Publications

the general intelligence and spatial abilities of gifted young belgian chess players.	thirty-three tournament-level young belgian chess players aged 8 to 13 were tested with the french wisc (wechsler intelligence scale for children). the mean full scale iq = 121, verbal iq = 109 and performance iq = 129. the results suggest that a high level of general intelligence and of spatial ability are necessary to achieve a high standard of play in chess. the high spatial ability of these young chess players suggested by the high performance iqs may go some way towards explaining why males ...	1992	1611410
working memory.	the term working memory refers to a brain system that provides temporary storage and manipulation of the information necessary for such complex cognitive tasks as language comprehension, learning, and reasoning. this definition has evolved from the concept of a unitary short-term memory system. working memory has been found to require the simultaneous storage and processing of information. it can be divided into the following three subcomponents: (i) the central executive, which is assumed to be ...	1992	1736359
fat suppression with an improved selective presaturation pulse.	chemical shift selective (chess) imaging is an efficient and easily implemented technique for suppression of the fat component in clinical images. a gaussian pulse is widely used as the selective presaturation pulse in the chess technique. however, a gaussian pulse hardly performs well even if the magnetic field is very carefully shimmed. in clinical applications, the fat and water peaks are always inhomogeneously broadened. we have analyzed the performance of the gaussian pulse in the presence ...	1992	1545681
hemispheric specialization for skilled perceptual organization by chessmasters.	the right cerebral hemisphere may be relatively specialized for parsing simple visual stimuli according to default rules, such as the gestalt laws of perceptual organization, whereas the left cerebral hemisphere may be relatively specialized for overriding such default rules. we extend this model to 'semantically rich domains' by performing a divided-visual-field experiment on 16 chessmasters. such subjects are able to recall and recognize complex chess positions by chunking the basic elements o ...	1992	1738469
"chess-board pattern" spatial modulation of magnetization. assessment of myocardial function.	heart motion is a complex combination of translation, rotation, and concentric contraction. evaluation of these complex motions has been difficult using conventional slice-selective methods. noninvasive tagging of the heart has been obtained by the use of slice-selective radiofrequency pulses. through spatial modulation of the magnetization the entire image can be labeled in different patterns. two new pulse sequences are presented, giving a chess-board like spatial modulation. these pulse seque ...	1992	1731837
children and chess expertise: the role of calibration.	three studies of calibration are reported. calibration refers to the accuracy with which one can predict one's own performance. in the first study child chess players, non-chess playing parents, and statistics students were asked to predict chances of winning chess games against hypothetical opponents. these subjective probabilities were compared to the actual probabilities, based on the elo rating system. better players' predictions were better calibrated. confidence and ratings are negatively ...	1992	1603888
learned helplessness in chess players: the importance of task similarity and the role of skill.	the effects of noncontingency between subjects' responses and outcomes were examined with respect to treatment-and-posttest similarity and skill in the task. the experimental design consisted of three groups. the first group had to solve chess problems with objective solutions and received veridical feedback; each member of the second group faced problems with no objective solutions, and received the same feedback as the member of the first group he was yoked with, but without any control on it; ...	1992	1603887
error in chess: the apperception-restructuring view.	five protocol-analysis experiments with tactical, endgame, and strategic positions were conducted to study cognitive errors in chess players' thinking. it will be argued that chess players' errors can be only partially explained in terms of unspecified working-memory overload, because the working-memory loads caused by the solution paths are usually small. it is therefore necessary to consider apperceptive mechanisms also, as these control information intake. subjects fail either because they ar ...	1992	1603886
combined chemical-shift and phase-selective imaging for fat suppression: theory and initial clinical experience.	incomplete fat suppression with a chemical-shift-selective (chess) or phase-selective (dixon) technique is partially due to the olefinic fat component, which precesses at the same frequency as water. the authors developed a new method of fat suppression--the opposed-fat saturation (op-es) sequence--that combines both techniques to obtain superior fat saturation. fat suppression was verified in phantom studies, which showed that the chess portion can eliminate most of the aliphatic fat signal exc ...	1991	1887054
