Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, and chlorine to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (unionidae). | the objective of the present study was to determine acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, or chlorine to larval (glochidia) and juvenile mussels using the recently published american society for testing and materials (astm) standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels. toxicity tests were conducted with glochidia (24- to 48-h exposures) and juveniles (96-h exposures) of up to 11 mussel species in reconstituted astm hard water using copper, ammonia, or chlorine as ... | 2007 | 17867873 |
| toxicity of cobalt-complexed cyanide to oncorhynchus mykiss, daphnia magna, and ceriodaphnia dubia. potentiation by ultraviolet radiation and attenuation by dissolved organic carbon and adaptive uv tolerance. | cobalt cyanide complexes often result when ore is treated with cyanide solutions to extract gold and other metals. these have recently been discovered in low but significant concentrations in effluents from gold leach operations. this study was conducted to determine the potential toxicity of cobalt-cyanide complexes to freshwater organisms and the extent to which ultraviolet radiation (uv) potentiates this toxicity. tests were also conducted to determine if humic acids or if adaptation to uv in ... | 2007 | 17722768 |
| a comparison of acute toxicity of biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and diesel on aquatic organisms. | the increased demand of alternative energy sources has created interest in biodiesel and biodiesel blends; biodiesel is promoted as a diesel substitute that is safer, produces less harmful combustion emissions, and biodegrades more easily. like diesel spills, biodiesel can have deleterious effects on the aquatic environments. the effect of neat biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and diesel on oncorhynchus mykiss and daphnia magna was evaluated using acute toxicity testing. static nonrenewal bioassays ... | 2007 | 17385594 |
| molecular and histological evaluation of tributyltin toxicity on spermatogenesis in a marine fish, the mummichog (fundulus heteroclitus). | there is still concern about the effects of organotin compounds (ots) on marine organisms, and especially on their reproductive systems. we investigated the toxicity of tributyltin oxide (tbto) on spermatogenesis in a marine fish, mummichog, fundulus heteroclitus. tbto exposure caused serious histological damage to the testis, including reduction in counts of spermatids and spermatozoa and malformation of somatic cells around the seminal duct. analysis of the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine i ... | 2007 | 17451821 |
| unidirectional na(+) and ca (2+) fluxes in two euryhaline teleost fishes, fundulus heteroclitus and oncorhynchus mykiss, acutely submitted to a progressive salinity increase. | na(+) and ca(2+) regulation were compared in two euryhaline species, killifish (normally estuarine-resident) and rainbow trout (normally freshwater-resident) during an incremental salinity increase. whole-body unidirectional fluxes of na(+) and ca(2+), whole body na(+) and ca(2+), and plasma concentrations (trout only), were measured over 1-h periods throughout a total 6-h protocol of increasing salinity meant to simulate a natural tidal flow. killifish exhibited significant increases in both na ... | 2007 | 17318607 |
| [mixed-function oxidase induction as a test for the biological monitoring of water: limitations and prospects]. | the induction in fish liver of some enzyme activities, and typically of microsomal mixed-function oxidases (mfo), provides the earliest biological warning signal of exposure to pollutants. our studies provided evidence that the basal levels of cytochrome p-450 and specific mfo activities, such as arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (ahh) and ethoxyresorufin deethylase (erod), were strongly influenced by the diet in freshwater fish (oncorhynchus mykiss). the response of fish liver to a known enzyme induc ... | 2006 | 1294203 |
| toxicity to daphnia magna, hyalella azteca, oncorhynchus kisutch, oncorhynchus mykiss, oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and rana catesbeiana of atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, and their formulated products. | 2006 | 16404660 | |
| conservation of an alpha 2 domain within the teleostean world, mhc class i from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | a full-length cdna clone (onmy-ua-c32) encoding a major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i heavy chain was isolated from a rainbow trout thymus cdna library. onmy-ua-c32 alpha i and iii extracellular domains were most similar to other salmonids (92 and 86% at the nucleotide and amino acid level) but interestingly the alpha ii domain is closer to that of the carp (74 and 73%) and zebrafish (75 and 70%). in addition, onmy-ua-c32 displays conservation of residues known to be essential for the ... | 2006 | 9040984 |
| development of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa: malacosporea) in bryozoan hosts (as examined by light microscopy) and quantitation of infective dose to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (pkd), a highly damaging disease of cultured salmonid fish. within this study, phylactolaemate bryozoans were collected from a river known to be endemic for pkd and subsequently cultured in the laboratory. sequential developmental stages of t. bryosalmonae were studied by light microscopy within the living bryozoan colonies, allowing the identification of stages attached to host peritoneum, ... | 2006 | 16154706 |
| the expression of immune-regulatory genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, during amoebic gill disease (agd). | amoebic gill disease (agd) is an ectoparasitic disease caused by infection with the protozoan neoparamoeba sp. and is characterised by epithelial hyperplasia that manifests as gill lesions. in order to examine the nature of the immune response to agd, the expression of a range of immune-regulatory genes was examined in naïve uninfected rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and naïve rainbow trout subjected to a laboratory-induced agd infection. the immune-regulatory genes examined were interleukin ... | 2006 | 16006146 |
| endothelin receptors in teleost fishes: cardiovascular effects and branchial distribution. | by observing gill blood flow using epi-illuminating microscopy, in parallel with cardiovascular recordings and immunohistochemistry, we have tried to identify the receptor mediating endothelin (et) type 1 (et1)-induced pillar cell contraction in the lamellae of the atlantic cod (gadus morhua). intra-arterial injection of the specific et(b) receptor agonist bq-3020 induced dose-dependent increases in ventral aortic blood pressure, gill vascular resistance, and pillar cell area (indicating contrac ... | 2006 | 16223845 |
| swimming performance and energy metabolism of rainbow trout, common carp and gibel carp respond differently to sublethal copper exposure. | we compared the effects of sublethal waterborne copper exposure on swimming performance and respiration rates in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, with those in less sensitive cyprinid species such as common carp, cyprinus carpio, and gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio. these cyprinids are considerably more resistant to cu intoxication, and differ from trout in swimming performance and respiratory behaviour. critical swimming speed (u(crit)), oxygen consumption, plasma ammonia and muscle am ... | 2006 | 16956679 |
| generation of a large scale repertoire of expressed sequence tags (ests) from normalised rainbow trout cdna libraries. | within the framework of a genomics project on livestock species (agenae), we initiated a high-throughput dna sequencing program of expressed sequence tags (ests) in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | 2006 | 16887034 |
