Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| transient conformers of lacy are trapped by nanobodies. | the lactose permease of escherichia coli (lacy), a highly dynamic membrane protein, catalyzes symport of a galactopyranoside and an h(+) by using an alternating access mechanism, and the transport cycle involves multiple conformational states. single-domain camelid nanobodies (nbs) developed against a lacy mutant immobilized in an outward (periplasmic)-open conformation bind to the flexible wt protein and stabilize the open-outward conformation(s). here, we use site-directed, distance-dependent ... | 2015 | 26512108 |
| development of protective agent against hottentotta saulcyi venom using camelid single-domain antibody. | hottentotta saulcyi, medically important scorpion species, causes some of harmful toxic exposure in iran. administrated, conventional antivenom-based immunotherapy is still limited and hardly meet ideal characteristic of effective treatment for scorpion envenomation. in this study we aimed to develop a neutralizing agent directed against scorpion venom based on vhh, variable domain of the camelidae heavy chain antibody or nanobody. this promising biomolecule is well-established as an advantageou ... | 2015 | 26468036 |
| algal chloroplast produced camelid vh h antitoxins are capable of neutralizing botulinum neurotoxin. | we have produced three antitoxins consisting of the variable domains of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies (vh h) by expressing the genes in the chloroplast of green algae. these antitoxins accumulate as soluble proteins capable of binding and neutralizing botulinum neurotoxin. furthermore, they accumulate at up to 5% total soluble protein, sufficient expression to easily produce these antitoxins at scale from algae. the genes for the three different antitoxins were transformed into chlamydomon ... | 2015 | 25229405 |
| preparation and characterization of novel igg affinity resin coupling anti-fc camelid single-domain antibodies. | this work aimed to evaluate novel affinity resin used to purify immunoglobulin g (igg) with a variable domain of the heavy chain of the heavy-chain antibody (vhh) as an affinity ligand. the vhh, isolated from a naïve camelid single-domain phage display library, exhibits not only affinity to the fragment crystallizable (fc) region of igg but also high thermal stability. this anti-fc vhh (afv) was expressed as a soluble protein in escherichia coli and purified using a simple heat treatment procedu ... | 2015 | 25614967 |
| selection of nanobodies that block the enzymatic and cytotoxic activities of the binary clostridium difficile toxin cdt. | the spore-forming gut bacterium clostridium difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients. the major virulence factors are two large glucosylating cytotoxins. hypervirulent strains (e.g. ribotype 027) with higher morbidity and mortality additionally produce the binary cdt toxin (clostridium difficile transferase) that adp-ribosylates actin and induces microtubule-based cell protrusions. nanobodies are robust single domain antibodies derived from cameli ... | 2015 | 25597743 |
| overexpression, purification and enzymatic characterization of a recombinant arabian camel camelus dromedarius glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. | in a previous study the full-length open reading frame of the arabian camel, camelus dromedarius liver cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) cdna was determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. the c. dromedarius cdna was found to be 1545 nucleotides (accession number jn098421) that encodes a protein of 515 amino acids residues. in the present study, c. dromedarius recombinant g6pd was heterologously overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3) plyss and purifi ... | 2015 | 26363117 |
| heat-labile enterotoxin iia, a platform to deliver heterologous proteins into neurons. | cholera toxin (ct) and the related heat-labile enterotoxins (lt) of escherichia coli have been implicated as adjuvants in human therapies, but reactivity upon intranasal delivery dampened efforts to develop other clinical applications. however, each ct family member variant has unique biological properties that may warrant development as therapeutic platforms. in the current study, a nontoxic variant of the heat-labile enterotoxin iia (ltiia) was engineered to deliver heterologous, functional pr ... | 2015 | 26265718 |
| the arabian camel camelus dromedarius heat shock protein 90α: cdna cloning, characterization and expression. | heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) is a highly conserved ubiquitous molecular chaperone contributing to assisting folding, maintenance of structural integrity and proper regulation of a subset of cytosolic proteins. in the present study, a heat shock protein 90α full length coding cdna was isolated and cloned from the arabian one-humped camel by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the full length cdna sequence was submitted to ncbi genebank under the accession number kf612338. t ... | 2015 | 26234578 |
| production and characterization of a camelid single domain antibody-urease enzyme conjugate for the treatment of cancer. | a novel immunoconjugate (l-dos47) was developed and characterized as a therapeutic agent for tumors expressing ceacam6. the single domain antibody afaikl2, which targets ceacam6, was expressed in the escherichia coli bl21 (de3) pt7-7 system. high purity urease (hpu) was extracted and purified from jack bean meal. afaikl2 was activated using n-succinimidyl [4-iodoacetyl] aminobenzoate (siab) as the cross-linker and then conjugated to urease. the activation and conjugation reactions were controlle ... | 2015 | 25938892 |
| one-step immunoassay for tetrabromobisphenol a using a camelid single domain antibody-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein. | tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) is a ubiquitous brominated flame retardant, showing widespread environmental and human exposures. a variable domain of the heavy chain antibody (vhh), naturally occurring in camelids, approaches the lower size limit of functional antigen-binding entities. the ease of genetic manipulation makes such vhhs a superior choice to use as an immunoreagent. in this study, a highly selective anti-tbbpa vhh t3-15 fused with alkaline phosphatase (ap) from e. coli was expressed, ... | 2015 | 25849972 |
| production, crystallization and x-ray diffraction analysis of a complex between a fragment of the tssm t6ss protein and a camelid nanobody. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) is a machine evolved by gram-negative bacteria to deliver toxin effectors into target bacterial or eukaryotic cells. the t6ss is functionally and structurally similar to the contractile tail of the myoviridae family of bacteriophages and can be viewed as a syringe anchored to the bacterial membrane by a transenvelope complex. the membrane complex is composed of three proteins: the tssm and tssl inner membrane components and the tssj outer membrane lipoprotein. ... | 2015 | 25760699 |
| nanobodies: site-specific labeling for super-resolution imaging, rapid epitope-mapping and native protein complex isolation. | nanobodies are single-domain antibodies of camelid origin. we generated nanobodies against the vertebrate nuclear pore complex (npc) and used them in storm imaging to locate individual npc proteins with <2 nm epitope-label displacement. for this, we introduced cysteines at specific positions in the nanobody sequence and labeled the resulting proteins with fluorophore-maleimides. as nanobodies are normally stabilized by disulfide-bonded cysteines, this appears counterintuitive. yet, our analysis ... | 2015 | 26633879 |
