Publications

ecological and morphological differentiation among cryptic evolutionary lineages in freshwater limpets of the nominal form-group ancylus fluviatilis (o.f. müller, 1774).	the phylogeny and potential mode of speciation of the river limpet ancylus fluviatilis (basommatophora) was examined using mitochondrial dna sequences from 16s ribosomal rna, cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) and nuclear dna from internal transcribed spacer (its-1) regions from 103 populations across europe. four highly divergent lineages were observed within ancylus. clade 1, representing the nominal taxon ancylus fluviatilis (o.f. müller, 1774), is mainly found in central and northern europ ...	2003	12969476
asthma induced by canary food mix.	a 42-year-old woman reported immediate rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and contact urticaria while handling bird food. skin-prick tests were positive to lolium, cynodon, phragmites, cupressus sempervirens, cupressus arizonica, chenopodium, sunflower pollen and seed, mugwort, chamomile, chrysanthemum, taraxacum, canary seed, and black seed (guizotia abyssinica). the patient's serum-specific immunoglobulin (ige) to taraxacum, black seed, and canary seed was positive. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ...	2003	12974193
lead and cadmium levels in coastal benthic algae (seaweeds) of tenerife, canary islands.	lead and cadmium levels of some species of brown-algae (phaeophyta) from the mesolittoral (intertidal area) of the island of tenerife (central-eastern atlantic) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. the quality control was carried out using a standard "crm 279 ulva lactuca". the mean, minimum and maximum concentrations were 11.21, 2.090 and 81.795 microg/g/dw; and 1.13, 0.190 and 5.130 microg/g/dw for lead and cadmium, respectively. the fact that samples registering the highest cadm ...	2003	12504159
[the use of the capture- recapture method in evaluating the epidemiological meningococcal disease monitoring system in tenerife, spain (1999-2000)].	meningococcal disease is mainly monitored passively on the canary islands, the regular compulsory disease notification channels being used. the objective of this study includes describing the qualitative and quantitative aspects of this system and evaluating the exhaustiveness, by means of the capture-recapture system, of three information sources.	2003	14965062
a chemo attractant in onion root exudates recognized by ditylenchus dipsaci in laboratory bioassay.	abstract a quantitative bioassay that translates preferences of axenically cultured and field population of ditylenchus dipsaci, observed in vitro, into relative attractiveness of sterile root exudates preparations and their components is described. onion (allium cepa cv. white lisbon) root exudates (ore) are consistently and significantly much more attractive than the buffer control in all these assays. exudates from oat cv. lodi, mustard cv. albatross and tomato cv. rehovot 13 are significantl ...	2003	18944166
classification of commercial wines from the canary islands (spain) by chemometric techniques using metallic contents.	eleven elements, k, na, ca, mg, fe, cu, zn, mn, sr, li and rb, were determined in dry and sweet wines bearing the denominations of origin of el hierro, la palma and lanzarote islands (canary islands, spain). analyses were performed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, with the exceptions of lithium and rubidium for which flame atomic emission spectrophotometry was used. sweet wines from la palma were elaborated as naturally sweet with over-ripe grapes and significant differences were fo ...	2003	18968916
biosystematics of the myxomycete badhamia gracilis.	sixty-four isolates that conformed to the general morphological description of badhamia gracilis were isolated from several arid regions in the southwestern usa, northern mexico, puerto rico, and the canary islands. these isolates were then subjected to a biosystematic study in which reproductive systems, culture characteristics, and morphology were examined. five of the isolates were heterothallic and were divided into two separate biological species with multiple allelic mating systems: a1 con ...	2003	21156594
different fates of island brooms: contrasting evolution in adenocarpus, genista, and teline (genisteae, fabaceae) in the canary islands and madeira.	analysis of sequence data from the internal transcribed spacers (its) and 5.8s region of nuclear ribosomal dna show that canarian and madeiran brooms (genisteae) of the genera teline, adenocarpus, and genista are related to mediterranean species and not to species from adjacent parts of morocco. each separate colonization of the islands has resulted in contrasting patterns of adaptation and radiation. the genus teline is polyphyletic, with both groups (the "t. monspessulana group" and the "t. li ...	2002	21665686
chloroplast dna evidence for the roles of island colonization and extinction in tolpis (asteraceae: lactuceae).	tolpis consists of ôê+13 species native to africa, europe, and macaronesia, with at least one species endemic to each of the four major archipelagos of the azores, madeira islands, canary islands, and cape verde islands. all but two of these species develop woody stems by maturity. chloroplast dna restriction site variation was analyzed for all species of tolpis and four outgroups in order to understand the patterns of island colonization and evolution of woodiness in this genus. parsimony analy ...	2002	21665651
phylogeny of the macaronesian endemic crambe section dendrocrambe (brassicaceae) based on internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal dna.	the 14 species of crambe l. sect. dendrocrambe dc. (brassicaceae) form a monophyletic group endemic to the canary and madeira archipelagos. both parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of sequence data from the two internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal dna were used to estimate phylogenetic relationships within this section. these analyses support the monophyly of three major clades. no clade is restricted to a single island, and therefore it appears that inter-island coloni ...	2002	21665627
the influence of substrate on the functional response of an avian granivore and its implications for farmland bird conservation.	few studies to date have considered the effect of substrate on the functional response of an organism feeding on prey of varying visibility. intake rates of lone captive canaries, serinus canarius l., were measured at varying seed densities on patches of either earth or short grass (<1 cm). experiment 1, using pale seeds, found intake rates were significantly higher and search times significantly lower on earth than on grass. two measures of crypticity (contrast in light reflectance as measured ...	2002	28547267
[concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in human milk and infant formulas].	concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were determined in 55 samples of mature human milk from canary women and 5 samples of powdered infant formula. according to the literature our data fell within the normal intervals described for each kind of milk. the mean concentration of ca, mg, na y k of powdered infant formula was higher than those concentrations found in the human milks. significant differences among the concentrations of ca, mg and na for the milks of the considere ...	2002	12868283
directional female preference for an exaggerated male trait in canary (serinus canaria) song.	motor constraints on vocal production impose a trade-off between trill rate and frequency bandwidth within birdsong. we tested whether domesticated canary (serinus canaria) females, reared either in acoustic isolation or in aviary conditions, had a preference for broad bandwidth songs with artificially increased syllable rates. the copulation solicitation display (csd) was used as an index of female preference. as predicted, both naive and experienced females were especially responsive to syllab ...	2002	12573066
heliotherapy in atopic dermatitis: a prospective study on climatotherapy using the scorad index.	the aim of this study was to investigate the suitability and effectiveness of heliotherapy in moderate or severe atopic dermatitis in adults in the canary islands. a total of 216 patients participated on 6 different 2- or 3-week heliotherapy trips. using the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis index (scorad), the severity of atopic dermatitis was assessed prior to the start of heliotherapy, after 2 weeks and then 3 months after the end of heliotherapy. a quality-of-life questionnaire was later ...	2002	12575850
higher-order organization and compartmentalization of satellite dna pim357 in species of the coleopteran genus pimelia.	the pim357 satellite dna family is present in 26 pimelia taxa (tenebrionidae, coleoptera) with endemic congeneric species from the canary islands showing higher interrepeat variability than continental ones. in this paper, we compare the repetitive dna sequences of a canarian species that has distinct subfamilies of repeat units, p. radula ascendens, with another without such subfamilies, p. sparsa sparsa. the chromosomal localization of the repeat units and the comparison of the variability of ...	2002	12498348
differential characteristics in the chemical composition of bananas from tenerife (canary islands) and ecuador.	the contents of moisture, protein, ash, ascorbic acid, glucose, fructose, total sugars, and total and insoluble fiber were determined in cultivars of bananas (gran enana and pequeña enana) harvested in tenerife and in bananas (gran enana) from ecuador. the chemical compositions in the bananas from tenerife and from ecuador were clearly different. the cultivar did not influence the chemical composition, except for insoluble fiber content. variations of the chemical composition were observed in th ...	2002	12475275
pythium segnitium sp. nov., isolated from the canary islands--its taxonomy, its region of rdna, and comparison with related species.	pythium segnitium (ci-44) was isolated from some soil samples taken in the canary islands (spain). this new species is a slow-growing fungus and is perfectly adapted to terrestrial habitat. it belongs to the group of pythium that have smooth-walled oogonia, mostly hypogynous antheridia, and plerotic oospores. the fungus lacks sporangia, zoospores, and hyphal bodies are rarely formed. thus the asexual reproduction, which is so common for fungi and especially for the aquatic ones, is completely la ...	2002	12480105
occupational contact dermatitis from canary-grass seed.		2002	12492538
antidepressant effects of the methanol extract of several hypericum species from the canary islands.	the aim of the present study was to investigate several neuropharmacological effects of the methanol extract of the aerial parts in blossom of hypericum canariense, h. glandulosum, h. grandifolium and h. reflexum (hypericaceae). these extracts did not alter significantly the locomotor activity, body temperature or the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, with the exception of h. reflexum which significantly potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleeping time at both doses assayed (500 and 1000 mg/kg ...	2002	11744305
[african immigration in canary islands (spain) and tuberculous infection].		2002	11803009
the effect of dietary carotenoid access on sexual dichromatism and plumage pigment composition in the american goldfinch.	we investigated potential dietary and biochemical bases for carotenoid-based sexual dichromatism in american goldfinches (carduelis tristis). captive male and female finches were given access to the same type and amount of carotenoid pigments in the diet during their nuptial molt to assess differences in the degree to which the two sexes incorporated ingested pigments into their plumage. when birds were fed a uniform, plain-seed diet, or one that was supplemented with the red carotenoid canthaxa ...	2002	11818247
incidence, pathology and involvement of nasitrema species in odontocete strandings in the canary islands.		2002	11837592
effects of an industrial effluent on plant colonization and on the germination and post-germinative growth of seeds of terrestrial and aquatic plant species.	major oil sands industrial companies are located in the athabasca oil sands deposit in northeastern alberta, canada. during the process used to extract light crude oil (via hot water digestion and flotation), gypsum is usually added to produce consolidated tails (ct) and ct release water. the vast volumes of process-treated waters (effluent) are held within large dyked tailings ponds. toward testing viable options for reclamation, various hummock-wetlands systems have been constructed; in additi ...	2002	11843534
the contribution of haploids, diploids and clones to fine-scale population structure in the seaweed cladophoropsis membranacea (chlorophyta).	local populations of cladophoropsis membranacea exist as mats of coalesced thalli composed of free-living haploid and diploid plants including clonally reproduced plants of either phase. none of the phases are morphologically distinguishable. we used eight microsatellite loci to explore clonality and fine-scale patch structure in c. membranacea at six sites on the canary islands. mats were always composites of many individuals; not single, large clones. haploids outnumbered diploids at all sites ...	2002	11918773
