four strains was studied: b339 (avirulent or slightly virulent), u, (intermediate virulence), 93745 and 63265 (both highly virulent). strains of intermediate and high virulence had higher adherence at first contact (about 16%). strain b339 had a slower adherence at first contact (8%) than the others during the same period. ...200011008702
paracoccidioidomycosis: a model for evaluation of the effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the natural history of endemic tropical diseases.the interaction of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection with endemic tropical diseases has become a major concern, but its mechanisms are still poorly understood. paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), a south america endemic deep mycosis, may provide an interesting model to investigate this interaction, as clinical-epidemiological features of most hiv-pcm-coinfected patients are difficult to classify into the standard acute and chronic forms of pcm. such patients have presented clinical features ...200011049788
polymorphism in the gene coding for the immunodominant antigen gp43 from the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the gp43 glycoprotein is an immune-dominant antigen in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). it is protective against murine pcm and is a putative virulence factor. the gp43 gene of paracoccidioides brasiliensis b-339 is located in a 1,329-bp dna fragment that includes two exons, a 78-bp intron, and a leader peptide-coding region of 105 bp. polymorphism in gp43 has been suggested by the occurrence, in the same isolate or among different fungal samples, of isoforms with distinct isoelectric ...200011060052
dna-based vaccination against murine paracoccidioidomycosis using the gp43 gene from paracoccidioides brasiliensis.gp43, the major 43-kda antigenic glycoprotein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, or its 15-amino acid inner peptide (p10), induces a t-cd4(+), th1 cellular immune response which protects balb/c mice from intratracheal infection by virulent yeast forms. we investigated whether dna vaccination using the gp43 gene could elicit protective immunity against p. brasiliensis. animals immunised intramuscularly (i.m.) or intradermally (i.d.) with plasmid dna containing the gp43 gene induced a specific, lon ...200010825609
a critical analysis of isolation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from soil.the present review is a critical analysis of positive and negative reports of the isolation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from soil. the strains isolated from soil or soil-contaminated material (dogfood, penguin feces) by batista et al. in recife, brazil, negroni in the argentinian chaco, albornoz in rural venezuela, silva-vergara et al. in ibiá, brazil, ferreira et al. in uberlândia, brazil, and gezuele et al. at the uruguayan base in the antarctic region, presented mycological characteristi ...200010892985
detection of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in tissue samples by a nested pcr assay.a nested pcr assay for the detection of paracoccidioides brasiliensis dna was evaluated, using a sequence of the immunogenic gp43 gene as a target. this gene encodes an outer membrane protein unique to this dimorphic fungus. dna from six clinical isolates and the atcc strain 60885 of p. brasiliensis, as well as dna from closely related fungi, was examined to determine detection limits and cross-reactions. pcr was done on dna extracts of lung homogenates from 23 experimentally p. brasiliensis-inf ...200010921955
fibrotic sequelae in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis: histopathological aspects in balb/c mice infected with viable and non-viable paracoccidioides brasiliensis propagules.patients with paracoccidioidomycosis often present pulmonary fibrosis and exhibit important respiratory limitations. based on an already established animal model, the contribution of viable and non-viable p. brasiliensis propagules to the development of fibrosis was investigated. balb/c male mice, 4-6 weeks old were inoculated intranasally either with 4x10(6) viable conidia (group i), or 6. 5x10(6) fragmented yeast cells (group ii). control animals received pbs. six mice per period were sacrific ...200010810319
interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha determine resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in mice.to investigate the role of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in the resistance to paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) infection, mice with homologous disruption of the ifn-gamma (gko) or tnf-alpha receptor p55 (p55ko) were infected with the parasite. gko and p55ko, but not wild-type (wt) mice, were unable to control the growth of yeast cells and the mice succumbed to infection by days 16 and 90 after infection, respectively. typical inflammatory granulomas w ...200010793093
small subunit ribosomal dna sequence shows paracoccidioides brasiliensis closely related to blastomyces dermatitidis.the similarities of paracoccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis are highly suggestive of a close relation of the two etiological agents. whereas the agent of the first disease is exclusively endemic in latin america, the agent of the latter one is endemic in north america and africa. in symptomatic travelers visiting both areas of endemicity, differentiation of the diseases might be impossible, even though therapy and prognosis for these two diseases differ significantly. in order to identify diffe ...200010970355
the role of hla antigens in the development of paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that involves primarily the lungs and may disseminate to other organs and systems. it is caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a fungus that exhibits reversible thermal dimorphism and whose natural habitat is presently unknown. there are two main clinical forms: the acute (subacute) juvenile form and the chronic adult form. the former runs a more rapid course and is more severe than the latter. this mycosis is found throughout latin a ...200011032058
effect of cytokines on antifungal activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes against yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.in our previous study, it was observed that human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) exhibited a fungistatic effect on yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and that interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-8 (il-8), enhanced the antifungal activity of pmns. in the present study, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) also enhanced the pmn activity. gm-csf-activated pmns exhibited a killing effect on p. brasilie ...200010817235
effects of amphotericin b and three azole derivatives on the lipids of yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.yeast cells of five different strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis were obtained for partial analysis of lipid composition, and sterol content was determined quantitatively and qualitatively. the determinations were conducted with cells cultured in the presence and absence of amphotericin b and azole derivatives at levels below the mic.200010858371
