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occurrence, source, and human infection potential of cryptosporidium and enterocytozoon bieneusi in drinking source water in shanghai, china, during a pig carcass disposal incident.in march 2013, thousands of domestic pig carcasses were found floating in the huangpu river, a drinking source water in shanghai, china. to investigate the impact of the pig carcass incident on microbial water quality, 178 river water samples were collected from the upper huangpu river from march 2013 to march 2014. samples were concentrated by calcium carbonate flocculation and examined for host-adapted cryptosporidium and enterocytozoon bieneusi by ploymerase chain reaction (pcr). positive pcr ...201425383482
high-density dependence but low impact on selected reproduction parameters of brucella suis biovar 2 in wild boar hunting estates from south-western spain.porcine brucellosis is a disease caused by brucella suis, which is characterized by reproductive disorders in pigs. the number of cases of swine brucellosis has risen in many european countries, likely because of the presence of a wild reservoir of b. suis in wild boar. this study aimed at evaluating factors that may influence the probability of infection with brucella spp. in wild boar and at assessing the impact of a previous contact with brucella spp. on reproductive parameters of wild boar. ...201423347330
emergence of 2.1. subgenotype of classical swine fever virus in pig population of india in 2011.limited studies are available on molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in india and are restricted to domestic pigs. these studies show the presence of 1.1. genotype.201425365116
comparative analyses of host responses upon infection with moderately virulent classical swine fever virus in domestic pigs and wild boar.classical swine fever (csf) is one of the most important viral diseases of pigs. clinical signs may vary from almost inapparent infection to a hemorrhagic fever like illness. among the host factors leading to different disease courses are age, breed, and immune status. the aim of this study was to compare host responses of different pig breeds upon infection with a recent moderately virulent csf virus (csfv) strain, and to assess their impact on the clinical outcome and the efficiency of immune ...201425073480
complete genome sequence of classical swine fever virus genotype 2.2 strain bergen.the complete genome sequence of the genotype 2.2 classical swine fever virus strain bergen has been determined; this strain was originally isolated from persistently infected domestic pigs in the netherlands and is characterized to be of low virulence.201424874676
discovering up-regulated vegf-c expression in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells by classical swine fever virus shimen.infection of domestic swine with the highly virulent shimen strain of classical swine fever virus causes hemorrhagic lymphadenitis and diffuse hemorrhaging in infected swine. we analyzed patterns of gene expression for csfv shimen in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells (suvecs). transcription of the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) c gene (vegf-c) and translation of the corresponding protein were significantly up-regulated in suvecs. our findings suggest that vegf-c is involved in me ...201424758593
screening of cellular proteins that interact with the classical swine fever virus non-structural protein 5a by yeast two-hybrid analysis.classical swine fever virus (csfv), the pathogen of classical swine fever (csf), causes severe hemorrhagic fever and vascular necrosis in domestic pigs and wild boar. a large number of evidence has proven that non-structural 5a (ns5a) is not only a very important part of viral replication complex, but also can regulate host cell's function; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. in the current study, aiming to find more clues in understanding the molecular mechanisms of csf ...201424499791
efficacy of marker vaccine candidate cp7_e2alf against challenge with classical swine fever virus isolates of different genotypes.classical swine fever (csf) is among the most important viral disease of domestic and feral pigs and has a serious impact on animal health and pig industry. in most countries with industrialized pig production, prophylactic vaccination against csf is banned, and all efforts are directed towards eradication of the disease, e.g. by culling of infected herds and animal movement restrictions. nevertheless, emergency vaccination remains an option to minimize the socio-economic impact of outbreaks. fo ...201424411658
the challenges of classical swine fever control: modified live and e2 subunit vaccines.classical swine fever (csf) is an economically important, highly contagious disease of swine worldwide. csf is caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv), and domestic pigs and wild boars are its only natural hosts. the two main strategies used to control csf epidemic are systematic prophylactic vaccination and a non-vaccination stamping-out policy. this review compares the protective efficacy of the routinely used modified live vaccine (mlv) and e2 subunit vaccines and summarizes the factors ...201424211665
genetic relatedness of brucella suis biovar 2 isolates from hares, wild boars and domestic pigs.porcine brucellosis generally manifests as disorders in reproductive organs potentially leading to serious losses in the swine industry. brucella suis biovar 2 is endemic in european wild boar (sus scrofa) and hare (lepus europeus, lepus capensis) populations, thus these species may play a significant role in disease spread and serve as potential sources of infection for domestic pigs. the aim of this study was an epidemiologic analysis of porcine brucellosis in hungary and a comparative analysi ...201424962519
experimental schmallenberg virus infection of pigs.schmallenberg virus (sbv) is a newly emerged virus responsible for an acute non-specific syndrome in adult cattle including high fever, decrease in milk production and severe diarrhea. it also causes reproductive problems in cattle, sheep and goat including abortions, stillbirths and malformations. the role of pigs in the epidemiology of sbv has not yet been evaluated while this could be interesting seen their suggested role in the epidemiology of the closely related akabane virus. to address th ...201424679959
anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin and abamectin, administered orally for seven consecutive days (100 µg/kg/day), against nematodes in naturally infected pigs.the present study aimed to evaluate ivermectin and abamectin, both administered orally in naturally infected domestic swine, as well as analysing if the epg (eggs per gram of faeces) values were equivalent with the ivermectin and abamectin efficacy obtained by parasitological necropsies. the animals were randomly selected based on the average of three consecutive epg counts of strongylida, ascaris suum and trichuris for experiment i, and of strongylida and trichuris for experiment ii. after the ...201425278142
