Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| dynamics of photosystem stoichiometry adjustment by light quality in chloroplasts. | long-term imbalance in light absorption and electron transport by photosystem i (psi) and photosystem ii (psii) in chloroplasts brings about changes in the composition, structure, and function of thylakoid membranes. the response entails adjustment in the photosystem ratio, which is optimized to help the plant retain a high quantum efficiency of photosynthesis (w.s. chow, a. melis, j.m. anderson [1990] proc nat acad sci usa 87: 7502-7506). the dynamics of photosystem ratio adjustment were invest ... | 1993 | 12231808 |
| effect of jasmonic acid on the interaction of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) with the powdery mildew erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. | jasmonic acid or its methyl ester induce de novo synthesis of a number of proteins of mostly unknown function in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). in a topical spray application, 30 [mu]g of jasmonic acid per plant effectively protected barley against subsequent infection by erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. examination of jasmonic acid-induced barley proteins revealed the presence of several acid-soluble (ph 2.8) proteins. two prominent groups of 25 kd and 10 to 12 kd apparent molecular mass were pres ... | 1993 | 12231839 |
| synergistic enhancement of the antifungal activity of wheat and barley thionins by radish and oilseed rape 2s albumins and by barley trypsin inhibitors. | although thionins and 2s albumins are generally considered as storage proteins, both classes of seed proteins are known to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi. we have now found that the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) or barley (hordeum vulgare l.) thionin concentration required for 50% inhibition of fungal growth is lowered 2- to 73-fold when combined with 2s albumins (at sub- or noninhibitory concentrations) from radish (raphanus sativus l.) or oilseed rape (brassica napus l.). furthermore, t ... | 1993 | 12232024 |
| inhibition of sucrose:sucrose fructosyl transferase by cations and ionic strength. | fructans are storage carbohydrates found in many temperate grasses. the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of most fructans is sucrose:sucrose fructosyl transferase (sst). in this report, we demonstrate that k+ and ionic strength noncompetitively inhibit the activity of sst from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) stems. the ki for this inhibition is high, 122 mm, but in the range of concentrations of k+ found in the tissue (205-314 mm). addition of kcl to the assay system had no effect on the ph ... | 1993 | 12231714 |
| identification, characterization, and analysis of cdna and genomic sequences encoding two different small heat shock proteins in hordeum vulgare. | in vitro translation of mrnas prepared from barley (hordeum vulgare) seedlings (cv. onice) exposed at 40 degrees c directed the synthesis of major heat shock proteins (hsps) with molecular masses of 80-90, 70, 42 and 16-22 kda. a cdna library prepared from the 40 degrees c mrnas and screened by differential hybridization led to the isolation of heat shock specific sequences. one of these (hv hsp18) was confirmed by hybrid-arrested and hybrid-released translation as encoding for an 18-kda hsp. th ... | 1993 | 8112573 |
| molecular cloning of cdna for vacuolar membrane proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase in hordeum vulgare. | we obtained a cdna clone(pp10) for the vacuolar membrane proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase from barley roots by immunoscreening. the nucleotide sequence contained a 2308 bp open reading frame capable of coding for a polypeptide with 761 amino acids (m(r) 79,841). the polypeptide is highly hydrophobic and 12 membrane-spanning regions are deduced from the hydropathic evaluation. the characteristic cluster of the basic and acidic residues is observed in the hydrophilic segment. a conse ... | 1993 | 8382487 |
| two related biosynthetic pathways of mugineic acids in gramineous plants. | the biosynthesis of mugineic acids was studied by feeding 2h- or 13c-labeled compounds to water-cultured roots in several gramineous plants. the fate of labeled compounds was monitored by using 2h- and 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance. on investigating the proton changes during biosynthesis by feeding d,l-[3,3,4,4-d4]-methionine (98.6% 2h), 2h-labeled 2[prime]-deoxymugineic, mugineic, and 3-epihydroxymugineic acids were isolated from root washings of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv minori), barley ... | 1993 | 12231828 |
| novel light-regulated chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein. | a 64 kilodalton chloroplast membrane polypeptide was dependent on growth irradiance with 10-fold greater quantities of the protein present in barley (hordeum vulgare) grown under 500 micromoles of photons per square meter per second compared with growth at 50 micromoles per square meter per second. the concentration of the protein was sensitive to changes in irradiance, with a slow time course for the response (days) similar to other reported light acclimation processes. the polypeptide also was ... | 1992 | 16668749 |
| blue light activates a specific protein kinase in higher plants. | blue light mediates the phosphorylation of a membrane protein in seedlings from several plant species. when crude microsomal membrane proteins from dark-grown pea (pisum sativum l.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.), arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana l.), or tomato (lycopersicon esculentum l.) stem segments, or from maize (zea mays l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), or sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) coleoptiles are i ... | 1992 | 16653043 |
| a pitfall in determining the globulin/albumin ratio in amaranth grains. | in amaranth grains (amaranthus hypochondriacus l. and amaranthus cruentus l.), there were two albumin (alb) fractions, alb-1 and alb-2; alb-1 was extracted with water or 0.5 m nacl, and alb-2 was extracted with water after extracting alb-1 and globulin. the amount of alb-2 comprised about 30% of the total albumin and globulin content. little or no measurable protein corresponding to the amaranth alb-2 was extracted from seeds of buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench), quinoa (chenopodium quinoa ... | 1992 | 1506925 |
| differential detergent stability of the major light-harvesting complex ii in thylakoids isolated from monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. | a survey of isolated thylakoids from 11 different higher plant species (spinacia oleracea l., pisum sativum l., vicia faba l., brassica napus l., vigna sinensis l., vinca minor l., secale cereale l., triticum aestivum l., triticosecale wittn., hordeum vulgare l., zea mays l.) indicated that the ratio of the oligomeric:monomeric form of the light-harvesting complex ii was twofold higher for the dicots (3.16 +/- 0.35) than the monocots (1.64 +/- 0.25) examined under identical separation procedures ... | 1992 | 16669008 |
| variation within flax (linum usitatissimum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) in response to allelopathic chemicals. | a possible method of manipulating allelopathy would be to develop crop varieties showing an increased tolerance to allelopathic chemicals. we therefore examined four flax (linum usitatissimum) varieties and two wild linum species in the presence of p-coumaric acid and four barley (hordeum vulgare) varieties in the presence of p-coumaric acid, scopoletin and wild oat (avena fatua) extract. analysis of variance indicates significant interaction between variety and treatment for shoot and root grow ... | 1992 | 24203208 |