the 'sicilian gambit'. a new approach to the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs based on their actions on arrhythmogenic mechanisms. the task force of the working group on arrhythmias of the european society of cardiology.	the queen's gambit is an opening move in chess that provides a variety of aggressive options to the player electing it. this report represents a similar gambit (the 'sicilian gambit') on the part of a group of basic and clinical investigators who met in taormina, sicily, to consider the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs. paramount to their considerations were (1) dissatisfaction with the options offered by existing classification systems for inspiring and directing research, development and ...	1991	1723682
the sicilian gambit. a new approach to the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs based on their actions on arrhythmogenic mechanisms. task force of the working group on arrhythmias of the european society of cardiology.	the queen's gambit is an opening move in chess that provides a variety of aggressive options to the player electing it. this report represents a similar gambit (the sicilian gambit) on the part of a group of basic and clinical investigators who met in taormina, sicily to consider the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs. paramount to their considerations were 1) dissatisfaction with the options offered by existing classification systems for inspiring and directing research, development, and th ...	1991	1717173
aspects of skilled imagery in blindfold chess.	blindfold chess is a very good task environment to study skill-based mental images or skilled imagery. seven experiments providing information on different aspects of skilled imagery in blindfold chess were made. in all experiments very clear skill-related differences in the operation of chess-specific materials could be found. it will also be argued that chess-specific patterns or chunks are important in skilled subjects' construction of images and the operation of these images relies on the co ...	1991	1950637
factor structure of temperament in the third year of life.	the hypothesis that the nine dimensions of temperament defined by chess and thomas (1984) would emerge in a principal components analysis of maternal descriptions of 763 two-year-olds in a longitudinal study was not confirmed. the only component that bore any resemblance to the a priori dimensions of temperament proposed by chess and thomas was the sixth component--defining rhythmicity--in a promax rotation. a higher order rotation to a two-factor solution produced components representing sociab ...	1991	1757784
rook's tour representation of the genetic code.	disconnected recurrences of the stop signal, serine and arginine appear in the original representation of the genetic code, and of the stop signal, arginine, serine and leucine in the codon ring representation. to achieve connectedness along with structural continuity, a rook's tour representation is presented here. on the basis of structural similarities and disparities in their side groups, each of the 20 amino acids is associated with a domain comprised of from one to six contiguous squares o ...	1991	1958894
cognitive advantage in sport: the nature of perceptual structures.	to extend and clarify the nature of the perceptual processes used by sport experts to perceive schematic sport information, two experiments used schematic football diagrams that varied in structure (structured vs. unstructured) and complexity (complex vs. easy). the primary objective was to examine and characterize the nature of the perceptual structures (chunks) that are initially encoded, stored, and subsequently retrieved. in experiment 1, compared with nonexperts, experts recalled larger per ...	1991	1862820
the canadian hospital executive simulation system (chess).	the canadian hospital executive simulation system (chess) is a computer-based management decision-making game designed specifically for canadian hospital managers. the paper begins with an introduction on the development of business and health services industry-specific simulation games. an overview of chess is provided, along with a description of its development and a discussion of its educational benefits.	1991	10109530
structure of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 refined at 2.25 a resolution.	the structure of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 has been refined at 2.25 a resolution using high resolution measurements made with the synchrotron beam at chess. the synchrotron data were collected photographically by oscillation methods (r-merge = 0.08). these were combined with lower order diffractometer data for refinement purposes. the structure was refined using restrained least-squares methods with the program prolsq to a crystallographic r-value of 0.175. the structure includes 105 water m ...	1991	1856869