first molecular assessment of the african swine fever virus status of ornithodoros ticks from swaziland.african swine fever (asf) is an economically significant haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs. it is caused by the african swine fever virus (asfv), a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna)arbovirus. argasid ticks of the genus ornithodoros, which are widely distributed throughout southern africa, play a primary role in virus maintenance and spread within the endemic sylvatic cycle. the asf status of swaziland is unknown, but this land-locked country is surrounded by asf-positive countries, has a burgeonin ...201426304186
expression library immunization can confer protection against lethal challenge with african swine fever virus.african swine fever is one of the most devastating pig diseases, against which there is no vaccine available. recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated the protective potential of dna vaccines encoding three african swine fever viral antigens (p54, p30, and the hemagglutinin extracellular domain) fused to ubiquitin. partial protection was afforded in the absence of detectable antibodies prior to virus challenge, and survival correlated with the presence of a large number of hemagglutinin- ...201425210179
reliable in vitro studies require appropriate ovarian cancer cell lines.ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women and the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies. of the 75% women diagnosed with locally advanced or disseminated disease, only 30% will survive five years following treatment. this poor prognosis is due to the following reasons: limited understanding of the tumor origin, unclear initiating events and early developmental stages of ovarian cancer, lack of reliable ovarian cancer-specific biomarkers, and drug re ...201424936210
experimental feeding of hydrilla verticillata colonized by stigonematales cyanobacteria induces vacuolar myelinopathy in painted turtles (chrysemys picta).vacuolar myelinopathy (vm) is a neurologic disease primarily found in birds that occurs when wildlife ingest submerged aquatic vegetation colonized by an uncharacterized toxin-producing cyanobacterium (hereafter "ucb" for "uncharacterized cyanobacterium"). turtles are among the closest extant relatives of birds and many species directly and/or indirectly consume aquatic vegetation. however, it is unknown whether turtles can develop vm. we conducted a feeding trial to determine whether painted tu ...201424695109
pathogen presence in feral pigs and their movement around two commercial piggeries in queensland, australia.feral pigs are wild animal reservoirs of infectious pathogens transmissible to other species, all of which are transmissible to domestic pigs. the objective of this study was to detect the presence of harmful production-limiting pathogens; brucella suis, leptospira species, lawsonia intracellularis, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a feral pig population within a 10 km radius of two large-scale commercial piggeries in southern queensland, australia. the movement pa ...201424572722
seroprevalence of porcine proliferative enteropathy among wild boars in the republic of korea.the importance of the wild boar as a reservoir of lawsonia intracellularis was assessed by investigating the seroprevalence of this pathogen among wild boars in the republic of korea. the extent of exposure to l. intracellularis among wild boars (sus scrofa coreanus) was monitored by a country-wide serological survey using an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay.201424393381
strong artificial selection in domestic mammals did not result in an increased recombination rate.recombination rates vary in intensity and location at the species, individual, sex and chromosome levels. despite the fundamental biological importance of this process, the selective forces that operate to shape recombination rate and patterns are unclear. domestication offers a unique opportunity to study the interplay between recombination and selection. in domesticates, intense selection for particular traits is imposed on small populations over many generations, resulting in organisms that d ...201425414125
domestic, peridomestic and wild hosts in the transmission of trypanosoma cruzi in the caatinga area colonised by triatoma brasiliensis.the role played by different mammal species in the maintenance of trypanosoma cruzi is not constant and varies in time and place. this study aimed to characterise the importance of domestic, wild and peridomestic hosts in the transmission of t. cruzi in tauá, state of ceará, caatinga area, brazil, with an emphasis on those environments colonised by triatoma brasiliensis. direct parasitological examinations were performed on insects and mammals, serologic tests were performed on household and out ...201425410992
pathogenic enterobacteria in lemurs associated with anthropogenic disturbance.as human population density continues to increase exponentially, speeding the reduction and fragmentation of primate habitat, greater human-primate contact is inevitable, making higher rates of pathogen transmission likely. anthropogenic effects are particularly evident in madagascar, where a diversity of endemic lemur species are threatened by rapid habitat loss. despite these risks, knowledge of how anthropogenic activities affect lemur exposure to pathogens is limited. to improve our understa ...201425328106
normal electrocardiographic and echocardiographic (m-mode and two-dimensional) values in polish landrace pigs.swine are recognized animal models of human cardiovascular diseases. normal values of cardiac morphology and function have been published for swine but for smaller number of pigs and not for swine whose weights ranged up 100 kg. in order to improve the value of results of an investigation on cardiac morphology and function in swine when such data are extrapolated to humans, the aim of this study was to document electrocardiographic and echocardiographic measures of cardiac morphology and functio ...201425196530
feral pigs as hosts for amblyomma sculptum (acari: ixodidae) populations in the pantanal, mato grosso do sul, brazil.the pantanal in brazil is the largest floodplain of the world. this ecosystem, rich in wildlife, has a large feral pig population. such a large host biomass must have a strong influence on the parasite fauna. in this work, we evaluated the role of feral pigs in the maintenance of amblyomma sculptum (formerly amblyomma cajennense), the most prevalent tick species in the pantanal. tick infestations were evaluated on 243 feral pigs and their environment. the suitability of domestic pigs, representi ...201425037743
outbreak of trichinella spiralis infections associated with a wild boar hunted at a game farm in iowa.rates of trichinellosis have declined significantly in the united states due to improved pork production practices and public awareness of the danger of eating raw or undercooked pork. in april 2011, the minnesota department of health received a report of presumptive trichinellosis in a 50-year-old man with a history of wild boar consumption. a public health investigation was initiated.201425214511