correlation among immune response, morphogenesis of the granulomatous reaction and spleen lymphoid structure in murine experimental paracoccidioidomycosis.we studied the correlation among cellular immune response, the pattern of lung granulomatous lesions and alterations in spleen lymphoid structure in swiss mice inoculated intravenously with paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain 18. the animals were evaluated at 24, 48 and 96 h after infection and further studied weekly for 18 weeks by: (i) the macrophage migration inhibition test with phytohemagglutinin (pha) and p. brasiliensis antigen (pbag); and (ii) histopathology of the lung and spleen lesio ...200011092384
molecular cloning and characterization of a glucan synthase gene from the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.1,3-beta-d-glucan is a fungal cell wall polymer synthesized by the multi-subunit enzyme 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase. a subunit of this integral membrane protein was first described as the product of the fks1 gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae using echinocandin mutants. other fks1 genes were also reported for candida albicans, aspergillus nidulans and cryptococcus neoformans. here, we report the nucleotide sequence of the first homologous fks gene cloned from the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioide ...200010705373
experimental paracoccidioidomycosis of the syrian hamster: fungicidal activity and production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages.phagocytic cells play an important role in nonspecific resistance to fungal infection by mediating an inflammatory response and by a direct fungicidal action. in this study, the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages obtained from hamsters experimentally infected with strain pb18 of paracoccidioides brasiliensis was evaluated during 16 weeks of infection. the results showed that macrophages had a higher spreading ability associated with increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha ...200010746228
isolation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) in an area where the fungus was recently isolated from soil.natural infection of armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) with paracoccidioides brasiliensis in northern brazil was reported in 1986, raising great interest in the understanding of the role of this mammal in the epidemiological cycle of the fungus. recently, p. brasiliensis was isolated from the soil of ibiá, state of minas gerais, southeastern brazil. armadillos captured in this area were evaluated for the presence of p. brasiliensis in the viscera and infection was detected in 4/16 animals (25%). ...200010892986
production of ifn-gamma is impaired in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis during active disease and is restored after clinical remission.cellular immunity is usually suppressed during paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) and is restored after treatment. in this study we evaluated the induction of a type 1 (interferon gamma (ifn-gamma)), a type 2 (interleukin (il)-10) and a primarily macrophage derived cytokine (tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with pcm. eight male patients with active pcm, nine male patients with clinical remission of the disease and 10 healthy control subjects ...200010892991
comparison of an established antibody sandwich method with an inhibition method of histoplasma capsulatum antigen detection.the histoplasma antigen immunoassay utilizes an antibody sandwich method that provides a rapid and reliable means of diagnosing the more severe forms of histoplasmosis. inhibition assays have been developed for antigen detection and offer at least one potential advantage, namely, reduced antibody requirements. we have developed an inhibition assay using the polyclonal antibody employed in our standard sandwich assay. urine and serum specimens from patients with culture-proven histoplasmosis and ...200010921949
diploid strains of the pathogenic basidiomycete cryptococcus neoformans are thermally dimorphic.cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic human pathogenic fungus with a defined sexual cycle. clinical and environmental isolates of c. neoformans are haploid, and the diploid stage of the lifecycle is thought to be transient and unstable. in contrast, we find that diploid strains are readily obtained following genetic crosses of congenic matalpha and mata strains. at 37 degrees c, the diploid strains grow as yeast cells with a single nucleus that is larger than a haploid nucleus, contains a ...200010882532
[lobomycosis: a mycosis seldom observed in metropolitan france].we report a case of lobomycosis presenting like a cutaneous tumoral lesion in a patient living in guyana. the causative agent is loboa loboi. the illness is seldom observed in metropolitan france. the epidemiology, the clinical features, the course and the treatment are studied. the diagnosis is histological, with the morphological features of yeast-like cells.200010891722
molecular identification of paracoccidioides brasiliensis by pcr amplification of ribosomal dna.we have amplified and sequenced the 5.8s and 28s ribosomal dna genes and intergenic regions of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, strain pb01. using primers specifically designed for both ribosomal dna regions, we were able to discriminate between p. brasiliensis and other human pathogenic fungi by pcr. the use of this molecular marker could be important for paracoccidiodomycosis diagnosis and ecological and molecular epidemiological studies of p. brasiliensis in latin america.200010921990
random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates.five paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates of humans origin were analyzed using three arbitrary primers (3301, 3304 and 3307 of 10, 9 and 10 oligonucleotídes respectively) in random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. the analysis of the complex rapd profiles obtained were carried out using the dice similarity coefficient that distinguished the isolated pb 02 from the others (pb 18, pb 192, pb 265 and pb sn). the results revealed limited intraspecific genomic variations in these p. brasi ...199910932759
correlation between antigenemia of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and inhibiting effects of plasma in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis.metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi may be involved in the pathogenesis of fungal infections consequently altering the defence mechanisms of the host. in this study the levels of paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens detected in the plasma of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis correlated with the suppression index detected by the low mitogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to phytohaemaglutinin (pha). this inhibitory effect on lymphoproliferation was observed in t ...199910421863
[paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in a subtropical region with important environmental changes].paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycoses caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic fungus that infects man through respiratory ducts. it has been accepted that its ecological niche is located in the soil and plants of subtropical forests of latin america. the province of corrientes is located at the northeastern border of argentina, in a subtropical area where important environmental modifications have been introduced in the last decade as consequence of damming the paranà river a ...199910472444
histopathological evolution of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in wistar rats.twenty wistar rats were inoculated, by the intracardiac route, with 0.5 ml each of a yeast phase suspension of paracoccidioides brasiliensis utero strain. the rats were sacrificed at regular intervals post-infection, at which time their lungs, heart, liver, spleen and kidneys were removed, fixed and stained for study. the parameters of interest for the lung specimens were: (a) extent of the lesions; (b) number of fungi; (c) presence of a lymphomononuclear halo. extrapulmonary lesions were also s ...199910360321
identification, n-terminal region sequencing and similarity analysis of differentially expressed proteins in paracoccidioides brasiliensis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the causal agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, which is a systemic mycosis in latin america. this human pathogen is a dimorphic fungus existing as mycelium (26 degrees c) and in infected tissues as a yeast form (36 degrees c). the in vitro differentiation process is reversible and dependent on temperature shift. in the present study, the total proteins from both forms of p. brasiliensis (isolate pb01) were analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. differentially ...199910361267
ultrastructural characterization of the agent of systemic yeast infection of owl monkeys.systemic infection by an unclassified yeast-like organism has been encountered sporadically in wild-caught owl monkeys (aotus sp.) from south america. the infection is presumably acquired in the wild; the incubation period ranges from months to years. the disease is indolent and clinical signs are non-specific. the diagnosis is based on histopathologic observation of yeast-like cells in multiple internal organs. most cells appear to be phagocytized by macrophages, however, many are apparently fr ...199910361271
[usefulness of routine investigation of fungal infections through bronchoscopy in hiv-infected and non-hiv-infected patients in a general hospital, reference to aids].the diagnostic yields and the spectrum of pulmonary fungal-infection obtained in samples collected by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients were evaluated from 1990 to 1995. a total of 1943 bronchoscopies were performed during this period, 47% in the hiv-positive group and 53% in the hiv-negative group. of 908 hiv-positive patients, 38 (4%) had a fungus isolated from the pulmonary sample whereas of 1035 hiv-negative patients, only 4 (0.2%) had a fungus isolated. his ...199910380564
detection of the basement membrane-degrading proteolytic activity of paracoccidioides brasiliensis after sds-page using agarose overlays containing abz-mkaltlq-eddnp.we have characterized, in the paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase, an exocellular sh-dependent serine proteinase activity against abz-mkrltl-eddnp and analogous fluorescent-quenched peptides, and showed that it is also active against constituents of the basement membrane in vitro. in the present study, we separated the components of p. brasiliensis culture filtrates by electrophoresis and demonstrated that the serine-thiol exocellular proteinase has a diffuse and heterogeneous migration by ...199910412577
sialic acids in fungi: a minireview.the increasing number of reports on the presence of sialic acids in fungi (n-acetyl-, n-glycolyl- and 5,9-n,o-diacetylneuraminic acids) based on direct and indirect evidence warrants the present review. formerly suggested as sialidase-sensitive sources of anionic groups at the cell surface of fungal species grown in chemically defined media (e.g., fonsecaea pedrosoi), sialic acids have also been found in sporothrix schenckii, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, cryptococcus neoformans and recently, i ...199910815991
in situ hybridization in paracoccidioidomycosis.in situ hybridization (ish) was performed using oral biopsies from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis and guinea pig testes inoculated with a culture of paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolated from soil, employing both a 14 base-pair specific oligoprobe (act ccc ccg tgg tc) and its complementary sequence. when combining ish with the gridley stain which detects fungal cell walls, about 2-3% of the fungal cells present in the tissues were labelled. when the complementary probe was used, labelling ...199910421853
electrophoretic karyotype of environmental isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.five of the 12 environmental isolates of the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis known to date, were analysed by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis (chef). the electrophoretic pattern was shown to consist of five bands, with molecular size ranging from 3.2 to 10 mb, a model quite similar to the one found in the clinical isolates previously tested and used here as controls. however, one of the bands in the environmental isolates had a lesser weight (7.2 mb), ...199910421855
antifungal activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes against yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) were examined in vitro for antifungal activity against yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the yeast cell of this fungus was resistant to killing by pmn. however, pmn exhibited a fungistatic effect on the fungal isolates employed in a long-term ( approximately 72 h) assay. lysates of pmn did not show a fungistatic or fungicidal effect, indicating that live pmn are necessary for the antifungal effect. interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) ...199910421861
virulence of paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates can be correlated to groups defined by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.fifteen paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates were discriminated by the rapd analysis into two groups with only 17% of genomic identity. the ability of p. brasiliensis isolates to invade tissues was studied in an experimental model using susceptible b10.a mice. the analysis was performed according to the severity of the lesions including the number and size of the granuloma, the number and dissemination of fungi to different organs. the isolates from two rapd groups demonstrated a marked differ ...199910421862