its region of pythium canariense sp. nov., its morphology and its interaction with botrytis cinerea.	a new species pythium canariense (ci-07), isolated from soil samples taken in the san nicolas region of the canary islands (gran canaria, spain), is being described here. this species is characterised by its spherical to pyriform, intercalary to catenulate sporangia, smooth-walled terminal oogonia supplied with monoclinous and diclinous antheridia which at times are branched and wrap around the female gametangia. the fungus has an antagonistic effect on botrytis cinerea, the grey mould fungus. m ...	2002	11934507
semivolatile organochlorine compounds in the free troposphere of the northeastern atlantic.	polychlorobiphenyls (pcbs), hexachlorobenzene (hcb), hexachlorocyclohexanes, and dots were analyzed over 1 entire year period in the air of a high altitude remote site (2367 m above sea level) located in teide (tenerife, canary islands, 28 degrees n16 degrees w) in the eastern north atlantic region. twenty samples were collected providing information on the concentrations of these semivolatile organochlorine compounds (socs) in the free troposphere since the stable and persistenttemperature inve ...	2002	11944664
[knowledge about psa among primary care physicians].	the use of prostate-specific antigen as a tumor marker has led to an important advancement in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. primary care physicians have started to request this test over the last 5 or 6 years. however, an inadequate use of this tumor marker has been observed. this study analyzes the primary care physicians' knowledge about psa.	2002	12014043
temperature and organic matter dependence of the distribution of organochlorine compounds in mountain soils from the subtropical atlantic (teide, tenerife island).	surface soil samples from teide mountain (canary islands) have been analyzed for polychlorobiphenyls (pcbs), ddts, hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs), hexachlorobenzene (hcb), and pentachlorobenzene. the samples were situated between 10 and 3400 m above sea level being distributed below, at, and above the permanent inversion layer system characteristic of the subtropical atlantic. all oc concentrations were, in general, low when compared with the data from urban, agricultural, or woodland soils repor ...	2002	12026965
epidemiologic genotyping of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis at a university hospital and comparison with antibiotyping and protein a and coagulase gene polymorphisms.	a total of 124 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolates were ascertained at the university hospital of the canary islands between january 1997 and april 2000. genotyping included pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) (smai digestion) and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis for the coagulase (coa) and protein a (spa) genes. antibiotic resistance was the main phenotypic marker correlated with genotyping results. three main pfge types were detected: ...	2002	12037075
evidence of state-dependent interhemispheric relationships in lizard eeg during the awake state.	the electroencephalogram (eeg) from both hemispheres of eight canary lizards gallotia galloti was registered at 25 degrees c and 35 degrees c during awake state with open eyes (oe) and closed eyes. the possible interdependence between the recorded eegs was assessed by means of newly developed methods of multivariate nonlinear time-series analysis. the interdependence turned out to be significant and greater for the oe state at both temperatures, although it was of linear type in most of the case ...	2002	12046700
mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a canary (serinus canana l.) and a blue-fronted amazon parrot (amazona amazona aestiva).	i report two cases of mycobacteriosis in pet birds due to mycobacterium tuberculosis and discuss the zoonotic implications. the canary with a tuberculous knot in the lung is the first description of m. tuberculosis in a nonpsittacine bird species.	2002	12061666
antimicrobial studies on three species of hypericum from the canary islands.	the antimicrobial activity of several extracts and fractions of the aerial parts of hypericum canariense, hypericum glandulosum and hypericum grandifolium was investigated using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods against twelve reference microorganisms (eight bacterial and four fungal strains). the methanol extract and chloroform fraction of h. canariense, as well as the methanol extracts, butanol and chloroform fractions of both h. glandulosum and h. grandifolium exhibited a goo ...	2002	12065165
relationships and evolution of the north african geckos, geckonia and tarentola (reptilia: gekkonidae), based on mitochondrial and nuclear dna sequences.	mitochondrial (cytochrome b and 12s rrna) and nuclear (c-mos) genes, analyzed by a variety of methods, indicate that the distinctive northwest african gecko geckonia chazaliae is a member of the tarentola clade, being most closely related to the species of the western canary and cape verde islands. relationships in tarentola as a whole are as follows: (t. americana ((t. mauritanica, t. angustimentalis) ((t. deserti, t. boehmei) ((t. b. boettgeri-south (t. b. boettgeri-north (t. b. bischoffi, t. ...	2002	12069554
[plasma homocysteine levels in spanish patients with coronary artery disease].	a rise in plasma levels of the amino acid homocysteine (hcy) is a possible risk factor in cardiovascular disease. the mechanisms proposed to explain how hcy can increase the risk of vascular disease include its direct effect on the vascular endothelium and its role in increasing the risk of thrombosis. the present work has been designed to determine hcy levels in patients with coronary artery disease (cad) residents in the canary islands and to establish whether hyperhomocysteinemia can be consi ...	2002	12090055
origin of macaronesian sideritis l. (lamioideae: lamiaceae) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast sequence datasets.	sideritis l. (lamiaceae) comprises approximately 150 species of annuals and perennials distributed chiefly in the mediterranean region. the majority of the species belong to the continental subgenus sideritis which is divided into two perennial (sideritis and empedoclea) and two annual (hesiodia and burgsdorfia) sections. twenty-three species are woody perennials endemic to the macaronesian archipelagos of madeira and the canary islands. in an effort to determine the continental origin of the in ...	2002	12099789