european mustelids occupying pristine wetlands in the danube delta are infected with trichinella likely derived from domesticated swine.abstract we analyzed 32 specimens from nine species of mustelidae for trichinella; six infections from two trichinella species were observed from three host species. this provides documentation of trichinella in mustela erminea and martes foina in romania and trichinella spiralis in a mustelid host from europe. trichinella spiralis continues to be a public challenge characterized by a wide host range and geographical distribution ( pozio 2007 ). during the past 20 yr, romania has had the most re ...201425121406
surveillance of feral swine for trichinella spp. and toxoplasma gondii in the usa and host-related factors associated with infection.trichinella spp. and toxoplasma gondii are important zoonotic parasites that infect warm blooded animals and humans worldwide. among domesticated food animals, pigs are the main host for trichinella spiralis. pigs, chickens, sheep, and goats are known to be infected with t. gondii at varying rates, depending on husbandry. infections in wildlife with these parasites are generally higher than in domesticated species. feral swine act as reservoirs of infection in the sylvatic ecosystem for trichine ...201425182211
isolation and pathogenicity of toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected (rustic farm) pigs in southern brazil.this study reported a serological test for toxoplasma gondii infection in 100 pigs from 58 rural farms in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil. thirty-six pigs were seropositive (ifat≥1:64). bioassays were performed for all 36 seropositive pigs, and 17 isolates were obtained (47.2%). seven of these isolates (41.2%) were highly pathogenic to mice, as clinical signs of acute infection were observed, and tachyzoites were found in the peritoneal exudates, livers, and lungs. the remaining 10 isolat ...201424612744
seroprevalence and correlates of toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic pigs in veracruz state, mexico.toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs has epidemiological concern for its contributing role in human infections. we determined seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in 402 domestic pigs raised in backyards in veracruz state, mexico using the modified agglutination test (mat; cut off 1:25); 182 (45.3%) of the 402 pigs were seropositive with mat titers of 1:25 in 28, 1:50 in 22, 1:100 in 18, 1:200 in 30, 1:400 in 35, 1:800 in 23, 1:1,600 in 11, and 1:3,200 or higher in 15. seropositive pigs were fou ...201424510223
molecular typing of streptococcus suis isolates from iberian pigs: a comparison with isolates from common intensively-reared commercial pig breeds.the iberian pig (ip) is a traditional spanish breed variety of the domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus) with high economic importance because of the value of the dry-cured products in national and international markets. the genetic characteristics of tonsillar and clinical streptococcus suis isolates from the ip maintained under extensive or intensive management conditions were investigated. s. suis isolates from ip pigs were compared with s. suis isolates from intensively-farmed pigs of common ...201425458888
genomic characterization of pseudorabies virus strains isolated in italy.in this study, we undertook the genomic characterization of 54 pseudorabies virus (prv) strains isolated in italy during 1984-2010. the characterization was based on partial sequencing of the ul44 (gc) and us8 (ge) genes; 44 strains (38 for gene ge and 36 for gc) were isolated on pig farms; 9 originated from dogs and 1 from cattle. these porcine prv strains, which were closely related to those isolated in europe and america in the last 20 years, and the bovine strain bovine/it/2441/1992 belong t ...201423331342
characterisation of pseudorabies virus in domestic pigs and wild boars in croatia.serological data imply that pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) is present in domestic pigs and wild boars in croatia. therefore, this study included testing of brain tissue samples collected from 200 domestic pigs and 105 wild boars originating from seventeen districts of croatia. the presence of pseudorabies virus (prv) dna was confirmed in samples originating from six domestic pigs (3%) and one wild boar (0.95%). positive samples were sequenced and analysed on the basis of a gc genome fragment. ...201425410393
molecular characterization of belgian pseudorabies virus isolates from domestic swine and wild boar.aujeszky's disease is an economically important disease in domestic swine caused by suid herpesvirus 1, also called pseudorabies virus (prv). in several european countries, including belgium, the virus has successfully been eradicated from the domestic swine population. the presence of prv in the wild boar population however poses a risk for possible reintroduction of the virus into the domestic pig population. it is therefore important to assess the genetic relatedness between circulating strai ...201424908275
genetic diversity of prrs virus collected from air samples in four different regions of concentrated swine production during a high incidence season.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most relevant swine diseases in the us, costing the industry millions of dollars per year. unfortunately, disease control is difficult because of the virus dynamics, as prrs virus (prrsv) can be transmitted by air between farms, especially, in regions with high density of swine operations. while long distance airborne transport of prrsv has been reported, there is little information regarding the dynamics of prrsv airborne challe ...201425405592
reston virus in domestic pigs in china.historically, reston virus (restv) has been found to be associated with outbreaks of disease only in nonhuman primates. its spread to domestic pigs was reported for the first time in 2008. in this study, we report the discovery, molecular detection, and phylogenetic analysis of reston virus (restv) in domestic pigs in china. a total of 137 spleen specimens from pigs that died after showing typical clinical signs of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), and for which infection wit ...201422996641
coexistence of multiple strains of porcine parvovirus 2 in pig farms.the porcine parvovirus 2 (ppv2) genome was first identified in 2001 in myanmar. recently, the ppv2 genome has been found in several other countries. in this study, the prevalence of ppv2 in japanese domestic pigs was investigated and found to be 58% (69/120) in healthy domestic pigs and 100% (69/69) in sick domestic pigs. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the pcr products of the vp1 gene and an almost full length ppv2 clone indicated that diverged ppv2 strains exist in japan. clearly disti ...201424845822
first report of hepatitis e virus circulation in domestic pigs in nigeria.hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of acute hepatitis in humans. zoonotic transmission between pigs and humans has been confirmed. human hev infection is common in nigeria; however, characterization of hev infection in other species was lacking. the objective of this study was to investigate hev infection in nigerian pigs. a total of 286 serum samples from six states in nigeria were tested for presence of anti-hev igg. ninety fecal samples from one of these states (plateau state) were ...201425002299