| structural comparison of promoter and coding sequence of type i collagen alpha 1 chain gene duplicates between zebrafish and flounder/fugu lineages. | alpha 1 chain (colalpha1(i)) and alpha 2 chain (colalpha2(i)) are universal components of type i collagen in tetrapods, but rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and zebrafish (danio rerio) have a third: alpha 3 chain (colalpha3(i)). this study tests whether colalpha3(i) is a duplicate of colalpha1(i) by whole-genome duplication (wgd) that occurred early in the ray-fin fish lineage. we also examine how their promoter sequence was modified after wgd. we cloned colalpha1(i), colalpha2(i) and colalph ... | 2006 | 20483231 |
| different sensitivity of carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to the immunomodulatory effects of uvb irradiation. | in order to study the sensitivity of two fish species, carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), to the immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation, the fish were exposed to a single uvb dose of 50, 250, 500 or 1,000 mj cm(-2). these species represent different phylogenetic groups of fish, and they differ also in their behaviour inhabitating often dark and turbid (carp) or clear and transparent waters (salmonids). immune responses were studied on day 1 post-ir ... | 2006 | 16376572 |
| the in vitro effects of some pesticides on carbonic anhydrase activity of oncorhynchus mykiss and cyprinus carpio carpio fish. | systemic carbonic anhydrase (ca) inhibitors are among the most powerful agents to lower intraocular pressure. unfortunately, their use is frequently accompanied by undesired side effects. some are due to the relatively large amounts of drug that have to be systematically administered to inhibit the ca in the ciliary processes. the aim of the present work was to study in vitro effects of some pesticides on ca enzyme obtained from blood of fish, which play a key role in salt- and osmoregulation an ... | 2006 | 16298474 |
| comparative evaluation of the alkaline comet assay with the micronucleus test for genotoxicity monitoring using aquatic organisms. | a comparative analysis between the in vivo comet assay and the in vivo micronucleus test (mnt) was carried out in three aquatic organisms suitable for genotoxicity monitoring, carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and clam (spisula sachalinensis), using a direct-acting mutagen, n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), and an indirect mutagen, benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p). by optimizing the conditions for cell isolation, gill and liver (or digestive glands) were selected as t ... | 2006 | 16026836 |
| the interactive effects of hypoxia and nitric oxide on catecholamine secretion in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that exposure of rainbow trout to repetitive hypoxia would result in a decreased capacity of chromaffin cells to secrete catecholamines owing to increased production of nitric oxide (no), a potent inhibitor of catecholamine secretion. a partial sequence of trout neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos) was cloned and its mrna was found to be present in the posterior cardinal vein (pcv), the predominant site of chromaffin cells in trout. using hetero ... | 2006 | 17050836 |
| effect of ph on trout blood vessels and gill vascular resistance. | ph is recognized as a modulator of vascular smooth muscle (vsm) tone in mammalian vessels, but little is known about its effects on fish vsm. we investigated the effects of extracellular and intracellular ph (ph(o) and ph(i), respectively) on isolated vessels from steelhead and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, skamania and kamloops strains, respectively) and of ph(o) on perfused gills from rainbow trout. in otherwise unstimulated (resting) efferent branchial (eba) and coeliaco-mesenteric arte ... | 2006 | 16788041 |
| cytokine expression in leucocytes and gut cells of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, induced by probiotics. | understanding how the various host cells respond to probiotic bacteria in vitro may provide important insight into elaborate immune responses triggered by beneficial bacteria. the aim of this study was to investigate the detailed pattern of the mrna expression of cytokines (il-1beta, il-8, tnf-alpha and tgf-beta) in head kidney (hk) leucocytes and gut cells isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) after co-culturing with live probiotics. hk leucocytes and gut cells adjusted to 5 ... | 2006 | 17011045 |
| immune modulation by probiotic strains: quantification of phagocytosis of aeromonas salmonicida by leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using a radiolabelling assay. | a method is described for the rapid and sensitive assay of phagocytosis that utilizes radioactively labelled bacteria. with this method, we observed that phagocytosis of heat-inactivated aeromonas salmonicida by leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout fed with different viable probiotics (lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, lactobacillus sakei, and leuconostoc mesenteroides) was significantly higher (p<0.05) after 2 weeks of probiotic-feeding than the control group. however, only phagocytosi ... | 2006 | 17034857 |
| a complement receptor for opsonized immune complexes on erythrocytes from oncorhynchus mykiss but not ictalarus punctatus. | immune complexes activate the classical pathway of complement resulting in the covalent deposition of fragments of the third (c3b) and fourth (c4b) components of complement, thus opsonizing the complexes for uptake by cd35 found on human erythrocytes. the complexes are then transported to and cleared from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system. it has been shown that rainbow trout can remove immune complexes from the circulation in a complement-dependent manner similar to that found i ... | 2006 | 16271392 |
| effect of hot-smoked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) diets on the protein levels of liver tissue in rats. | free radicals may not only affect the denatured cell structure but also reduce protein levels. these mechanisms are critical and need to be clarified as a high priority. because of the limited information on this subject, in this respect, the effects on protein levels of liver tissue in rats fed hot-smoked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. | 2006 | 16272812 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of listeria monocytogenes isolated in two finnish fish farms. | the aim of this study was to find sources of listeria monocytogenes contamination in fish products from a fish farm. the occurrence of l. monocytogenes also was compared in two freshwater fish farms with different types of fishponds. samples collected from chilled rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the slaughterhouse environment did not contain l. monocytogenes, but listeria innocua was found in two samples from the slaughterhouses. ten isolates of l. monocytogenes were discovered in sedime ... | 2006 | 16786871 |
| effects of copper on cyp1a activity and epithelial barrier properties in the rainbow trout gill. | the effects of copper on beta-naphthoflavone (betanf)-induced ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity were studied in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) gill filaments (after in vivo exposure) and in gill cells cultured as both primary cultures and as polarised epithelia, i.e. with water in the apical compartment and culture medium in the basolateral compartment. in the in vivo study betanf and copper were added to the water, in primary cultures both chemicals were added to the culture med ... | 2006 | 16814405 |
