Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| intravenous pathogenicity of influenza virus a/h5n1/2014 isolated from pig in ogbomoso, nigeria. | understanding the pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses in poultry is an important scientific and public health challenge because of antigenic shift/drift and a source of novel, potentially human-pathogenic strains. we have previously isolated an influenza a strain (h5n1/2014/ogbomoso) from an outbreak among pig and have now aimed to assess its pathogenicity in an avian host and to categorize it as a low or high pathogenic strain. intravenous pathogenicity index of the isolated virus was assa ... | 2018 | 30483460 |
| protective efficacy of an inactivated chimeric h5 avian influenza vaccine against h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clades 2.3.4.4 and 2.3.2.1. | the h5 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses pose a serious challenge to public health and the poultry industry in china. in this study, we generated a chimeric qh/kj recombinant virus expressing the entire haemagglutinin (ha)-1 region of the hpai virus a/chicken/china/qh/2017(h5n6) (clade 2.3.4.4) and the ha2 region of the hpai virus a/chicken/china/kj/2017(h5n1) (clade 2.3.2.1). the resulting chimeric pr8-qh/kj virus exhibited similar in vitro growth kinetics as the paren ... | 2018 | 30358528 |
| overexpression of chicken irf7 increased viral replication and programmed cell death to the avian influenza virus infection through tgf-beta/foxo signaling axis in df-1. | during mammalian viral infections, interferon regulatory factor 7 (irf7) partners with irf3 to regulate the type i interferon response. in chickens, however, it is still unclear how irf7 functions in the host innate immune response, especially given that irf3 is absent. to further elucidate the functional role of chicken irf7 during avian influenza virus (aiv) infection, we generated inducible irf7 overexpression df-1 cell lines and performed in vitro infection using low pathogenic aivs (lpaivs) ... | 2018 | 30356848 |
| isolation and characterization of novel reassortant h6n1 avian influenza viruses from chickens in eastern china. | the h6n1 subtype of avian influenza viruses (aivs) can infect people with an influenza-like illness; the h6n1 viruses possess the ability for zoonotic transmission from avians into mammals, and possibly pose a threat to human health. | 2018 | 30355336 |
| the culture of primary duck endothelial cells for the study of avian influenza. | endothelial cells play a major role in highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus pathogenesis in gallinaceous poultry species (e.g. chicken, turkey and quail). upon infection of gallinaceous poultry with hpai viruses, endothelial cells throughout the body become rapidly infected, leading to systemic dissemination of the virus, disseminated intravascular coagulation, oedema and haemorrhaging. in contrast, the pathogenesis of hpai viruses in most wild bird species (e.g. duck, goose and gull s ... | 2018 | 30340527 |
| creating disease resistant chickens: a viable solution to avian influenza? | influenza a virus (iav) represents an ongoing threat to human and animal health worldwide. the generation of iav-resistant chickens through genetic modification and/or selective breeding may help prevent viral spread. the feasibility of creating genetically modified birds has already been demonstrated with the insertion of transgenes that target iav into the genomes of chickens. this approach has been met with some success in minimising the spread of iav but has limitations in terms of its abili ... | 2018 | 30326625 |
| a 113-amino-acid truncation at the ns1 c-terminus is a determinant for viral replication of h5n6 avian influenza virus in vitro and in vivo. | virulence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aiv) is determined by multiple genes and their encoded proteins. in particular, the nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) of viruses is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in type i interferon (ifn) antagonism, pathogenicity, and determining viral host range. naturally-occurring truncation or mutation of ns1 during virus evolution attenuates viral replication and pathogenicity, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain ... | 2018 | 30322535 |
| co-expression of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase by heterologous newcastle disease virus vectors protected chickens against h5 clade 2.3.4.4 hpai viruses. | avian influenza remains an important zoonotic disease with a significant global impact. the spread of h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses (clade 2.3.4.4) by migratory birds has caused outbreaks in wide geographic regions (asia, europe, and north america) with great economic losses during 2014-2015. efficient vaccines and vaccination approaches are needed to enhance protective immunity against hpai viruses. although several vaccination strategies have been developed, none has been ... | 2018 | 30443041 |
| pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of novel reassortant low-pathogenic avian influenza h7 viruses isolated from migratory birds in the republic of korea in the winter of 2016-2017. | in this study, we characterized h7 subtype low-pathogenicity (lp) influenza a viruses (iavs) isolated from wild bird habitats in the republic of korea from 2010 to early 2017. through national surveillance, 104 h7 iavs were isolated, accounting for an average of 14.9% of annual iav isolations. in early 2017, h7 subtypes accounted for an unusually high prevalence (43.6%) of iav detections in wild birds. phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the viruses isolated in the winter of 2016-2017 fell w ... | 2018 | 30442892 |
| a multiplex xtag assay for the simultaneous detection of five chicken immunosuppressive viruses. | chicken anemia virus (cav), avian reovirus (arv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), marek's disease virus (mdv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) all cause immunosuppressive disease in birds through vertical or horizontal transmission. mixed infections with these immunosuppressive pathogens lead to atypical clinical signs and obstruct accurate diagnoses and epidemiological investigations. therefore, it is essential to develop a high-throughput assay for the simultaneous detection of th ... | 2018 | 30442149 |
| interaction between avian influenza subtype h9n2 and newcastle disease virus vaccine strain (lasota) in chickens. | h9n2 avian influenza virus is endemic in egyptian poultry flocks. the role of the live viral vaccines such as lasota in exaggeration of the clinical picture of h9n2 infection under field conditions is significantly important leading to severe economic losses due to higher mortality and lower growth performance. this experiment was designed to identify the possible interaction between experimental infection with h9n2 virus and ndv live vaccine (lasota strain) in broiler chickens. six groups each ... | 2018 | 30458777 |
| prevalence of avian influenza a(h5) and a(h9) viruses in live bird markets, bangladesh. | we conducted a cross-sectional study in live bird markets (lbms) in dhaka and chittagong, bangladesh, to estimate the prevalence of avian influenza a(h5) and a(h9) viruses in different types of poultry and environmental areas by using bayesian hierarchical logistic regression models. we detected these viruses in nearly all lbms. prevalence of a(h5) virus was higher in waterfowl than in chickens, whereas prevalence of a(h9) virus was higher in chickens than in waterfowl and, among chicken types, ... | 2018 | 30457545 |