[the impact of psychological stress on somatic and biochemical parameters in an atypical sports discipline].	the subject of our interest was to investigate the response of the organism to mental strain in an atypical sports discipline. to this end we examined 10 chess players. we assessed their pulse rate at rest, before a contest, immediately after the contest and after 5 mins. recovery. statistical evaluation revealed an increased heart rate before the contest, as compared with rest at a level of significance of 0.01; after the contest as compared with the status before the contest at a level of 0.02 ...	1990	2289280
type a behavior, competitive achievement-striving, and cheating among college students.	the present study examined the cheating behavior in competitive and noncompetitive situations of 40 college students classified as type a (16 women, 24 men) and 40 as type b (19 women, 21 men). type a-scoring students were more likely to cheat than type b-scoring students irrespective of competition. the results suggest that in some situations, especially where expectations for success cannot be met, type a-scoring students may cheat to achieve success.	1990	2349335
to challenge the chess master.		1990	2309016
[the use of a new plastic method for consolidating a preternatural anus as prevention in paracolostomy hernias].	once the stage of extraperitoneal evasion of the sigmoid has been achieved for definitive preternatural anus, transsection is made of the aponeurosis of m. obliqu. ext. abdominis along its tendon fibers at a length of 5-6 cm. then an aperture is made along the muscle fibers with the same length on m. obliqu. int. abdominis and m. transversus abdominis as well and finally f. transversalis is transsected. the peritoneum is intra-abdominally detached from the fascia beneath and alongside the apertu ...	1990	2204750
the effects of noise on vision efficiency.	the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between intensity, noise duration and non-auditory effect represented by changes both in visual acuity and the near point of accommodation. changes in vision efficiency determined by a black and white chess board were monitored during and after 1 h exposure to 4 levels of noise: 90 db-a, 93 db-a, 96 db-a or 99 db-a and 2 h exposure to 96 db-a. results indicated that vision impairment can be attributed to a complex relationship between the i ...	1990	2130868
cns and pns effects of nimodipine.	calcium ions play a decisive role in a large number of processes dealing with development, regeneration after damage, and aging of elements of the nervous system. nimodipine, a member of the 1,4-dihydropyridine chess of calcium-channel blockers, has proved to influence the calcium metabolism of neurons. this review focuses on the results of recent studies on the role of nimodipine in both the central and peripheral nervous system, during or after events that threaten the integrity or function of ...	1990	2074438
reconstruction of postburn sequelae with expanded flaps.	the reconstruction of important skin shortages can only be done with local tissue after expansion has provided the skin demanded by the procedure. none the less, it is pointed out that the most important commitment is the planning of all the steps in the reconstruction, like a chess game, and the management of the expanded skin in the classical way as rotation, transposition, and advancement flaps. nineteen patients with extensive alopecia and three patients with deformities of body contour and ...	1989	2624699
efficacy of tianeptine in anxious-depressed patients: results of a controlled multicenter trial versus amitriptyline.	265 adult outpatients with dysthymic disorder (dsm-iii) associated with clinically manifest anxiety (according to fda criteria) were included in a multicenter, randomized double-blind study. the trial consisted of three phases: placebo pretreatment phase and inclusion in the trial, treatment phase, placebo posttreatment phase. patients were treated in monotherapy for 42 days with a mean dosage of 3 tablets per day corresponding to 37.5 mg/day of tianeptine or 75 mg/day of amitriptyline respectiv ...	1989	2700774
isolated cyclovertical muscle palsy: a simplified algorithm for interpreting the three-step test.	a simplified algorithm is presented for determining the palsied cyclovertical muscle, once the three-step test is completed. the examiner is required only to remember the three-step test characteristics of two muscles (right superior oblique, left inferior oblique) and the knight's move in chess.	1989	2631301
temperament and individuality: a study of malay children.	malay parents of 40 infants and preschool children were interviewed using translations of temperament questionnaires by thomas and chess, and by carey. similarities and differences between malay children and previously studied american children are discussed, and relationships suggested among temperament ratings and malay child-rearing practices and values.	1989	2764073