noradrenergic control of auditory information processing in female canaries.	an ethological procedure, based on the study of the sexual responsiveness of female canaries (serinus canaria) to song playbacks was used to investigate the function of central noradrenergic inputs in the processing of auditory information. the effects of a noradrenergic denervation on sexual responses was analyzed in females exposed to playbacks of biological relevant auditory stimuli, i.e. sexually stimulating songs, presented alone or masked by auditory distractors. a decrease in behavioral r ...	2002	12110456
recovery of song preferences after excitotoxic hvc lesion in female canaries.	the courtship solicitation display (csd) of the female canary is a model to study estrogen dependent auditory preferences for male songs. the forebrain auditory-vocal nucleus, hvc, is part of the circuit that determines such preferences. to further develop this model we show that bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the medial part of hvc involving between 18-60% of the bilateral nucleus are behaviorally effective while complete unilateral lesions are not. further, we show that animals recover their ...	2002	12115889
evolutionary dynamics of satellite dna family pim357 in species of the genus pimelia (tenebrionidae, coleoptera).	a large number of repeats of a satellite dna (stdna) family have been cloned and sequenced from species and populations of the genus pimelia (tenebrionidae, coleoptera). the beetles were collected in the canary islands, morocco, the iberian peninsula, and the balearic islands in order to analyze the evolutionary forces and processes acting on abundant stdnas conserved at the genus level. this repetitive family is composed of an abundant a-t-rich stdna, with basic units of 357 bp. all the sequenc ...	2002	12140245
improved quality of life among patients with psoriasis after supervised climate therapy at the canary islands.	a total of 559 norwegian patients with psoriasis completed the dermatology life quality index questionnaire and a dermatologist assessed psoriasis severity before and after climate therapy. there was no control group. a clinically important improvement in quality of life after climate therapy is demonstrated. improvement in disease severity is significantly related to improvement in quality of life.	2002	12140483
elenoside, a new cytotoxic drug, with cardiac and extracardiac activity.	this paper deals with the effects of elenoside, (3-hidroxymethyl-1-methoxy-5,6-methylene-dioxy-4-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-naftoic acid lactone-beta-d-glucoside) an arylnaphthalene lignan with broad spectrum cytotoxicity in a human tumor cell line panel, isolated from justicia hyssopifolia (acanthaceae) grown in the canary islands (spain), on isolated cardiac auricle of rabbits, urinary excretion of rats, and on isolated rat ileum. these effects, using a vehicle (propylene glycol-ethanol-plan ...	2002	12186400
serum copper and zinc concentrations in a representative sample of the canarian population.	serum copper (cu) and zinc (zn) concentrations of 395 individuals (187 males + 208 females) living in canary islands were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. the mean copper and zinc concentrations were 1.10 +/- 0.25 mg/l and 1.16 +/- 0.52 mg/l respectively. our data were similar to other data published in other spanish regions. individuals from lanzarote presented a mean cu and zn concentrations higher (p < 0.05) than individuals from the rest of islands; individuals from el hie ...	2002	12195729
low prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in clinical samples from hospitalized patients of the canary islands, spain.	over the last decade vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) have emerged as nosocomial pathogens. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vre in clinical samples from hospitalized patients in the canary islands. from april to november 2000, 437 enterococci were isolated from patients hospitalized at the four main health care centers in those islands. identification to the species level was performed with the gps-ta (vitek 1) or the wider i system. a pcr assay was used to determi ...	2002	12207212
silica urolithiasis in the dromedary camel in a subtropical climate.	in 1998, two cases of silica urolithiasis occurred in castrated male dromedaries on an intensive camel farm in the canary islands. the immediate attributable cause was the ingestion of large amounts of silica in the feed, estimated as 84.44 g/day. an associated cause was the low level of salt in the diet. daily ingestion of salt from feed and water was estimated to be 21.8 g (8.6 g of sodium). seventy-six castrated males from the same farm were divided into four groups: group a received 30 g of ...	2002	12241096
[epidemiology of hip fractures in the elderly in spain].	ninety percent of hip fractures (hf) occur in people older than 64 years. we describe the epidemiological data (age, sex, date of admission and discharge and mortality) of elderly with hip fracture in the different regions of spain.	2002	12244785
[the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms in coronary heart disease].	previous studies angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism ace (i/d), angiotensinogen gene polymorphism, and angiotensin ii at1 receptor polymorphism in relation to coronary heart disease controversial results. this study was designed to analyze the association between these gene polymorphisms and the first coronary event in individuals residing on grand canary island, spain.	2002	11852019
[the social and economic cost of diabetes mellitus].	to evaluate the economic impact in terms of the direct costs (health care costs) and the indirect costs (effects on production caused by mortality and morbidity) of diabetes mellitus (dm) in the canary islands (spain) during 1998.	2002	11879600
analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the volatile components of ageratina adenophora spreng., growing in the canary islands.	the essential oil of ageratina adenophora spreng., growing in the canary islands was analyzed by gc-ms. a total of 78 volatile compounds was identified and p-cymene (11.6%) was the major component in the oil. the sesquiterpene fraction (44.3%) was higher than the monoterpene one (32.1%).	2002	11883666
effect of caffeic acid on the color of red wine.	the copigmentation effect of prefermentation additions of different doses of caffeic acid was investigated during the 1997 harvest. microfermentation with the major red grape cultivars listán negro and negramoll, grown in the canary islands, was carried out with the same protocol. visible and uv spectra were registered periodically. hplc chromatograms were carried out. the color enhancement of cv. negramoll wine varied between 13 and 75% (au at 520 nm), and that of cv. listán negro wine between ...	2002	11902957