detection of serum antibodies to hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs in italy using a recombinant swine hev capsid protein.the hepatitis e virus (hev) has been detected in both humans and animals, particularly pigs, worldwide. several evidences, including human infection following consumption of raw contaminated meat, suggest a zoonotic transmission of hev. in italy, large circulation of genotype 3 hev has been reported in swine, and recent studies have confirmed the involvement of this genotype in autochthonous human cases.201424934984
seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in humans living in high pig density areas of germany.an increase in acute autochthonous hepatitis e virus (hev) infections has been recorded in germany. these are suspected to be zoonotically transmitted from wild boar, deer and domestic pig. the latter may represent a major reservoir for hev. in this study, 537 sera from humans living in westphalia and lower saxony, representing areas of high pig density in germany, were tested for the presence of hev-specific antibodies. among them were 302 individuals with occupational, direct contact to pigs a ...201424744181
seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs and wild boars in switzerland.hepatitis e is considered an emerging human viral disease in industrialized countries. studies from switzerland report a human seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) of 2.6-21%, a range lower than in adjacent european countries. the aim of this study was to determine whether hev seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars is also lower in switzerland and whether it is increasing and thus indicating that this zoonotic viral infection is emerging. serum samples collected from 2,001 pigs in 2 ...201424499160
features of hepatitis e virus infection in humans and animals in japan.in japan, hepatitis e had long been considered to be a rare liver disease which can be accidentally imported from endemic countries in asia and africa, where the sanitation conditions are suboptimal. however, since the identification of the first autochthonous hepatitis e case and hepatitis e viremic domestic pigs in japan in 2001, our understanding of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in this country has been changing markedly. this has largely been due to the development of serological and gen ...201423721425
natural and experimental hepatitis e virus genotype 3-infection in european wild boar is transmissible to domestic pigs.hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis e in humans in developing countries, but sporadic and autochthonous cases do also occur in industrialised countries. in europe, food-borne zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 (gt3) has been associated with domestic pig and wild boar. however, little is known about the course of hev infection in european wild boar and their role in hev transmission to domestic pigs. to investigate the transmissibility and pathogenesis of wild boar- ...201425421429
phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus in domestic swine and wild boar in germany.hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging non-enveloped positive strand rna virus with worldwide distribution that can cause acute liver disease in humans. the virus has also been detected in both domestic and wild animals. in this study we investigated the presence of hev in free-living wild boar as well as in domestic swine. a total of 105 domestic swine fecal samples and 124 wild boar sera were tested for the presence of hev rna by rt-pcr. a 241 nucleotide (nt) fragment from the capsid gene of h ...201425287630
impact of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination on boar semen quality and quantity using two different vaccines.porcine circovirus type-2 (pcv2) is widespread in domestic pig populations. it can be shed with boar semen, but the role boars have in epidemiology is still unclear. vaccinating boars against pcv2 can reduce disease and virus load in semen, but may have unwanted side effects, that is, impairment of spermatogenesis. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect and impact of two different pcv2 vaccines on boar semen quality and quantity. healthy normospermic large white boars in ...201424954420
phylogenetic comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strains detected in domestic pigs until 2008 and in 2012 in croatia.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) have been present for the last 2 decades in croatia, causing large economical losses in the pig production. the clinical features of the infections are mostly manifested by the development of respiratory problems, weight loss and poor growth performance, as well as reproductive failure in pregnant sows. even though the infections are continuously recognized in some regions in croatia, the heterogenei ...201424839544
origin of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) from swine affected by pcv2-associated diseases in croatia.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes some of the most significant economic losses in pig production. several multisystemic syndromes have been attributed to pcv2 infection, which are known as pcv2-associated diseases (pcvds). this study investigated the origin and evolution of pcv2 sequences in domestic pigs and wild boars affected by pcvds in croatia. viral sequences were recovered from three wild boars diagnosed with pcv2-systemic disease (pcv2-sd), 63 fetuses positive for pcv2 dna as deter ...201424591478
genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in the korean wild boar population.the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has reached very high levels in the pig population in south korea and throughout the world since it was first described in the late 1990s. in this study, we found that the prevalence of pcv2 in the korean wild boar population was 4.98% (91/1825). interestingly, 19 pcv2 orf2 sequences that could be completely sequenced showed that they belonged only to genotype pcv2b, subgroup 1a/b (n=16) and 1c (n=3). we suggest that sites potentially under positive selection ...201424480584
detection of antibodies against paracoccidioides brasiliensis in free-range domestic pigs (sus scrofa).paracoccidioidomycosis, caused by the thermodimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is a human systemic mycosis prevalent in latin america. paracoccidioidomycosis affects mainly male rural workers, causing granulomatous lesions in several organs such as the lungs, liver and spleen. the participation of other animal species in the fungus epidemiology is not well understood. the objective of this study was to evaluate the infection of free-range domestic pigs by p. brasiliensis. serum samp ...201424436011