| fingerprinting plant genomes with oligonucleotide probes specific for simple repetitive dna sequences. | oligonucleotides hybridizing to simple repetitive dna patterns are highly informative as probes for dna fingerprinting in all investigated animal species, including man. here we demonstrate the applicability of this technique in higher plants. the oligonucleotide probes (gtg)5 and (gata)4 were used to investigate the differences in dna fingerprint patterns of the following angiosperm species: triticum aestivum, secale cereale, hordeum vulgare, beta vulgaris, petunia hybrida, brassica oleracea, a ... | 1992 | 24202742 |
| herbicide clomazone does not inhibit in vitro geranylgeranyl synthesis from mevalonate. | clomazone reduced the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medik.), and soybean (glycine max l. merr.) seedlings. the order of species sensitivity was velvetleaf > spinach > barley > soybean. clomazone (100 micromolar) did not affect the in vitro activities of spinach isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase or prenyl transferase. clomazone also did not affect the synthesis of isopentenyl pyrophosphate fro ... | 1992 | 16668657 |
| pattern of expression of meristem-specific cdna clones of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | deoxyribonucleic-acid sequences expressed at high levels in meristematic tissues of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) have been cloned by differential hybridization. five out of the seven cdna clones studied showed homologies to histone genes h2a (two clones), h2b, h3 and h4. their patterns of expression, as studied by rna and in-situ hybridization, were typical for genes transcribed during cell division. a sixth cdna clone, sab2, had a 65.7% identity (on a protein basis) to l2-like ribosomal proteins ... | 1992 | 24186662 |
| monosomic and double monosomic substitutions of hordeum bulbosum l. chromosomes into h. vulgare l. | one of the aims of the interspecific crossing programme between hordeum vulgare l. and h. bulbosum l. has been to introgress desirable genes into barley from the wild species. however, despite their close taxonomic relationship there have been few reports of achieving this objective using amphidiploid hybrids. in order to broaden the range of available hybrids, partially fertile triploids between h. vulgare (2n = 2x = 14) and h. bulbosum (2n = 4x = 28) were developed and crossed with h. vulgare ... | 1992 | 24203209 |
| purification of an infection-related, extracellular peroxidase from barley. | increases in two extracellular peroxidases were observed following inoculation of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) with the powdery mildew pathogen (erysiphe graminis dc.: fr. f. sp. hordei em. marchal). the more prominent isozyme, p8.5, was purified from intercellular wash fluids by acetone precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration. purified p8.5 is a heme-containing, glycoprotein with a m(r) of 35,000. it has eight cysteine residues. a highly specific, hig ... | 1992 | 16652974 |
| species-dependent variation in the interaction of substrate-bound ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) and rubisco activase. | purified spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase supported 50 to 100% activation of substrate-bound rubisco from spinach, barley, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), soybean (glycine max l.), pea (pisum sativum l.), arabidopsis thaliana, maize (zea mays l.), and chlamydomonas reinhardtii but supported only 10 to 35% activation of rubisco from three solanaceae species, tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.), petunia (petu ... | 1992 | 16653209 |
| identification of an essential tyrosine residue in the catalytic site of a chitinase isolated from zea mays that is selectively modified during inactivation with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide. | chitinase isolated from zea mays seeds is inactivated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (edc) in the absence of exogenous nucleophiles. oligomers of n-acetylglucosamine,n,n',n",n"'-tetra-n-acetylchitotetraose (glcnac4), and to a lesser extent, n,n',n"-tri-n-acetylchitotriose (glcnac3) and n,n'-di-n-acetylchitobiose (glcnac2) provide partial protection against inactivation by the reagent. an examination of the concentration dependence of the protection afforded by glcnac4 revealed ... | 1992 | 1740436 |
| molecular analyses of a barley multigene family homologous to the yeast protein kinase gene snf1. | genomic sequences homologous to the yeast gene snf1 have been isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare) cv. sunbar. snf1 encodes a protein serine/threonine kinase required for the derepression of a number of genes, including suc2 (invertase) in response to glucose deprivation. southern blotting showed the presence of a family of related genes in barley and full-length sequences have been determined for two members of the family, one of which lacks an exon and is almost certainly non-functional. a p ... | 1992 | 1302632 |
| effects of supercypermethrin, a synthetic developmental pyrethroid, on four biological test systems. | the genotoxic potential of the insecticide supercypermethrin, a second-generation pyrethroid, was studied on four different test systems. it was non-mutagenic to salmonella typhimurium strains ta1535, ta100, ta1538, ta98 and ta97 in the presence and absence of s9 mixture. it induced gene conversion at the tryptophan locus and induced point mutations at the isoleucine locus in saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. a slight increase in the frequency of aberrant anaphases and telophases in root tips of h ... | 1992 | 1381478 |
| effects of amino acids on sister-chromatid exchanges. | the effects of 10 amino acids on sister-chromatid exchange (sce) frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and six amino acids on the sce frequency in root tip cells of hordeum vulgare were studied. alanine (ala), glycine (gly), phenylalanine (phe), valine (val), histidine (his) and serine (ser) induced a significant increase in sce in pbl but threonine (thr), isoleucine (ile), lysine (lys) and arginine (arg) did not. ala, gly, thr, ile and val induced a significant increase in sce i ... | 1992 | 1382229 |
| purification and characterization of aleurain : a plant thiol protease functionally homologous to mammalian cathepsin h. | barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv himilaya) aleurain is a vacuolar thiol protease originally isolated as a cdna with 65% derived amino acid sequence identity with cathepsin h (jc rogers, d dean, gr heck [1985] proc natl acad sci usa 82: 6512-6516). we purified aleurain from barley leaves to homogeneity (>1000-fold) and characterized its activity against a number of substrates. aleurain is best described as an aminopeptidase; it hydrolyzes three different aminopeptidase substrates with similar cataly ... | 1992 | 16669011 |
| purification and characterization of glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase from barley expressed in escherichia coli. | the immediate precursor in the synthesis of tetrapyrroles is delta-aminolevulinate (ala). ala is synthesized from glutamate in higher plants, algae, and certain bacteria. glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (ec 5.4.3.8) (gsa-at), the third enzyme involved in this metabolic pathway, catalyzes the transamination of gsa to form ala. the gene encoding this aminotransferase has previously been isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare) and inserted into an escherichia coli expression vector. we des ... | 1992 | 16669079 |
| transformation of the developing barley endosperm by particle bombardment. | delivery of dna into intact cells of the developing barley (hordeum vulgare l.) endosperm was performed with the biolistic particle gun. it is shown that the proximal 532 base pairs (bp) of the upstream region of a b1-hordein gene drive the expression of the β-glucuronidase (gus) gene (uida) in sub-aleurone and starchy-endosperm cells but not in cells devoid of starch, i.e. developing aleurone cells. the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus was active in all three cell types. this cell-spe ... | 1991 | 24186414 |