| molecular genotyping of echinococcus granulosus from dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) in eastern iran. | with the aim of genotyping echinococcus granulosus cysts found in iranian dromedaries (camelus dromedarius), 50 cysts of e. granulosus were collected from five geographical regions in iran. cysts were characterized using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) gene and sequencing fragments of the genes coding for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). morphological criteria using rostellar ho ... | 2015 | 24018210 |
| a novel dromedary camel enterovirus in the family picornaviridae from dromedaries in the middle east. | the recent emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from the middle east and the discovery of the virus from dromedary camels have boosted interest in the search for novel viruses in dromedaries. whilst picornaviruses are known to infect various animals, their existence in dromedaries was unknown. we describe the discovery of a novel picornavirus, dromedary camel enterovirus (dcev), from dromedaries in dubai. among 215 dromedaries, dcev was detected in faecal samples of four (1. ... | 2015 | 25805410 |
| enterococcus bulliens sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from camel milk. | four lactic acid bacteria isolates obtained from fresh dromedary camel milk produced in dakhla, a city in southern morocco, were characterised in order to determine their taxonomic position. the four isolates had highly similar maldi-tof ms and rapd fingerprints and identical 16s rrna gene sequences. comparative sequence analysis revealed that the 16s rrna gene sequence of the four isolates was most similar to that of enterococcus sulfureus atcc 49903(t) and enterococcus italicus dsm 15952(t) (9 ... | 2015 | 26346480 |
| seroepidemiology of q fever in one-humped camel population in northeast iran. | coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of important zoonotic q fever. it is the etiological agent of coxiellosis or q fever in animals and human. this seroepidemiological survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of coxiellosis in increasingly camel raised population in vast area of khorasan (north, south, and razavi) provinces, northeast iran. using cluster random sampling strategy, 167 camels in 11 counties were selected as serum samples. sera ... | 2015 | 26070292 |
| characterization of single-domain antibodies against foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype o from a camelid and imaging of fmdv in baby hamster kidney-21 cells with single-domain antibody-quantum dots probes. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes significant economic losses to husbandry worldwide. the variable domain of heavy-chain antibodies (vhhs or single domain antibodies, sdabs) are single-domain antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies. | 2015 | 26001568 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in two different camel species by conventional and molecular techniques. | paratuberculosis (john's disease) is infectious and chronically progressive granulomatous disease which affects domestic and wild ruminants. the causative agent is mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map), a slow growing mycobactin dependent acid-fast bacillus. we investigated the detection and frequency of map in apparently healthy dromedary and bactrian camels by insertion sequence 900 (is900) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and acid fast staining of fecal samples in iran. acid fast staining ... | 2015 | 26973771 |
| draft genome sequence of the moderately heat-tolerant lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis strain gl2 from algerian dromedary milk. | lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis gl2 is a moderately thermotolerant lactic acid bacterium isolated from dromedary raw milk. here, we present the draft genome sequence of this potential new dairy starter strain, which combines thermotolerance and the capacity to metabolize lactose, casein, and citrate. | 2015 | 26586883 |
| characterization of self-assembled virus-like particles of dromedary camel hepatitis e virus generated by recombinant baculoviruses. | dromedary camel hepatitis e virus (dchev), a novel hepatitis e virus, has been identified in dromedary camels in dubai, united arab emirates. the antigenicity, pathogenicity and epidemiology of this virus have been unclear. here we first used a recombinant baculovirus expression system to express the 13 and 111 n-terminus amino-acid-truncated dchev orf2 protein in insect tn5 cells, and we obtained two types of virus-like particles (vlps) with densities of 1.300 g/cm(3) and 1.285 g/cm(3), respect ... | 2015 | 26160190 |
| hepatitis e: a disease of reemerging importance. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. originally considered to be restricted to humans, it is now clear that hev and hev-like viruses have several animal reservoirs with complex ecology and genetic diversity, as exemplified by the recent discovery of hev in dromedaries, a previously underestimated reservoir of zoonotic viruses prior to the emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. zoonotic foodborne transmission from pigs and feral ... | 2015 | 25773541 |
| pathology and diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis in naturally infected dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) in india. | the present study investigated the pathological features of tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium bovis and its diagnosis in naturally infected dromedary camels from an organized farm in india. during the period of the 5-year study, a total of 18 (19.56 %) camels out of 92 examined showed gross lesions compatible with tb at post-mortem. the clinical signs and pathological lesions in these camels were studied, and the efficacy of different diagnostic tests was also assessed. on the basis of o ... | 2015 | 26298084 |
| [molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of the first mers case in turkey]. | coronaviruses (cov) are enveloped, spherical, single-stranded positive-sense rna viruses causing mainly respiratory and intestinal infections in animals and humans. until recently five types of human coronaviruses (hcov-oc43, hcov-hku1, hcov-nl63, hcov-229e, sars-cov) have been known, however a novel cov has been identified in 2012 in saudi arabia. this virus, namely mers-cov (middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus), was classified within coronaviridae family, coronavirinae sub-family, bet ... | 2015 | 26313282 |
| high affinity anti-internalin b vhh antibody fragments isolated from naturally and artificially immunized repertoires. | the need for rapid and easy technologies for the detection of food-borne and environmental pathogens is essential for safeguarding the health of populations. furthermore, distribution of tainted food and water can have consequences which can affect whole economies. antibodies and antibody fragments have been historically used in detection platforms due to their antigen specificity and robust physicochemical properties. in this study, we report the isolation and characterization of antibody fragm ... | 2015 | 25450000 |
| intracellular expression of camelid single-domain antibodies specific for influenza virus nucleoprotein uncovers distinct features of its nuclear localization. | perturbation of protein-protein interactions relies mostly on genetic approaches or on chemical inhibition. small rna viruses, such as influenza a virus, do not easily lend themselves to the former approach, while chemical inhibition requires that the target protein be druggable. a lack of tools thus constrains the functional analysis of influenza virus-encoded proteins. we generated a panel of camelid-derived single-domain antibody fragments (vhhs) against influenza virus nucleoprotein (np), a ... | 2015 | 25540369 |