[the prognosis of the visual results of treating children with congenital cataracts based on visual evoked potentials].	examination of visual induced potentials on reversible chess-pattern in 46 children with bilateral congenital zonular cataracts before and after surgical intervention has revealed correlation between these potentials and degree of lens opacification. after cataract extraction, positive dynamics of the potentials was observed in case of slightly opacified lenses and was absent in intensive lens opacification. the authors consider it reasonable to use visual induced potentials for prognosticating ...	1989	2797668
localized high-resolution proton nmr spectroscopy using stimulated echoes: initial applications to human brain in vivo.	water-suppressed localized proton nmr spectroscopy using stimulated echoes has been successfully applied to detect metabolites in the human brain in vivo. the steam spectroscopy sequence allows single-step localization by exciting three intersecting slices. water suppression is achieved by preceding chemical-shift-selective (chess) rf pulses. high-resolution (0.05 ppm) proton nmr spectra of healthy volunteers have been high-resolution (0.05 ppm) proton nmr spectra of healthy volunteers have been ...	1989	2540396
model of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in man.	the first section of the model delineates the parasympathetic signal as a function of the interaction between the respiratory and the vagal neurones of the common brainstem network. the second section is a version of chess and calaresu's description of the vagus/heart period system in the sympathetically blocked cat. the sympathetic influence is introduced in the third section, taking into account the autonomic effects on the transmembrane potential of the sinoatrial pacemaker as found in the ra ...	1989	2601447
a comparison of selective saturation and selective echo chemical shift imaging techniques.	we report on a comparative study of two methods of chemical shift imaging which can be used to selectively image fat and water in vivo. both methods require a b0 field sufficiently homogenous to resolve the methylene and water spectral lines. one method, called chess, uses a chemically selective pulse to saturate the unwanted spectral line. the other method, called secsi, achieves chemical selectivity by using a soft 180 degree rf pulse in forming a spin echo image. both methods require that the ...	1988	3185136
[psychotherapy. intelligence will cheat for the benefit of feelings. interview by mette-marie davidsen].		1988	3394044
the role of theories of cognitive aging: comment on salthouse.	cognitive models of aging ought, minimally, to simulate age effects for a broad range of tasks, and their underlying assumptions ought to be constrained by existing data on cognitive mechanisms. salthouse's model (and other parallel distributed-processing network models) meets the first criterion better than it meets the second. another weakness is in its inability to account for goal-directed behavior. thus, models like that of salthouse seem best suited to the description of automatic informat ...	1988	3268238
rcn expected to meet with health secretary.	as nursing standard went to press on monday the complex political chess-game involving the health care unions and the government took a critical turn.	1988	27415491
standardized clinical evaluation of depressive and anxious symptomatology.	the main standardized instruments for clinical assessment of depression and anxiety are diagnostic criteria, rating scales, and mental tests, mainly questionnaires. the systematic use of rigorous diagnostic criteria is useful in recruiting sufficiently homogeneous patient groups for clinical research. the polydiagnostic system represents, in this perspective, a stimulating trend of research, as it is not linked to a sole nosographic reference system. some rating scales have recently been develop ...	1988	3180118
trends in temperament research.	the paper focuses on current concepts of temperament that has led to different approaches within the field of temperament research. the concept of temperament has interested scholars from ancient greece until modern european and american research teams. also in soviet psychology temperament is getting attention. in finland temperament research has advanced on two different lines. there is widespread agreement that temperament is a group of related traits and not just one trait attributed to the ...	1988	3067510
cartilage disorders: comparison of spin-echo, chess, and flash sequence mr images.	magnetic resonance (mr) imaging is known to be a suitable modality for the visualization of the hyaline cartilage and the fibrocartilage joint structures. to compare standard spin-echo (se) images with water images obtained with the chemical shift selective (chess) sequence and with the fast low angle shot (flash) sequence, examinations were performed with all three sequences in eight volunteers and 28 patients with inflammatory degenerative and traumatic alterations of the knee, hip, and sacroi ...	1987	3615875