antifungal activity of the new azole uk-109, 496 (voriconazole).the in vitro activity of voriconazole fully includes aspergillus, and also emerging moulds like fusarium, pseudallescheria boydii, and penicillium marneffei. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of voriconazole for candida krusei and candida glabrata, which are resistant or less susceptible to fluconazole, promise clinical efficacy, although they are ten times higher (0.30-0.39 microgram/ml) than those for candida albicans and other candida spp. (0.001-0.05 microgram/ml). the endemic fungal pat ...199910865910
failure of amphotericin b colloidal dispersion in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis.although amphotericin b desoxycholate is considered the most effective treatment for disseminated paracoccidioides brasiliensis infections, little is known about the efficacy of lipid-based formulations of amphotericin b in this infection. in this study, we treated four adults with the juvenile form of paracoccidioidomycosis with 3 mg/kg/day of amphotericin b colloidal dispersion for at least 28 days. although all of the patients initially responded by clinical observation, all four patients rel ...199910344661
pcr with paracoccidioides brasiliensis specific primers: potential use in ecological studies.the precise microenvironment of paracoccidioides brasiliensis has not yet been discovered perhaps because the methods used are not sensitive enough. we applied to this purpose the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using three sets of specific primers corresponding to two p. brasiliensis genes. this fungus as well as several other fungi, were grown and their dna obtained by mechanical disruption and a phenol chloroform isoamylalcohol-based purification method. the dna served for a pcr reaction that ...199910671288
"giant" blastoconidia of candida albicans: morphologic presentation and concepts regarding their production.candida albicans normally produces blastoconidia measuring 2 to 8 microns in diameter. markedly enlarged "giant" (approximately 30 microns) blastoconidia of a c. albicans isolate (designated bh) were observed after growth on commercially prepared chocolate agar already supplemented with isovitalex (bbl-microbiology systems, cockeysville, md, usa). morphologically, "giant" blastoconidia presented a spectrum of forms such as blastoconidia with linear creases, with a single broad-based bud resembli ...199910342104
experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in hamsters (mesocricetus auratus): gestational interactions.paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus presenting specific steroid hormone receptors, both in the yeast and mycelial forms and estrogen inhibits the transition from mycelium to yeast. in the acute phase, the disease occurs with equal frequency in both sexes but in adults, females are spared. placental fungal infection has been reported, but references to fetal infection have not been confirmed. we used 78 syrian female hamsters divided into 3 groups: gi consisted of 30 infected mate ...199910598068
constitutive melanin in the cell wall of the etiologic agent of lobo's disease.lobo's disease is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the obligate pathogenic fungus, whose cell walls contain constitutive melanin. in contrast, melanin does not occur in the cell walls of paracoccidioides brasiliensis when stained by the fontana-masson stain.199910436664
paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic infection caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. it is commonly an endemic disease in latin america, but several cases have been reported outside this area, particularly now in this time of world globalization. primary pulmonary infection occurs commonly in the first and second decades of life and usually has a benign, self-limited respiratory infection course. the adult chronic manifestation of the disease is usually the result of reac ...199910461538
[the research encouragement award. effects of sex hormones on sexual difference of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis].paracoccidioidomycosis is a deep mycosis in latin america. the causative agent is paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermal dimorphic fungus. the incidence of the disease is much higher in men than in women. although one explanation is the inhibitive effect of estradiol on fungal growth, its effect on the yeast form growth of p. brasiliensis is still unclear. there is limited information on progesterone and testosterone, which shows weak or no effects. on the other hand, numerous studies on sexua ...19999929575
macrophage expression of class ii major histocompatibility complex gene products in paracoccidioides brasiliensis-infected mice.c57b1/6 isogenic mice infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains showed a disruption in the expression of ia antigen. expression slowly decreased during the course of the infection with a slight variation dependent on the route of inoculation and the fungal strain used, but production of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were observed. suppression of ia antigen expression and depression of the immunoproliferative responses of spleen cells were strongly correlated with nit ...199910463680
fungistatic and fungicidal activities of murine polymorphonuclear leucocytes against yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.recently, a novel culture medium for detecting live yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis was developed by kurita et al. using this culture medium, murine peritoneal polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) were examined for fungistatic and fungicidal activities against p. brasiliensis yeast cells. the magnitude of the antifungal effect of pmn varied depending upon the fungal isolates used. pmn exhibited a killing effect on p. brasiliensis isolate bt-4 in 2 h of coculture. in contrast, the othe ...199910200930
paracoccidioides brasiliensis. a mycologic and immunochemical study of two strains.the authors conducted a mycologic, immunochemical and molecular biology study on two strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, one of them, called ibia, isolated from soil in the municipality of ibia (minas gerais) by silva-vergara et al. (1996, 1998), and the other, bat, cultivated from a human case of paracoccidioidomycosis in ribeirão preto (são paulo/brazil) by freitas da silva (1996). both strains showed cotton-like (m) and yeast-like (y) forms and were pathogenic for testicularly inoculate ...199910413954
differential expression of an hsp70 gene during transition from the mycelial to the infective yeast form of the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.we have isolated and characterized cdna and genomic clones that encode a 70 kda heat shock protein (hsp70) from the dimorphic human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the gene encodes a 649-amino-acid protein showing high identity with other members of the hsp70 gene family. the hsp70 gene is induced during both heat shock of yeast cells at 42 degrees c and the mycelial to yeast transition. a differential expression of this gene can be observed between mycelial and yeast forms, wit ...199910096073