| three-dimensional mitochondrial arrangement in ventricular myocytes: from chaos to order. | we have developed a novel method to quantitatively analyze mitochondrial positioning in three dimensions. using this method, we compared the relative positioning of mitochondria in adult rat and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricular myocytes. energetic data suggest that trout, in contrast to the rat, have two subpopulations of mitochondria in their cardiomyocytes. therefore, we speculated whether trout cardiomyocytes exhibit two types of mitochondrial patterns. stacks of confocal image ... | 2006 | 16822946 |
| pathological effects of arcobacter cryaerophilus infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). | arcobacter cryaerophilus was isolated from naturally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum), and its pathogenicity was tested by intramuscular injection into 40 healthy 1-year-old rainbow trout at 16 degrees c. the lethal dosage of 50% end point (ld50) for a. cryaerophilus was calculated 2.25 x 10(4) viable cells. experimental infection caused deaths with gross clinical abnormalities such as degenerated opercula and gills, liver damage, haemorrhagic kidney and serous fluid in swoll ... | 2006 | 16841757 |
| colonization of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), eggs by flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome. | 2006 | 16866929 | |
| in vivo correlates of infectious salmon anemia virus pathogenesis in fish. | the phenotypic correlates of pathogenicity for infectious salmon anemia virus (isav) in salmonid fishes have not been thoroughly studied to date. in this study, a comparison was made of 13 different strains of isav, isolated from different geographical regions between 1997 and 2004, for their infectivity in three fish species [atlantic salmon (salmo salar), coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)]. when the different virus isolates were used at an approximate i ... | 2006 | 16894204 |
| genomic structure and expression of uncoupling protein 2 genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | uncoupling protein 2 (ucp2) belongs to the superfamily of mitochondrial anion carriers that dissociate the respiratory chain from atp synthesis. it has been determined that ucp2 plays a role in several physiological processes such as energy expenditure, body weight control and fatty acid metabolism in several vertebrate species. we report the first characterization of ucp2s in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 2006 | 16899121 |
| gene deployment for tooth replacement in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): a developmental model for evolution of the osteichthyan dentition. | repeated tooth initiation occurs often in nonmammalian vertebrates (polyphyodontism), recurrently linked with tooth shedding and in a definite order of succession. regulation of this process has not been genetically defined and it is unclear if the mechanisms for constant generation of replacement teeth (secondary dentition) are similar to those used to generate the primary dentition. we have therefore examined the expression pattern of a sub-set of genes, implicated in tooth initiation in mouse ... | 2006 | 16925680 |
| comparison of basal level metabolic enzyme activities of freshly isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and rat. | biotransformation plays a key role in detoxification, bioactivation and bioaccumulation of xenobiotics in fish. biotransformation capabilities in fish, however, are not as thoroughly characterized as in mammals. in this study, basal level activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin o-dealkylase (erod), 7-methoxyresorufin o-dealkylase (mrod), 7-pentoxyresorufin o-dealkylase, chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylase, testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase, lauric acid 11-hydroxylase, and glutathione s-transferase in freshly isola ... | 2006 | 16935359 |
| rb-cs ratio as an indicator of fish diet in lakes of the patagonia, argentina. | the ratios of rb to cs contents were studied in five fish species from seven lakes located in the patagonia andean range, argentina in order to trace fish diet. the species studied were native velvet catfish (diplomistes viedmensis) and creole perch (percichthys trucha), and exotic brown trout (salmo trutta), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and brook trout (salvenilus fontinalis). rainbow trout specimens from two farms were also studied, as well as fish food items and native mussels (diplod ... | 2006 | 16943600 |
| treatment of microbiologically polluted aquaculture waters by a novel photochemical technique of potentially low environmental impact. | the applicability of a novel procedure for the disinfection of microbiologically polluted waters from fish-farming ponds, based on the combined action of visible light (including sunlight) and porphyrin-type photosensitising agents, has been investigated using (a) cell cultures of a gram-positive bacterium (meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus), a gram-negative bacterium (escherichia coli) and a fungal pathogen (saprolegnia spp.); (b) pilot aquaculture plants involving either spontaneously ... | 2006 | 16951752 |
| comparative in vitro metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by recombinant zebrafish cyp1a and liver microsomes from beta-naphthoflavone-treated rainbow trout. | the zebrafish (danio rerio) is a sensitive non-mammalian model used for studying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-induced chemical carcinogenesis. the susceptibility of zebrafish to pah-induced carcinogenesis may be related to the ability of the zebrafish p450s to bioactivate these procarcinogens. as a part of our overall effort to identify the various p450 enzymes that are involved in the activation and detoxification of pahs in zebrafish, therefore, we have examined the ability of recombi ... | 2006 | 16963132 |
| effects of pulp and paper mill discharges on caged rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): biomarker responses along a pollution gradient in the biobio river, chile. | caging experiments were conducted using hatchery-reared, immature, female rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in three previously defined areas of the biobio river (south central chile) representing a pollution gradient from the pulp and paper mill discharges area: a pre-impact area (upstream area, reference location), an impact area (area directly influenced), and a postimpact area (downstream area, less influenced). no significant changes were observed in the physiological index as represented ... | 2006 | 16986781 |
| first description of non-motile yersinia ruckeri serovar i strains causing disease in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), cultured in spain. | yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth (erm) disease, was isolated from epizootics that occurred in different spanish rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), farms in which vaccination against erm had been performed. in all episodes, the most pronounced clinical signs exhibited by affected fish were severe haemorrhages in the mouth, eyes and around the vent. the isolates were identified as y. ruckeri serovar i by 16s rrna sequencing together with serological tests. they lac ... | 2006 | 16768714 |
| intraperitoneal administration of beta-1,3/1,6-glucan to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), protects against loma salmonae. | 2006 | 16768719 | |
| scrapie infectivity is quickly cleared in tissues of orally-infected farmed fish. | scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) belongs to the group of animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse). bse epidemic in the uk and elsewhere in europe has been linked to the use of bovine meat and bone meals (mbm) in the feeding of cattle. there is concern that pigs, poultry and fish bred for human consumption and fed with infected mbm would eventually develop bse or carry residual infectivity without disease. although there has been no evidence of infection in these spe ... | 2006 | 16776828 |