| structure of the hordeum vulgare gene encoding dihydroflavonol-4-reductase and molecular analysis of ant18 mutants blocked in flavonoid synthesis. | a full-length cdna clone encoding barley dihydroflavonol-4-reductase was isolated from a kernel-specific cdna library by screening with the cdna of the structural gene (a1) for this enzyme from maize. subsequently, the gene corresponding to the barley dihydroflavonol-4-reductase cdna was cloned and sequenced. the gene contains three introns at the same positions as in the zea mays gene, corresponding to the positions of the first three of the five introns present in the genes of petunia hybrida ... | 1991 | 1720864 |
| induction of beta-1,3-glucanase in barley in response to infection by fungal pathogens. | the sequence of a partial cdna clone corresponding to an mrna induced in leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare) by infection with fungal pathogens matched almost perfectly with that of a cdna clone coding for beta-1,-3-glucanase isolated from the scutellum of barley. western blot analysis of intercellular proteins from near-isogenic barley lines inoculated with the powdery mildew fungus (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) showed a strong induction of glucanase in all inoculated lines but was most pron ... | 1991 | 1815765 |
| studies on the utilization of a plant sce test in detecting potential mutagenic agents. | in this paper a modified procedure for sister-chromatid differentiation in plant cells is reported. using this procedure some chemicals were tested for sce induction in vicia faba, hordeum vulgare and secale cereale. the chemicals tested were ethanol, chromium oxide, sodium saccharin, fluorouracil, ascorbic acid (vitamin c), omethoate and phenol. the experimental results showed that most of them induced sce increases in mouse spleen cells, human lymphocytes and plant cells. the increase of sces ... | 1991 | 1881408 |
| a copy of exon 3-intron 3 from the barley aleurain gene is present on chromosome 2. | a genomic clone from hordeum vulgare l. cv. himalaya contains 700 bp of dna that is homologous with a high degree of nucleotide sequence similarity to exon 3-intron 3 from the gene for the thiol protease, aleurain. genomic southern blot mapping data indicate that this clone in phage lambda had not undergone rearrangement, and no other sequences homologous to aleurain are present on it. although exon 3 in aleurain encodes the polypeptide region cleaved during proteolytic processing of the proenzy ... | 1991 | 1884002 |
| active site-directed inhibition by optically pure epoxyalkyl cellobiosides reveals differences in active site geometry of two 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolases. the importance of epoxide stereochemistry for enzyme inactivation. | 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolases (ec 3.2.-1.73) from bacillus subtilis and barley (hordeum vulgare) with identical substrate specificities but unrelated primary structures have been probed with (r,s)-epoxyalkyl (-propyl, -butyl, -pentyl) beta-cellobiosides and with optically pure (3s)- and (3r)-3,4-cellobiosides as active site-directed inhibitors. the optimal aglycon length for inactivation differs for the two enzymes, and they are differentially inhibited by the pure epoxybutyl beta-ce ... | 1991 | 1904865 |
| toxin production in pyrenophora teres, the ascomycete causing the net-spot blotch disease of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | toxin production in a large number of pyrenophora teres isolates have been investigated. during fungal growth, the ph of the medium decreases from 6.5 to about 3.0. aspergillomarasmine a is the major toxin excreted into the culture medium. nonenzymatic acid-catalyzed conversion of aspergillomarasmine a to anhydroaspergillomarasmine a proceeds at low ph and is prevented by repeated titration of the culture medium to ph 6.5. the four possible stereoisomers of n-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)aspartic aci ... | 1991 | 2071605 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism-mediated targeting of the ml-o resistance locus in barley (hordeum vulgare). | the ml-o locus in barley confers resistance to all known races of the fungus erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. since the molecular mechanisms underlying ml-o-mediated resistance are currently undefined, experiments have been initiated to isolate the gene by means of its map position. a collection of backcross lines containing ml-o alleles derived from six barley genotypes allowed us to identify a set of dna markers very tightly linked to the resistance locus. these markers span an unexpectedly sma ... | 1991 | 11607179 |
| gibberellic acid regulates the level of a bip cognate in the endoplasmic reticulum of barley aleurone cells. | the isolation of a 70-kilodalton protein from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) aleurone layers that cross-reacts with an antibody against yeast binding protein (bip) is reported. endoplasmic reticulum isolated from aleurone layers treated with gibberellic acid contain much higher levels of the bip cognate than do membranes isolated from layers treated with abscisic acid. | 1991 | 16668408 |
| isolation and partial characterization of a factor from barley aleurone that modifies alpha-amylase in vitro. | posttranslational modifications that give rise to multiple forms of alpha-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1) in barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv himalaya) were studied. when analyzed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, barley alpha-amylase has a molecular mass of 43 to 44 kilodaltons, but isoelectric focusing resolves the enzyme into a large number of isoforms. to precisely identify these isoforms, we propose a system of classification based on their isoelectric points (pl). alpha-amylases with pls ... | 1991 | 16668534 |
| immunological characterization of two dominant tonoplast polypeptides. | at least 14 distinct polypeptides reside in the tonoplast of barley (hordeum vulgare) mesophyll vacuoles. two of the polypeptides were isolated from two-dimensional separations of vacuoplast membrane proteins and used for immunization. with the antisera, the localization on the membrane and the distribution of the polypeptides in the plant kingdom and in various tissues of barley plants was studied. the polypeptides have an apparent molecular mass of 31 and 40 kilodaltons. after freeze-thaw cycl ... | 1991 | 16668546 |
| suppression of the powdery mildew pathogen by chitinase microinjected into barley coleoptile epidermal cells. | an exogenous chitinase from streptomyces griseus was introduced into coleoptile epidermal cells of barley (hordeum vulgare) by microinjection, and the effect of injected chitinase on the growth or development of the powdery mildew pathogen (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) was examined. prior to microinjection, an enzymatic degradation of fungal haustorium, the organ taking nutrients from host plant cells, was examined by treating fixed coleoptile epidermis harboring haustoria with this enzyme. ... | 1991 | 24221582 |
| specific binding of a hypersensitive lignification elicitor from puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici to the plasma membrane from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we have recently reported the isolation and characterization of a glycoprotein (mr 67 000) from germ-tube walls of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici which elicits the cellular hypersensitive lignification response in wheat (g. kogel et al., 1988, physiol. mol. plant pathol. 33, 173-185). the present study uses this glycoprotein, referred to as pgt elicitor, to identify putative elicitor targets in wheat cell membranes. in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using anti-pgt elicitor antibodies, spec ... | 1991 | 24193616 |