| genotype frequency contributions of mx1 gene in eight chicken breeds under different selection pressures. | chicken mx1 gene, as a positive antiviral gene, has been reported to provide resistance to several viruses especially avian influenza virus. in present research, the genotype frequency contributions of chicken mx1 polymorphisms were characterized in five lowly selected as well as one moderately selected sichuan native chicken populations and two highly selected commercial chicken breeds. together with two newly-identified mutation sites (r.8a > g and r.1257t > c), a total of 13 single nucleotide ... | 2018 | 30456017 |
| viral shedding of clade 2.3.4.4 h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza a viruses by american robins. | american robins (turdus migratorius) are commonly associated with farmsteads in the united states and have shown previous evidence of exposure to an h5 avian influenza a virus (iav) near a poultry production facility affected by a highly pathogenic (hp) h5 virus in iowa, usa during 2015. we experimentally infected american robins with three clade 2.3.4.4 hp h5 viruses (h5n2 and h5n8). a total of 22/24 american robins shed virus, and all three strains were represented. the highest virus titres sh ... | 2018 | 30014592 |
| experimental infection of h5n1 and h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in northern pintail (anas acuta). | the wide geographic spread of eurasian goose/guangdong lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) clade 2.3.4.4 viruses by wild birds is of great concern. in december 2014, an h5n8 hpai clade 2.3.4.4 group a (2.3.4.4a) virus was introduced to north america. long-distance migratory wild aquatic birds between east asia and north america, such as northern pintail (anas acuta), were strongly suspected of being a source of intercontinental transmission. in this study, we evaluated the pathogeni ... | 2018 | 29726612 |
| influenza a virus recovery, diversity, and intercontinental exchange: a multi-year assessment of wild bird sampling at izembek national wildlife refuge, alaska. | western alaska is a potential point-of-entry for foreign-origin influenza a viruses (iavs) into north america via migratory birds. we sampled waterfowl and gulls for iavs at izembek national wildlife refuge (nwr) in western alaska, usa, during late summer and autumn months of 2011-2015, to evaluate the abundance and diversity of viruses at this site. we collected 4842 samples across five years from 25 species of wild birds resulting in the recovery, isolation, and sequencing of 172 iavs. with th ... | 2018 | 29621333 |
| corrigendum: mucosal and systemic immune responses to influenza h7n9 antigen ha1-2 co-delivered intranasally with flagellin or polyethyleneimine in mice and chickens. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00326.]. | 2018 | 30131811 |
| enhanced th1/th2 mixed immune responses elicited by polyethyleneimine adjuvanted influenza a (h7n9) antigen ha1-2 in chickens. | influenza a (h7n9) viruses have caused severe human infections and deaths every year in china since 2013. to reduce the risk of human infection and prevent a new influenza pandemic, there is a pressing need to develop safe and effective anti-h7n9 vaccines for poultry. polyethyleneimine (pei) is an organic polycation used extensively as a transfection reagent for decades. although the adjuvant potential of pei is well studied in mammals, its applicability and immune characteristics to avian speci ... | 2018 | 30085299 |
| high frequency of reassortment after co-infection of chickens with the h4n6 and h9n2 influenza a viruses and the biological characteristics of the reassortants. | h4 and h9 avian influenza viruses (aivs) are two of the most prevalent influenza viruses worldwide. the co-existence of h4 and h9 viruses in multiple avian species provides an opportunity for the generation of novel reassortants and for viral evolution. the diversity of the biological characteristics of the reassortants enhances the potential threat to the poultry industry and to public health. to evaluate the reassortment of these viruses and the potential public risk of the reassortants, we co ... | 2018 | 30080665 |
| influenza a(h5n1) viruses with a(h9n2) single gene (matrix or pb1) reassortment isolated from cambodian live bird markets. | live bird market surveillance for avian influenza viruses in cambodia in 2015 has led to the detection of two 7:1 reassortant influenza a(h5n1) clade 2.3.2.1c viruses. these reassortant strains, designated a/duck/cambodia/z564w35m1/2015 and a/chicken/cambodia/z850w49m1/2015, both contained a single gene (pb1 and matrix gene, respectively) from concurrently circulating a(h9n2) influenza viruses. all other viral genes from both isolates clustered with a(h5n1) clade 2.3.2.1 viruses. continued and p ... | 2018 | 30075357 |
| evolution of high pathogenicity of h5 avian influenza virus: haemagglutinin cleavage site selection of reverse-genetics mutants during passage in chickens. | low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) are generally asymptomatic in their natural avian hosts. lpaivs can evolve into highly pathogenic forms, which can affect avian and human populations with devastating consequences. the switch to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) from lpaiv precursors requires the acquisition of multiple basic amino acids in the haemagglutinin cleavage site (hacs) motif. through reverse genetics of an h5n1 hpaiv, and experimental infection of chicke ... | 2018 | 30068964 |
| a 28-day subchronic feeding study of chicken injected by genetically modified dna-vaccine of avian influenzas in sprague-dawley rats. | the safety of veterinary vaccines based on the meat vaccinated by modified highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) vaccine after oral ingestion was evaluated. the assessment was conducted in sprague-dawley rats by a 28-days feeding study. we incorporated meat from vaccinated chicken and non-vaccinated chicken into rodent diets at two concentrations (7.5%, 15%) and administered to sprague-dawley rats (n = 10/sex/group) for 28 days. a commercialized rodent diet was fed to an additional group as c ... | 2018 | 30056246 |
| development of immunochromatographic test strips for rapid, quantitative detection of h9aiv antibodies. | to improve viral antibody detection and disease control, laboratories need faster and simpler methods for direct detection of h9aiv in clinical samples. in this study, test strips were developed for rapid detection of h9aiv antibodies in poultry serum by a sandwich method with double-line detection. the hemagglutinin protein was labeled with colloidal gold as a detection reagent and was blotted on the test lines, while goat anti-rabbit igg was utilized on the control line of the nitrocellulose m ... | 2018 | 30055377 |
| deep sequencing of the mouse lung transcriptome reveals distinct long non-coding rnas expression associated with the high virulence of h5n1 avian influenza virus in mice. | long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) play multiple key regulatory roles in various biological processes. however, their function in influenza a virus (iav) pathogenicity remains largely unexplored. here, using next generation sequencing, we systemically compared the whole-transcriptome response of the mouse lung infected with either the highly pathogenic (a/chicken/jiangsu/k0402/2010, ck10) or the nonpathogenic (a/goose/jiangsu/k0403/2010, gs10) h5n1 virus. a total of 126 significantly differentially ... | 2018 | 30052469 |
| compatibility between haemagglutinin and neuraminidase drives the recent emergence of novel clade 2.3.4.4 h5nx avian influenza viruses in china. | genetic reassortments between highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5 subtype viruses with different neuraminidase (na) subtypes have increased in prevalence since 2010 in wild birds and poultry from china. the ha gene slightly evolved from clade 2.3.4 to clade 2.3.4.4, raising the question of whether novel clade 2.3.4.4 ha broke the balance with n1 but is matched well with nax to drive viral epidemics. to clarify the role of compatibility between ha and na on the prevalence of h5nx subtypes ... | 2018 | 29999588 |