| evaluation of an exposure assay to measure uptake of sediment pah by fish. | the ecological risks of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) in aquatic sediments will vary with both toxicity and bioavailability to aquatic biota. while there are standardized protocols to test the acute toxicity of sediment-borne compounds to aquatic invertebrates, there are none for assessing bioavailability to fish. we found that sediment-borne pah caused an exposure-dependent induction of cytochrome p450 (cyp1a) enzymes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings exposed in semi- ... | 2006 | 16779608 |
| two cathelicidin genes are present in both rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | further to the previous finding of the rainbow trout rtcath_1 gene, this paper describes three more cathelicidin genes found in salmonids: two in atlantic salmon, named ascath_1 and ascath_2, and one in rainbow trout, named rtcath_2. all the three new salmonid cathelicidin genes share the common characteristics of mammalian cathelicidin genes, such as consisting of four exons and possessing a highly conserved preproregion and four invariant cysteines clustered in the c-terminal region of the cat ... | 2006 | 16377685 |
| a linkage map for brown trout (salmo trutta): chromosome homeologies and comparative genome organization with other salmonid fish. | we report on the construction of a linkage map for brown trout (salmo trutta) and its comparison with those of other tetraploid-derivative fish in the family salmonidae, including atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and arctic char (salvelinus alpinus). overall, we identified 37 linkage groups (2n = 80) from the analysis of 288 microsatellite polymorphisms, 13 allozyme markers, and phenotypic sex in four backcross families. additionally, we used gene-centromere an ... | 2006 | 16452148 |
| induction time for resistance to microsporidial gill disease caused by loma salmonae following vaccination of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with a spore-based vaccine. | resistance to re-infection of rainbow trout to loma salmonae, a microsporidian gill parasite has been previously documented and this study examined how rapidly this resistance develops. naive rainbow trout were inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) with an inactivated spore-based vaccine and were then given an oral challenge with a high dose of l. salmonae spores at various weeks after being vaccinated. non-vaccinated naive fish (exposed group) were challenged alongside of each group of vaccinated f ... | 2006 | 16464612 |
| development of methods for extraction and in vitro quantification of estrogenic and androgenic activity of wastewater samples. | chemicals released into the environment by anthropogenic activities have been linked to estrogenic or androgenic effects in exposed wildlife, and there is a need to develop and validate rapid and cost-effective methods to quantify the total estrogenic and androgenic activity of environmental water samples. in this study, estrogen receptors (er) were isolated from sheep (ovis aries) uteri and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) livers and androgen receptors (ar) were isolated from rainbow trout b ... | 2006 | 16473560 |
| cloning and phylogenetic analysis of the alpha subunit of the eighth complement component (c8) in rainbow trout. | the alpha subunit of the eighth complement component (c8) is a single-chain plasma glycoprotein which functions in the cytolytic process mediated by the complement system through a sequence of polymerization reactions with other terminal components. we have previously isolated and characterized the c8beta and c8gamma subunits of the eighth complement component in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). here, we report the primary sequence, the tissue expression profile, the domain architecture and ... | 2006 | 16483657 |
| toxic effects produced by microcystins from a natural cyanobacterial bloom and a microcystis aeruginosa isolated strain on the fish cell lines rtg-2 and plhc-1. | toxic cyanobacterial blooms are a worldwide problem, causing serious water pollution and public health hazard to humans and livestock. the intact cells as well as the toxins released after cellular lysis can be responsible for toxic effects in both animals and humans and are actually associated with fish kills. two fish cell lines-plhc-1 derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma of the topminnow poeciliopsis lucida and rtg-2 fibroblast-like cells derived from the gonads of rainbow trout oncorhynch ... | 2006 | 16485170 |
| developmental and evolutionary origins of the vertebrate dentition: molecular controls for spatio-temporal organisation of tooth sites in osteichthyans. | the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as a developmental model surpasses both zebrafish and mouse for a more widespread distribution of teeth in the oro-pharynx as the basis for general vertebrate odontogenesis, one in which replacement is an essential requirement. studies on the rainbow trout have led to the identification of the initial sequential appearance of teeth, through differential gene expression as a changing spatio-temporal pattern, to set in place the primary teeth of the first ge ... | 2006 | 16496402 |
| molecular and expression analysis of an interferon-gamma-inducible guanylate-binding protein from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | guanylate-binding proteins (gbps) are some of the most abundant proteins accumulating in mammalian cells in response to interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). gbps have been suggested to function in antiviral activity, macrophage activation, fibroblast proliferation and inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and invasiveness. here we confirm that ifn-gamma-inducible gbp also exist in fish. a 2 kb gbp cdna was cloned from head kidney of rainbow trout treated with an ifn-inducing compound. the open r ... | 2006 | 16504293 |
| increased levels of mitochondrial gene transcripts in the thermally selected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) strain during embryonic development. | to investigate molecular mechanisms involved in thermal resistance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, embryos from thermally selected strain in various developmental stages were treated at 22 degrees c for 30 min and subsequently developed at 12 degrees c using the donaldson strain as a reference. the embryos were evaluated for their hatching rate along with the ratio of embryos having an abnormal appearance and subjected to mrna arbitrarily primed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reac ... | 2006 | 16505978 |
| homology model of the rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rteralpha) and docking of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs). | a model for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estrogen receptor (rtera) was built by homology with the human estrogen receptor (hera). a high level of sequence conservation between the two receptors was found with 64% and 80% of identity and similarity, respectively. selected endocrine disrupting chemicals were docked into the ligand binding domain (lbd) of rtera and the corresponding free binding energies delta(deltag(bind)) values were calculated. a quantitative structure-activity relationsh ... | 2006 | 16513554 |
| interaction of water temperature and challenge model on xenoma development rates for loma salmonae (microspora) in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | this study evaluated the regulatory effects of water temperature on the development of branchial xenomas caused by loma salmonae using a high-dose per os-challenge model compared with a low-dose cohabitation-challenge model. approximately 275 juvenile rainbow trout (rbt), oncorhynchus mykiss, were randomly distributed to six tanks with two tanks each maintained at 11, 15 and 19 degrees c. fish in one tank from each temperature setting were exposed per os to macerated l. salmonae-infected gill ma ... | 2006 | 16533299 |