[in vitro sensitivity of paracoccidioides brasiliensis to systemically used antifungal agents].in 1992, the nccls proposed a broth macrodilution method for determining the in vitro susceptibility of yeast. however, for dimorphic fungi no standardised method is available. the aim of our study was to evaluate the reference broth macrodilution method with isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the in vitro susceptibility of two atcc strains (32069 and 36324) and nine clinical isolates were determined against serial dilutions of amphotericin b (amb), ketoconazole (ktz), and itraconazole ( ...199910425663
ultrastructural differences observed in paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase cells grown on solid and in liquid medium.an ultrastructural study was conducted on, yeast-like paracoccidioides brasiliensis cells grown on liquid and solid peptone--yeast extract--glucose medium. a large proportion of cells grown in liquid medium presented cytoplasmic damage compared with the cells grown on solid medium, which remained intact, suggesting that agar plays an important role in the development of this fungus.199910424097
lacazia loboi gen. nov., comb. nov., the etiologic agent of lobomycosis.the new genus lacazia p. taborda, v. taborda, et mcginnis is proposed to accommodate lacazia loboi (o. m. fonseca et lacaz) p. taborda, v. taborda, et mcginnis, the obligate pathogen that causes lobomycosis in mammals. the continued placement of that fungus in the genus paracoccidioides almeida as paracoccidioides loboi is taxonomically inappropriate. loboa loboi ciferri et al. is a synonym of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.199910325371
comparative efficacy of fluconazole and amphotericin b in the parenteral treatment of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in the rat.patients with severe and complicated paracoccidioidomycosis are treated with amphotericin b by the intravenous route. fluconazole is active in vitro against paracoccidioides brasiliensis and can also be administered intravenously, but few clinical or experimental data are available about its action against the infection caused by this fungus. in the present study, the efficacy of fluconazole and amphotericin b was assessed comparatively in rats inoculated parenterally with p. brasiliensis. the t ...199910823185
subcutaneous infection of mice with paracoccidiodes brasiliensis induces a peculiar pattern of inflammatory and immune responses.it is well established that resistance or susceptibility to paracoccidioidis brasiliensis infection in mice is under strict host's genetic control. mice from a/sn strain inoculated by the ip route are resistant to fungal infection while infection induced in mice from b10.a strain results in a fatal disease. the early cellular events of infection in both strains are characterized by a marked neutrophilic infiltration that is more prominent in b10.a mice. a peculiar characteristic of the paracocci ...199910560623
paracoccidioides brasilienses isolates obtained from patients with acute and chronic disease exhibit morphological differences after animal passage.the basis for virulence in paracoccidioides brasiliensis is not completely understood. there is a consensus that the sequential in vitro subcultivation of p. brasiliensis leads to loss of its pathogenicity, which can be reverted by reisolation from animal passage. attention to morphological and biochemical properties that are regained or demonstrated after animal passage may provide new insights into factors related to the pathogenicity and virulence of p. brasiliensis. we evaluated morphologica ...199910602541
differential antibody isotype expression to the major paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen in juvenile and adult form paracoccidioidomycosis.we investigated the relationship between antibody response to the major paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen, a 43-kda glycoprotein, and the two paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) clinical presentations, the juvenile and the adult forms. total immunoglobulin g (igg), igg isotypes, and iga anti-gp43 antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients'sera. juvenile pcm patients had higher (p =.003) igg anti-gp43 levels than adult form patients. igg1 subclass levels, however, we ...199910602660
paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolated from armadillos is virulent to syrian hamsters.isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis may vary in virulence according to time of in vitro subcultivation. the present study compared the morphology and pathogenicity to hamsters of two p. brasiliensis isolates: one obtained from human lesions and maintained in the laboratory for several years (pb-18) and the other isolate recovered from hamsters inoculated with organ homogenates from armadillos (pb-t). the microscopic morphology of pb-18 and pb-t showed yeast cells with similar diameter. how ...199911189763
in vitro human immune reactivity of fast protein liquid chromatography fractionated paracoccidioides brasiliensis soluble antigens.soluble antigens of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells (pbag) were fractionated in a fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) system, using q-sepharose anion-exchange resin, in order to characterize antigenic fractions that could elicit cell reactivity and antibody recognition in human paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm). pbag fractions were eluted by 20 mm tris-hcl solution (ph 9.6) with an increasing gradient up to 1 m nacl. the fplc system was able to resolve 7 fractions, enumerated from 0 t ...199910602668
mri of head and neck paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis, caused by the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is the most important systemic mycosis in latin america. imported cases have been reported in north america, asia and europe, in individuals who lived in endemic areas, sometimes many years before the development of clinical manifestations. the disease causes cutaneous and/or respiratory tract mucosal lesions as well as lymph node enlargement. involvement of the oropharynx and/or the larynx, either alone or in ...199910624334
influence of the genetic background on the pattern of lesions developed by resistant and susceptible mice infected with paracoccidioides brasiliensis.to compare the sequential evolution of lesions developed by resistant (a/sn) and susceptible (b10.a) mice to paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection we inoculated a virulent isolate of the fungus and collected the pancreas/peripancreatic omentum monthly (from 1 to 6 months) post infection. after fixation, tissue sections were stained by conventional methods for light microscopy to investigate the cellular composition, the extracellular matrix (ecm) patterns and the morphology of the yeasts in th ...199910691092