| h9n2 influenza viruses from bangladesh: transmission in chicken and new world quail. | the h9n2 influenza viruses that have become established in bangladeshi live poultry markets possess five gene segments of the highly pathogenic h7n3 avian influenza virus. we assessed the replication, transmission, and disease potential of three h9n2 viruses in chickens and new world quail. each virus replicated to high titers and transmitted by the airborne route to contacts in both species. infected chickens showed no disease signs, and the viruses differed in their disease potential in new wo ... | 2018 | 29989679 |
| transcriptional response to a prime/boost vaccination of chickens with three vaccine variants based on ha dna and pichia-produced ha protein. | highly pathogenic avian influenza causes severe economic losses and is a potential threat to public health. better knowledge of the mechanisms of chicken response to the novel types of vaccines against avian influenza might be helpful in their successful implementation into poultry vaccination programs in different countries. this work presents a comprehensive analysis of gene expression response elicited in chicken spleens by a combined dna/recombinant protein prime/boost vaccination compared t ... | 2018 | 29986836 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza a/h5n1 clade 2.3.2.1c virus in poultry in cameroon, 2016-2017. | in may 2016, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the subtype a/h5n1 was detected in cameroon in an industrial poultry farm at mvog-betsi, yaoundé (centre region), with a recorded sudden increase of deaths among chickens, and an overall mortality rate of 75%. the virus spread further and caused new outbreaks in some parts of the country. in total, 21 outbreaks were confirmed from may 2016 to march 2017 (six in the centre, six in the west, eight in the south and one in the adamaoua regions) ... | 2018 | 29985640 |
| novel mutations in avian pa in combination with an adaptive mutation in pr8 np exacerbate the virulence of pr8-derived recombinant influenza a viruses in mice. | the polymerase complex of the low-pathogenic avian influenza virus [a/chicken/korea/kbnp-0028/2000] (0028) has previously been characterized, and novel amino acid residues present in the polymerase acidic protein (pa) that likely contribute to pathogenicity toward mammals have been identified. in the present study, our aims were to generate a/puerto rico/8/34 (pr8)-derived recombinant viruses containing the 0028-pa gene with a single amino acid mutation and to test their pathogenicity and replic ... | 2018 | 29981696 |
| investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (phasianus colchicus) in northwestern germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens. | the population of ring-necked pheasants (phasianus colchicus) is decreasing all over germany since the years 2008/2009. besides impacts of habitat changes caused by current rates of land conversion, climatic influences or predators, a contribution of infectious pathogens needs also to be considered. infectious and non-infectious diseases in free-living populations of ring-necked pheasants have been scarcely investigated so far. in the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasan ... | 2018 | 32214944 |
| genetic evidence for the intercontinental movement of avian influenza viruses possessing north american-origin nonstructural gene allele b into south korea. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) are genetically separated by geographical barriers, resulting in the independent evolution of north american and eurasian lineages. in the present study, to determine whether aivs possessing the north american-origin nonstructural (ns) gene were previously introduced into south korea, we performed a genetic analysis of aivs isolated from fecal samples of migratory birds. we detected seven viruses possessing the north american-origin ns allele b among 413 aiv-positi ... | 2018 | 30196122 |
| neutralizing antibodies to type a influenza viruses in shorebirds at delaware bay, new jersey, usa. | influenza a virus (iav) infections in shorebirds at delaware bay, new jersey, us, have historically included avian hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes h1-13 and h16. in a given year, infections are characterized by a limited number of ha and neuraminidase subtypes and a dominant ha subtype that often represents >50% of all isolates. predominant ha subtypes shift between consecutive years. in addition, infection prevalence is consistently higher in ruddy turnstones (rutu; arenaria interpres morinella) co ... | 2018 | 29741997 |
| the cloacal microbiome of five wild duck species varies by species and influenza a virus infection status. | waterfowl, especially ducks of the genus anas, are natural reservoir species for influenza a virus (iav). duck populations contain nearly all the known diversity of iavs, and the birds are asymptomatic to infection. previous work established that iav infection status is correlated with changes in the cloacal microbiome in juvenile mallards. here, we analyze five anas species to determine whether these duck species have similar iav+ and iav- cloacal microbiomes, or if the relationships among a ho ... | 2018 | 30355662 |
| identification of different hemagglutinin isoforms of influenza a virus h1n1. | influenza a viruses (iavs) are still a threat to human health and life. the process of virus infection involves a series of biological regulations, such as signal transduction, that may be closely linked with the function of glycoproteins. however, the number and level of glycoproteins is low compared with other proteins in the whole protein pool. | 2018 | 29857349 |
| antigenic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n1) viruses with chicken and ferret antisera reveals clade-dependent variation in hemagglutination inhibition profiles. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n1) viruses pose a significant economic burden to the poultry industry worldwide and have pandemic potential. poultry vaccination against hpai a(h5n1) viruses has been an important component of hpai control measures and has been performed in vietnam since 2005. to systematically assess antigenic matching of current vaccines to circulating field variants, we produced a panel of chicken and ferret antisera raised against historical and contemporary viet ... | 2018 | 29855467 |
| examination of the effects of virus inactivation methods on the induction of antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses against whole inactivated h9n2 avian influenza virus vaccines in chickens. | several types of avian influenza virus (aiv) vaccines exist, including live-attenuated, vectored, and whole inactivated virus (wiv) vaccines. inactivated vaccines offer some advantages compared to other types of vaccines, including ease of production and lack of ability to revert to a virulent state. however, wiv are poorly immunogenic, especially when these vaccines are delivered to mucosal surfaces. there are several factors that contribute to the immunogenicity of vaccines, one of which is th ... | 2018 | 29853199 |
| quantitative elisa sandwich for a new vaccine against avian influenza virus h5n1. | analytical techniques are essential in the process of standardizing and validating vaccines. in this study we described a methodology to establish an elisa sandwich for the quantification of a new vaccine against avian influenza virus h5n1 based on the main antigenic determinant of the virus, the extracellular domain of the glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha), fused to the extracellular domain of the chicken cd154 glycoprotein (hacd). the chimerical proteins ha and hacd were produced in siha cells a ... | 2018 | 29803776 |