| the gamma subunit of the eighth complement component (c8) in rainbow trout. | of the 35 proteins, enzymes, receptors and regulatory components of the complement system, c8gamma is unique in that it is the only lipocalin. c8gamma is a subunit of the c8 molecule, which is one of the five components (c5b, c6, c7, c8 and c9) that interact as a consequence of complement activation to form the membrane attack complex. until now, c8gamma has been characterized only in mammalian species. in order to elucidate the phylogeny of this molecule, we have cloned the c8gamma subunit in r ... | 2006 | 16169077 |
| temperature and ca2+ dependence of [3h]ryanodine binding in the burbot (lota lota l.) heart. | opening and closing of the cardiac ryanodine (ry) receptor (ryr) are coordinated by the free intracellular ca2+ concentration, thus making the ca2+ binding properties of the ryr important for excitation-contraction coupling. unlike mammalian cardiac ryrs, which lose their normal function at low temperatures, ryrs of ectothermic vertebrates remain operative at 2-4 degrees c, as indicated by ry sensitivity of contractile force. to investigate the mechanisms of low temperature adaptation of ectothe ... | 2006 | 16179490 |
| a cdna for a putative type iii deiodinase in the trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): influence of holding conditions and thyroid hormone treatment on its hepatic expression. | a putative rainbow trout type iii deiodinase (d3) cdna was amplified by pcr, using primers to evolutionarily conserved sequences. the race-derived complete cdna was then identified by sequence comparison to that in tilapia and other vertebrates. the cdna coded for a predicted 31,500 kda protein of 278 amino acids, with a hydrophobic trans-membrane segment and with 80% similarity to tilapia d3 and 39% similarity to rainbow trout type ii deiodinase (d2). it also showed a selenocysteine codon at po ... | 2006 | 16214142 |
| transcriptional analysis of lps-stimulated activation of trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) monocyte/macrophage cells in primary culture treated with cortisol. | primary immune responses to pathogen invasion are mediated by the innate immune system in which tissue macrophages play a key role. during infectious processes glucocorticoids generally may function to dampen inflammatory responses. in this study, the ability of cortisol to directly modulate the transcriptional response of rainbow trout macrophages to the cellular activator lipopolysaccharide (lps) was investigated. the results indicate that cortisol significantly inhibits the well-described lps ... | 2006 | 16239032 |
| microcystin-lr induced cellular effects in mammalian and fish primary hepatocyte cultures and cell lines: a comparative study. | the impact of microcystin-lr, one of the most common cyanobacterial toxins, on liver and gut cells originating from mammals and fish was compared. upon exposure of human and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines up to 2.5 microm microcystin-lr, no alteration in cell viability was observed as assessed with three fluorescent indicators dyes, cfda-am, alamar blue and neutral red. the lack of sensitivity of the trout cell lines coincided with an absence of detectable mrna levels of organic ... | 2006 | 16314021 |
| efficacy of injection vaccines against flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | efficacy of mineral oil-based experimental injection vaccines against flavobacterium psychrophilum were tested in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), under laboratory and field conditions. the vaccines consisted of formalin- or heat-inactivated whole bacterium cell preparations of two different serotypes (fd and th) or a combination of serologically different f. psychrophilum (fd and/or th and/or fp(t);th). specific antibody responses against the bacterium in plasma and skin mucus were ... | 2006 | 16351694 |
| characterization of npy receptor subtypes y2 and y7 in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the cloning and pharmacological characterization of two neuropeptide y (npy) receptor subtypes, y2 and y7, in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). these subtypes are approximately 50% identical to each other and belong to the y2 subfamily of npy receptors. the binding properties of the receptors were investigated after expression in human hek-293 ebna cells. both receptors bound the three zebrafish peptides npy, pyya, and pyyb, as well as porcine npy and pyy, with affinities in the nan ... | 2006 | 16359756 |
| genetic stability within the norwegian subtype of salmonid alphavirus (family togaviridae). | salmonid alphavirus (sav) (family togaviridae) causes mortality in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss w.) in norway, france, uk, and ireland. at least three subtypes of sav exist: spdv in uk/ireland, sdv in france/uk, and the recently reported norwegian salmonid alphavirus (nsav) in western norway. during 2003 and 2004, disease caused by nsav was reported for the first time in northern norway, more than 800 km away from the enzootic area in western norway. th ... | 2006 | 16362641 |
| evaluation of quantitative real-time pcr for rapid assessments of the exposure of sentinel fish to myxobolus cerebralis. | pathogen-free rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) aged 735 degree days were experimentally exposed to a low dose of infectious myxobolus cerebralis (20 triactinomyxons fish(-1)). three time periods were chosen for sampling that included 10 days (d), 67 d, and 5 months (mo) post exposure. five diagnostic assays were used: (1) conventional single-round polymerase chain reaction (pcr), (2) nested pcr, (3) real-time taqman pcr, (4) pepsin-trypsin digest, and (5) histopathology. m. cerebralis was det ... | 2006 | 16555100 |
| cdna cloning and characterization of type i procollagen alpha1 chain in the skate raja kenojei. | a full-length cdna of the type i procollagen alpha1 [pro-alpha1(i)] chain (4388 bp), coding for 1463 amino acid residues in the total length, was determined by race pcr using a cdna library constructed from 4-week embryo of the skate raja kenojei. the helical region of the skate pro-alpha1(i) chain consisted of 1014 amino acid residues - the same as other fibrillar collagen alpha chains from higher vertebrates. comparison on denaturation temperatures of type i collagens from the skate, rainbow t ... | 2006 | 16563827 |
| genotyping and pathogenicity of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus from free-living turbot (psetta maxima) in a turkish coastal area of the black sea. | viral hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs) is one of the most serious fish viral diseases for cultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), although vhs virus (vhsv) seems to be ubiquitous among marine fishes. in the present study, vhsv isolation was performed with free-living and cultured turbot (psetta maxima) in the trabzon coastal area of the black sea to evaluate participation of vhsv in mass mortalities of seed-produced turbot larvae. vhsv was detected in 14 of 66 free-living spawners (positive ra ... | 2006 | 16597932 |
| innate immune responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) induced by probiotics. | carnobacterium maltaromaticum b26 and carnobacterium divergens b33, which were isolated from the intestine of healthy rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), were selected as being potentially useful as probiotics with effectiveness against aeromonas salmonicida and yersinia ruckeri. thus, rainbow trout administered with feed supplemented with b26 or b33 dosed at >10(7) cells g(-1) feed conferred protection against challenge with virulent cultures of the pathogens. moreover, both cultures ... | 2006 | 16631379 |