production of proteinase and phospholipase by paracoccidioides brasiliensis.we have investigated the production of proteinase and phospholipase by 20 different isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. isolates were grown in bacto-peptone, dextrose, ph 5.5, agar slants, at 27 degrees c for 30 days, and cultures were transferred onto petri dishes containing basis medium and bovine serum albumin fraction v and sterile egg yolk as substrates for enzyme production, and incubated at 27 degrees c. after 30 days net enzyme activity was visualized and quantitatively evaluated, ...199910721516
characterization of sphingolipids from mycopathogens: factors correlating with expression of 2-hydroxy fatty acyl (e)-delta 3-unsaturation in cerebrosides of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and aspergillus fumigatus.significant differences exist between mammals and fungi with respect to glycosphingolipid (gsl) structure and biosynthesis. thus, these compounds, as well as the cellular machinery regulating their expression, have considerable potential as targets for the diagnosis and treatment of fungal diseases. in this study, the major neutral gsl components extracted from both yeast and mycelium forms of the thermally dimorphic mycopathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis were purified and characterized by 1 ...199910353841
isolation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from the nine-banded armadillo dasypus novemcinctus, in an endemic area for paracoccidioidomycosis in colombia.the microniche of the dimorphic fungus paracoccidiodes brasiliensisremains undefined in spite of the many attempts to isolate it from natural sources. until recently, knowledge was also scanty concerning the presence of natural infections in animals; however, in the last decade, the fungus has been repeatedly isolated from the nine-banded armadillo, dasypus novemcinctusin brazil. a study aimed at determining the presence of infected armadillos in one of the paracoccidioidomycosis endemic areas o ...199918473551
[inquérito epidemiológico com paracoccidioidina e histoplasmina em área agrícola de café em ibiá, minas gerais, brasil.].an epidemiological survey in an endemic area for paracoccidioidomycosis in ibiá town, minas gerais state, brazil was carried out. for this, we used a standard form for each household and intradermal antigens of histoplasmin and paracoccidioidin. out of 194 individuals, 109(56%) were engaged in the survey showing reactivity of 44% and 49.5% for these antigens respectively. the reactivity to paracoccidioidin was observed in 50% of children below ten years. individuals who revealed reactivity to pa ...199818473521
[in vitro comparison of antifungal activity of oxiconazole and econazole against yeast.].monoclonal antibodies (moabs) have had a major impact on many areas of biomedical research and almost since their advent have been used in the characterisation and identification of diagnostically important antigens of fungal pathogens. their main significance lies in three, often inter-related areas: a) the definition and characterisation of antigens for use in detection of antibody responses, b) their direct use in the detection of diagnostically useful antigen in body fluids c) their applicat ...199818473530
pathogenicities and gp43kda gene of three paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates originated from a nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus).we studied three different isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis obtained from the mesenteric lymph node (d3ly1), the spleen (d3s1) and the liver (d3liv1) of the same armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). pulmonal inflammatory area was evaluated by intravenous inoculation of 10(6) yeast cells of each isolates in young, male, ddy mice. moreover, the partial sequence of gp43kda gene of p. brasiliensis was analyzed. the lung inflammatory area was greater in animals inoculated with isolate d3s1. the ...199810481285
role of the armadillo dasypus novemcinctus in the epidemiology of paracoccidioidomycosis.a study conducted in a rural area of ibiá, state of minas gerais, brazil, where paracoccidioides brasiliensis was recently isolated from soil, sought to determine if the armadillo dasypus novemcinctus developed paracoccidioidomycosis. out of 21 armadillos captured in the area, one had a lung granuloma containing fungal cells attributable to those of p. brasiliensis. the present report presents the first histopathological evidence for the presence of this pathogen in the lungs of an armadillo. th ...199810531678
morphological transition of paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia to yeast cells: in vivo inhibition in females.clinical paracoccidioidomycosis is 13 times more common in men than in women. estrogen inhibits the transition of mycelia or conidia (the saprophytic form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis) to yeasts (the parasitic form) in vitro. here, we show that, in male mice that were infected intranasally (mimicking natural infection) the transition of conidia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids to intermediate forms and yeasts occurred over 24 to 96 h; cfu and yeasts (shown by histopathology) increased subseq ...19989784579
study of pulmonary experimental paracoccidioidomycosis by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage cells: resistant vs. susceptible mice.adult swiss (susceptible) and balb/c (non-susceptible) mice were inoculated by the intravenous route with 1 x 10(6) yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, strain 18. immunologic parameters, histopathology and features of the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) were evaluated at week 2, 4, 8 and 16 post-infection. the pulmonary infection was progressive in swiss mice and regressive in balb/c mice. the numbers of total cells, lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils increased in bal, as well ...19989750339
evidence of idiotypic modulation in the immune response to gp43, the major antigenic component of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in both mice and humans.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is a systemic mycosis endemic in latin america, with a high prevalence in brazil, argentina, colombia and venezuela. the aetiologic agent of disease is a thermal dimorphic fungus, paracoccidioides brasiliensis. a glycoprotein of 43,000 d (gp43) is the major antigen of p. brasiliensis. antibodies directed to this antigen are detected in the sera of all patients with pcm. gp43 binds to laminin, thus participating in adhesion, invasion and pathogenesis of the fungus. as ...19989764601
experimental pulmonary fibrosis induced by paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia: measurement of local host responses.pulmonary fibrosis was induced following inoculation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia intranasally in balb/c mice. fibrosis was associated with formation of granulomas, increase in lung hydroxyproline, and sustained increases in tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta. this study suggests a role for these cytokines in generation of pulmonary fibrosis associated with chronic granulomatous infectious diseases.19989574786