| erratum: author correction: newcastle disease virus-based h5 influenza vaccine protects chickens from lethal challenge with a highly pathogenic h5n2 avian influenza virus. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1038/s41541-017-0034-4.]. | 2018 | 29799537 |
| from low to high pathogenicity-characterization of h7n7 avian influenza viruses in two epidemiologically linked outbreaks. | the ability of low pathogenic (lp) avian influenza viruses (aiv) of the subtypes h5 and h7 to mutate spontaneously to highly pathogenic (hp) variants is the main reason for their stringent control. on-the-spot evidence from the field of mutations in lpaiv to render the virus into nascent hp variants is scarce. epidemiological investigations and molecular characterization of two spatiotemporally linked outbreaks caused by lp, and subsequently, hpaiv h7n7 in two-layer farms in germany yielded such ... | 2018 | 29790657 |
| avian influenza virus subtype h9n2 affects intestinal microbiota, barrier structure injury, and inflammatory intestinal disease in the chicken ileum. | avian influenza virus subtype h9n2 (h9n2 aiv) has caused significant losses to the poultry industry due to the high mortality associated with secondary infections attributable to e. coli. this study tries to address the underlying secondary mechanisms after h9n2 aiv infection. initially, nine day-old specific pathogen-free chickens were assigned to control (uninfected) and h9n2-infected groups, respectively. using illumina sequencing, histological examination, and quantitative real-time pcr, it ... | 2018 | 29783653 |
| enhanced infection of avian influenza virus h9n2 with infectious laryngeotracheitis vaccination in chickens. | avian influenza and infectious laryngeotracheitis viruses are common causes of respiratory diseases in chickens with economical importance worldwide. in this study, we investigated the effect of experimental co-infection of avian influenza virus-h9n2 (aiv-h9n2) with infectious laryngeotracheitis virus (iltv) live-attenuated vaccine (lar-vac®) on chickens. four experimental groups were included in this study: negative control group, aiv-h9n2 group, aiv-h9n2+lar-vac® group, and lar-vac® group. aiv ... | 2018 | 29778208 |
| genetic analysis and biological characteristics of different internal gene origin h5n6 reassortment avian influenza virus in china in 2016. | clade 2.3.4.4 of h5n6 subtype avian influenza viruses (aivs) has become dominant clade in south-east asia. so far, a total of 16 cases of human infection, including 6 deaths, have been confirmed since 2014. in this study, we systematically investigated the genetic evolution and biological characteristics of these viruses. we first carried out phylogenetic and statistical analysis of all h5n6 viruses that were downloaded from influenza research database, gisaid and isolates from our lab. we found ... | 2018 | 29778197 |
| zataria multiflora essential oil reduces replication rate of avian influenza virus (h9n2 subtype) in challenged broiler chicks. | 1. the effect of zataria multiflora essential oil on replication rate of the h9n2 virus in target organs was determined by real-time pcr. one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups and were challenged with h9n2 influenza. two groups received either 20 or 40 µl/kg body weight/day zataria multiflora essential oils (zm) seven days before the challenge while two other groups received the essential oil at the same dosage but after h9n2 challenge. one group received 4 mg/kg body ... | 2018 | 29768944 |
| detection of an avian lineage influenza a(h7n2) virus in air and surface samples at a new york city feline quarantine facility. | in december 2016, an outbreak of low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) a(h7n2) occurred in cats at a new york city animal shelter and quickly spread to other shelters in new york and pennsylvania. the a(h7n2) virus also spread to an attending veterinarian. in response, 500 cats were transferred from these shelters to a temporary quarantine facility for continued monitoring and treatment. | 2018 | 29768714 |
| low pathogenic avian influenza exposure risk assessment in australian commercial chicken farms. | this study investigated the pathways of exposure to low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) virus among australian commercial chicken farms and estimated the likelihood of this exposure occurring using scenario trees and a stochastic modeling approach following the world organization for animal health methodology for risk assessment. input values for the models were sourced from scientific literature and an on-farm survey conducted during 2015 and 2016 among australian commercial chicken farms loc ... | 2018 | 29755987 |
| gene cloning, expression and immune adjuvant properties of the recombinant fusion peptide tα1-blp on avian influenza inactivate virus vaccine. | thymosin α1 (tα1) and bursin-like peptide (blp) are both immunopotentiators. in order to investigate adjuvant of thymosin α1-bursin-like peptide (tα1-blp), we cloned the gene of tα1-blp and provided evidence that the gene of tα1-blp in a recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid was successfully expressed in e. coli bl21. to evaluate the immune adjuvant properties of tα1-blp, chickens were immunized with tα1-blp combined with h9n2 avian influenza whole-inactivated virus (wiv). the titers of hi ... | 2018 | 29730515 |
| characterization of an avian influenza virus h9n2 strain isolated from dove in southern china. | we report here the complete genome sequence of strain h9n2, an avian influenza virus (aiv) isolated from dove in guangxi, china. phylogenetic analysis showed that it was a novel reassortant aiv derived from chicken, duck, and wild bird. this finding provides useful information for understanding the h9n2 subtype of aiv circulating in southern china. | 2018 | 29724842 |
| genomic prediction of avian influenza infection outcome in layer chickens. | avian influenza (ai) is a devastating poultry disease that currently can be controlled only by liquidation of affected flocks. in spite of typically very high mortality rates, a group of survivors was identified and genotyped on a 600k single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) chip to identify genetic differences between survivors, and age- and genetics-matched controls from unaffected flocks. in a previous analysis of this dataset, a heritable component was identified and several regions that are as ... | 2018 | 29720082 |
| h7n9 avian influenza virus is efficiently transmissible and induces an antibody response in chickens. | h7n9 viruses pose a threat to human health and they are no less harmful to the poultry industry than the h5n1 avian influenza viruses. however, the pathogenesis, transmissibility, and the host immune response of the h7n9 virus in chickens and mice remain unclear. in this study, we found that h7n9 viruses replicated in multiple organs of the chicken and viral shedding persisted up to 30 days postinoculation (dpi). the viruses were efficiently transmitted between chickens through direct contact. n ... | 2018 | 29706970 |
| evaluation of two compressed air foam systems for culling caged layer hens. | outbreaks of avian influenza (ai) and other highly contagious poultry diseases continue to be a concern for those involved in the poultry industry. in the situation of an outbreak, emergency depopulation of the birds involved is necessary. in this project, two compressed air foam systems (cafs) were evaluated for mass emergency depopulation of layer hens in a manure belt equipped cage system. in both experiments, a randomized block design was used with multiple commercial layer hens treated with ... | 2018 | 29695072 |
| phylogeography of h5n1 avian influenza virus in indonesia. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses of the h5n1 subtype are a major concern to human and animal health in indonesia. this study aimed to characterize transmission dynamics of h5n1 over time using novel bayesian phylogeography methods to identify factors which have influenced the spread of h5n1 in indonesia. we used publicly available hemagglutinin sequence data sampled between 2003 and 2016 to model ancestral state reconstruction of hpai h5n1 evolution. we found strong support for h ... | 2018 | 29691995 |