| quantitative expression (walbaum) of immunological factors in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), after infection with either flavobacterium psychrophilum, aeromonas salmonicida, or infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus. | to further enhance our understanding of immunological gene expression in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, after infection with naturally occurring pathogens, a series of probes and primers were developed for the quantification of immune factors. separate groups of specific-pathogen-free rainbow trout were infected with either flavobacterium psychrophilum, aeromonas salmonicida or infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). three different concentrations of each pathogen were used and sam ... | 2006 | 16635061 |
| changes in concentrations of microcystins in rainbow trout, freshwater mussels, and cyanobacteria in lakes rotoiti and rotoehu. | microcystin concentrations in cyanobacteria and their accumulation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and freshwater mussels (hyridella menziesi) in lakes rotoiti and rotoehu (new zealand) were investigated. hatchery rainbow trout were added to an enclosure in lake rotoiti where concentrations of microcystins in the phytoplankton and cyanobacterial cell concentrations could be closely monitored. rainbow trout that were free to roam in the entire area of each lake were also included in the st ... | 2006 | 16646016 |
| translocation of viable aeromonas salmonicida across the intestine of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of the destructive disease furunculosis in salmonids. horizontal transmission in salmonids has been suggested to occur via the skin, gills and/or intestine. previous reports are contradictory regarding the role of the intestine as a route of infection. the present study therefore investigates the possibility of bacterial translocation across intestinal epithelia using ussing chamber technology, in vitro. intestinal segments we ... | 2006 | 16677315 |
| experimental transmission of sleeping disease in one-year-old rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), induced by sleeping disease virus. | sleeping disease (sd) is a serious disease of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, reared in fresh water caused by sleeping disease virus (sdv). in this study a detailed clinical, histological, virological and serological description of the experimental reproduction of sd in 1-year-old rainbow trout exposed to sdv was carried out. two hundred disease-free fish were intraperitoneally inoculated with a sdv isolate and 100 fish were inoculated with an uninfected cell culture lysate as a negative con ... | 2006 | 16677316 |
| pathogenic infections of gyrodactylus brachymystacis (monogenea) on oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) at a fish farm in the qinling mountain region of china. | 2006 | 16677322 | |
| evolution of cytokine responses: il-1beta directly affects intracellular ca2+ concentration of teleost fish leukocytes through a receptor-mediated mechanism. | in this work we studied the biological activities of recombinant il-1beta from the teleosts sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by investigating the effects induced on intracellular ca2+ concentrations ([ca2+]i) of spleen leucocytes. splenocytes were loaded with the ca2+-permeant fura-2am, and then stimulated with ril-1beta. the emitted fluorescence was read for 5 min at 1 min intervals on a dual excitation fluorescence fluorimeter. results showed that ril-1be ... | 2006 | 16713284 |
| persistence of clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type e in tissues from selected freshwater fish species: implications to public health. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), round gobies (neogobius melanostomas), yellow walleye (stizostedion vitreum), and yellow perch (perca flavescens) were given clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type e (bont/e) at four doses (0, 800, 1500, and 4000 mouse lethal doses). bont/e was sought in the fish tissues at death or at the conclusion of the experiment (10 days after treatment). fish were divided into a "fillet" (axial musculature) and a "nonfillet" sample before testing for bont/e toxicity wit ... | 2006 | 16715821 |
| cell adhesion characteristics of a monocytic cell line derived from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | in experiments investigating the adhesive properties of the rainbow trout splenic monocyte-like cell line rts11 it was found that the cells bound with low affinity to plates coated with bovine serum albumin (bsa) but that phorbol ester-induced activation/differentiation greatly increased adhesion to bsa. similarly, pre-exposure to 500 microm mncl(2) at time of plating, increased rts11 adhesion to bsa coated plates, in agreement with the reported ability of divalent cations such as mn(2+) to acti ... | 2006 | 16716617 |
| co-injection of interleukin 8 with the glycoprotein gene from viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) modulates the cytokine response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | since previous results showed that interleukin 8 (il-8) was induced in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection, we have cloned il-8 in an expression vector (pil8+) and studied its possible adjuvant effect on the early response to a vhsv immunization model, focusing on the early response of several cytokines induced by a vector coding for the glycoprotein of vhsv (pmcv1.4-g) in the spleen and head kidney. first, we demonstrated that t ... | 2006 | 16725233 |
| cdna cloning and sequence analysis of preproendothelin-1 (ppet-1) from salmon, oncorhynchus keta. | the presence of endothelin (et)-like immunoreactivity and the cardiovascular effects of mammalian et-1 in fish have been reported. to identify et-related peptides in fish, we screened the cdna library of the salmon (oncorhynchus keta) stomach by means of rapid amplification of cdna ends, and we cloned cdnas encoding an et-related peptide. the salmon et-related sequence of 21 amino acids is identical to the trout et-1 peptide recently purified from kidney specimens of oncorhynchus mykiss. the ded ... | 2006 | 16740985 |
| a link between ectoparasite infection and susceptibility to bacterial disease in rainbow trout. | rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were infected concomitantly with argulus coregoni and flavobacterium columnare and their survival was compared with that of fish infected with either the parasite or the bacterium alone. the mortality of fish challenged with a. coregoni was negligible while infection with f. columnare alone led to significantly lower survival. however, compared with single infections, the mortality was significantly higher and the onset of disease condition was earlier among f ... | 2006 | 16750536 |
| relation of biogenic amines' formation with microbiological and sensory attributes in lactobacillus-inoculated vacuum-packed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets. | the biogenic amine (ba) content of vacuum-packed filleted rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) inoculated or not with two different lactobacillus strains, individually or in combination, was monitored during refrigerated storage for 20 days and related to respective bacteriological and sensory changes occurring during the same period. eight amines, namely putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, tryptamine, beta-phenylethylamine, histamine, spermine, and spermidine, were determined, whereas agmatine was ... | 2006 | 16756357 |
| a newly identified cpg oligodeoxynucleotide motif that stimulates rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune cells to produce immunomodulatory factors. | bacterial dna and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) that contain unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (cpgs) have been shown to have immunostimulatory effects on b cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells in mammals. however, little is known of the cellular basis of cpg immunostimulation in fish. we have addressed this question in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. prokaryotic dna (from escherichia coli), but not eukaryotic dna (from calf), caused proliferation of spleen a ... | 2006 | 16023206 |