molecular epidemiology of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from outbreaks of enzootic pneumonia in domestic pig and the role of wild boar.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the major cause of enzootic pneumonia (ep) in domestic pigs, a disease with low mortality but high morbidity, having a great economic impact for producers. in switzerland ep has been successfully eradicated, however, sporadic outbreaks are observed with no obvious source. besides the possibility of recurrent outbreaks due to persisting m. hyopneumoniae strains within the pig population, there is suspicion that wild boars might introduce m. hyopneumoniae into swine her ...201425236987
molecular epizootiology and diagnosis of porcine babesiosis in sardinia, italy.the recent characterization of the 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) of a pathogenic babesia species in a domestic sow paved the way for establishing diagnostic and epidemiological tools for porcine babesiosis. here, we developed the first specific babesia sp. suis pcr, and we applied this test to a panel of samples collected from animals living in a typical mediterranean environment (sardinia, italy), including domestic pigs, wild boars, and ticks. in domestic pigs, pcr coupled with sequencing revealed ...201425325315
expression of nk1 receptor at the protein and mrna level in the porcine female reproductive system.the presence and distribution of substance p (sp) receptor nk1 was studied in the ovary, the oviduct and the uterus (uterine horn and cervix) of the domestic pig using the methods of molecular biology (rt-pcr and immunoblot) and immunohistochemistry. the expression of nk1 receptor at mrna level was confirmed with rt-pcr in all the studied parts of the porcine female reproductive system by the presence of 525 bp pcr product and at the protein level by the detection of 46 kda protein band in immun ...201425286656
comamonas faecalis sp. nov., isolated from domestic pig feces.a new bacterial strain, designated as ff42(t), was isolated from feces of domestic pigs-collected from suwon, korea-and was characterized to determine its taxonomic position. strain ff42(t) was observed to be gram negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, motile, and rod-shaped cells. based on the phylogenetic and 16s rrna sequence analyses, it was revealed that strain ff42(t) belonged to the genus comamonas. the highest degree of sequence similarities was determined to be with comamonas zonglianii ...201424633862
reproductive technologies and the porcine embryonic transcriptome.the domestic pig is not only an economically-important livestock species, but also an increasingly recognized biomedical animal model due to its physiological similarities with humans. as a result, there is a strong interest in the factors that affect the efficient production of viable embryos and offspring in the pig using either in vivo or in vitro production methods. the application of assisted reproductive technologies (art) has the potential to increase reproductive efficiency in livestock. ...201424953007
variation in mitochondrial minichromosome composition between blood-sucking lice of the genus haematopinus that infest horses and pigs.the genus haematopinus contains 21 species of blood-sucking lice, parasitizing both even-toed ungulates (pigs, cattle, buffalo, antelopes, camels and deer) and odd-toed ungulates (horses, donkeys and zebras). the mitochondrial genomes of the domestic pig louse, haematopinus suis, and the wild pig louse, haematopinus apri, have been sequenced recently; both lice have fragmented mitochondrial genomes with 37 genes on nine minichromosomes. to understand whether the composition of mitochondrial mini ...201424690192
immunohistochemical and functional analysis of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (cd39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (cd73) in pig aortic valves.extracellular nucleotides control mechanisms such as thrombosis or inflammation that are important in several pathologies, including heart valve disease and calcification. ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (entpd1, cd39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (e5nt, cd73) are ectoenzymes that convert adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate and finally to adenosine. changes in activities of these enzymes influence extracellular nucleotide concentrations and there ...201424940684
analysis of spatio-temporal patterns of african swine fever cases in russian wild boar does not reveal an endemic situation.african swine fever (asf) is a highly lethal viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar. asf was introduced into the southern russian federation in 2007 and is now reported to be spreading in populations of wild and domestic suids. an endemic situation in the local wild boar population would significantly complicate management of the disease in the livestock population. to date no sound method exists for identifying the characteristic pattern of an endemic situation, which describes infection ...201425205556
bone formation in peri-implant defects grafted with microparticles: a pilot animal experimental study.this study aimed to evaluate the healing of peri-implant defects grafted with microparticles (mps).201425131387
imaging rage expression in atherosclerotic plaques in hyperlipidemic pigs.receptor for advanced glycated end product (rage) expression is a prominent feature of atherosclerosis. we have previously shown in apoe null mice uptake of a radiolabeled anti-rage antibody in atherosclerotic plaque and now evaluate rage-directed imaging to identify advanced plaques in a large animal model.201425006545
complete sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of porcine kobuvirus in domestic pigs in northwest china.porcine kobuvirus, a member of the genus kobuvirus that is associated with diarrhea, has been reported in many countries. we determined the complete genome sequence and investigated the genetic evolution of the kobuvirus strain swkov ch441, which was detected in the highland of gansu province in northwest china. the viral genome is 8149 nucleotides (nt) long, including a 29-nt poly(a) tail of the 3' end, and is 90 nt shorter in the 2b coding region than those of other kobuvirus strains whose seq ...201424777826
expression of the myosin heavy chain iib gene in porcine skeletal muscle: the role of the carg-box promoter response element.due to its similarity to humans, the pig is increasingly being considered as a good animal model for studying a range of human diseases. despite their physiological similarities, differential expression of the myosin heavy chain (myhc) iib gene (myh4) exists in the skeletal muscles of these species, which is associated with a different muscle phenotype. the expression of different myhc isoforms is a critical determinant of the contractile and metabolic characteristics of the muscle fibre. we aim ...201425469802
establishing a critical-size mandibular defect model in growing pigs: characterization of spontaneous healing.a large animal model is desired for preclinical studies aimed at reconstructing severe mandibular skeletal defects using tissue engineering techniques. to identify the size and location requirements for a mandibular critical-size bone defect in growing pigs, the present study investigated the spontaneous healing of surgically created mandibular defects.201424815793