treatment of paracoccidioides brasiliensis-infected mice with a nitric oxide inhibitor prevents the failure of cell-mediated immune response.the activation of the nitric oxide (no) production system and its involvement in the control of the lung fungal burden and in immunosuppression mechanisms were studied during the course of paracoccidioides brasiliensis-infected mice. mice that had been infected with the fungus were treated daily with a specific inhibitor of no synthesis, n omega-nitro-l-arginine, or with buffered saline (control); no production was assessed on the basis of spontaneous no2- production by bronchoalveolar and perit ...19989743371
involvement of the major glycoprotein (gp43) of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in attachment to macrophages.the yeast form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the causative agent of a deep mycosis in humans, is known to be phagocytized by, and to multiply inside, macrophages. in this work we describe the involvement of gp43, a major antigenic protein of p. brasiliensis, in the initial steps of attachment of the fungus to macrophages. anti-gp43 f(ab) polyclonal fragments were capable of inhibiting phagocytosis in a concentration-dependent manner. sheep red blood cells sensitized with purified gp43 were m ...199810206751
antigenic relationship between loboa loboi and paracoccidioides brasiliensis as shown by serological methods.lobomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis are two different mycoses caused by loboa loboi and paracoccidioides brasiliensis, respectively. to verify cross-antigenicity between them, lobomycosis sera were tested by immunoblotting, elisa and capture-eia against crude exo-antigen, 'cell-free antigen' and gp43 from p. brasiliensis. the majority of lobomycosis serum samples recognized crude exo-antigens and gp43 from p. brasiliensis. gp43 was eluted from an affinity column prepared with igg from a patie ...199810206752
cytokines produced by susceptible and resistant mice in the course of paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is the most prevalent deep mycosis in latin america and presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. we established a genetically controlled murine model of pcm, where a/sn mice develop an infection which mimics the benign disease (immune responses which favor cellular immunity) and b10.a animals present the progressive disseminated form of pcm (preferential activation of b cells and impairment of cellular immune responses). to understand the immunoregulatory ...19989698765
short report: use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect paracoccidioides brasiliensis in murine paracoccidioidomycosis.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect the presence of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a murine model of disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis. using a previously identified p. brasiliensis-specific dna sequence, p. brasiliensis dna was detected in serum of five experimentally infected mice. the pcr method was able to detect as little as 10 pg of p. brasiliensis dna in serum, and it was more sensitive than blood culture isolation (five of five were pcr positive versus two of five ...19989502596
antigenemia in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis: detection of the 87-kilodalton determinant during and after antifungal therapy.serological diagnosis and follow-up of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) patients have relied mainly on the detection of antibody responses by using techniques such as complement fixation (cf) and immunodiffusion. we recently described a novel inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (inh-elisa) which proved to be useful in the diagnosis of pcm via the detection of an 87-kda determinant in patient sera (b. l. gomez, j. i. figueroa, a. j. hamilton, b. ortiz, m. a. robledo, r. j. hay, and a. restre ...19989774584
electrophoretic karyotypes and genome sizing of the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.here we present the karyotype analysis and genome sizing of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a pathogen refractory to conventional genetic analysis. we have established pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) conditions to resolve the high-molecular-weight chromosomal bands of two clinical isolates of p. brasiliensis. both isolates showed four megabase-sized bands, ranging from 2.0 to 10.0 mbp. significant differences in chromosome sizes and in the chromosomal location of genes for the gp43 antige ...19989508305
[renal anatomopathological changes in patients with acquired immunodeficiency deficiency syndrome].renal anatomopathological lesions were studied among 119 aids patients from faculdade de medicina do triângulo mineiro's university hospital (uberaba, mg, brazil). from formalin-fixed blocks, slides were obtained and studied by light microscopy. of 119 patients, 67 presented tubulointerstitial nephritis (tin), 18 inespecific, 2 xantogranulomatous and infections agents were found in 48 as follows: mycosis in 28 (16 cryptococcus sp; 9 histoplasma sp, 1 candida sp e 2 paracoccidioides brasiliensis) ...19989789445
molecular genetic variation in emmonsia crescens and emmonsia parva, etiologic agents of adiaspiromycosis, and their phylogenetic relationship to blastomyces dermatitidis (ajellomyces dermatitidis) and other systemic fungal pathogens.emmonsia crescens, an agent of adiaspiromycosis, blastomyces dermatitidis, the agent of blastomycosis, and histoplasma capsulatum, the agent of histoplasmosis, are known to form meiotic (sexual) stages in the ascomycete genus ajellomyces (onygenaceae, onygenales), but no sexual stage is known for e. parva, the type species of the genus emmonsia. to evaluate relationships among members of the putative ajellomyces clade, large-subunit ribosomal and internal transcribed spacer region dna sequences ...19989738044
detection of circulating paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen in urine of paracoccidioidomycosis patients before and during treatment.for the diagnosis and follow-up of paracoccidioidomycosis patients undergoing therapy, we evaluated two methods (immunoblotting and competition enzyme immunoassay) for the detection of circulating antigen in urine samples. a complex pattern of reactivity was observed in the immunoblot test. bands of 70 and 43 kda were detected more often in urine samples from patients before treatment. the immunoblot method detected gp43 and gp70 separately or concurrently in 11 (91.7%) of 12 patients, whereas t ...19989620407
use of the 27-kilodalton recombinant protein from paracoccidioides brasiliensis in serodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm) is one of the most important endemic mycoses in latin america; it is usually diagnosed by observation and/or isolation of the etiologic agent, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, as well as by a variety of immunological methods. although the latter are effective, two circumstances, cross-reactions with other mycotic agents and antigen preparation that is marked by extreme variability among lots, hinder proper standardization of the procedures. to circumvent this lack of r ...19989801343