| citrate transport into barley mesophyll vacuoles - comparison with malate-uptake activity. | citrate uptake into barley (hordeum vulgare l.) mesophyll vacuoles was found to be saturable with a k m of about 200 μm. uptake appears to occur via the citrate(3-) form, as indicated by concentration-dependent uptake studies at different phs. free citrate and not the mg-citrate complex was taken up by the vacuoles, even though slow transport of the mg complex could not be excluded. citrate transport into vacuoles was competitively inhibited by malate (k i=0.68 mm). various organic acids and pro ... | 1991 | 24194244 |
| functional xylem anatomy in root-shoot junctions of six cereal species. | in cereals, the formation of safety zones in the root-shoot junction could protect the vessels of roots from embolism originating in the shoot. the root-shoot junction was examined both anatomically, with a light microscope, and experimentally, using a pressurized-air method, in the base of seminal and adventitious roots of maize (zea mays l. cv. seneca 60-ii), a corngrass mutation of maize (cg mutant), sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. cv. ho-pak), winter oats (avena sativa l. cv. ogle), spring wheat ... | 1991 | 24193938 |
| effects of diclofop and diclofop-methyl on membrane potentials in roots of intact oat, maize, and pea seedlings. | growth and electrophysiological studies in roots of intact diclofop-methyl susceptible and resistant seedlings were conducted to test the hypothesis that the herbicide acts primarily as a proton ionophore. the ester formulation of diclofop, at 0.2 micromolar, completely inhibited root growth in herbicide-susceptible oat (avena sativa l.) after a 96 hour treatment, but induced only a delayed transient depolarization of the membrane potential in oat root cortical cells. root growth in susceptible ... | 1991 | 16668091 |
| aluminum ions induce oat protoplasts to produce an extracellular (1-->3)beta-d-glucan. | aluminum chloride induced mesophyll protoplasts of oat (avena sativa) to produce an extracellular polysaccharide (eps). eps induced by alcl(3) appeared identical to that produced in response to the phytotoxin victorin (jd walton, ed earle [1985] planta 165: 407-415). al ions at 1 millimolar were toxic to protoplasts, but maximum eps production occurred at a sublethal concentration of 200 micromolar, assayed at ph 6.0. as measured by incorporation of [(14)c]glucose, alcl(3) stimulated eps product ... | 1990 | 16667679 |
| photoregulation of beta-tubulin mrna abundance in etiolated oat and barley seedlings. | the effect of light on the abundance of beta-tubulin mrna was measured in etiolated avena sativa l. and hordeum vulgare l. seedlings. slot blot analysis employing an oat beta-tubulin cdna clone was used to measure beta-tubulin mrna levels. white light induced a 45% decrease in oat beta-tubulin mrna abundance by 2 hours after transfer. a saturating red light pulse induced 40 and 55% decreases in beta-tubulin mrna levels in oats and barley, respectively. recovery of beta-tubulin mrna levels was ob ... | 1990 | 16667578 |
| fructan precipitation from a water/ethanol extract of oats and barley. | fructan was precipitated from a water and ethanol extract of oat (avena sativa l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.). the degree of polymerization and response on a differential refractometer, based on peak area and height, was compared to fructan collected from a lead-based hplc column and to commercially available inulin. statistically significant differences are discussed. | 1990 | 16667347 |
| senescence and stomatal aperture as affected by antibiotics in darkness and light. | in leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare), as previously found with oats (avena sativa), a group of six antibiotics that interfere in different ways with the sequence dna --> mrna --> protein all delay senescence in the dark, acting to conserve chlorophyll (chl) and protein and also to open the stomata. among the active compounds is chloramphenicol, which had previously been reported to act only on procaryotes. it is now shown that all these compounds with senescence-delaying action in darkness have ... | 1990 | 16667337 |
| free amino acid composition of leaf exudates and phloem sap : a comparative study in oats and barley. | comparisons were made between the free amino acid composition in leaf exudates and that in pure phloem sap, using twin samples taken from a single leaf of two oat (avena sativa l.) and three barley (hordeum vulgare l.) varieties. leaf exudate was collected in a 5 mm edta-solution (ph 7.0) from cut leaf blades and phloem sap was obtained through excised aphid (rhopalosiphum padi l.) stylets. fluorescent derivatives of amino acids were obtained using 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate and were separa ... | 1990 | 16667250 |
| evolutionary and tissue-specific control of expression of multiple acyl-carrier protein isoforms in plants and bacteria. | we have examined the occurrence of multiple acyl-carrier protein (acp), isoforms in evolutionarily diverse species of higher and lower plants. isoforms were resolved by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page), and were detected by western blotting or fluorography of [(3)h]-palmitate-labelled acps. multiple isoforms of acp were found in leaf tissue of the monocotyledons avena sativa and hordeum vulgare and dicotyledons arabidopsis thaliana, cuphea wrightii, and brassica napus. lower vasc ... | 1990 | 24202013 |
| localization of glyoxylate-cycle marker enzymes in peroxisomes of senescent leaves and green cotyledons. | crude particulate homogenates from leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), leaf-beet (beta vulgaris var. cicla l.) and pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l.) cotyledons were separated on sucrose density gradients. the peroxisomal fractions appeared at a buoyant density of 1.25 g·cm(-3) and contained most of the activities of catalase (ec 1.11.1.6), and hydroxypyruvate reductase (ec 1.1.1.81) on the gradients. in peroxisomal fractions from detached leaves and green cotyledons incubate ... | 1990 | 24202025 |
| yield responses of different crop species to long-term fumigation with sulphur dioxide in open-top chambers. | potted plants of commercial cultivars of rape (brassica napus l., cv. 'callypso'), summer barley (hordeum vulgare l., cvs. 'arena' and 'hockey') and bush beans (phaseolus vulgaris l., cvs. 'rintintin' and 'rosisty') were continuously exposed in open-top chambers to sulphur dioxide (so(2)) for the whole growing season in order to assess effects of this pollutant on growth and various yield parameters. treatments consisted of charcoal-filtered air (cf) and cf supplemented with four levels of so(2) ... | 1990 | 15092223 |
| agrobacterium - and microprojectile - mediated viral dna delivery into barley microspore-derived cultures. | anther cultures of barley (hordeum vulgare l. var. "igri") were used as targets for agrobacterium-mediated dna transfer and direct dna uptake by particle bombardment. a wheat dwarf virus construct which can replicate to a high copy number in cereal cells provided a sensitive marker for successful dna delivery. although dna delivery was achieved using both procedures, particle bombardment gave more reproducible and higher levels of infection. the ability to deliver dna into cereal cells which hav ... | 1990 | 24232785 |
| sulfhydryl reagents and energy-linked reactions in monocot thylakoids. | monofunctional maleimides have been used to covalently modify the coupling factor protein of monocot thylakoid membranes. as with dicot thylakoids, incubation of the monocot thylakoids with maleimides in the light but not in the dark results in inhibition of both atp synthesis and hydrolysis. in the dark, sites on the gamma and epsilon subunits of maize zea mays coupling factor 1 are modified after incubation of maize mesophyll thylakoids with the fluorescent maleimide n-(anilinonaphthyl-4) male ... | 1990 | 16667548 |
| effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on endogenous cyanide, beta-cyanoalanine synthase activity, and ethylene evolution in seedlings of soybean and barley. | treatment of etiolated seedlings of barley (hordeum vulgare) and soybean (glycine max) with 1 millimolar 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) resulted in a 14-fold and greater than 100-fold increase in ethylene production, respectively. simultaneous monitoring of endogenous cyanide and beta-cyanoalanine synthase (beta-cas) (ec 4.4. 1.9) activity was also performed. endogenous levels of cyanide did not change in barley. in soybean, endogenous cyanide increased within 3 hours, increased again 6 ... | 1990 | 16667809 |
| biochemical similarities between soluble and membrane-bound calcium-dependent protein kinases of barley. | the soluble and membrane-bound forms of the calcium-dependent protein kinase from barley leaves (hordeum vulgare l. cv. borsoy) have been partially purified and compared. both forms showed an active polypeptide of 37 kilodaltons on activity gels with incorporated histone as substrate. they eluted from chromatofocusing columns at an identical isoelectric point of ph 4.25 +/- 0.2, and also comigrated on several other chromatographic affinity media including matrex gel blue a, histone-agarose, phen ... | 1990 | 16667406 |
| separation, purification, and comparative properties of chloroplast and cytoplasmic phosphoglycerate kinase from barley leaves. | the chloroplast and cytoplasmic isoenzymes of phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) (ec. 2.7.2.3) from hordeum vulgare leaves have been separated and purified for the first time to apparent homogeneity. the method for purifying the isoenzymes is described here and consists of deae sephacel chromatography followed by affinity chromatography on atp sepharose. this consistently provided a 500- to 900-fold purification of each isoenzyme. most of the total pgk in green barley leaves was found to be in the ch ... | 1990 | 16667476 |
| calcium and proton transport in membrane vesicles from barley roots. | ca(2+) uptake by membrane fractions from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv cm72) roots was characterized. uptake of (45)ca(2+) was measured in membrane vesicles obtained from continuous and discontinuous sucrose gradients. a single, large peak of ca(2+) uptake coincided with the peak of proton transport by the tonoplast h(+)-atpase. depending on the concentration of ca(2+) in the assay, ca(2+) uptake was inhibited 50 to 75% by those combinations of ionophores and solutes that eliminated the ph gradi ... | 1990 | 16667684 |
| comparison of gibberellins in normal and slender barley seedlings. | gibberellins a(1), a(3), a(8), a(19), a(20), and a(29) were identified by full scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in leaf sheath segments of 7-day-old barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv golden promise) seedlings grown at 20 degrees c under long days. in a segregating population of barley, cv herta (cb 3014), containing the recessive slender allele, (sln 1) the concentration of ga(1) and ga(3) was reduced by 10-fold and 6-fold, respectively, in rapidly growing homozygous slender, compared with ... | 1990 | 16667686 |
| ozone episodes in southern lower saxony (frg) and their impact on the susceptibility of cereals to fungal pathogens. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and spring barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants were exposed to simulated ozone (o(3)) episodes (7 h day(-1) for 7 days) at maximum concentrations of 120, 180 and 240 microg m(-3) o(3), in comparison to a charcoal-filtered air control. fumigations were conducted in four closed chambers placed in a climate room. exposures took place prior to inoculation of the plants with six different facultative leaf pathogens. on wheat, significant enhancement of leaf attack b ... | 1990 | 15092225 |
| effects on adaptedness of variations in ribosomal dna copy number in populations of wild barley (hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). | twenty alleles, 12 at mendelian locus rrn1 and 8 at locus rrn2, control rrna genes [ribosomal dna (rdna)] variability in barley. these alleles differ strikingly in their effects on adaptedness. in the present study, we determined variation in the copy number of 101 accessions of wild barley plants from 10 ecologically diverse sites in israel and examined relationships between rdna copy number and adaptedness. the average multiplicity of rdna per haploid genome was 1881 copies and the average num ... | 1990 | 2247443 |
| genomic rna of an insect virus directs synthesis of infectious virions in plants. | newly synthesized virions of flock house virus (fhv), an insect nodavirus, were detected in plant cells inoculated with fhv rna. fhv was found in whole plants of barley (hordeum vulgare), cowpea (vigna sinensis), chenopodium (chenopodium hybridum), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), and nicotiana benthamiana and in protoplasts derived from barley leaves. virions produced in plants contained newly synthesized rna as well as newly synthesized capsid protein. these results show that the intracellular env ... | 1990 | 2296598 |
| the genetics of host-pathogen coevolution: implications for genetic resource conservation. | the results of long-term studies of coevolution in the hordeum vulgare-rhynchosporium secalis pathosystem are summarized. the genetic systems of barley (host) and r. secalis (pathogen) are complementary: gene-for-gene interactions among loci affect many traits, leading to self-regulating adjustments over generations between host and pathogen populations. different pathotypes differ widely in their ability to damage the host, and different host-resistance alleles differ widely in their ability to ... | 1990 | 2332610 |
| expression of resistance to barley stripe mosaic virus in barley and oat protoplasts. | mesophyll protoplasts from both susceptible and resistant hosts were inoculated with rna purified from barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) strains cv52 and cv42 using the polyethylene glycol (peg) method. protoplasts derived from the susceptible hordeum vulgare l. cv. black hulless were susceptible to both bsmv strains, as indicated by fluorescein isothiocyanate staining and elisa. more than 80% of protoplasts derived from an oat cultivar resistant to cv52, but not to cv42, were readily infected b ... | 1990 | 2391502 |
| two ubiquitin-long-tail fusion genes arranged as closely spaced direct repeats in barley. | ubiquitin (ubi) genes encode two types of fusion proteins: polyubi with a varying number of direct repeats of ubi, and ubi-tail fusions with long or short basic c-terminal extensions. a barley (hordeum vulgare) genomic clone has been isolated with two very similar, intronless genes encoding monoubi-long-tail fusion peptides. the genes are arranged as direct repeats separated by 3 kb of dna and account for two of the probable three long-tail genes in the haploid barley genome. both genes are acti ... | 1990 | 1701748 |
| transient expression of the β-glucuronidase gene introduced into barley coleoptile cells by microinjection. | a β-glucuronidase gene was introduced directly into barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. kobinkatagi) coleoptile cells by microinjection and transient expression of the gene was examined. inner epidermis tissue of coleoptiles was excised and injected with plasmid dna, pbi221, carrying cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, β-glucuronidase gene, and a nopaline synthase polyadenylation region. histochemical assay for β-glucuronidase production showed positive enzyme activity only in coleoptile cells inj ... | 1990 | 24226937 |