| characterization of gm-csf-inhibitory factor and uracil dna glycosylase encoding genes from camel pseudocowpoxvirus. | the present study describes the pcr amplification of gm-csf-inhibitory factor (gif) and uracil dna glycosylase (udg) encoding genes of pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) from the indian dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) infected with contagious ecthyma using the primers based on the corresponding gene sequences of human pcpv and reindeer pcpv, respectively. the length of gif gene of pcpv obtained from camel is 795 bp and due to the addition of one cytosine residue at position 374 and one adenine residue a ... | 2015 | 25816930 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia aeschlimannii in hyalomma spp. ticks from camels (camelus dromedarius) in nigeria, west africa. | several species of the spotted fever group rickettsiae have been identified as emerging pathogens throughout the world, including in africa. in this study, 197 hyalomma ticks (ixodida: ixodidae) collected from 51 camels (camelus dromedarius) in kano, northern nigeria, were screened by amplification and sequencing of the citrate synthase (glta), outer membrane protein a (ompa) and 17-kda antigen gene fragments. rickettsia sp. glta fragments were detected in 43.3% (42/97) of the tick pools tested. ... | 2015 | 25565180 |
| a study on the status of inflammatory systems in camels naturally infected with toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is a unique intracellular parasite with a worldwide distribution. this parasite infects a variety of cells in a wide range of animal species such as dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). in order to evaluate the pattern of possible changes in the blood level of some inflammatory mediators and antioxidant enzymes in camels infected with t. gondii, blood samples were taken from a total of 493 dromedary camels and serum concentrations of inflammatory mediators, acute phase prote ... | 2015 | 25846570 |
| epidemiology of trypanosoma evansi and trypanosoma vivax in domestic animals from selected districts of tigray and afar regions, northern ethiopia. | african animal trypanosomosis, transmitted cyclically by tsetse flies or mechanically by other biting flies, causes serious inflictions to livestock health. this study investigates the extent of non-tsetse transmitted animal trypanosomosis (nttat) by trypanosoma (t.) evansi and t. vivax in domestic animals in the tsetse-free regions of northern ethiopia, afar and tigray. | 2015 | 25889702 |
| cardiac and oxidative stress biomarkers in trypanosoma evansi infected camels: diagnostic and prognostic prominence. | this study was conducted to investigate the level of cardiac and oxidative stress markers in camels infected with trypanosoma evansi and to explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiac troponin i (ctni) and creatine kinase-myocardial band (ck-mb) in response to infection. seventy four dromedary camels with clinical and laboratory evidence of trypanosomosis and 20 healthy controls were included in this study. serum ctni, ck-mb, ck, malondialdehyde (mda) and super oxide dismutase (sod) w ... | 2015 | 25578857 |
| parasitological, serological and molecular survey of trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels from cholistan desert, pakistan. | surra, a vector borne disease caused by trypanosoma (t.) evansi, affects the health, productivity and working capacity of camels. since clinical signs are not pathognomonic, diagnosis must be confirmed by laboratory methods. this is a first study on the prevalence of surra in cholistan desert, pakistan using a broad variety of diagnostic tests thereby emphasizing it as a risk for the dromedaries of pakistan. | 2015 | 26259616 |
| trypanosome infection in dromedary camels in eastern ethiopia: prevalence, relative performance of diagnostic tools and host related risk factors. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in chifra and dewe districts of afar region, eastern ethiopia, to determine the prevalence, agreement between diagnostic tests and host related risk factors of trypanosome infection in camel. an overall prevalence of 2%, 24.1%, 21.3%, 9.5% and 7.8% was recorded with respectively giemsa stained thin blood smear, catt/t. evansi, rotat1.2 pcr, 18s pcr and its-1pcr in a cohort of 399 animals. only one t. vivax infection was confirmed by tvprac pcr indicating t. ... | 2015 | 26071981 |
| vector identification and clinical, hematological, biochemical, and parasitological characteristics of camel (camelus dromedarius) theileriosis in egypt. | the objectives of the present study were to identify a possible tick vector and to determine the prevalence of camel theileriosis in egypt using blood smears stained with giemsa's stain and pcr assay. hemogram and serum biochemical constituents were also investigated. a total of 243 camels, aged 3-5 years, were examined. the results revealed that 75 (30.86 %) camels were infected with theileria spp. of giemsa-stained blood smears. hyalomma dromedarii was identified as the carrier tick of theiler ... | 2015 | 25677167 |
| complete genome sequence of staphylococcus aureus, strain ilri_eymole1/1, isolated from a kenyan dromedary camel. | we report the genome of a staphylococcus aureus strain (ilri_eymole1/1) isolated from a nasal swab of a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) in north kenya. the complete genome sequence of this strain consists of a circular chromosome of 2,874,302 bp with a gc-content of 32.88 %. in silico annotation predicted 2755 protein-encoding genes and 76 non-coding genes. this isolate belongs to mlst sequence type 30 (st30). phylogenetic analysis based on a subset of 283 core genes revealed that it falls ... | 2015 | 26594310 |
| seroprevalence of rift valley fever virus infection in camels (dromedaries) in northern tanzania. | rift valley fever (rvf) is an arthropod-borne viral zoonotic disease that affects a wide range of animals including sheep, goats, cattle, camels and humans. camels have only recently been introduced into tanzania and, as a result, there is no credible diseases status information concerning this population, estimated to be in the low hundreds. as part of a broader study on camel diseases in different localities of northern tanzania, serum samples (n = 109) were collected from apparently healthy, ... | 2015 | 25432300 |
| phylogenetic analysis of eight sudanese camel contagious ecthyma viruses based on b2l gene sequence. | camel contagious ecthyma (cce) is an important viral disease of camelids caused by a poxvirus of the genus parapoxvirus (ppv) of the family poxviridae. the disease has been reported in west and east of the sudan causing economical losses. however, the ppvs that cause the disease in camels of the sudan have not yet subjected to genetic characterization. at present, the ppv that cause cce cannot be properly classified because only few isolates that have been genetically analyzed. | 2015 | 26260127 |
| a retrospective study on clinical findings of 7300 cases (2007-2014) of barren female dromedaries. | the objective of this study was to investigate the clinical findings in barren female dromedaries examined for different complaints. female camels were examined for repeat breeding with regular heat interval (rb-r, n = 5444), refused mating (rm, n = 1299), repeat breeding with long heat interval (rb-l, n = 489), difficulties or bleeding during mating (dm, n = 53), and for manifestation of male-like behavior (mb, n = 15). the genital tracts of all females were evaluated using transrectal palpatio ... | 2015 | 25935372 |