the porcine innate immune system: an update.over the last few years, we have seen an increasing interest and demand for pigs in biomedical research. domestic pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) are closely related to humans in terms of their anatomy, genetics, and physiology, and often are the model of choice for the assessment of novel vaccines and therapeutics in a preclinical stage. however, the pig as a model has much more to offer, and can serve as a model for many biomedical applications including aging research, medical imaging, and pharm ...201424709051
characterization of porcine nlrp3 inflammasome activation and its upstream mechanism.inflammasomes, which are intracellular sensors of endogenous or exogenous danger signals, activate caspase-1, resulting in interleukin (il)-1β maturation. although most studies on inflammasomes have been performed in human and/or mouse-derived macrophages, porcine inflammasome activation has not been elucidated even though pigs are considered one of the best animal models for translational and preclinical investigations. in this study, we optimized detection of porcine il-1β secretion, which is ...201424691785
influence of hypotension and nerve root section on the ability to mobilize the spinal cord during spine surgery. an experimental study in a pig model.the correction of severe spinal deformities by an isolated posterior approach often involves cord manipulation together with hypotensive anesthesia. to date, the efficiency of methods to increase the tolerance of the cord to displacement and the influence of hypotension on this tolerance is yet to be assessed.201424333455
pelvi-caliceal collecting system in swine--authors own anatomical classification.experiments on humans and their organs produce legal, moral and ethical dilemmas. nowadays, the use of domestic swine as an experimental animal is increasing steadily. thus it is important to know the structure and characteristics of swine organs.201423214296
characterization of swine leucocyte antigen alleles in a crossbred pig to be used in xenotransplant studies.we have characterized swine leucocyte antigen (sla) classes i and ii molecules of a domestic pig as a model for use in our xenotransplant program. molecular characterization of the sla classes i and ii genes is critical to understanding the adaptive immune responses between swine and humans in the event of xenotransplantation. seven swine leucocyte antigen genes (sla-1, sla-2, sla-3, dqb1, drb1, dqa and dra) were analyzed and 15 alleles were identified. a novel dra*w04re01 is reported for this l ...201425209617
location and pathogenic potential of blastocystis in the porcine intestine.blastocystis is an ubiquitous, enteric protozoan of humans and many other species. human infection has been associated with gastrointestinal disease such as irritable bowel syndrome, however, this remains unproven. a relevant animal model is needed to investigate the pathogenesis/pathogenicity of blastocystis. we concluded previously that pigs are likely natural hosts of blastocystis with a potentially zoonotic, host-adapted subtype (st), st5, and may make suitable animal models. in this study, ...201425093578
endoscopic band ligation for closure of gi perforations in a porcine animal model (with video).gi perforations occur rarely during endoscopy but have life-threatening implications.201425085337
patterns and risks of trichinella infection in humans and pigs in northern laos.several outbreaks of trichinellosis associated with the consumption of raw pork have occurred in laos since 2004. this cross-sectional study was conducted in four provinces of northern laos to investigate the seroepidemiology of trichinellosis in the human population and determine the prevalence and species of trichinella infection in the domestic pig population. serum samples and questionnaire data were obtained from 1419 individuals. serum samples were tested for trichinella antibodies by elis ...201425078088
illegitimate recombination between t cell receptor genes in humans and pigs (sus scrofa domestica).t cell receptor (tcr) genes (tra/trd, trb and trg) reside in three regions on human chromosomes (14q11.2, 7q34 and 7p14, respectively) and pig chromosomes (7q15.3-q21, 18q11.3-q12 and 9q21-22, respectively). during the maturation of t cells, tcr genes are rearranged by site-specific recombination. occasionally, interlocus recombination of different tcr genes takes place, resulting in chromosome rearrangements. it has been suggested that the absolute number of these "innocent" trans-rearrangement ...201425038896
minimally invasive convection-enhanced delivery of biologics into dorsal root ganglia: validation in the pig model and prospective modeling in humans. technical note.dorsal root ganglia (drg) are critical anatomical structures involved in nociception. intraganglionic (ig) drug delivery is therefore an important route of administration for novel analgesic therapies. although ig injection in large animal models is highly desirable for preclinical biodistribution and toxicology studies of new drugs, no method to deliver pharmaceutical agents into the drg has been reported in any large species. the present study describes a minimally invasive technique of ig age ...201424995785
newborn pig trachea cell line cultured in air-liquid interface conditions allows a partial in vitro representation of the porcine upper airway tissue.the domestic pig is an excellent animal model to study human microbial diseases due to its similarity to humans in terms of anatomy, physiology, and genetics. we assessed the suitability of an in vitro air-liquid interface (ali) culture system for newborn pig trachea (nptr) cells as a practical tool for analyzing the immune response of respiratory epithelial cells to aggressors. this cell line offers a wide microbial susceptibility spectrum to both viruses and bacteria. the purpose of our study ...201424885012
a comparison between rib fracture patterns in peri- and post-mortem compressive injury in a piglet model.forensic biomechanics is increasingly being used to explain how observed injuries occur. we studied infant rib fractures from a biomechanical and morphological perspective using a porcine model.201423867291
adenosine receptor expression in an experimental animal model of myocardial infarction with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.adenosine, a purine nucleoside and a "retaliatory metabolite" in ischemia, is ubiquitous in the body and increases 100-fold during ischemia. its biological actions are mediated by four adenosine receptors (ars): a(1), a(2a), a(2b) and a(3). the aim of this study was to determine possible myocardial alterations in ar expression in an experimental animal model of myocardial infarction (mi) with a preserved left ventricular (lv) ejection fraction. lv tissue was collected from sexually mature male f ...201423843027
non-radiological method for three-dimensional implant position evaluation using an intraoral scan method.this technical innovation presents a method that reproduces the position of a dental implant after insertion without the reuse of x-ray radiation.201423799977