phylogenetic relationships among the canary island steganacaridae (acari, oribatida) inferred from mitochondrial dna sequence data.	the mite genus steganacarus is represented in the canary islands by three endemic species, one recently discovered species, and several morphotypes of uncertain taxonomic position. we used a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among representatives of the different taxa from the three central islands of the archipelago, tenerife, la gomera and gran canaria. sequence data were analysed by both maximum parsimony and maximum likeliho ...	2002	11903906
prostate enlargement: the canary in the coal mine?		2002	11916745
gonads and singing play separate, additive roles in new neuron recruitment in adult canary brain.	new neurons are constantly added to the high vocal center (hvc) of adult male canaries, serinus canaria. singing and testosterone (t) are known to promote this addition, but it is not known whether either variable can act on its own and what is their effect when acting together. we studied this question by castrating adult male canaries in late summer and quantifying their song in early fall. intact birds served as controls. a 5 d systemic treatment of two daily injections of the cell birth mark ...	2002	12351743
the canary in the mine.	many americans are concerned about their access to health care in the future, especially their ability to pay for needed services. however, a person with a disabling condition requiring ongoing clinical vigilance, supportive care, and other assistive services or technologies faces special difficulties: that person is the "canary in the mine," warning others about fundamental problems within our health care system. persons with disabilities who have health insurance are often unable to get items ...	2002	12370891
epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the canary islands (spain): a study on the island of la palma.	to determine the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (ms) on the island of la palma, canary islands, spain.	2002	12382152
[concentrations of na, k, ca, and p in serum from a representative sample of the canary islands population].	as part of the nutritional survey of the canary islands (enca-1998), the concentrations in serum of na, k, ca and p were determined in 395 individuals representing the population of the canary islands. the concentrations were found to be within the reference intervals described for the healthy population. differences were observed in the mean concentrations depending on the island of residence. thus, individuals on the island of tenerife showed higher levels of natremia and calcaemia (p < 0.05) ...	2002	12395610
[guillain-barré syndrome in the northern area of gran canaria and the island of lanzarote].	the objective of this study is to analyse the incidence and clinical characteristics of guillain barre syndrome (gbs) in the canary islands.	2002	12402219
[ten contributions to the use of qualitative methodology in an audit of internal communication in primary care].	qualitative methodology, originally belonging to the social sciences domain, has progressively incorporated to health research to the scepticism of many and the admiration of others. nowadays, validity and fiability of these qualitative techniques is still questioned by a great amount of health researchers and their use provokes doubt among reviewers and other members of the scientific community. this article presents as a fundamental measure for the validity of the qualitative methodology its p ...	2002	12422423
sputum eosinophilia and maximal airway narrowing in dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergic rhinitis patients: only rhinitis or rhinitis plus mild asthma?	to study the existence of bronchial disease among rhinitis patients. to evaluate the laboratory test or set of tests (ie, symptoms, exposure, and sensitization to the allergen, and the provocative dose of methacholine [mth] causing a 20% fall in fev(1) [pd(20)] and the maximal response plateau [mrp] to mth) that best identifies a case of mild asthma.	2002	12426253
variations in antidepressant prescribing practice: clinical need or market influences?	to assess the antidepressant prescribing patterns of community psychiatrists, and the prescriptions issued by general practitioners and private physicians during 1999 in order to analyse and discuss the intensity and sources of variations between doctors.	2002	12426937
metallic content of wines from the canary islands (spain). application of artificial neural networks to the data analysis.	eleven elements, k, na, ca, mg, fe, cu, zn, mn, sr, li and rb, were determined in dry and sweet wines bearing the denominations of origin of el hierro, la palma and lanzarote islands (canary islands, spain). analyses were performed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, with the exceptions of li and rb for which flame atomic emission spectrophotometry was used. the content in copper and iron did not present risks of cases. all samples presented a copper and zinc content below the maximum ...	2002	12428457
sex and season influence the proportion of thin spike cells in the canary hvc.	in songbirds, anatomical attributes of song nuclei exhibit sexual and seasonal differences. to extend these data to physiological correlates, neurons ( n= 374) were recorded in the hvc of male and female canaries during and outside the breeding period. surprisingly, a particular type of action potential waveforms was observed more frequently in breeding than in non-breeding birds and in males than in females. these neurons showed both a shorter action potential duration (< 0.4 ms) and a higher f ...	2002	12438915
allozyme diversity in natural populations of viola palmensis webb & berth. (violaceae) from la palma (canary islands): implications for conservation genetics.	genetic diversity was measured by allozyme electrophoresis in eight natural populations of the threatened canarian endemic viola palmensis webb & berth. (violaceae). nineteen alleles corresponding to 11 gene loci were detected. high levels of genetic diversity were found, ranging from 36.3 to 45.4 % for the percentage of polymorphic loci (p), from 1.45 to 1.60 for the average number of alleles per locus (a) and from 0.128 to 0.200 for the expected heterozygosity (h(e)). between 85.5 and 96.6 % o ...	2002	12451028
evaluation of the central properties of several hypericum species from the canary islands.	the infusions of the aerial parts in blossom of hypericum canariense, h. glandulosum, h. reflexum and h. grandifolium (hypericaceae) were evaluated for their pharmacological activity on the central nervous system in mice using various behavioural models including locomotor and muscle relaxant activity, effect on normal body temperature, pentobarbital-induced sleep, oxotremorine and tetrabenazine-induced syndrome, apomorphine-induced hypothermia and 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced head twitches, as w ...	2002	12458477