| taxonomy and phylogeny of trichuris globulosa von linstow, 1901 from camels. a review of trichuris species parasitizing herbivorous. | at the present work, we carried out a morph-biometrical and molecular study of trichuris species isolated from camelus dromedarius from iran and from ovis aries from south africa comparatively with other species of trichuris from different herbivorous hosts and geographical regions. the population from camels from iran was identified as trichuris globulosa. two different morphometrically populations of trichuris sp. from sheep from south africa were identified: trichuris ovis and trichuris skrja ... | 2015 | 26070887 |
| identification of amino acid changes in the envelope glycoproteins of bovine viral diarrhea viruses isolated from alpaca that may be involved in host adaptation. | bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) are most commonly associated with infections of cattle. however, bvdv are often isolated from closely related ruminants with a number of bvdv-1b viruses being isolated from alpacas that were both acutely and persistently infected. the complete nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame of eleven alpaca-adapted bvdv isolates and the region encoding the envelope glycoproteins of an additional three isolates were determined. with the exception of one, all alp ... | 2015 | 26072370 |
| digesta retention patterns of solute and different-sized particles in camelids compared with ruminants and other foregut fermenters. | the mean retention times (mrt) of solute or particles in the gastrointestinal tract and the forestomach (fs) are crucial determinants of digestive physiology in herbivores. besides ruminants, camelids are the only herbivores that have evolved rumination as an obligatory physiological process consisting of repeated mastication of large food particles, which requires a particle sorting mechanism in the fs. differences between camelids and ruminants have hardly been investigated so far. in this stu ... | 2015 | 25921796 |
| acute clinical leptospirosis (grippotyphosa serovar) in an adult dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | a 9-yr-old castrated male dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) presented with lethargy and partial anorexia. a diagnostic examination revealed fever, and further workup revealed a neutrophilia, hyperfibrinogenemia, renal azotemia, and a rapid onset of a high leptospira antibody titer during the acute clinical period (grippotyphosa serovar). the camel responded clinically to antimicrobial treatment with ceftiofur crystalline free acid injections, but renal azotemia persisted, presumably secondar ... | 2015 | 26352970 |
| streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus pleuropneumonia and peritonitis in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) calf in north america. | a 12-week-old female dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) calf was evaluated because of acute (< 24 hours) inappetence and lethargy. the calf was being bottle-fed because of maternal rejection. | 2015 | 26176731 |
| animal models of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. | the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012 marked the second time that a new, highly pathogenic coronavirus has emerged in the human population in the 21st century. in this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of animal models of mers-cov infection. commonly used laboratory animal species such as syrian hamsters, mice and ferrets are not susceptible to mers-cov, due to differences in the mers-cov receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4). the i ... | 2015 | 26192750 |
| genomic data from extinct north american camelops revise camel evolutionary history. | recent advances in paleogenomic technologies have enabled an increasingly detailed understanding of the evolutionary relationships of now-extinct mammalian taxa. however, a number of enigmatic quaternary species have never been characterized with molecular data, often because available fossils are rare or are found in environments that are not optimal for dna preservation. here, we analyze paleogenomic data extracted from bones attributed to the late pleistocene western camel, camelops cf. heste ... | 2015 | 26037535 |
| the β-casein in camels: molecular characterization of the csn2 gene, promoter analysis and genetic variability. | the β-casein is the most abundant protein in camel milk and its encoding gene (csn2) is considered in other species a 'major' gene for the presence of alleles associated to different level of expression. in the present paper, we report for the first time the characterization of the nucleotide sequence of the whole β-casein-encoding gene (csn2) plus 2,141 bp at the 5'-flanking region in camelus dromedarius. the promoter region and the complete cdna are also provided for the first time in camelus ... | 2014 | 24973699 |
| purification and functional characterization of pancreatic insulin from camel (camelus dromedarius). | large-scale production of insulin still represents the key step in helping diabetic patients throughout the world. many species and approaches have been used for the production of insulin. in this study, we purified and characterized for the first time pancreatic insulin from the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius) using a modified acid-alcohol extraction method. after extraction insulin was purified using a one-step gel filtration on a sephadex g-50 column leading to a purification yield of 80 ... | 2014 | 25473366 |
| camelid genomes reveal evolution and adaptation to desert environments. | bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus), dromedary (camelus dromedarius) and alpaca (vicugna pacos) are economically important livestock. although the bactrian camel and dromedary are large, typically arid-desert-adapted mammals, alpacas are adapted to plateaus. here we present high-quality genome sequences of these three species. our analysis reveals the demographic history of these species since the tortonian stage of the miocene and uncovers a striking correlation between large fluctuations in po ... | 2014 | 25333821 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of mongolian domestic bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus). | the tradition of animal husbandry in the context of a nomadic lifestyle has been of great significance in the mongolian society. both bactrian camels and horses have been invaluable for the survival and development of human activities in the harsh arid environment of the mongolian steppe. as camels offer unique and sustainable opportunities for livestock production in marginal agro-ecological zones, we investigated the current genetic diversity of three local mongolian camel breeds and compared ... | 2014 | 24749721 |
| analysis of heavy and light chain sequences of conventional camelid antibodies from camelus dromedarius and camelus bactrianus species. | camel antibodies have been widely investigated, but work has focused upon the unique heavy chain antibodies found across camelid species. these are homodimers, devoid of light chains and the first constant heavy chain domain. camelid species also display conventional hetero-tetrameric antibodies with identical pairs of heavy and light chains; in camelus dromedarius these constitute 25% of circulating antibodies. few investigations have been made on this subset of antibodies and complete conventi ... | 2014 | 24444705 |