| assessment of biosecurity level in small-scale broiler farms in the western highlands of cameroon (central africa). | the recent outbreak of avian influenza in the poultry sector of cameroon has raised a concern about the level of implementation of biosecurity measures (bm) on poultry farms. therefore, a study using a questionnaire on 102 randomly selected poultry farms was undertaken. some measures with high adoption levels (> 90%) included "protection of airing openings of poultry barns by a wire mesh," "no external animal allowed to enter the farm," "respect of all-in all-out principle," "functional footbath ... | 2018 | 29687218 |
| low- and high-pathogenic avian influenza h5 and h7 spread risk assessment within and between australian commercial chicken farms. | this study quantified and compared the probability of avian influenza (ai) spread within and between australian commercial chicken farms via specified spread pathways using scenario tree mathematical modeling. input values for the models were sourced from scientific literature, expert opinion, and a farm survey conducted during 2015 and 2016 on australian commercial chicken farms located in new south wales (nsw) and queensland. outputs from the models indicate that the probability of no establis ... | 2018 | 29686993 |
| n-halamine incorporated antimicrobial nonwoven fabrics for use against avian influenza virus. | airborne pathogens are one of the most common avenues leading to poultry diseases. preventing the avian influenza (ai) virus from entering the chicken hatchery house is critical for reducing the spread and transmission of ai disease. many studies have investigated the incorporation of antimicrobials into air filters to prevent viruses from entering the indoor environment. n-halamines are one of the most effective antimicrobial agents against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. in this study, 1-c ... | 2018 | 29685225 |
| analysis of antigen conservation and inactivation of gamma-irradiated avian influenza virus subtype h9n2. | avian influenza (ai) a subtype h9n2 virus belongs to orthomyxoviridae family and causes low-pathogenic disease ai. the use of gamma-irradiated viral antigens has been developed in the production of effective vaccines. in this research, lpaiv h9n2 strain, a/chicken/irn/ghazvin/2001, was multiplied on spf eggs and irradiated by a nordian gamma cell instrument. irradiated and non-irradiated ai virus (aiv) samples were titrated by eid50 method and hemagglutinin (ha) antigen was analyzed by ha test a ... | 2018 | 29685054 |
| influenza viral vectors expressing two kinds of ha proteins as bivalent vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 h5 and h7n9. | the h5 and h7n9 subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) in china pose a serious challenge to public health and the poultry industry. in this study, a replication competent recombinant influenza a virus of the í5n1 subtype expressing the h7 ha1 protein from a tri-cistronic ns segment was constructed. a heterologous dimerization domain was used to combine with the truncated ns1 protein of 73 amino acids to increase protein stability. h7 ha1, nuclear export protein coding reg ... | 2018 | 29670587 |
| intranasal administration of inactivated avian influenza virus of h5n1 subtype vaccine-induced systemic immune response in chicken and mice. | the need for non-parenteral administration of inactivated avian influenza virus of h5n1 subtype (aiv-h5n1) vaccine is paramount. here, we provide preliminary data on the immune response of chicken and mice after intranasal administration of aiv-h5n1-inactivated vaccine with iscoms, inmunair (inm), and combined iscoms and inm as an adjuvant. | 2018 | 29657407 |
| dwarf chickens with low monocytes/macrophages phagocytic activity show low antibody titers but greater performance. | monocytes/macrophages phagocytosis has key roles in inflammatory responses. however, systematic research on the effects of monocytes/macrophages phagocytosis on production and reproductive performance in dwarf chickens is lacking. in this study, we developed the hct-8-mtt method to detect monocytes/macrophages phagocytosis product (pp) which was accuracy, flexible, and saving time. based on pp in 990 dwarf chickens (890 hens and 100 cocks), chickens were divided into high phagocytosis product gr ... | 2018 | 29653827 |
| emergence and multiple reassortments of french 2015-2016 highly pathogenic h5 avian influenza viruses. | from november 2015 to august 2016, 81 outbreaks of highly pathogenic (hp) h5 avian influenza virus were detected in poultry farms from south-western france. these viruses were mainly detected in farms raising waterfowl, but also in chicken or guinea fowl flocks, and did not induce severe signs in waterfowl although they did meet the hp criteria. three different types of neuraminidases (n1, n2 and n9) were associated with the hp h5 gene. full genomes sequences of 24 h5hp and 6 lp viruses that cir ... | 2018 | 29649578 |
| therapeutic effect of duck interferon-alpha against h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in peking ducks. | the antiviral cytokine interferon-alpha (ifn-α) plays a critical role in the innate immune system. previous studies have shown that recombinant chicken ifn-α inhibits avian influenza virus (aiv) replication in vivo; however, the antiviral effect of recombinant duck ifn-α (rduifn-α) on highly pathogenic aiv remains unknown. in this study, the duck ifn-α gene was cloned, expressed, and purified. the antiviral effects of the resulting rduifn-α were further evaluated in vitro and in vivo. our result ... | 2018 | 29638205 |
| adaptive evolution during the establishment of european avian-like h1n1 influenza a virus in swine. | an h1n1 subtype influenza a virus with all eight gene segments derived from wild birds (including mallards), ducks and chickens, caused severe disease outbreaks in swine populations in europe beginning in 1979 and successfully adapted to form the european avian-like swine (ea-swine) influenza lineage. genes of the ea-swine lineage that are clearly segregated from its closest avian relatives continue to circulate in swine populations globally and represent a unique opportunity to study the adapti ... | 2018 | 29636804 |
| efficacy and synergy of live-attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in young chickens. | outbreaks of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses have been reported in poultry species in the united states since 2014. these outbreaks have proven the limitations of biosecurity control programs, and new tools are needed to reinforce the current avian influenza control arsenal. some enzootic countries have implemented inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv) in their control programs, but there are serious concerns that a long-term use of iiv without eradication may result in the selecti ... | 2018 | 29624615 |
| the effect of infectious bursal disease virus-induced immunosuppression on vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. | poor efficacy of avian influenza virus (aiv) vaccines in chickens has been documented in the field in spite of good results in experimental settings. although the causes are multifactorial and complex, one contributing factor may be prior infection with immunosuppressive viruses. in an effort to evaluate the role of immunosuppressive agents on aiv pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy, the effect of prior infection with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), a ubiquitous immunosuppressive virus of ... | 2018 | 29620467 |