lysis of paracoccidioides brasiliensis by zygosporium geminatum.zygosporium geminatum, isolated as a contaminant in a culture of the mycelial phase of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, was lethal to the latter organism. its lytic action was due to exocellular alpha-1,3- and beta-1,3-glucanases which degraded the p. brasiliensis cell wall. the alpha-1,3-glucanase was more active at 30 degrees c and the beta-1,3-glucanase at 23 degrees c, each having ph 6.0 as its optimum.19989776817
paracoccidioidomycotic aortitis with embolization to the lower limbs. report of a case and review of the literature.the authors report a clinical case of a 60-year-old caucasian man, with two episodes of arterial embolization in the lower limbs. a microscope investigation of the emboli revealed that they originated from fungal aortitis caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis. a review of aortic infections showed only one similar report of this rare clinical expression of blastomycosis. the authors suggest a routine postoperative search for emboli followed by culture and histopathology.19989833714
comparative studies on the antibody repertoire produced by susceptible and resistant mice to virulent and nonvirulent paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates.the specific recognition pattern of antibodies produced by susceptible and resistant mice infected with the low virulence paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolate (pb265) was examined by an immunoblotting procedure and compared with that of antibodies produced by highly virulent isolate (pb18) in infected mice. both mouse strains produced igg antibodies to 13 of the 16 major antigen bands, and showed a recognition pattern similar to sera from mice infected with the virulent isolate. nevertheless, t ...19989886208
mapping of the t-cell epitope in the major 43-kilodalton glycoprotein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis which induces a th-1 response protective against fungal infection in balb/c mice.the 43-kda glycoprotein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the major diagnostic antigen of paracoccidioidomycosis, the prevalent systemic mycosis of latin america. apart from eliciting high antibody titers, gp43 is also immunodominant in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in infected animals and humans. the cellular immune response in mice to gp43 administered in complete freund's adjuvant involves cd4+ th-1 lymphocytes, secreting gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and interleukin 2 (il-2) but n ...19989453642
molecular cloning and sequencing of a chitin synthase gene (chs2) of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the nucleotide sequence of a chitin synthase gene (chs2) of the dimorphic fungal human pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of chs2p consists of 1043 residues and is highly homologous to other class ii fungal chitin synthases. computational structural analyses suggest very high similarity to other fungal chitin synthases with a highly variable region at the cytosolic amino-terminal region which may be related to its possible zymogenic nature ...19989483806
isolation of a paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain from the soil of a coffee plantation in ibiá, state of minas gerais, brazil.paracoccidioides brasiliensis has rarely been isolated from its habitat in rural areas. in order to investigate the hypothesis that human infection with this fungus is linked to coffee plantations (coffea arabica), material was collected monthly over a period of 1 year from farms in the town of ibiá, state of minas gerais, brazil. a total of 760 samples of soil, coffee leaves and fruits was cultured and inoculated into mice. a fungus isolated from the liver of a mouse inoculated with soil showed ...19989776810
isolation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from armadillos (dasypus noveminctus) captured in an endemic area of paracoccidioidomycosis.paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), was first isolated from armadillos from the amazonian region where the mycosis is uncommon. in the present study, we report on the high incidence of pcm infection in armadillos from a hyperendemic region of the disease. four nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) were captured in the endemic area of botucatu, sao paulo, brazil, killed by manual cervical dislocation and autopsied under sterile conditions. f ...19989574800
geographic discrimination of paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains by randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis.randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of 33 paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains from argentina, brazil, colombia, peru, and venezuela produced reproducible amplification products which were sufficiently polymorphic to allow differentiation of the strains. types generated with five primers (opg 03, opg 05, opg 14, opg 16, and opg 18) resulted in a high discriminatory index (0.956). the discriminatory index was slightly reduced (0.940) when only two primers (opg 3 and opg 14) were u ...19989620409
virulence factors in fungi of systemic mycoses.pathogenic fungi that cause systemic mycoses retain several factors which allow their growth in adverse conditions provided by the host, leading to the establishment of the parasitic relationship and contributing to disease development. these factors are known as virulence factors which favor the infection process and the pathogenesis of the mycoses. the present study evaluates the virulence factors of pathogenic fungi such as blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoforma ...19989830725
anionogenic groups and surface sialoglycoconjugate structures of yeast forms of the human pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis.the surface anionogenic groups and sialoglycoconjugate structures of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast forms were analysed by cell microelectrophoresis, binding assays with lectins and viral particles, ultrastructural cytochemistry, enzymic digestion and flow cytofluorimetry. p. brasiliensis yeast forms, particularly the budding primordia, reacted strongly with cationized ferritin. binding assays showed that the reaction with sialic-acid-specific limax flavus lectin (lfa) was distributed over ...19989493368
structure elucidation of sphingolipids from the mycopathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis: an immunodominant beta-galactofuranose residue is carried by a novel glycosylinositol phosphorylceramide antigen.two major acidic glycolipid components (pb-1 and pb-2) have been extracted from the mycopathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermally dimorphic fungus endemic to rural areas of south and central america. sera of all patients exhibiting paracoccidioidomycosis were found to be reactive with pb-1, but not with pb-2; no reactivity was observed with sera of healthy patients or those with histoplasmosis [toledo, m. s., suzuki, s., straus, a. h., and takahashi, h. k. (1995) j. med. vet. mycol. 33 ...19989628738
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