| the vγ9vδ2 t cell antigen receptor and butyrophilin-3 a1: models of interaction, the possibility of co-evolution, and the case of dendritic epidermal t cells. | most circulating human gamma delta t cells are vγ9vδ2 t cells. their hallmark is the expression of t cell antigen receptors (tcr) whose γ-chains show a vγ9-jp (vγ2-jγ1.2) rearrangement and are paired with vδ2-containing δ-chains, a dominant tcr configuration, which until recently seemed to occur in primates only. vγ9vδ2 t cells respond to phosphoantigens (pag) such as (e)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (hmbpp), which is produced by many pathogens and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (ipp), ... | 2014 | 25566259 |
| a comparative study of free oligosaccharides in the milk of domestic animals. | the present study was conducted to obtain a comprehensive overview of oligosaccharides present in the milk of a variety of important domestic animals including cows, goats, sheep, pigs, horses and dromedary camels. using an analytical workflow that included ultra-performance liquid chromatography-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight ms, detailed oligosaccharide libraries were established. the partial or full characterisati ... | 2014 | 24635885 |
| bovine calves as ideal bio-indicators for fluoridated drinking water and endemic osteo-dental fluorosis. | relative susceptibility to fluoride (f) toxicosis in the form of osteo-dental fluorosis was observed in an observational survey of 2,747 mature and 887 immature domestic animals of diverse species living in areas with naturally fluoridated (>1.5 ppm f) drinking water. these animals included buffaloes (bubalus bubalis), cattle (bos taurus), camels (camelus dromedarius), donkeys (equus asinus), horses (equus caballus), goats (capra hircus), and sheep (ovis aries). of these mature and immature anim ... | 2014 | 24671615 |
| antibodies against mers coronavirus in dromedary camels, united arab emirates, 2003 and 2013. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) has caused an ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory tract infection in humans in the arabian peninsula since 2012. dromedary camels have been implicated as possible viral reservoirs. we used serologic assays to analyze 651 dromedary camel serum samples from the united arab emirates; 151 of 651 samples were obtained in 2003, well before onset of the current epidemic, and 500 serum samples were obtained in 2013. recombinant spike prote ... | 2014 | 24655412 |
| host species restriction of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus through its receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012. recently, the mers-cov receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4) was identified and the specific interaction of the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of mers-cov spike protein and dpp4 was determined by crystallography. animal studies identified rhesus macaques but not hamsters, ferrets, or mice to be susceptible for mers-cov. here, we investigated the role of dpp4 in this observed species tropism. cell lines of human and nonhuman ... | 2014 | 24899185 |
| diagnostic nanoparticle targeting of the egf-receptor in complex biological conditions using single-domain antibodies. | for effective localization of functionalized nanoparticles at diseased tissues such as solid tumours or metastases through biorecognition, appropriate targeting vectors directed against selected tumour biomarkers are a key prerequisite. the diversity of such vector molecules ranges from proteins, including antibodies and fragments thereof, through aptamers and glycans to short peptides and small molecules. here, we analyse the specific nanoparticle targeting capabilities of two previously sugges ... | 2014 | 24777583 |
| heterologous antigen selection of camelid heavy chain single domain antibodies against tetrabromobisphenol a. | tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) is a ubiquitous flame retardant. a high-throughput immunoassay would allow for monitoring of human and environmental exposures as a part of risk assessment. naturally occurring antibodies in camelids that are devoid of light chain, show great promise as an efficient tool in monitoring environmental contaminants, but they have been rarely used for small molecules. an alpaca was immunized with a tbbpa hapten coupled to thyroglobulin and a variable domain of heavy chai ... | 2014 | 25068372 |
| identification of lamanema chavezi becklund 1963 infection in a llama (lama glama) in the united states. | infection with lamanema chavezi, a parasitic nematode of new world camelids, was diagnosed by examination of feces and formalin-fixed liver from a 14-month-old female llama (lama glama) that died after a 6-week illness. infection with l. chavezi was initially suspected when a granuloma containing an unidentified nematode was detected microscopically in the hepatic parenchyma from a necropsy specimen. the subsequent diagnosis of l. chavezi infection was based on the morphologic features of 2 imma ... | 2014 | 24398908 |
| feasibility of utilising an infrared-thermographic technique for early detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy camels (camelus dromedarius). | despite the proven ability of infrared thermography (irt) technology for early detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows/sheep/goats, studies on its diagnostic feasibility in dairy camels are lacking. sixty-five lactating camels in mid lactation, machine milked twice-daily and managed under intensive conditions were screened to evaluate the feasibility of utilising irt compared with other routine indicators in detecting subclinical mastitis. immediately before the morning milking, a portab ... | 2014 | 24331516 |
| molecular analysis of heavy chain-only antibodies of camelus bactrianus. | in this work, igg content and structures of antigen-binding domains and hinge regions of different igg subtypes of camelus bactrianus were analyzed in detail for the first time. our data demonstrate that c. bactrianus contains a very large amount of heavy chain-only antibodies that can be used as a source of vhh domain-containing molecules. despite some minor sequence differences identified in this study, c. bactrianus vhh domains possess principally the same unique features as those of c. drome ... | 2014 | 25716733 |
| characteristics of residency training associated with first-time pass rate on the american college of veterinary ophthalmologists certifying examination. | the aim of this study was to examine the association of various aspects of veterinary ophthalmology residency training with the first-time pass rate (ftpr) of the american college of veterinary ophthalmologists (acvo) examination, as well as the individual written, image recognition, animal examination, and surgical sections of the examination. | 2014 | 24131796 |
| nanoimmunoassay onto a screen printed electrode for her2 breast cancer biomarker determination. | a chip format sandwich-type immunoassay based on nanobodies(®) (nbs) with the human epidermal growth factor receptor (her2) extracellular domain as antigen model has been developed. the her2 is considered as an important biomarker because its overexpression causes an aggressive type of breast cancer. nbs are single domain antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies. the strategy of the presently developed sandwich immunoassay takes advantage of the small size of nbs for ... | 2014 | 25159394 |
| generation of vhh antibodies against the arabidopsis thaliana seed storage proteins. | antibodies and antibody derived fragments are excellent tools for the detection and purification of proteins. however, only few antibodies targeting arabidopsis seed proteins are currently available. here, we evaluate the process to make antibody libraries against crude protein extracts and more particularly to generate a vhh phage library against native arabidopsis thaliana seed proteins. after immunising a dromedary with a crude arabidopsis seed extract, we cloned the single-domain antigen-bin ... | 2014 | 23963604 |