vitamins in spanish food patterns: the eve study.	to describe vitamin intakes in spanish food patterns, identify groups at risk for inadequacy and determine conditioning factors that may influence this situation.	2001	11918471
myxoid adrenal cortical adenoma.	myxoid adrenal cortical adenoma is a rare tumor and, to our knowledge, only 16 cases have been reported. we present the case of a 56-year-old japanese man who was admitted to hospital because of a right adrenal mass that was discovered during a routine physical examination. the resected mass was well circumscribed and contained canary yellow multinodular regions that were surrounded by a brown gelatinous region. histologically, the multinodular regions resembled a conventional adrenal cortical a ...	2001	11844057
immunotherapy units: a follow-up study.	immunotherapy units are becoming an increasingly important component of allergy and clinical immunology departments in spain. the objective of this study was to establish the rate of adverse reactions registered in an immunotherapy unit in tenerife, canary islands, spain, from may 1998 to may 2000. a total of 5,108 immunotherapy doses were administered to 339 patients (123 males and 216 females): 254 patients (75%) received mite, 48 patients (14.1%) pollen, 7 patients (2%) cat, 2 patients (0.6%) ...	2001	11831448
screening of antimicrobial activities in red, green and brown macroalgae from gran canaria (canary islands, spain).	extracts from 44 species of seaweed from gran canaria (canary islands, spain) were screened for the production of antibacterial and antifungal compounds against a panel of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, yeasts and fungi. a total of 28 species displayed antibacterial activity, of which six also showed antifungal activity. asparagopsis taxiformis and cymopolia barbata were the species with the strongest activities against the broadest spectrum of target microorganisms. all ...	2001	11770818
raman spectroscopy of coloured resins used in antiquity: dragon's blood and related substances.	dragon's blood is a deep red resin which has been used for centuries by many cultures and much prized for it's rarity, depth of colour and alchemical associations. the original source of dragon's blood resin is believed to be dracaena cinnabari from socotra in africa, but since mediaeval times there have been several alternatives from different geographical locations from the canary islands to the east indies. here, the raman spectra of dragon's blood resins from dracaena draco liliacae trees gr ...	2001	11789884
canary islands-north african population affinities: measures of divergence based on dental morphology.	this investigation addresses two related questions about the origins and biological affinities of the canary islands' aboriginal inhabitants. first: with which north african populations do the pre-conquest inhabitants of the canary islands have their greatest affinities? second: does inter-island biological variability among the canary islanders, as has been suggested by other researchers (hooton 1925, schwidetzky 1963), imply that potentially different founding populations remained distinct dur ...	2001	11802567
parvalbumin-positive projection neurons characterise the vocal premotor pathway in male, but not female, zebra finches.	parvalbumin (pv) and calbindin (cb) immunoreactivities were assessed in nucleus robustus archistriatalis (ra) of male and female zebra finches, together with retrograde labelling of ra neurons. the results of double and triple labelling experiments suggested that, in males, moderately and faintly pv-positive neurons were projection neurons, but that all intensely pv-positive cells were not. the latter, which are presumably interneurons, were also intensely cb-positive, and may correspond to the ...	2001	11640910
clinical cross-reactivity between artemisia vulgaris and matricaria chamomilla (chamomile).	artemisia vulgaris is a common weed and an important source of allergens on the subtropical island of tenerife, canary islands, spain. it pollinates mainly from july to september, although, due to some local climatic conditions, it may flower throughout the year. cross-reactivity with hazelnut, kiwi, birch, several compositae (ambrosia, chrysanthemum, matricaria, solidago) and grass allergens has been suggested. few studies have addressed the issue of in vivo cross-reactivity between a. vulgaris ...	2001	11642570
simple motor gestures for birdsongs.	we present a model of sound production in a songbird's vocal organ and find that much of the complexity of the song of the canary (serinus canaria) can be produced from simple time variations in forcing functions. the starts, stops, and pauses between syllables, as well as variation in pitch and timbre are inherent in the mechanics and can often be expressed through smooth and simple variations in the frequency and relative phase of two driving parameters	2001	11690514
the diversification of the genus nesotes (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) in the canary islands: evidence from mtdna.		2001	11697925
differences in auditory and physiological properties of hvc neurons between reproductively active male and female canaries (serinus canaria).	based on neuronal recordings in the hvc, this study investigated differences between reproductively active male and sexually receptive female canaries. it is the first study to describe auditory responses and cell characteristics of hvc neurons in female songbirds and to compare them with the responses and characteristics obtained in males. extracellular single unit recordings showed that in males hvc cells exhibited two types of auditory responses to conspecific and heterospecific song playback ...	2001	11703466
[immigration in canary islands and its potential impact on tuberculosis].		2001	11707210
auricular exostoses among the prehistoric population of different islands of the canary archipelago.	it is generally believed that auricular exostoses are due to prolonged exposure to cold water, so their existence in ancient remains may inform us about economic activities in the past. this study was performed to analyze the prevalence of auricular exostoses among 150 pre-hispanic individuals of different islands of the canary archipelago. individuals from gran canaria (6/26), fuerteventura (1/15), and tenerife (2/64), but not from el hierro (0/45), showed auricular exostoses, thus supporting t ...	2001	11713923
virtual sonography through the internet: volume compression issues.	three-dimensional ultrasound images allow virtual sonography even at a distance. however, the size of final 3-d files limits their transmission through slow networks such as the internet.	2001	11720963