| delivery of foreign genes to intact barley cells by high-velocity microprojectiles. | foreign dna was introduced through the cell walls of intact suspension culture cells of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) by utilizing the particle acceleration approach. dna-coated microscopic tungsten particles were accelerated to velocities that permitted their penetration of intact cells. chimaeric constructs of β-glucuronidase and neomycin phosphotransferase ii under the control of the dual agrobacterium tr 1'2' promoter or the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter served as reporter genes. three ... | 1989 | 24227026 |
| the gene for trypsin inhibitor cme is regulated in trans by the lys 3a locus in the endosperm of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | a cdna encoding trypsin inhibitor cme from barley endosperm has been cloned and characterized. the longest open reading frame of the cloned cdna codes for a typical signal peptide of 24 residues followed by a sequence which is identical to the known amino acid sequence of the inhibitor, except for an ile/leu substitution at position 59. southern blot analysis of wheat-barley addition lines has shown that chromosome 3h of barley carries the gene for cme. this protein is present at less than 2%-3% ... | 1989 | 2516240 |
| transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat. | methods have been developed for the isolation of aleurone protoplasts from developing caryopses of hordeum vulgare and triticum aestivum in order to study transient expression of introduced genes. chimaeric gene constructs were introduced into aleurone protoplasts by polyethylene glycol (peg). transient expression directed by the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) of the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) was detected in aleurone protoplasts from devel ... | 1989 | 2562757 |
| genotoxicity of azidoalanine in mammalian cells. | sodium azide mutagenesis is mediated through a metabolic intermediate in bacteria and plant species. however, very little is known about the interaction of this intermediate with nucleic acids, its genotoxic potential, or its mechanism of action, especially in mammalian cells. chinese hamster cells and normal human skin fibroblasts were treated with extracts from salmonella typhimurium or hordeum vulgare (barley) containing a crude mutagenic metabolite, as well as with synthetically produced azi ... | 1989 | 2651118 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cdna coding for the nadph-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (pcr) of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and its expression in escherichia coli. | the primary structure of the nadph-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase of barley has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a cloned full-length cdna. this cdna hybridizes to a 1.7 kb rna whose steady-state level in dark-grown seedlings is drastically reduced upon illumination. the predicted amino acid sequence (388 residues in length) includes a transit peptide of 74 amino acids whose end point has been delimited by sequencing the n-terminus of the mature protein. expression of the cdna in ... | 1989 | 2671659 |
| coevolution of host and pathogen populations in the hordeum vulgare-rhynchosporium secalis pathosystem. | isolates of rhynchosporium secalis collected from two experimental barley populations were scored for putative isozyme, colony color, and virulence loci. allelic frequencies, multilocus haplotype frequencies, and multilocus genetic structure differed in the two populations of r. secalis; haplotypes also differed widely from each other in virulence. the average virulence of isolates collected from the more resistant host population was greater than the average virulence of the isolates collected ... | 1989 | 2726757 |
| effects of ddt on the growth of crop plants. | the effects of ddt on the germination and growth of plants were studied using many crop species. of the species tested, oil-rich seeds of plants, such as peanut (arachis hypogaea) and mustard (brassica juncea), were more prone to ddt induced inhibition of germination and subsequent plant growth than cereals, pulses and fibre crops, like rice (oryza sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), mung bean vigna radiata), pigeon pea (cajanus cajan) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). studies with (14)c labelled ... | 1989 | 15092369 |
| cloning of cdna sequences encoding the calcium-binding protein, calmodulin, from barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | full- and partial-length cdnas encoding calmodulin mrna have been cloned and sequenced from barley (hordeum vulgare l.). barley leaf mrna, size-fractionated in sucrose density gradients, was used to synthesize double-stranded cdna. the cdna was cloned in lambdagt10 and screened with a synthetic, 14-nucleotide oligonucleotide probe, which was designed using the predicted coding sequences of the carboxy termini of spinach and wheat calmodulin proteins. the primary structure of barley calmodulin, p ... | 1989 | 16666833 |
| enhanced-peroxidatic activity in specific catalase isozymes of tobacco, barley, and maize. | separation of catalase isozymes from leaf extracts of three diverse plant species (nicotiana sylvestris, zea mays, hordeum vulgare l.) revealed a distinct isozyme with enhanced peroxidatic activity (30-, 70-, 28-fold over typical catalase, respectively) which constituted 10 to 20% of the total catalase activity. in maize this isozyme is the product of the cat3 gene, which is expressed only in mesophyll cells (as tsaftaris, am bosabalidis, jg scandalios [1983] proc natl acad sci usa 80: 4455-4459 ... | 1989 | 16667141 |
| evidence for a universal pathway of abscisic acid biosynthesis in higher plants from o incorporation patterns. | previous labeling studies of abscisic acid (aba) with (18)o(2) have been mainly conducted with water-stressed leaves. in this study, (18)o incorporation into aba of stressed leaves of various species was compared with (18)o labeling of aba of turgid leaves and of fruit tissue in different stages of ripening. in stressed leaves of all six species investigated, avocado (persea americana), barley (hordeum vulgare), bean (phaseolus vulgaris), cocklebur (xanthium strumarium), spinach (spinacia olerac ... | 1989 | 16667222 |
| molecular characterization of the diurnal/circadian expression of the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins in leaves of tomato and other dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species. | diurnal oscillations of steady-state mrna levels encoding the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins were monitored inlycopersicon esculentum, glycine max, phaseolus vulgaris, p. aureus, p. coccineus, pisum sativum, sinapis alba, hordeum vulgare, triticum aestivum andzea mays. in these plant speciescab mrna accumulation increases and decreases periodically indicating i) that the expression of the genes for chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (cab genes) is controlled by a circadian rhythm, and ii) that t ... | 1989 | 24201838 |
| differences in the anaerobic lactate-succinate production and in the changes of cell sap ph for plants with high and low resistance to anoxia. | anaerobically treated seedlings of oryza sativa l. var arborio accumulated in their shoots more succinate than lactate and cell sap became alkaline. conversely, in triticum aestivum l. var mek 86 lactate accumulation was far higher than that of succinate and cell sap was acidified. anoxia clearly induced proton consumption in both species as an important means to prevent or counteract acidosis. other species studied were: echinochloa crus-galli l. beauv., zea mays l. var de kalb xl75, secale cer ... | 1989 | 16666751 |
| cultivar-related differences in the distribution of cell-wall-bound thionins in compatible and incompatible interactions between barley and powdery mildew. | leaf-specific thionins of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) have been identified as a novel class of cell-wall proteins toxic to plant-pathogenic fungi and possibly involved in the defence mechanism of plants. the distribution of these polypeptides has been studied in the host-pathogen system of barley and erisyphe graminis dc.f.sp. hordei marchal (powdery mildew). immunogold-labelling of thionins in several barley cultivars indicates that resistance or susceptibility may be attributed to the presence ... | 1989 | 24201519 |