| reconstructing the life of an unknown (ca. 500 years-old south american inca) mummy--multidisciplinary study of a peruvian inca mummy suggests severe chagas disease and ritual homicide. | the paleopathological, paleoradiological, histological, molecular and forensic investigation of a female mummy (radiocarbon dated 1451-1642 ad) provides circumstantial evidence for massive skull trauma affecting a young adult female individual shortly before death along with chronic infection by trypanosoma cruzi (chagas disease). the mummy (initially assumed to be a german bog body) was localized by stable isotope analysis to south america at/near the peruvian/northern chilean coast line. this ... | 2014 | 24586848 |
| control and eventual eradication of trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels after an episodic outbreak in mainland spain: an example in a non-endemic area. | in 2008, trypanosoma evansi was detected on a camel farm in mainland spain. the animals were isolated, confined in a closed stable, and treated twice with melarsamine (cymelarsan(®), merial, lyon, france) with an interval of 1 month. clinical and laboratory examinations by means of parasitological, serological, and molecular procedures (polymerase chain reaction (pcr)) were carried out regularly for 6 years. after the treatment, all parasitemic camels were cleared of parasites, and in the seropo ... | 2014 | 24933467 |
| genomics, phylogeny and in silico analysis of mitochondrial glutathione s-transferase-kappa from the camel camelus dromedarius. | the domesticated one-humped camel, camelus dromedarius, is one of the most important animals in the arabian peninsula. for most of its life, this species is exposed to both intrinsic and extrinsic genotoxic factors that cause gross dna alterations in many organisms. gst enzymes constitute an important supergene family involved in protection against the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and xenobiotics. cloning the camel mitochondrial gst kappa (gstk) gene and comparing its structural simil ... | 2014 | 24810173 |
| amblyomma parvitarsum (acari: ixodidae): localities, hosts and host-parasite ecology. | only a few aspects of the biology of amblyomma parvitarsum neumann are known. adults of this hard tick species are parasites of south american camelids in the andean plateau of argentina, bolivia, peru and chile and also in the argentine patagonia, but they have been also rarely found on other artyodactils and two species of birds. the larva has been collected from reptiles in northern chile, whereas the hosts for the nymph remain unknown. on nine localities included within altitude tropical and ... | 2014 | 23979654 |
| inhibition of biofilm formation by camelid single-domain antibodies against the flagellum of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections in patients with compromised host defense mechanisms, including burn wound victims. in addition to its intrinsic resistance against most antibiotics, p. aeruginosa has the ability to form biofilms adhering to biotic or abiotic surfaces. these factors make treatment of p. aeruginosa infections complicated and demand new therapies and drugs. the flagellum of p. aeruginosa plays an important role in cell-cell and cell-surface ... | 2014 | 24997356 |
| evaluation of the microbial quality of fresh ejaculates of camel (camelus dromedarius) semen. | a series of five factorial arranged experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different management during semen collection on the microbial quality (bacterial load, type of microbes and frequency of isolation) of dromedaries' semen. microbial analysis of seventy-nine fresh ejaculates from twenty-two camels showed the presence of nine variant colonies. the most prevalent organisms in the dromedary semen were species of staphylococcus, bacillus and streptococcus. one yeast species wa ... | 2014 | 25132210 |
| utilizing nanobody technology to target non-immunodominant domains of var2csa. | placental malaria is a major health problem for both pregnant women and their fetuses in malaria endemic regions. it is triggered by the accumulation of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (ie) in the intervillous spaces of the placenta and is associated with foetal growth restriction and maternal anemia. ie accumulation is supported by the binding of the parasite-expressed protein var2csa to placental chondroitin sulfate a (csa). defining specific csa-binding epitopes of var2csa, agains ... | 2014 | 24465459 |
| mycoplasma detection and isolation from one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius). | in scientific literature, a small amount of information is found concerning mycoplasmosis in camel species. mycoplasma (m.) arginini, acholeplasma (a.) laidlawii, and acholeplasma oculi have been reported to be isolated from these host species. serologically positive results have been reported for mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides sc type, mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, and m. mycoides subsp. capri. the aims of this study were to detect, isolate, and identify mycoplasmas from ca ... | 2014 | 25059705 |
| first report of toxoplasma gondii in camels (camelus dromedarius) in ethiopia: bioassay and seroepidemiological investigation. | toxoplasmosis is a major public health concern in many countries of the world. a cross-sectional and follow up experimental study designs were used for seroepidemiological and bioassay studies, respectively from november 2012 to april 2013. the objectives were to estimate the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection, to assess risk factors and to isolate the parasite from camels in the fentale district, ethiopia. a direct agglutination test (dat) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elis ... | 2014 | 25266944 |
| nanobody-based products as research and diagnostic tools. | since the serendipitous discovery 20 years ago of bona fide camelid heavy-chain antibodies, their single-domain antigen-binding fragments, known as vhhs or nanobodies, have received a progressively growing interest. as a result of the beneficial properties of these stable recombinant entities, they are currently highly valued proteins for multiple applications, including fundamental research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. today, with the original patents expiring, even more academic and industr ... | 2014 | 24698358 |
| protective effect of different anti-rabies virus vhh constructs against rabies disease in mice. | rabies virus causes lethal brain infection in about 61000 people per year. each year, tens of thousands of people receive anti-rabies prophylaxis with plasma-derived immunoglobulins and vaccine soon after exposure. anti-rabies immunoglobulins are however expensive and have limited availability. vhh are the smallest antigen-binding functional fragments of camelid heavy chain antibodies, also called nanobodies. the therapeutic potential of anti-rabies vhh was examined in a mouse model using intran ... | 2014 | 25347556 |
| comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions of rift valley fever virus: the 2010 northern mauritania outbreak in the camelus dromedarius species. | rift valley fever (rvf) is a mosquito-borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by rvf virus (rvfv), a phlebovirus (bunyaviridae). rvf is widespread in sub-saharan africa. in september of 2010, an rvf outbreak occurred in northern mauritania involving mass abortions in small ruminants and camels (camelus dromedarius) and at least 63 human clinical cases, including 13 deaths. in camels, serological prevalence was 27.5-38.5% (95% confidence interval, n=279). for the first time, clinical ... | 2014 | 25514121 |