| analysis of cyp4501a1, pahs metabolites in bile, and genotoxic damage in oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to biobío river sediments, central chile. | the responses of cytochrome p4501a1 in the liver, the appearance of fluorescent metabolites in bile, and genotoxic damage in erythrocytes were studied in oncorhynchus mykiss exposed under laboratory conditions to sediments taken from the biobio river, central chile. samples were taken at four sampling sites in the biobio river, following a pollution gradient from the discharge, where stations 2 and 3 are impacted by a petrochemical industrial discharge effluent. chemical analysis indicates polyc ... | 2006 | 16137764 |
| plasma proteomic analysis of the acute phase response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to intraperitoneal inflammation and lps injection. | few acute phase proteins are known in fish and better knowledge of them would provide a basis for more reliable methods to objectively assess fish health and welfare. an acute phase response was induced in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) by inflammation triggered by intraperitoneal administration of purified aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide emulsified in freund's incomplete adjuvant (lps/fia) or a commercial oil-based multivalent vaccine. acute phase proteins were characteri ... | 2006 | 16139357 |
| escape from an evolutionary dead end: a triploid clone of gyrodactylus salaris is able to revert to sex and switch host (platyhelminthes, monogenea, gyrodactylidae). | diploid parthenogenesis, with rare sex, is considered as the basic mode of reproduction among the hermaphroditic and viviparous gyrodactylus. a particular strain of the monogenean parasite gyrodactylus salaris (rbt clone) was recognized by an invariable, unique mitochondrial dna haplotype in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farms. the rbt clone was shown to be triploid and asexual by analyzing a 493 bp sequence of a nuclear dna marker. three alleles were present as heterozygous in all 237 ind ... | 2006 | 17362339 |
| temperature-dependent protection against ichthyophthirius multifiliis following immunisation of rainbow trout using live theronts. | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792 fingerlings were vaccinated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection using live theronts of the skin parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis fouquet, 1876 at 2 temperatures (12 and 20 degrees c), and protection against challenge infections was subsequently evaluated by bath exposure to live theronts. vaccination conferred a relative protection (evaluated as the decrease in the number of established theronts) at 12 degrees c and almost complete im ... | 2006 | 17190205 |
| toxicity of clostridium botulinum type e neurotoxin to great lakes fish: implications for avian botulism. | since 1999, large-scale mortalities of fish-eating birds have been observed on the great lakes, and more specifically on lake erie. type e botulism has been established as the primary cause of death. the mechanism of type e botulism exposure in fish-eating birds is unclear. given that these birds are thought to eat live fish exclusively, it seems likely that their prey play a key role in the process, but the role of fish as potential transport vectors of botulinum neurotoxin type e (bont/e) to b ... | 2006 | 17092878 |
| infectious haemolytic anaemia causes jaundice outbreaks in seawater-cultured coho salmon, oncorhynchus kisutch (walbaum), in chile. | in the last 9 years, epizootics of an icterus condition has affected coho salmon, oncorhynchus kisutch (walbaum), reared in seawater cages in southern regions of chile. at necropsy, fish from field cases exhibited signs of jaundice accompanied by pale light-brown livers and dark spleens. histopathological and haematological results indicated that these fish presented haemolytic anaemia. after microbiological examination no bacterial or viral agents could be identified as aetiological agents of t ... | 2006 | 17169103 |
| whole body net ion fluxes, plasma electrolyte concentrations and haematology during a loma salmonae infection in juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | loma salmonae infections of salmonids culminate in the development of branchial xenomas and subsequent focal hyperplasia of the lamellar or filament epithelium following xenoma rupture and spore release. the effects of this acute branchial disruption upon net ionic flux rates and plasma electrolyte concentrations were determined in juvenile rainbow trout given an experimental oral exposure to l. salmonae. mean numbers of branchial xenomas peaked at week 5 post-exposure (pe), which coincided with ... | 2006 | 17169105 |
| chondroitin ac lyase activity is related to virulence of fish pathogenic flavobacterium columnare. | the virulence of eight flavobacterium columnare strains was studied to find correlations between several virulence-related factors and virulence. virulence was tested in vivo using rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). suggested virulence-related factors such as production of the degradative enzyme chondroitin lyase, plasmid occurrence and adhesion capability were studied in vitro. infection with the four most virulent strains resulted in 95-100% mortality within 114 h. chondroitin lyase ... | 2006 | 17169108 |
| stochastic simulation of live salmonid movement in england and wales to predict potential spread of exotic pathogens. | the anthropogenic movement of live fish has been identified as the most important route for the transmission of disease between river catchments. to assist in contingency planning for exotic salmonid disease outbreaks, a stochastic model was developed to assess the potential geographic distribution of an introduced pathogen with time to first detection. the live fish movement database (a resource funded by the uk department for environment, food and rural affairs [defra] and managed by the centr ... | 2006 | 17140134 |
| identification of carbonylated protein in frozen rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets and development of protein oxidation during frozen storage. | frozen storage of fish is known to enhance lipid oxidation, resulting in the development of an unpleasant rancid taste and odor. frozen storage of fish is also known to reduce protein solubility, and proteins are expected to be oxidatively modified; however, these oxidative mechanisms are poorly understood. generally, protein oxidation leads to a wide range of modifications; the most studied being the formation of carbonyl groups. the present work shows, by uv spectrophometric determination of p ... | 2006 | 17147430 |
| determination of astaxanthin stereoisomers and colour attributes in flesh of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as a tool to distinguish the dietary pigmentation source. | the presence of carotenoids in animal tissue reflects their sources along the food chain. astaxanthin, the main carotenoid used for salmonid pigmentation, is usually included in the feed as a synthetic product. however, other dietary sources of astaxanthin such as shrimp or krill wastes, algae meal or yeasts are also available on the market. astaxanthin possesses two identical asymmetric atoms at c-3 and c-3' making possible three optical isomers with all-trans configuration of the chain: 3s,3's ... | 2006 | 17071507 |
| differential effects of 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (hcb) on interrenal steroidogenesis in male and female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | 1. the conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-ohp), 11-deoxycortisol (11-docr) and deoxycorticosterone (doc) was significantly higher in female rainbow trout than in male trout; in contrast, the interrenal production of cortisol (cr) plus cortisone (cn) was higher in males than in females. 2. following treatment with 1 mg/kg of hcb, the interrenal conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-ohp and 11-docr was significantly increased in male and female trout but at 20 mg ... | 2006 | 1360370 |