| biosecurity assessment and seroprevalence of respiratory diseases in backyard poultry flocks located close to and far from commercial premises. | raising backyard chickens is an ever-growing hobby in the united states. these flocks can be a substrate for respiratory disease amplification and transmission to commercial facilities. five hundred fifty-four chickens from 41 backyard flocks were sampled in this study. elisa kits were used to detect antibodies against avian influenza (ai), infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt), newcastle disease (nd), infectious bronchitis (ib), ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ort), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), ... | 2018 | 29620463 |
| effectiveness of different avian influenza (h5) vaccination regimens in layer chickens on the humoral immune response and interferon-alpha signalling immune marker. | avian influenza (ai) vaccines are widely used to control and eliminate the ongoing avian influenza virus epidemic in egypt. a strict vaccination policy with inactivated ai vaccines has been widely applied, however the virus still circulating, evolving and causing great negative impact to the poultry sector in egypt. therefore, an updated poultry vaccination policy using different vaccine technologies might be valuable as an innovative additional control strategy of aiv in egypt. in the present s ... | 2018 | 29619666 |
| risk factors for avian influenza h9 infection of chickens in live bird retail stalls of lahore district, pakistan 2009-2010. | this study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with aiv infections in live bird retail stalls (lbrs) in lahore district, pakistan. a cross-sectional survey of lbrs was conducted from december 2009-february 2010 using two-stage cluster sampling based on probability proportional to size. a total of 280 oropharyngeal swab sample pools were collected from 1400 birds in 8 clusters and tested by qrt-pcr for the matrix (m) gene of type a influenza virus and ha gene subtypes h9, h5 and h7. ... | 2018 | 29618780 |
| does eating chicken feet with pickled peppers cause avian influenza? observational case study on chinese social media during the avian influenza a (h7n9) outbreak. | a hot topic on the relationship between a popular avian-origin food and avian influenza occurred on social media during the outbreak of the emerging avian influenza a (h7n9). the misinformation generated from this topic had caused great confusion and public concern. | 2018 | 29599109 |
| a participatory system for preventing pandemics of animal origins: pilot study of the participatory one health disease detection (podd) system. | aiming for early disease detection and prompt outbreak control, digital technology with a participatory one health approach was used to create a novel disease surveillance system called participatory one health disease detection (podd). podd is a community-owned surveillance system that collects data from volunteer reporters; identifies disease outbreak automatically; and notifies the local governments (lgs), surrounding villages, and relevant authorities. this system provides a direct and immed ... | 2018 | 29563079 |
| a small-scale study on airborne transmission of h9n2 avian influenza virus under field conditions. | h9n2 avian influenza viruses (aiv) can transmit in chicken flocks through direct contact and aerosols. nevertheless, data on airborne transmission of aiv is very limited, especially under field conditions. to fill this literature gap, this study was designed to investigate airborne transmission of h9n2 aiv originating from infected chicken flocks under field conditions, with the aim to further characterize the airborne transmission of h9n2 aiv. | 2018 | 31626603 |
| emergence of h3n8 equine influenza virus in donkeys in china in 2017. | equine influenza virus is a major respiratory pathogen in horses. although both horses and donkeys belong to the genus equus, donkey infection with influenza viruses is rare. in march 2017, an influenza outbreak occurred in donkeys in shandong province, china. the causative virus, a/donkey/shandong/1/2017(h3n8), was isolated from a dead donkey. genetic analysis indicated that the virus originated from influenza a (h3n8) clade 2 of the florida sub-lineage that has been circulating in asian equine ... | 2018 | 29408020 |
| microbiological identification and analysis of waterfowl livers collected from backyard farms in southern china. | in total, 985 livers were collected from 275 backyard waterfowl farms distributed in seven provinces of southern china. the virus that was most commonly isolated was avian influenza virus, with a 12.1% positivity rate. of the other positive samples, 10.6% tested positive for avian tembusu virus, 6.8% for duck hepatitis a virus, 3.8% for duck plague virus, 3.4% for muscovy duck parvovirus, 3.1% for goose parvovirus, 1.0% for mycoplasma, and 0.9% for respiratory enteric orphan virus. the bacterium ... | 2018 | 29398671 |
| development and application of a sybr green real-time pcr for detection of the emerging avian leukosis virus subgroup k. | avian leukosis virus subgroup k (alv-k) is an emerging alv tumor virus of chickens. we developed a sybr green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the rapid and economical detection of alv-k in chicken flocks. the assay was specific for alv-k and did not cross-react with other alv subgroup or avian influenza virus, newcastle disease virus, or marek's disease virus. the method was 100 times more sensitive than conventional pcr and 10 times more sensitive than the enzyme-linke ... | 2018 | 29617900 |
| a two dose immunization with an inactivated reassortant h5n2 virus protects chickens against lethal challenge with homologous 2.3.2.1 clade and heterologous 2.2 clade highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses. | the present study was aimed at generating a reassortant vaccine candidate virus with clade 2.3.2.1 hemagglutinin (ha) and its evaluation in a challenge study for protection against homologous (2.3.2.1 clade) and heterologous (2.2 clade) highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 viruses. plasmid-based reverse genetics technique was used to rescue a 5 + 3 reassortant h5n2 strain containing the modified ha of h5n1 (clade 2.3.2.1), the neuraminidase (na) of h9n2, the matrix (m) of h5n1 and the i ... | 2018 | 29615248 |
| immunization of domestic ducks with live nonpathogenic h5n3 influenza virus prevents shedding and transmission of highly pathogenic h5n1 virus to chickens. | wild ducks are known to be able to carry avian influenza viruses over long distances and infect domestic ducks, which in their turn infect domestic chickens. therefore, prevention of virus transmission between ducks and chickens is important to control the spread of avian influenza. here we used a low pathogenic wild aquatic bird virus a/duck/moscow/4182/2010 (h5n3) for prevention of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) transmission between ducks and chickens. we first confirmed that ... | 2018 | 29614716 |
| risk for interspecies transmission of zoonotic pathogens during poultry processing and pork production in peru: a qualitative study. | interspecies transmission of pathogens is an unfrequent but naturally occurring event and human activities may favour opportunities not previously reported. reassortment of zoonotic pathogens like influenza a virus can result from these activities. recently, swine and birds have played a central role as "mixing vessels" for epidemic and pandemic events related to strains like h1n1 and h5n1. unsafe practices in poultry markets and swine farms can lead to interspecies transmission, favouring the e ... | 2018 | 29602269 |
| major contribution of the rna-binding domain of ns1 in the pathogenicity and replication potential of an avian h7n1 influenza virus in chickens. | non-structural protein ns1 of influenza a viruses harbours several determinants of pathogenicity and host-range. however it is still unclear to what extent each of its two structured domains (i.e. rna-binding domain, rbd, and effector domain, ed) contribute to its various activities. | 2018 | 29587792 |