[hygienic evaluation of the changes in work capacity of young chess players during training].		1987	2887487
tempests in a test tube: two new studies ask why scientists cheat.		1987	11649813
darwinian evolution in games with perfect information.	we consider a model of darwinian evolution in games with perfect information like chess or checkers. the evolution is viewed as a sequence of strategies, each of which wins over its immediate predecessor. we argue that the intelligence level of strategies need not necessarily increase during this type of evolution.	1987	3828402
terminal distributions along a 'knight's line' for a stochastic epidemic.	the model under consideration relates to the spread of a disease in a finite population where removal of infectives is allowed to occur. it is equivalent to a restricted random walk over a discrete grid of points interior to a trapezium. we consider an artificial barrier on the grid at which the epidemic ceases. the barrier is a semi-diagonal resembling the path of the knight in chess and allows some simplification of the analysis. in particular, we investigate the probability distribution along ...	1987	3503088
gradient reversal technique and its applications to chemical-shift-related nmr imaging.	the chemical-shift effect often degrades slice selectivity thereby degrading the contrast and spatial resolutions in a high-field nmr imaging. we propose a new pulse sequence which can compensate for this chemical-shift effect during slice selection. this technique provides correct slice definition as well as clear separation between water and lipid protons in high-field proton nmr imaging. particular applications of this technique are 2d imaging with a thin-slice selection and chunk 3d imaging, ...	1987	3613953
a model for emmetropization: predicting the progression of ametropia.	the response of a second-order feedback system is used to describe the controlling process that regulates the refraction of the human eye to achieve optimal visual acuity over the years (emmetropization). from data collected in past refractions, the equation of the feedback system has been derived for individual eyes and used to predict changes in their refraction with age with an accuracy of 0.50 diopters for 89.1% of the eyes tested. if the model is applied to other populations, the root mean ...	1987	3614846
multipurpose nmr imaging using stimulated echoes.	steam (stimulated-echo acquisition mode) imaging techniques recently introduced by the authors are demonstrated to provide a versatile tool for improving the parametric specificity in nmr imaging. stimulated echoes can be excited by a sequence of at least three rf pulses with flip angles of 90 degrees or less. the main characteristics of the steam method are based on the great functional flexibility of an imaging sequence comprising three rf pulses unequal to 180 degrees and three intervals prio ...	1986	3747817
convergence among assessments of temperament in the first month.	this study was designed to assess the potential convergence of 3 approaches to the description of temperament in the first month of life and to identify which aspects of early temperament are most meaningful to mothers. 48 newborns were tested with the brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale (nbas). 2 weeks later, mothers responded to the rothbart infant behavior questionnaire (ibq). 2 weeks thereafter, mothers were interviewed in accordance with the thomas, chess, and birch new york long ...	1986	3948594
cheat and impostor: debate following the case of the rabbit breeder.		1986	11616919
multiple chemical shift selective (chess) mr imaging using stimulated echoes.	recently, stimulated echo acquisition mode (steam) magnetic resonance (mr) imaging has been demonstrated as a new tool for multiparametric mr imaging studies. applications of the chemical shift selective (chess) steam technique using a 2.0-t whole-body mr imaging system are reported in which a series of contiguous cross-sectional images of the head and the pelvis were acquired. because selective excitation of the desired component is employed rather than elimination of the unwanted component, th ...	1986	3737919
the impact of temperament in a school setting: an epidemiological study.	the authors present the results of an epidemiological study on a large non-clinical population-based sample of french speaking seven year-old children (n = 596) whose aim was to verify if a relation exists between temperament and outward-type or inward-type behavior problems in school. the thomas and chess' parent temperament questionnaire, filled out twice by the parents over a four-week interval, was used to determine temperament. the conners teacher questionnaire, filled out twice by the teac ...	1986	3756750