highly porous hydroxyapatite with and without local harvested bone in sinus floor augmentation: a histometric study in pigs.sinus floor augmentation with autologous bone is an accepted treatment option in dental implantology. in this study, an entirely synthetic, nano-structured, hydroxyapatite-based bone substitute material (sbsm, nanobone(®); artoss, rostock, germany) was supplemented with a mixture of locally harvested bone to enhance osteogenesis.201423566297
protective effects of ranolazine and propranolol, alone or combined, on the structural and functional alterations of cardiomyocyte mitochondria in a pig model of ischemia/reperfusion.preventing the consequences of ischemia/reperfusion (i/r)-induced lesions in the clinic requires the administration of pharmacological agents prior to restoring coronary vascularization. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ranolazine and propranolol when administered either alone or combined prior to i/r induction in a pig model. thirty domestic pigs were randomly assigned to five groups of six animals including (i) sham animals; (ii) untreated animals with 45-min ischemia and 1 ...201423607936
activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by lps in a porcine model.indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) is a rate-limiting enzyme for the degradation of tryptophan (trp) along the kynurenine (kyn) pathway, and its increased activation is associated with immunologic disorders. because the specific role of ido activation is not yet completely clear, the aim of the present study was to establish a pig model of ido activation for further research. the activation of ido in pigs was induced experimentally by lps stimulation in vivo and ex vivo. ido activation was charac ...201423606516
a new approach for rapidly assessing the risk of aujeszky's disease reintroduction into a disease-free spanish territory by analysing the movement of live pigs and potential contacts with wild boar.aujeszky's disease (ad) causes significant economic losses in the spanish pig sector due to import trade restrictions imposed by disease-free countries. most regions of spain have achieved 'low ad prevalence' status as a result of an intensive national ad eradication programme involving vaccination and other measures. however, to achieve ad-free status that would eliminate trade restrictions, vaccination must be stopped. for this final stage of eradication, up to date and reliable estimates of t ...201423279743
experimental evaluation of pharmacokinetic profile and biological effect of a novel paclitaxel microcrystalline balloon coating in the iliofemoral territory of swine.new paclitaxel coated balloons (pcb) developments have been proposed to maintain therapeutic levels of drug in the tissue while decreasing particle release. in this series of studies, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile and biological effects after paclitaxel delivery via novel microcrystalline pcb coating (mcpcb, pax®, balton) in porcine iliofemoral arteries.201423703720
a lumen sizing workhorse guidewire for peripheral vasculature: two functions in one device.ideally, guidewires used during peripheral vasculature (pv) interventions could serve both as a therapy delivery platform and a diagnostic tool for real-time vessel sizing (2-in-1 function).201423592431
tissue distribution of clonidine following intraforaminal implantation of biodegradable pellets: potential alternative to epidural steroid for radiculopathy.epidural steroid injections have shown efficacy in short-term pain relief, but often require repeated injections in order to provide continued pain relief. it has been suggested that a continuous, locally administered dose of an anti-inflammatory compound may provide sustained pain relief at doses lower than those needed with injections.201422996864
microvascular perfusion as a target for fluid resuscitation in experimental circulatory shock.to study regional perfusion during experimental endotoxemic and obstructive shock and compare the effect of initial cardiac output-targeted fluid resuscitation with optimal cardiac output-targeted resuscitation on different peripheral tissues.201424158169
mechanical ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, bilevel ventilation, or chest compression synchronized ventilation in a pig model.mechanical ventilation with an automated ventilator is recommended during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a secured airway. we investigated the influence of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, bilevel ventilation, and the novel ventilator mode chest compression synchronized ventilation, a pressure-controlled ventilation triggered by each chest compression, on gas exchange, hemodynamics, and return of spontaneous circulation in a pig model.201424158168
prolonged therapeutic hypothermia is more effective in attenuating brain apoptosis in a swine cardiac arrest model.to investigate whether 48 hours of therapeutic hypothermia is more effective to attenuate brain apoptosis than 24 hours and to determine whether the antiapoptotic effects of therapeutic hypothermia are associated with the suppressions of the cleavage of protein kinase c-δ, the cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and the cleavage of caspase 3 in a swine cardiac arrest model.201424145844
extrinsic primary afferent neurons projecting to the pylorus in the domestic pig--localization and neurochemical characteristics.the pig, as an omnivorous animal, seems to be especially valuable species in "gastrointestinal" experiments. the importance of the pylorus in the proper functioning of the digestive tract is widely accepted. although it is commonly known that sensory innervation plays an important role in the regulation of gastric activity and gastrointestinal tissue resistance, there is complete lack of data on the extrinsic afferents projecting to the swine pylorus. the present experiment has been designed to ...201424052481
expression and genomic imprinting of the porcine rasgrf1 gene.imprinted genes play important roles in mammalian growth, development and behavior. the rasgrf1 (ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) gene has been identified as an imprinted gene in mouse and rat. in the present study, we detected its sequence, imprinting status and expression pattern in the domestic pigs. a 228 bp partial sequence located in exon 14 and a 193 bp partial sequence located in exon 1 of the rasgrf1 gene in domestic pigs were obtained. a g/a transition, was id ...201424342659
bacterial populations associated with early-stage adipocere formation in lacustrine waters.the preservation of soft tissue is a valuable evidence for forensic investigation as it may provide information about the cause and manner of death as well as the time since death. adipocere forms from the conversion of triglycerides in the neutral fats into stable fatty acids producing a solid white product which aids tissue preservation. adipocere will typically form in water-logged grave sites and aquatic environments. documentation on the chemical and microbiological changes that cause adipo ...201423989223
confirmation of intraosseous cannula placement based on pressure measured at the cannula during squeezing the extremity in a piglet model.we sought to assess the reliability of the method using the pressure measured at the intraosseous (io) cannula while squeezing the involved limb (p(squeezing)) in determining the position of the io needle and to compare its performance with that of the traditional confirmation method.201424036195