| amino acid substitutions in low pathogenic avian influenza virus strains isolated from wild birds in korea. | wild birds are natural hosts and reservoirs for influenza a viruses. however, many species, such as many waterfowl, are asymptomatic when infected and so facilitate the generation of viral genetic diversity. mutations of key genes affect the replicability, pathogenicity, transmissibility, and antiviral resistance of influenza a viruses. in this study, we isolated avian influenza (ai) viruses from wild bird fecal samples and analyzed changes in amino acids over time and geographic region to monit ... | 2018 | 29582231 |
| low pathogenic avian influenza virus infection increases the staining intensity of kul01+ cells including macrophages yet decrease of the staining intensity of kul01+ cells using clodronate liposomes did not affect the viral genome loads in chickens. | the effect of depletion of macrophages using clodronate liposomes as well as macrophage response following viral infections have been studied in various mouse-virus infection models, but they have not been extensively studied in chickens relevant to virus infections. when we infected day 6 chickens with h4n6 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv), we observed that h4n6 lpaiv infection increased the staining intensity of kul01+ cells in trachea, lungs and duodenum of chickens at 3 days post ... | 2018 | 29571516 |
| avian viral surveillance in victoria, australia, and detection of two novel avian herpesviruses. | viruses in avian hosts can pose threats to avian health and some have zoonotic potential. hospitals that provide veterinary care for avian patients may serve as a site of exposure of other birds and human staff in the facility to these viruses. they can also provide a useful location to collect samples from avian patients in order to examine the viruses present in wild birds. this study aimed to investigate viruses of biosecurity and/or zoonotic significance in australian birds by screening samp ... | 2018 | 29570719 |
| new threats of h7n9 influenza virus: the spread and evolution of highly and low pathogenic variants with high genomic diversity in wave five. | h7n9 virus has caused five infection waves since it emerged in 2013. the highest number of human cases was seen in wave five; however, the underlying reasons have not been thoroughly elucidated. in this study, the geographical distribution, phylogeny and genetic evolution of 240 h7n9 viruses in wave five, including 35 new isolates from patients and poultry in nine provinces, were comprehensively analyzed together with strains from first four waves. geographical distribution analysis displayed th ... | 2018 | 29563296 |
| a naturally occurring deletion in the effector domain of h5n1 swine influenza virus nonstructural protein 1 regulates viral fitness and host innate immunity. | nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) of influenza a virus regulates innate immune responses via various mechanisms. we previously showed that a naturally occurring deletion (the ealqr motif) in the ns1 effector domain of an h5n1 swine-origin avian influenza virus impairs the inhibition of type i interferon (ifn) in chicken fibroblasts and attenuates virulence in chickens. here, we found that the virus bearing this deletion in its ns1 effector domain showed diminished inhibition of ifn-related cytokine ... | 2018 | 29563291 |
| comparison of the pathogenic potential of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n6, and h5n8 viruses isolated in south korea during the 2016-2017 winter season. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n6) and a(h5n8) virus infections resulted in the culling of more than 37 million poultry in the republic of korea during the 2016/17 winter season. here we characterize two representative viruses, a/environment/korea/w541/2016 [em/w541(h5n6)] and a/common teal/korea/w555/2017 [ct/w555(h5n8)], and evaluate their zoonotic potential in various animal models. both em/w541(h5n6) and ct /w555(h5n8) are novel reassortants derived from various gene pools of w ... | 2018 | 29535296 |
| emergence of novel reassortant h6n2 avian influenza viruses in ducks in india. | the recent reports of human infection due to h6 subtype avian influenza viruses (aiv), which are prevalent in terrestrial poultry, indicate evolution of the virus to a possible pandemic strain. here, we report antigenic and genetic characterization of two h6n2 viruses isolated from apparently healthy domestic ducks in kerala and assam, india during 2014 and 2015, respectively. hemagglutination inhibition assay revealed antigenic divergence between the two isolates, which was corroborated by amin ... | 2018 | 29530659 |
| potential mediators of in ovo delivered double stranded (ds) rna-induced innate response against low pathogenic avian influenza virus infection. | toll like receptor (tlr) 3 is a critically important innate pattern recognizing receptor that senses many viral infections. although, it has been shown that double stranded (ds) rna can be used for the stimulation of tlr3 signaling pathway in a number of host-viral infection models, it's effectiveness as an antiviral agent against low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) needs further investigation. | 2018 | 29530062 |
| very low influenza a virus prevalence in cervids in german national parks. | influenza a viruses are one of the most important and most studied pathogens in humans and domestic animals but little is known about viral prevalence in non-avian wildlife. serum samples from three free-ranging cervid species (red [ cervus elaphus], fallow [ dama dama] , and roe deer [ capreolus capreolus]) were collected from six german national parks between 2000 and 2002. the serum was tested for the presence of influenza a antibodies using a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorben ... | 2018 | 29517428 |
| evolution of h9n2 avian influenza virus in embryonated chicken eggs with or without homologous vaccine antibodies. | vaccines constitute a unique selective pressure, different from natural selection, drives the evolution of influenza virus. in this study, a/chicken/shanghai/f/1998 (h9n2) was continually passaged in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs with or without selective pressures from antibodies induced by homologous maternal antibodies. genetic mutations, antigenic drift, replication, and pathogenicity of the passaged virus were evaluated. | 2018 | 29510698 |
| epidemiological survey of equine influenza in andalusia, spain. | equine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease considered the most important respiratory disease in equids. although influenza a virus (iav) has caused outbreaks in equids worldwide, surveillance in these species in spain has not been conducted. a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the individual and herd prevalence of antibodies against h3n8 and h7n7 iav in equids in andalusia (southern spain). antibodies againsts iav were measured by the single radial haemolysis as ... | 2018 | 29496107 |
| proteomic analysis of chicken embryo fibroblast cells infected with recombinant h5n1 avian influenza viruses with and without ns1 eif4gi binding domain. | non-structural 1 (ns1) protein is a key virulence factor that regulates replication of influenza virus. a recombinant h5n1 virus lacking the eif4gi-binding domain of ns1 (rns1-sd30) exhibits significantly lower pathogenicity than h5n1 virus with an intact eif4gi-binding domain (rns1-wt). to further investigate this phenomenon, we performed comparative proteomics analyses to profile host proteins in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) infected with rns1-wt and rns1-sd30 viruses. in total, 81 differ ... | 2018 | 29492200 |