[relation between sleep and processes of retention and mental activity].	the structure of nocturnal sleep was studied in two groups of subjects: the group i subjects had been given 60 unfamiliar english words to learn, whereas group ii subjects had been playing games of chess. the paradoxical sleep (ps) latency in the 1 st cycle, the type of falling into the ps, and intensity of rapid eye movements were recorded. no reliable difference was found in the sleep structure of both test groups. no correlation either was observed between the sleep characteristics and the qu ...	1986	3732546
alternative theories of development and their implications for studying the ontogeny of behavior and social adaptations: discussion of dr. chess' paper.		1986	3740326
[play, an indicator of the health of children].	africans attach much importance to the fact that their children like to play. a child who is not hungry and refuses to play is not in good health. when a sick child wants to play again one can be sure that his health is improving. thus, play can be a health indicator and can help to form a diagnosis. moreover, the way the child plays is a mental health indicator. during games one can distinguish the leaders who are mentally well-balanced, those who try to cheat and who must be carefully watched, ...	1985	4093132
chess players' intake of task-relevant cues.		1985	4088048
parallel game-tree search.	the design issues affecting a parallel implementation of the alpha-beta search algorithm are discussed with emphasis on a tree decomposition scheme that is intended for use on well ordered trees. in particular, the principal variation splitting method has been implemented, and experimental results are presented which show how such refinements as progressive deepening, narrow window searching, and the use of memory tables affect the performance of multiprocessor based chess playing programs. when ...	1985	21869282
1h nmr chemical shift selective (chess) imaging.		1985	4001160
chemical-shift-selective magnetic-resonance imaging of avascular necrosis of the femoral head.	chemical-shift-selective (chess) nuclear-magnetic-resonance (nmr) imaging is a new method for separating "water" and "fat" (ch2) resonances in proton nmr imaging. its major advantage over conventional composite nmr imaging is the contrast enhancement, which in particular allows the detection of small water-containing structures, such as vessels or joint surfaces, normally obscured by fat signals. first clinical findings in the femoral head with avascular necrosis are reported.	1985	2857422
chemical shift selective mr imaging using a whole-body magnet.	we have applied a new method for separating water and fat resonances in proton magnetic resonance (mr) imaging to human studies using a whole-body mr imaging system at 2.0 t. chemical shift selective (chess) mr imaging provides either a water or fat image in a single experimental run within the same time needed for a conventional composite image. although the technique requires a spectral resolution of about 1 ppm over the entire imaging region, first images of the human head and hip indicated t ...	1985	4011907
[an immunoenzyme method of determining benzylpenicillin in biological substrates and its antibodies in immunized animals].	lately it appeared to be necessary to develop-alternative methods for control of antibiotic therapy. detection of low molecular substances based on the immunoenzymatic assay (iea) is one of the most promising approaches to the development of such methods. the authors developed a quantitative method for determination of benzylpenicillin (bp) according to the procedure described earlier by van weemen. the bp antisera were prepared by immunization of rabbits with a conjugate of bovine serum albumin ...	1985	3888100
[methods of evaluating the efficacy of combinations of aminoglycosides with penicillins and their value for the possibility of predicting the therapeutic effect in patients].	the efficacy of the combinations of aminoglycosides and penicillin with respect to pseudomonas, klebsiella and escherichia strains was estimated with the methods of two-fold serial dilutions of aminoglycosides and constant concentrations of penicillin and the "chess board" method. correlation between the synergistic effect and sensitivity of the strains to separate components of the combinations was observed. for prediction of the combination efficacy these methods are not useful, since they are ...	1985	3927835
perceptual skill in the game of othello.	three experiments were conducted extending research on chess and go to the game of othello. experiment 1 demonstrated that expert othello players, in comparison to nonplayers of the game, are superior at recalling meaningful game configurations but are not better at recalling random positions. experiment 2 demonstrated that expert players can learn a sequence of moves from an othello game much more rapidly than nonplayers can. experiment 3 examined chunking behavior and found that experts and no ...	1984	6512719