case report: pig attack with successful postexposure prophylaxis management.the domesticated pig or boar is ubiquitous to agriculture around the world and is an important food product in most countries. the males that are able to grow tusks that can approach 5 in are the primary contributor to morbidity and mortality from boar attacks. literature surrounding domesticated boar attacks is sparse. there are no published cases of domesticated boar attacks that describe successful bacterial postexposure prophylaxis. we present a case report of an attack on an adult female by ...201424332899
therapeutic safety of high myocardial expression levels of the molecular inotrope s100a1 in a preclinical heart failure model.low levels of the molecular inotrope s100a1 are sufficient to rescue post-ischemic heart failure (hf). as a prerequisite to clinical application and to determine the safety of myocardial s100a1 dna-based therapy, we investigated the effects of high myocardial s100a1 expression levels on the cardiac contractile function and occurrence of arrhythmia in a preclinical large animal hf model. at 2 weeks after myocardial infarction domestic pigs presented significant left ventricular (lv) contractile d ...201424305416
juvenile domestic pigs (sus scrofa domestica) use human-given cues in an object choice task.research on the comprehension of human-given cues by domesticated as well as non-domesticated species has received considerable attention over the last decade. while several species seem to be capable of utilizing these cues, former work with domestic pigs (sus scrofa domestica) has shown inconclusive results. in this study, we investigated the use of human-given cues in an object choice task by young domestic pigs (n = 17; 7 weeks of age) who had very limited human contact prior to the experime ...201424197275
molecular detection and genetic analysis of porcine bocavirus in korean domestic swine herds.several porcine bocaviruses have been detected worldwide, and this report is the first to describe this virus in a korean domestic swine herd. we identified porcine bocavirus in various samples, including serum, tissue, feces and saliva, which revealed that porcine bocavirus predominates in korean domestic swine populations. the results of this study also suggested that porcine bocaviruses primarily infect weaned piglets. phylogenetic analysis of the orf3 gene was performed to determine the gene ...201424352435
cardiac expression and atrial fibrillation-associated remodeling of k₂p2.1 (trek-1) k⁺ channels in a porcine model.effective management of atrial fibrillation (af) often remains an unmet need. cardiac two-pore-domain k(+) (k2p) channels are implicated in action potential regulation, and their inhibition has been proposed as a novel antiarrhythmic strategy. k2p2.1 (trek-1) channels are expressed in the human heart. this study was designed to identify and functionally express porcine k2p2.1 channels. in addition, we sought to analyze cardiac expression and af-associated k2p2.1 remodeling in a clinically releva ...201424345461
retrograde flush is more protective than heparin in the uncontrolled donation after circulatory death lung donor.formation of microthrombi after circulatory arrest is a concern for the development of reperfusion injury in lung recipients from donation after circulatory death (dcd) donors. in this isolated lung reperfusion study, we compared the effect of postmortem heparinization with preharvest retrograde pulmonary flush or both.201424378013
safety and efficacy of different paclitaxel-eluting balloons in a porcine model.paclitaxel-eluting balloons have shown high antiproliferative efficacy in the treatment and prevention of restenosis. nevertheless, not all available devices are equally effective, which makes it interesting to compare results in a preclinical model. our objective was to assess the preclinical efficacy and safety of different devices.201424863594
assessment of fetal cell chimerism in transgenic pig lines generated by sleeping beauty transposition.human cells migrate between mother and fetus during pregnancy and persist in the respective host for long-term after birth. fetal microchimerism occurs also in twins sharing a common placenta or chorion. whether microchimerism occurs in multiparous mammals such as the domestic pig, where fetuses have separate placentas and chorions, is not well understood. here, we assessed cell chimerism in litters of wild-type sows inseminated with semen of transposon transgenic boars. segregation of three ind ...201424811124
the origin of bacteria responsible for bioerosion to the internal bone microstructure: results from experimentally-deposited pig carcasses.it is unclear whether the principal forms of bioerosion that are often found within the internal microstructure of human bone are produced by intrinsic gut microbiota or exogenous bacteria from the soil. the aim of this study was to attempt to resolve this issue through the histological analysis of bone sampled from experimentally-deposited domestic pig (sus scrofa) carcasses. confirmation of either scenario will dictate how patterns of bone bioerosion can be used in reconstructions of taphonomi ...201424763128
evaluation of genetic introgression from domesticated pigs into the ryukyu wild boar population on iriomote island in japan.we evaluated genetic introgression from domesticated pigs into the ryukyu wild boar (rwb) population on iriomote island based on their genetic structure and diversity. we used a combination of mitochondrial dna d-loop region (596 bp) polymorphisms and 23 microsatellite markers. rwbs (n = 130) were collected from 18 locations on iriomote island and compared with 66 reference samples of european and asian domestic pigs. we identified six distinct haplotypes, involving 22 single nucleotide polymorp ...201424754898
valsartan regulates myocardial autophagy and mitochondrial turnover in experimental hypertension.renovascular hypertension alters cardiac structure and function. autophagy is activated during left ventricular hypertrophy and linked to adverse cardiac function. the angiotensin ii receptor blocker, valsartan, lowers blood pressure and is cardioprotective, but whether it modulates autophagy in the myocardium is unclear. we hypothesized that valsartan would alleviate autophagy and improve left ventricular myocardial mitochondrial turnover in swine renovascular hypertension. domestic pigs were r ...201424752430
experimental ex vivo traumatic intrusion in the mandibular incisors of the farm pig, sus scrofa.traumatic intrusion of incisor teeth occurs frequently in young children, as well as in teens and adults; however, the biological mechanisms promoting negative sequelae or recovery are not well understood (oral surg oral med oral pathol oral radiol endod 2009;107:493 and vital health stat 11 2007;248:1). modeling intrusive trauma and post-traumatic healing in an animal model offers the opportunity to define these biological mechanisms and to inform the design of treatments. the objective of this ...201424751110
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