[socio-economic coasts of road traffic accidents in the canary islands, spain, in 1997].	objective: to evaluate the economic impact in terms of direct and indirect costs road traffic accidents in canarias islands (spain) in 1997.method: the cost-of-illness method was used. direct and indirect costs were estimated using prevalence cost, i.e., the costs produced in 1997. direct costs were divided into health services costs, insurance administration costs and the costs of material damage to the vehicles. indirect costs were obtained through transformation of physical units into monetar ...	2001	11734154
seasonal activation and inactivation of song motor memories in wild canaries is not reflected in neuroanatomical changes of forebrain song areas.	seasonal, testosterone-dependent changes in sexual behaviors are common in male vertebrates. in songbirds such seasonal changes occur in a learned behavior--singing. domesticated male canaries (serinus canaria) appear to lose song units (syllables) after the breeding season and learn new ones until the next breeding season. here we demonstrate in a longitudinal field study of individual, free-living nondomesticated (wild) canaries (s. canaria) a different mode of seasonal behavioral plasticity, ...	2001	11534977
genetic diversity of the macaronesian leafy liverwort porella canariensis inferred from rapd markers.	plant colonization of the north atlantic raises the intriguing question of the relationships between extant island species with their continental counterparts (european, african, and american), which may provide clues to past geographic distribution and colonization history. it has been suggested that during past glaciations, many plant species with typical mediterranean distributions survived in the atlantic islands that belong to what is today known as macronesia. we used random amplified poly ...	2001	11535647
testosterone regulates the activity and expression of aromatase in the canary neostriatum.	the estrogen synthesizing enzyme, p450 aromatase, plays a critical role in the regulation of vertebrate sexual behavior. songbirds differ from other avian species in the distribution and expression of aromatase in the telencephalon. the highest concentration of aromatase in the songbird brain is found in the caudomedial neostriatum (ncm). this area surrounds the only nucleus of the neural song system that contains estrogen receptors, the high vocal center (hvc). it has been suggested that estrog ...	2001	11536193
the peopling of the canary islands: a cd4/alu microsatellite haplotype perspective.	a new cd4 microsatellite allele with three ttttc complete repetitions, previously described only in hominoids, has been found in this screening. the number of haplotypes and heterozygosities in the canary islands (15 and 0.746+/-0.007) is more similar to iberian (14 and 0.748+/-0.015) than to north african (18 and 0.827+/-0.009) values. however, in some islands, with less european migratory impact, haplotypes with major african assignation (90[+] and 130[+]) reach frequencies similar to african ...	2001	11543897
using higher organisms in biological early warning systems for real-time toxicity detection.	many biological early warning systems (bews) have been developed in recent years that evaluate the physiological and behavioral responses of whole organisms to water quality. using a fish ventilatory monitoring system developed at the us army centre for environmental health research as an example, we illustrate the operation of a bews at a groundwater treatment facility. during a recent 12-month period, the fish ventilatory system was operational for 99% of the time that the treatment facility w ...	2001	11544040
hair cell death in a hearing-deficient canary.	cell death has been documented in bird auditory inner ear epithelia after induced damage. this cell death is quickly followed by an increase in supporting cell division and regeneration of the epithelium, thereby suggesting a possible relationship between these two processes. however, aspects of this relationship still need to be better understood. the belgian waterslager (bws) canary is an ideal system in which to study cell death and subsequent cell division. in contrast to mixed breed (mb) ca ...	2001	11545153
gas exchange characteristics of a canarian laurel forest tree species (laurus azorica) in relation to environmental conditions and leaf canopy position.	diurnal courses of gas exchange were measured over a 1-year period in fully expanded current-year leaves in the upper (sun-exposed, 18 m above ground) and the lower (shaded, 12 m above ground) canopy of laurus azorica (seub.) franco, a major canopy species of the canarian laurel forest in tenerife, canary islands, spain. laurus azorica exhibited high leaf plasticity in gas exchange characteristics, with a maximum carbon assimilation rate (amax) of shade leaves about 50% that of sun leaves. this ...	2001	11560817
enhancement of the immune response in rabbits to a malaria dna vaccine by immunization with a needle-free jet device.	we compared the needle free jet device device biojector with syringe/needle as a method to administer a dna vaccine encoding the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (pfcsp) in albino rabbits. a group of three rabbits was injected by the intramuscular (im) route using a syringe/needle combination, a second group im with the biojector device and a third group both im and intradermal (id) using the biojector. when animals were immunized with the biojector im or im/id as compared to the s ...	2001	11567774
reticuloendotheliosis virus integration in the fowl poxvirus genome: not a recent event.	integration of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) into the genome of fowl poxvirus (fpv) has been reported recently. with a view to determine whether this event had occurred in the past, we screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of rev provirus in the dnas of nine avian poxviruses, some of which had been lyophilized 50 yr ago. for rev, 5' long terminal repeat (ltr) and rev envelope sequences were amplified, whereas for fpv, the major envelope antigen gene and the region flan ...	2001	11569741
a growth cost of begging in captive canary chicks.	nestling birds solicit food from adults by using begging displays that appear paradoxically costly and wasteful. theoretical work suggests that the evolution of such exuberant offspring behavior reflects parent-offspring conflict over the supply of parental investment. originally, extravagant begging was seen as a means of psychological trickery by which offspring could wheedle additional resources from resistant parents. subsequently, costly begging came to be viewed as the hallmark of resolved ...	2001	11572988