| the influence of cerebellar lesions on the swimming performance of the trout. | the influence of partial cerebellar ablation on the performance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, swimming in a water tunnel was studied. before surgery, all fish maintained a steady position in the water tunnel at all speeds tested. a linear relationship was found between the specific velocity (body length s-1) and the tail-beat frequency. after partial cerebellectomy, the fish swam well in the tunnel at low speeds, retaining the relationship between tail-beat frequency and specific veloci ... | 2006 | 1634862 |
| the effect of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf)-induced growth hormone (gh) release in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. the effect of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf)-induced growth hormone (gh) secretion was studied on rainbow trout using a dispersed pituitary cell culture system. 2. a combined administration of lower doses (0.01 microm) of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and dexamethasone (dex) significantly increased spontaneous as well as carp grf-induced gh release. 3. lower doses of dex alone had no effect, and t3 had a marginal effect on gh release. highe ... | 2006 | 1679699 |
| mechanisms of ion and acid-base regulation at the gills of freshwater fish. | this review examines the branchial mechanisms utilized by freshwater fish to regulate internal acid-base status and presents a model to explain the underlying basis of the compensatory processes. rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown bullhead, ictalurus nebulosus, were examined under a variety of experimental treatments which induced respiratory and metabolic acid-base disturbances. acid-base regulation was achieved by appropriate adjustments of na+ and cl- net fluxes across the gills wh ... | 2006 | 1500882 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus rafinesque. | the hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, was cloned and sequenced. total rna from head kidneys was isolated, reverse transcribed and amplified. the sequence of the channel catfish hemoglobin-beta gene consists of 600 nucleotides. analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals one open reading frame and 5'- as well as 3'-untranslated regions. the open reading frame of the sequence potentially encodes 148 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16.3 kda. the pi and ch ... | 2006 | 20035483 |
| pasteurization of rainbow trout roe: listeria monocytogenes and sensory analyses. | d- and z-values for a mixture of four listeria monocytogenes strains originating from the roe of different fish species were determined in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) roe. the d60- and d63-values obtained were 1.60 and 0.44 min, respectively, and the z-value was 5.36 degrees c accordingly. in pilot-scale experiments, rainbow trout roe (100 g) was vacuum packaged into glass jars and pasteurized both at 62 and 65 degrees c for 10 min. these treatments were enough to destroy 10(8) cfu/ g of ... | 2005 | 21132972 |
| use of a rainbow trout oligonucleotide microarray to determine transcriptional patterns in aflatoxin b1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma compared to adjacent liver. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its occurrence is associated with a number of environmental factors including ingestion of the dietary contaminant aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)). research over the last 40 years has revealed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to be an excellent research model for study of afb(1)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis; however, little is known about changes at the molecular level in trout tumors. we have developed a rainbow ... | 2005 | 16141433 |
| gene duplication of the seventh component of complement in rainbow trout. | the seventh component of complement is a single-chain plasma glycoprotein that is involved in the cytolytic phase of complement activation through a sequence of polymerization reactions with other terminal components. we have previously isolated and characterized a c7 gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). here, we report the cloning of a second trout c7 gene (c7-2). the deduced amino acid sequence of the c7-2 gene exhibits 43 and 50% identity with human c7 and trout c7-1, respectively. th ... | 2005 | 16142474 |
| isolation of vagococcus salmoninarum in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), broodstocks: characterization of the pathogen. | coldwater 'streptococcosis', caused by vagococcus salmoninarum, is an emerging disease of rainbow trout in the european union, causing mortality rates up to 50% in broodstock during the spawning period, with water temperature of 10-12 degrees c. a study to determine the presence and role of this bacterium was undertaken using classical bacteriological techniques confirmed with polymerase chain reaction. this is the first report of isolation of v salmoninarum in relation to outbreaks of mortality ... | 2005 | 16142604 |
| identification and expression of a host-recognized antigen, fspa, from flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome, an economically important disease of immature salmonid fish for which there is no vaccine. convalescent serum from the host, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), reacted strongly with a approximately 20 kda, flavobacterium-specific protein antigen (subsequently named fspa) from f. psychrophilum. protein-enriched, detergent-partitioned samples were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the protein ... | 2005 | 16151223 |
| isolation of the salmonid rhamnose-binding lectin stl2 from spores of the microsporidian fish parasite loma salmonae. | the microsporidian parasite, loma salmonae, is the causative agent of gill disease in both wild and netpen-reared salmonids worldwide. in this paper we report the finding of a rhamnose-binding lectin from steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, which was found bound in high concentration to the surface coat of l. salmonae spores. sds-page, immunoblot, n-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometric analyses were used to determine that the dominant 24 kda protein lectin observed on sds-page analysis o ... | 2005 | 16159363 |
| genetic relationships among members of the ichthyobodo necator complex: implications for the management of aquaculture stocks. | abstract ichthyobodo necator (costia) is a common and important flagellate parasite that infests the skin and gills of many freshwater and marine fish. costia infestations are often fatal and cause significant aquaculture losses worldwide. recently it has been demonstrated that ichthyobodo is a multispecies complex with differing host preferences. knowing if those species have broad or narrow host specificity has important implications for the management of costia. to address the question of hos ... | 2005 | 15705156 |
| identification of a novel cathelicidin gene in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the cloning of a novel antimicrobial peptide gene, termed rtcath_1, found in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. the predicted 216-residue rtcath_1 prepropeptide consists of three domains: a 22-residue signal peptide, a 128-residue cathelin-like region containing two identifiable cathelicidin family signatures, and a predicted 66-residue c-terminal cationic antimicrobial peptide. this predicted mature peptide was unique in possessing features of different known (mammalian) cathelic ... | 2005 | 16041021 |