| suitability of small grains as hosts of meloidogyne species. | seven cultivars of wheat, five of oat, one of rye, and four of barley were tested as hosts for meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, or m. arenaria under greenhouse conditions where soil temperature ranged from 21 to 34 c. reproduction rates of all nematode species were high on all cultivars, except m. javanica and m. arenaria on 'brooks' and 'florida 501' oat. meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica produced more eggs on roots of 'rutgers' tomato than on cultivars of wheat, oat, rye, or barley. | 1989 | 19287666 |
| purification and preliminary characterization of sucrose-phosphate synthase using monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies specific for sucrose phosphate synthase (sps; ec 2.4.1.14) have been obtained for the first time. three independent clones have been isolated which inhibited spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaf sps activity and facilitated the enzyme purification by immunoprecipitation. all three clones were specific for the spinach enzyme but neither inhibited nor precipitated the sps present in tissue extracts of maize (zea mays l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), soybean (glycine max l.), ... | 1989 | 16666575 |
| photoinhibition at low temperature in chilling-sensitive and -resistant plants. | photoinhibition resulting from exposure at 7 degrees c to a moderate photon flux density (300 micromoles per square meter per second, 400-700 nanometers) for 20 hours was measured in leaves of annual crops differing widely in chilling tolerance. the incidence of photoinhibition, determined as the decrease in the ratio of induced to total chlorophyll fluorescence emission at 693 nanometers (f(v)/f(max)) measured at 77 kelvin, was not confined to chilling-sensitive species. the extent of photoinhi ... | 1989 | 16666971 |
| a comparison between quin-2 and aequorin as indicators of cytoplasmic calcium levels in higher plant cell protoplasts. | assessment of the regulation of plant metabolism by the calcium ion requires a knowledge of its intracellular levels and dynamics. technical problems have prevented direct measurement of the concentration of intracellular ca(2+) in plant cells in all but a few cases. in this study we show that electropermeabilized protoplasts of daucus carota and hordeum vulgare took up the ca(2+) indicating fluorescent dye methoxyquinoline(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid (quin-2) and the ca(2+) ... | 1989 | 16666797 |
| gas-exchange of ears of cereals in response to carbon dioxide and light : ii. occurrence of a c3-c 4 intermediate type of photosynthesis. | data for the maximum carboxylation velocity of ribulose-1,5-biosphosphate carboxylase, vm, and the maximum rate of whole-chain electron transport, jm, were calculated according to a photosynthesis model from the co2 response and the light response of co2 uptake measured on ears of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. arkas), oat (avena sativa l. cv. lorenz), and barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. aramir). the ratio jm/vm is lower in glumes of oat and awns of barley than it is in the bracts of wheat and i ... | 1989 | 24212745 |
| gas exchange of ears of cereals in response to carbon dioxide and light : i. relative contributions of parts of the ears of wheat, oat, and barley to the gas exchange of the whole organ. | one cultivar each of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. arkas), oat (avena sativa l. cv. lorenz), and barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. aramir) was chosen in order to study the relative contributions of individual bracts to the gas exchange of whole ears. the distribution and frequency of the stomata on the bracts were examined. gas exchange was measured at normal atmospheric co2 (330 μbar) and at high co2 (2000 μbar) on intact ears and on ears from which glumes or lemmas and pleae (wheat and o ... | 1989 | 24212553 |
| soluble and bound apoplastic activity for peroxidase, beta-d-glucosidase, malate dehydrogenase, and nonspecific arylesterase, in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and oat (avena sativa l.) primary leaves. | an intercellular washing solution containing about 1% of the soluble protein, 0.3% or less of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, but up to 20% of the peroxidase and beta-d-glucosidase activity of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) or oat (avena sativa l.) primary leaves was obtained by vacuum infiltrating peeled leaves with ph 6.9 buffered 200 millimolar nacl. after this wash, segments were homogenized in buffer, centrifuged, and the supernatant was assayed for soluble cytoplasmic enzymes. ... | 1989 | 16666733 |
| elimination of the adverse effects of urea fertilizer on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil. | the rapidly increasing importance of urea fertilizer in world agriculture has stimulated research to find methods of reducing the problems associated with the use of this fertilizer. one of these problems is that urea has adverse effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil. because there is evidence that these adverse effects are caused largely, if not entirely, by ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea fertilizer by soil urease, we explored the possibility ... | 1988 | 16593951 |
| iron assimilation in plants: reduction of a ferriphytosiderophore by nadh:nitrate reductase from squash. | nadh:nitrate reductase (ec 1.6.6.1) from squash (cucurbita maxima duch., cv. buttercup) can catalyze the reduction of a ferriphytosiderophore from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. europa). maximal activity occurs at ph 6, with an apparentk m andv max of 76 μm and 21 nmol·min(-1)·(mg protein)(-1), respectively. the ferriphytosiderophore strongly inhibits nitrate reduction catalyzed by nitrate reductase at the optimal ph for nitrate reduction, i.e. 7.5. on the contrary, nitrate is a poor inhibitor o ... | 1988 | 24226694 |
| chloroplast biogenesis 60 : conversion of divinyl protochlorophyllide to monovinyl protochlorophyllide in green(ing) barley, a dark monovinyl/light divinyl plant species. | in higher plants, most of the chlorophyll a is formed via the divinyl and monovinyl chlorophyll monocarboxylic biosynthetic routes. these two routes are strongly interconnected prior to protochlorophyllide formation in barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv morex), a dark monovinyl-light divinyl plant species, but not in cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv beit alpha mr), a dark divinyl-light divinyl plant species (bc tripathy, ca rebeiz, 1986 j biol chem 261: 13556-13564). it is shown that in dark monovinyl ... | 1988 | 16666133 |
| the use of a chloride-sensitive fluorescent probe to measure chloride transport in isolated tonoplast vesicles. | a fluorescence method for the direct measurement of cl(-) transport in isolated tonoplast vesicles is described. this technique utilises the cl(-)-sensitive fluorescent compound, 6-methoxy-1-(3-sulfonatopropyl)quinolinium (spq). this is a water-soluble compound with excitation and emission wavelengths of 350 and 440 nm, respectively. its fluorescence is quenched by cl(-), br(-), i(-), scn(-), no 2 (-) and tetraphenylborate but not by no 3 (-) , so 4 (2-) , iminodiacetate or malate. these effects ... | 1988 | 24220941 |
| uptake of lucifer yellow ch into intact barley roots: evidence for fluid-phase endocytosis. | intact barley (hordeum vulgare l.) roots have been shown to take up the highly fluorescent dye lucifer yellow ch (lych) into their cell vacuoles. in the apical 1 cm of root tip, differentiating and dividing cells showed a prolific uptake of lych into their provacuoles. the lych was retained during fixation, apparently becoming bound to electron-dense material in the vacuoles. the dye freely entered the apoplast of roots in which the casparian band was not developed, being taken up into the vacuo ... | 1988 | 24220951 |