| reprint of “inhibition of biofilm formation by camelid single-domainantibodies against the flagellum of pseudomonas aeruginosa”. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections in patients with compromised host defense mechanisms, including burn wound victims. in addition to its intrinsic resistance against most antibiotics, p. aeruginosa has the ability to form biofilms adhering to biotic or abiotic surfaces. these factors make treatment of p. aeruginosa infections complicated and demand new therapies and drugs. the flagellum of p. aeruginosa plays an important role in cell–cell and cell–surface ... | 2014 | 25450637 |
| in situ proteolysis, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of a vhh that binds listeria internalin b. | the variable region of camelid heavy-chain antibodies produces the smallest known antibody fragment with antigen-binding capability (a vhh). the vhh r303 binds internalin b (inlb), a virulence factor expressed by the pathogen listeria monocytogenes. inlb is critical for initiation of listeria infection, as it binds a receptor (c-met) on epithelial cells, triggering the entry of bacteria into host cells. inlb is surface-exposed and is required for virulence, hence a vhh targeting inlb has potenti ... | 2014 | 25372824 |
| structural basis for the inhibition of hiv-1 nef by a high-affinity binding single-domain antibody. | the hiv-1 nef protein is essential for aids pathogenesis by its interaction with host cell surface receptors and signaling factors. despite its critical role as a virulence factor nef is not targeted by current antiviral strategies. | 2014 | 24620746 |
| new hepatitis e virus genotype in camels, the middle east. | in a molecular epidemiology study of hepatitis e virus (hev) in dromedaries in dubai, united arab emirates, hev was detected in fecal samples from 3 camels. complete genome sequencing of 2 strains showed >20% overall nucleotide difference to known hevs. comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed a previously unrecognized hev genotype. | 2014 | 24856611 |
| haemonchus longistipes railliet & henry, 1909 (nematoda, trichostrongylidae) from the egyptian dromedary, camelus dromedarius (artiodactyla: camelidae), first identification on the basis of light and ultrastructural data. | haemonchus longistipes is a gastrointestinal abomasal nematode which is one of the most prevalent and pathogenic parasites infesting the stomach of ruminants. on the basis of light and ultrastructural data, the objective of the present study was to introduce a first identification of the cameline haemonchosis caused by h. longistipes. abomasa of 42 egyptian camels camelus dromedarius (artiodactyla: camelidae) were collected monthly from september 2013 to april 2014 from the main slaughter house ... | 2014 | 25273629 |
| seroepidemiology of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) population in northeast of iran. | 2014 | 24717205 | |
| structural basis for antibody recognition in the receptor-binding domains of toxins a and b from clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infection is a serious and highly prevalent nosocomial disease in which the two large, rho-glucosylating toxins tcda and tcdb are the main virulence factors. we report for the first time crystal structures revealing how neutralizing and non-neutralizing single-domain antibodies (sdabs) recognize the receptor-binding domains (rbds) of tcda and tcdb. surprisingly, the complexes formed by two neutralizing antibodies recognizing tcda do not show direct interference with the pre ... | 2014 | 24311789 |
| modelling the transmission dynamics of cystic echinococcosis in donkeys of different ages from tunisia. | during the period from march 2006 to july 2009 a total of 2040 slaughtered donkeys were examined for cystic echinococcosis (ce). ce prevalence in donkeys was 8.48% and the infection pressure (0.0088 infections per year) and infection rate (0.0448 cysts per year) appeared to be lower than those previously reported for cattle, sheep, dromedaries and goats in tunisia. however, the number of cysts per infection was relatively high (5.07 cysts per infection). among the 901 collected hydatid cysts the ... | 2014 | 24986435 |
| epidemiological study of hydatidosis in the dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) of different regions of iran. | to determine the prevalence of hydatidosis in dromedaries. | 2014 | 25183070 |
| outward-facing conformers of lacy stabilized by nanobodies. | the lactose permease of escherichia coli (lacy), a highly dynamic polytopic membrane protein, catalyzes stoichiometric galactoside/h(+) symport by an alternating access mechanism and exhibits multiple conformations, the distribution of which is altered by sugar binding. we have developed single-domain camelid nanobodies (nbs) against a lacy mutant in an outward (periplasmic)-open conformation to stabilize this state of the wt protein. twelve purified nbs inhibit lactose transport in right-side-o ... | 2014 | 25512549 |
| characterization of camel nanobodies specific for superfolder gfp fusion proteins. | superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfgfp) is a fusion tag which plays a dual role in monitoring and purifying the recombinant fusion proteins using specific binders. nanobodies are the smallest intact antigen binding fragments derived from heavy chain-only antibodies (hcabs) occurring in camelids. they are produced as recombinant proteins in e. coli and have different biotechnological applications, including the detection and purification of their specific antigens. to produce anti-sfgfp spe ... | 2014 | 25085037 |
| bioconjugates of rhizavidin with single domain antibodies as bifunctional immunoreagents. | use of the avidin-biotin binding interaction for immunoassay applications is widespread. one advantageous immunoreagent is the recombinant fusion of an antibody fragment with a biotin binding protein. these genetic fusions alleviate the need to prepare chemical conjugates to achieve molecules that combine target recognition with signal transduction or to facilitate the directional immobilization of the binding element. in order for such a fusion protein to be useful, however, it must be able to ... | 2014 | 24946086 |
| trim28 and β-actin identified via nanobody-based reverse proteomics approach as possible human glioblastoma biomarkers. | malignant gliomas are among the rarest brain tumours, and they have the worst prognosis. grade iv astrocytoma, known as glioblastoma multiforme (gbm), is a highly lethal disease where the standard therapies of surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy, cannot significantly prolong the life expectancy of the patients. tumour recurrence shows more aggressive form compared to the primary tumour, and results in patient survival from 12 to 15 months only. although still controversial, the cance ... | 2014 | 25419715 |
| a rapid live-cell elisa for characterizing antibodies against cell surface antigens of chlamydomonas reinhardtii and its use in isolating algae from natural environments with related cell wall components. | cell walls are essential for most bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae and land plants to provide shape, structural integrity and protection from numerous biotic and abiotic environmental factors. in the case of eukaryotic algae, relatively little is known of the composition, structure or mechanisms of assembly of cell walls in individual species or between species and how these differences enable algae to inhabit a great diversity of environments. in this paper we describe the use of camelid antibod ... | 2014 | 25252698 |