| airborne detection of h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus genome in poultry farms, france. | in southwestern france, during the winter of 2016-2017, the rapid spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n8 outbreaks despite the implementation of routine control measures, raised the question about the potential role of airborne transmission in viral spread. as a first step to investigate the plausibility of that transmission, air samples were collected inside, outside and downwind from infected duck and chicken facilities. h5 avian influenza virus rna was detected in all samples collec ... | 2018 | 29487857 |
| expression and immunogenicity of m2e peptide of avian influenza virus h5n1 fused to ricin toxin b chain produced in duckweed plants. | the amino acid sequence of the extracellular domain of the virus-encoded m2 matrix protein (peptide m2e) is conserved among all subtypes of influenza a strains, enabling the development of a broad-range vaccine against them. we expressed m2e from avian influenza virus a/chicken/kurgan/5/2005 (h5n1) in nuclear-transformed duckweed plants for further development of an avian influenza vaccine. the 30-amino acid n-terminal fragment of m2, including m2e (denoted m130), was selected for expression. th ... | 2018 | 29487846 |
| induction profiles of mrna of toll like receptors and cytokines in chickens pre-exposed to low pathogenic avian influenza h9n2 virus followed by challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus. | herein, the induction of tlrs and cytokines in chickens pre-exposed to low pathogenic avian influenza h9n2 virus followed by challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus was studied. four groups (1-4) of chickens inoculated with 106eid50of h9n2 virus were challenged with 106eid50of h5n1 virus on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 post h9n2 inoculation, respectively. in groups (1-4) tlrs and cytokines induction was studied in chicken pbmcs on day 3 post h5n1 challenge. in h5n1 control grou ... | 2018 | 29476788 |
| pathogenicity and genetic characterisation of a novel reassortant, highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n6 virus isolated in korea, 2017. | we investigated influenza a(h5n6) viruses from migratory birds in chungnam and gyeonggi provinces, south korea following a reported die-off of poultry in nearby provinces in november 2017. genetic analysis and virulence studies in chickens and ducks identified our isolate from december 2017 as a novel highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. it resulted from reassortment between the highly virulent h5n8 strain from korea with the n6 gene from a low-pathogenic h3n6 virus from the netherlands. | 2018 | 29463346 |
| productive replication of avian influenza viruses in chicken endothelial cells is determined by hemagglutinin cleavability and is related to innate immune escape. | endotheliotropism is a hallmark of gallinaceous poultry infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses and a feature that distinguishes hpai from low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses. here, we used chicken aortic endothelial cells (chaec) as a novel in vitro infection model to assess the susceptibility, permissiveness, and host response of chicken endothelial cells (ec) to infections with avian influenza (ai) viruses. our data show that productive replication of ai vir ... | 2018 | 29031164 |
| two reassortant types of highly pathogenic h5n8 avian influenza virus from wild birds in central china in 2016. | since 2016, the highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n8 virus has emerged in the central asian flyway and europe, causing massive deaths in poultry and wild birds. in this study, we isolated and identified three h5n8 viruses from swan goose and black swans in hubei province during the 2016/2017 winter season. whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three viruses clustered into a group of h5n8 viruses from qinghai lake and europe. a novel reassortment virus from swan go ... | 2018 | 29410395 |
| spatial transmission of h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses among wild birds in ibaraki prefecture, japan, 2016-2017. | from 29 november 2016 to 24 january 2017, sixty-three cases of h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) infections were detected in wild birds in ibaraki prefecture, japan. here, we analyzed the genetic, temporal, and geographic correlations of these 63 hpaivs to elucidate their dissemination throughout the prefecture. full-genome sequence analysis of the ibaraki isolates showed that 7 segments (pb2, pb1, pa, ha, np, na, ns) were derived from g1.1.9 strains while the m segment was fr ... | 2018 | 29392495 |
| specific mutations in the pb2 protein of influenza a virus compensate for the lack of efficient interferon antagonism of the ns1 protein of bat influenza a-like viruses. | recently, two new influenza a-like viruses have been discovered in bats, a/little yellow-shouldered bat/guatemala/060/2010 (hl17nl10) and a/flat-faced bat/peru/033/2010 (hl18nl11). the hemagglutinin (ha)-like (hl) and neuraminidase (na)-like (nl) proteins of these viruses lack hemagglutination and neuraminidase activities, despite their sequence and structural homologies with the ha and na proteins of conventional influenza a viruses. we have now investigated whether the ns1 proteins of the hl17 ... | 2018 | 29321309 |
| genetic characterization of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated on the izumi plain in japan: possible association of dynamic movements of wild birds with aiv evolution. | the izumi plain in kagoshima prefecture, japan, is an overwintering site of endangered cranes (hooded cranes and white-naped cranes) and of many other migratory birds (including wild ducks) that are considered carriers of avian influenza viruses (aivs). to assess the risks of a highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in the crane populations, we tested various environmental samples for aivs in this area. in the 2014-2015 winter season, we isolated one aiv of the h6n2 subtype from the cranes' ... | 2018 | 29299682 |
| central nervous system b-cell lymphoma in a bald eagle ( haliaeetus leucocephalus). | an adult bald eagle ( haliaeetus leucocephalus) presented for nystagmus and an inability to fly. on physical examination, the eagle was open-mouth breathing and tachycardic at 200 beats per minute, had a wrinkled cere and sunken eyes, and was an estimated 10% dehydrated. additionally, the eagle was extremely weak, with neurologic abnormalities including bilateral proprioceptive deficits, nystagmus, and no pupillary light reflex in the left eye. despite aggressive treatment, the eagle continued t ... | 2018 | 29698076 |
| recent advances in aiv biosensors composed of nanobio hybrid material. | since the beginning of the 2000s, globalization has accelerated because of the development of transportation systems that allow for human and material exchanges throughout the world. however, this globalization has brought with it the rise of various pathogenic viral agents, such as middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), zika virus, and dengue virus. in particular, avian influenza virus (aiv) is highly infectious and cau ... | 2018 | 30544883 |
| cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptides inhibit zika virus through direct inactivation and interferon pathway. | zika virus (zikv) is a neurotrophic flavivirus that is able to infect pregnant women and cause fetal brain abnormalities. although there is a significant effort in identifying anti-zikv strategies, currently no vaccines or specific therapies are available to treat zikv infection. antimicrobial peptides, which are potent host defense molecules in nearly all forms of life, have been found to be effective against several types of viruses such as hiv-1 and influenza a. however, they have not been te ... | 2018 | 29706959 |