| the activity of powdery-mildew haustoria after feeding the host cells with different sugars, as measured with a potentiometric cyanine dye. | the biotrophic parasite erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei produces haustoria within the cells of its host hordeum vulgare. to determine the physiological activity of these haustoria, the electric potential across the membranes in the mitochondria of the haustorium was studied. the membrane potential was estimated with the fluorescent potentiometric cyanine dye 3,3'-dibutyloxacarbocyanine iodide. the addition of depolarizing agents (carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, 2,4-dinitrophenol or kcn) ... | 1988 | 24221486 |
| chloroplast dna diversity in populations of wild and cultivated barley. | chloroplast dna (cpdna) diversity was found within and among populations (245 accessions total) of wild barley, hordeum vulgare l. ssp. spontaneum koch from israel and iran. three polymorphic restriction sites (hindiii, ecori, bcli) which define three distinct cpdna lineages were detected. one lineage is common to populations in the hule valley and kinneret of northern israel, and in iran. the second lineage is found predominantly in the lower jordan valley and negev. the distribution of the thi ... | 1988 | 2906305 |
| two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized ph gradients of leaf proteins from barley (hordeum vulgare): method, reproducibility and genetic aspects. | leaf proteins from 14 barley cultivars (hordeum vulgare) were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized ph gradients (ipg 4-7 and ipg 6-10) in the first dimension. highly reproducible two-dimensional patterns were obtained, owing to constant spot positions along the isoelectric focusing axis. a number of variety-specific protein spots were detected, allowing us to discriminate barley cultivars not only into main groups but into individual cultivars. | 1988 | 3250872 |
| optimal conditions for the use of cdna probes to measure the concentration of barley yellow dwarf virus in barley (hordeum vulgare). | experiments which optimise the conditions for the measurement of the relative concentration of bydv in barley (hordeum vulgare) tissues using cdna probes are described herein. these studies have shown that both the ph of the buffer and the ratio of buffer to tissue used to homogenise plant material greatly affects the amount of cdna probe which hybridises to leaf extracts immobilised on nitrocellulose. these studies also showed that the measurement of this virus was greatly facilitated by using ... | 1988 | 3372676 |
| the a- and b-chains of carboxypeptidase i from germinated barley originate from a single precursor polypeptide. | carboxypeptidase i from germinated barley (hordeum vulgare) grain consists of two peptide chains linked by disulfides; the a- and b-chains contain 266 and 148 amino acid residues, respectively (sorensen, s. b., breddam, k., and svendsen, i. (1986) carlsberg res. commun. 51, 475-485). a cdna library prepared from mrna isolated from scutella of 2-day germinated barley has now been screened with a mixed oligonucleotide encoding a peptide fragment of the a-chain. nucleotide sequence analysis of a 14 ... | 1988 | 3403516 |
| separation and immunological characterization of membrane fractions from barley roots. | tonoplast and plasma membranes (pm) were isolated from barley roots (hordeum vulgare l. cv california mariout 72) using sucrose step gradients. the isolation procedure yielded sufficient quantities of pm and tonoplast vesicles that were sealed and of the right orientation to measure atp-dependent proton transport in vitro. the proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum, tonoplast-plus-golgi membrane (tg) and pm fractions were separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, and immunoblots were used to test ... | 1988 | 16665976 |
| comparative assessment of genetic diversity in wild and primitive cultivated barley in a center of diversity. | wild barley (hordeum spontaneum k.) and indigenous primitive varieties of cultivated barley (hordeum vulgare l.), collected from 43 locations in four eastern mediterranean countries, jordan, syria, turkey and greece, were electrophoretically assayed for genetic diversity at 16 isozyme loci. contrary to a common impression, cultivated barley populations were found to maintain a level of diversity similar to that in its wild progenitor species. apportionment of overall diversity in the region show ... | 1988 | 17246441 |
| longidorus breviannulatus as a vector for brome mosaic virus. | 1987 | 19290121 | |
| investigations of the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, from maryland. | the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, recently detected in maryland, was investigated. a total of 269 plant entries, representing 68 families, 172 genera, and 204 species, was inoculated with cysts or a mixture of eggs and second-stage juveniles of h. zeae. the host range of the maryland population of h. zeae was limited to plants of the gramineae and included 11 tribes, 33 genera, 42 species, and 77 entries. all 22 corn (zea mays) cultivars tested were hosts. other economic ... | 1987 | 19290286 |
| polyamine changes during senescence and tumorogenesis in plants. | putrescine, spermidine, spermine and two unknowns designated as a and b were detected in first seedling leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare l. var. wolfe). the levels of these polyamines in first seedling leaves from 4-day-old barley plants grown in darkness or in light were comparable and did not change significantly after exposure of dark grown plants to light for 24 h. no significant consistent changes in the amounts of above polyamines, except perhaps decline in spermidine, were noted during s ... | 1987 | 3695590 |
| identification of a chloroplast-encoded 9-kda polypeptide as a 2[4fe-4s] protein carrying centers a and b of photosystem i. | an improved procedure is reported for large-scale preparation of photosystem i (ps-i) vesicles from thylakoid membranes of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). the ps-i vesicles contain polypeptides of molecular masses 82, 18, 16, 14, and 9 kda in an apparent molar ratio of 4:2:2:1:2. the 18-, 16-, and 9-kda polypeptides were purified to homogeneity after exposure of the ps-i vesicles to chaotropic agents. the isolated 9-kda polypeptide binds 65-70% of the zero-valence sulfur of denatured ps-i vesicles, ... | 1987 | 3305512 |
| the effects of salt on the pattern of protein synthesis in barley roots. | the effect of salt stress on the incorporation of [(35)s]methionine into protein was examined in roots of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv california mariout 72). plants were grown in nutrient solution with or without 200 millimolar nacl. roots of intact plants were labeled in vivo and proteins were extracted and analyzed by fluorography of two-dimensional gels. although the protein patterns for control and salt-stressed plants were qualitatively similar, the net synthesis of a number of proteins w ... | 1987 | 16665281 |
| cdna cloning of mrnas induced in resistant barley during infection by erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. | near-isogenic cultivars of hordeum vulgare which differ for the mlp gene for resistance to erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei were inoculated with race 3 of this pathogen and in vitro translation products of mrna populations compared by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. this revealed the presence of new mrna species in infected leaves compared to non-inoculated controls. these new mrna species were more abundant in resistant leaves than susceptible leaves. a cdna library was prepar ... | 1987 | 24302526 |