| tropism and replication of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from dromedary camels in the human respiratory tract: an in-vitro and ex-vivo study. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a zoonotic infection causing severe viral pneumonia, with index cases having resided in or recently travelled to the arabian peninsula, and is a global concern for public health. limited human-to-human transmission, leading to some case clusters, has been reported. mers-cov has been reported in dromedary camels but phenotypic characterisation of such viruses is limited. we aimed to compare mers-cov isolates from dromedaries in saudi arab ... | 2014 | 25174549 |
| recombinant expression and purification of human placental growth factor 1 and specific camel heavy chain polyclonal antibody preparation. | placental growth factor (plgf) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) family. unlike vegf, plgf is dispensable for normal cell development as well as playing various roles in pathological angiogenesis which occurs in tissue ischemia, inflammation, and malignancy. the plgf-1 has been considered as a potential candidate for the diagnosis and targeting of pathological angiogenesis. camelidae serum contains an important fraction of functional antibodies, called heavy-chain anti ... | 2014 | 24596498 |
| the effect of fibre source on the numbers of some fibre-degrading bacteria of arabian camel's (camelus dromedarius) foregut origin. | the total bacterial community of fibrobacter succinogenes and ruminococcus flavefaciens in fibre-enriched culture of the foregut contents of 12 adult feral camels (camelus dromedaries) fed on native vegetation in australia was investigated using quantitative pcr. foregut contents were collected postmortem, pooled and filtered before divided into two fractions. one fraction was used for extraction of dna, while the other fraction was inoculated straight away into bm 10 contained filter paper (fp) ... | 2014 | 24898095 |
| comparative studies on genital infections and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates from camels (camelus dromedarius) and cows (bos indicus) in maiduguri, north-eastern nigeria. | a total of 160 genitalia of camels and cows were investigated in maiduguri, north-eastern nigeria to compare bacterial isolates and the antibacterial susceptibilities of some of the isolates. streptococcus (str.) pyogenes (31%), escherichia (e.) coli (24%) and staphylococcus (s.) aureus (20%) were the most common vaginal bacterial isolates in camels; while e. coli (73%), str. pyogenes (18%) and s. aureus (11%) were the most frequent isolates in the cows. of the 78 uterine isolates recovered in t ... | 2014 | 24570857 |
| a review of experimental infections with bluetongue virus in the mammalian host. | experimental infection studies with bluetongue virus (btv) in the mammalian host have a history that stretches back to the late 18th century. studies in a wide range of ruminant and camelid species as well as mice have been instrumental in understanding btv transmission, bluetongue (bt) pathogenicity/pathogenesis, viral virulence, the induced immune response, as well as reproductive failures associated with btv infection. these studies have in many cases been complemented by in vitro studies wit ... | 2014 | 24462840 |
| comparative sequence analysis of double stranded rna binding protein encoding gene of parapoxviruses from indian camels. | the dsrna binding protein (rbp) encoding gene of parapoxviruses (ppvs) from the dromedary camels, inhabitating different geographical region of rajasthan, india were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the primers of pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) from finnish reindeer and cloned into pgem-t for sequence analysis. analysis of rbp encoding gene revealed that ppv dna from bikaner shared 98.3% and 76.6% sequence identity at the amino acid level, with pali and udaipur ppv dna, respectively. refer ... | 2014 | 25685494 |
| camelid brucellosis: a review. | camel brucellosis has been diagnosed in all camel-rearing countries except australia. in many countries the infection is on the rise in old world camels (owcs) due to the uncontrolled trade of live animals. knowledge of camelid brucellosis has increased over the last decade through field investigations, experimental infection trials and comprehensive laboratory testing. infection with brucella melitensis is frequent in owcs and rare with b. abortus. new world camels rarely contract brucellosis. ... | 2014 | 25812208 |
| protease-resistant single-domain antibodies inhibit campylobacter jejuni motility. | camelid heavy-chain antibody variable domains (vhhs) are emerging as potential antimicrobial reagents. we have engineered a previously isolated vhh (flagv1m), which binds campylobacter jejuni flagella, for greater thermal and proteolytic stability. mutants of flagv1m were obtained from an error-prone polymerase chain reaction library that was panned in the presence of gastrointestinal (gi) proteases. additional flagv1m mutants were obtained through disulfide-bond engineering. each approach produ ... | 2014 | 24742504 |
| innocuity and immune response to brucella melitensis rev.1 vaccine in camels (camelus dromedarius). | a field trial was conducted in a camel brucellosis-free herd to evaluate antibody response to the brucella melitensis rev.1 vaccine in camels and assess shedding of the vaccine strain in milk. twenty eight camels were divided into four groups according to their age and vaccination route. groups a (n=3) and b (n=3) consisted of non-pregnant lactating female camels, vaccinated through subcutaneous and conjunctival routes, respectively. groups c (n=10) consisted of 8-11 months old calves vaccinated ... | 2014 | 26623347 |
| [travel-associated pneumonias]. | respiratory infections are responsible for up to 11% of febrile infections in travellers or immigrants from tropical and subtropical regions. the main pathogens are the same as in temperate climate zones: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, influenza viruses, legionella pneumophila. however, some pulmonary diseases can be attributed to bacterial, parasitic, viral or fungal pathogens that are endemic in tropical and subtropical region ... | 2014 | 25290923 |
| [first serological study of the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in dromedary (camelus dromedarius) in tunisia]. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in dromedary (camelus dromedarius). sera of 226 healthy dromedaries from three regions of tunisia (sidi bouzid, bouficha and douz) were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa). the overall infection rate was estimated at 29.2%. the study of risk factors showed that region, age, gender, presence of ticks and types of breeding had no influence on the seroprevalence of a. phagocytophilum. this study indicates f ... | 2014 | 24363017 |
| pastoralism in northern peru during pre-hispanic times: insights from the mochica period (100-800 ad) based on stable isotopic analysis of domestic camelids. | llama (lama glama) and alpaca (vicugna pacos) are the only large domesticated animals indigenous to the americas. pastoralism occupies a fundamental economic, social and religious role in andean life. today, camelid livestock are confined to the ecozone of the puna (above 3,500 masl), while their presence on the pacific coast during pre-hispanic times is attested by archaeological skeletal remains. this study aims to document herding practices on the northern peruvian coast during the early inte ... | 2014 | 24498136 |