gonadal steroid receptor mrna in catecholaminergic nuclei of the canary brainstem.	steroid actions in the song system may be modulated by ascending inputs from catecholaminergic (ca) brain nuclei; however, whether these nuclei contain steroid receptors is unknown. here, we compared the distribution of androgen receptor (ar) and estrogen receptor-alpha (er-alpha) mrna with that of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (th-ir) in the brainstems of male canaries. areas containing ar and er-alpha mrna overlapped with areas containing th-ir cell bodies in the locus ceruleus and the ...	2001	11578826
incidence and treatment of hydrometra in canary island goats.		2001	11583129
[preoperative testing routines for healthy, asymptomatic patients in the canary islands (spain)].	to analyze patterns of routine testing before elective/scheduled surgery in healthy/asymptomatic patients classified as asa i or ii according to the american society of anesthesiologists.	2001	11591278
nucleotide sequence analysis of a novel circovirus of canaries and its relationship to other members of the genus circovirus of the family circoviridae.	the circular, single-stranded dna genome of a novel circovirus of canaries, tentatively named canary circovirus (cacv), was cloned and sequenced. sequence analysis indicated that the genome was 1952 nucleotides (nt) in size and had the potential to encode three viral proteins, including the putative capsid and replication-associated (rep) proteins. the cacv genome shared greatest sequence similarity (58.3% nt identity) with the newly characterized columbid circovirus (cocv) and was more distantl ...	2001	11602793
the metabolic cost of birdsong production.	the metabolic cost of birdsong production has not been studied in detail but is of importance in our understanding of how selective pressures shape song behavior. we measured rates of oxygen consumption during song in three songbird species, zebra finches (taeniopygia guttata), waterslager canaries (serinus canaria) and european starlings (sturnus vulgaris). these species sing songs with different acoustic and temporal characteristics: short stereotyped song (zebra finch), long song with high te ...	2001	11606611
elispot assay for detection of peptide specific interferon-gamma secreting cells in rhesus macaques.	a reliable procedure to measure antigen specific t cell responses in rhesus macaques is required to determine the efficacy of vaccines and immunotherapies. the currently available t cell assays are poorly quantifiable or technically difficult to perform. classical 51cr-release cytotoxic t cell (ctl) assays are cumbersome and difficult to quantitate reproducibly. detection of specific t-cell using mhc-peptide tetrameric complexes is highly sensitive, but requires knowledge of mhc type and prior i ...	2001	11150536
origin and evolution of the endemic genera of gonosperminae (asteraceae: anthemideae) from the canary islands: evidence from nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear ribosomal dna.	the gonosperminae (asteraceae) are composed of three genera endemic to the canary islands (gonospermum: less., and lugoa: dc.) and southern africa (inulanthera: källersjö), and they are considered an example of a floristic link between these two regions. phylogenetic analyses of its sequences reveal that the canarian genera are not sister to inulanthera: and do not support the monophyly of the gonosperminae. these results, coupled with previous phylogenetic studies of other groups, suggest that ...	2001	11159136
brassinosteroid levels increase drastically prior to morphogenesis of tracheary elements.	as the first step toward understanding the involvement of endogenous brassinosteroids (brs) in cytodifferentiation, we analyzed biosynthetic activities of brs in zinnia (zinnia elegans l. cv canary bird) cells differentiating into tracheary elements. the results of feeding experiments suggested that both the early and late c6-oxidation pathways occur during tracheary element differentiation. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that five brs, castasterone, typhasterol, 6-deoxoc ...	2001	11161013
photosynthetic performance of the atlantic brown macroalgae, cystoseira abies-marina, dictyota dichotoma and sargassum vulgare, measured in gran canaria on site.	photosynthetic performance was determined in three common atlantic brown macroalgae, cystoseira abies-marina, dictyota dichotoma and sargassum vulgare, in gran canaria, canary islands, on site. the photosynthetic quantum yield was measured with both a portable pam instrument on site and a diving pam under water in the habitat. in parallel, solar radiation was measured continuously above and under water by means of two three-channel dosimeters, eldonet (real time computer, möhrendorf, germany), i ...	2001	11165628
il4-r1 (5q31-q33) and fcepsilonri-betaca (11q13) markers and atopy: a case/control study in a spanish population.	rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma are atopic diseases with a high prevalence in the canary islands (spain). given that the most prevalent allergen is the house-dust mite dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, early detection of genetically susceptible subjects would allow the application of preventive measures. the objective was to investigate the possible association of il4-r1 (chromosome 5q31-q33) and fcepsilonri-betaca (chromosome 11q13) markers with the atopic disease in our population.	2001	11167377
chemical fingerprinting applied to the evaluation of marine oil pollution in the coasts of canary islands (spain).	chemical fingerprinting approach to environmental assessment is illustrated in the evaluation of marine oil pollution in the coasts using two limpet species as bioindicator organisms, and based on profiles and concentrations of n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons in their tissues. accidental and chronic releases of hydrocarbons can contaminate the marine environment of the canary islands not only because of their geographical situation but also because of the very dense tanker traffic around. th ...	2001	11202721
klippel-feil syndrome in the prehispanic population of el hierro (canary islands).		2001	11203718
paleonutritional analysis of the pre-hispanic population from fuerteventura (canary islands).	in this study, from histological and chemical perspectives, we analyse the human remains belonging to the pre-hispanic inhabitants from fuerteventura (one of the canary islands) and compare the results with those obtained on a sample of pre-hispanic inhabitants from gran canaria (canary islands). we observe that trabecular bone mass was normal in the samples from fuerteventura except for an elderly woman; this result is in sharp contrast with the decreased bone mass observed in the population fr ...	2001	11213192