[manifestations of the genotypic causality of human evoked potentials during perception of various visual stimuli].	intrapair resemblance of the wave form and amplitude-temporal parameters of evoked potentials (eps) to flashes, chess field, house image, the word "house" and a series of other stimuli was evaluated in 20 pairs of monozygotic and 20 pairs of homosexual dizygotic adult twins. in the occipital area the maximum of genetic dependence was characteristic of eps to flashes, the minimum--of eps--to the word "house". in vertex eps parameters genotypic effects were manifest irrespectively of the stimulus ...	1984	6541847
does part-set cuing test for memory organization? evidence from reconstructions of chess positions.		1984	6488097
[a great researcher known as a cheat (friedrich wilhelm adam sertürner)].		1984	6395179
how to cheat with the miniature wright peak flow meter.		1984	6734284
[chess, anxiety and coronary disease].		1984	6525074
how to cheat in morphology: the renal ultrafilter.	it is easy to distort the "truth" in morphological reports in order to confirm a previously established dogma by selecting from a field of view only such details which are in accordance with the dogma and by ignoring parts contradictory to it. the renal corpuscle is used in this paper as an example and as a guide to the readers for future fraud.	1984	6717316
computation of statistical secondary structure of nucleic acids.	this paper presents a computer analysis of statistical secondary structure of nucleic acids. for a given single stranded nucleic acid, we generated "structure map" which included all the annealing structures in the sequence. the map was transformed into "energy map" by rough approximation; here, the energy level of every pairing structure consisting of more than 2 successive nucleic acid pairs was calculated. by using the "energy map", the probability of occurrence of each annealed structure was ...	1984	6198622
in vitro interactions between metronidazole or tinidazole and ampicillin, doxycycline and co-trimoxazole on the effect against anaerobic bacteria.	the mutual interaction on the antibacterial activity of metronidazole and tinidazole with ampicillin, doxycycline and co-trimoxazole was studied by two-fold agar dilution series and chess-board determinations with 24 anaerobic bacterial strains which were recent clinical isolates. the nitroimidazoles had similar activity, and partial or complete synergy was observed in 83 - 88% of the strains when they were combined with ampicillin and doxycycline and 83 - 100% when combined with co-trimoxazole, ...	1984	6610923
a pawn in a chess game.		1983	6556651
nitrogen turnover and assimilation during regrowth in trifolium subterraneum l. and bromus mollis l.	subterranean clover (trifolium subterraneum l. cv woogenellup) and soft chess grass (bromus mollis l. cv blando) were grown in monocultures with (15)nh(4)cl added to the soil to study nitrogen movement during regrowth following shoot removal. four clipping treatments were imposed. essentially all available (15)n was assimilated from the soil prior to the first shoot harvest. measurements of total reduced nitrogen and (15)n contained within that nitrogen fraction in roots, crowns, and shoots at e ...	1983	16662851
[the checklist for evaluation of somatic symptoms (chess). its use in anxious and depressive pathology. factor structure].	the ch.e.s.s. is a new inventory for the assessment of somatic symptoms and complaints. initialy it included 57 items (43 somatic complaints, 12 neurological signs and 2 "other symptoms"). the ch.e.s.s. was scored before treatment on two groups of patients (133 anxious and 133 depressed) with no schizophrenic or organic symptomatology. 71 somatic complaints or symptoms were identified. a principal component analysis with a subsequent varimax rotation yelded 25 factors with 18 of clinical signifi ...	1983	6638746
chess psychology and the dentist.		1982	6959375
chess-playing computer seized by customs.		1982	17798353
recall or evaluation of chess positions as determinants of chess skill.		1982	7121245
do students cheat--or are they just good guessers?		1982	6953089
search heuristics of chess players of different calibers.	information-processing models of chess-playing ability have distinguished between players of different calibers solely in terms of perceptual encoding and recognition of chess configurations. a reanalysis of degroot's verbal protocols of 1965 indicates that players of different calibers direct their attention toward different areas of the board. grandmasters and masters consider squares that are affected by many pieces, while lesser players direct their attention toward squares on which the piec ...	1982	7180947
[maturation of evoked potentials to patterned stimuli, and sensitivity of the visual system to deprivation].	a study was made of age peculiarities of eps to spatially structurized stimuli in the shape of chess fields with different dimensions of their cells in children and juveniles with normal vision, aged from seven to seventeen. heterochroneity has been established in maturation of eps to a homogeneous and a spatially structurized stimuli. in accordance with the criterion of "maturity" of the ep to a spatially structurized stimulus, an enhanced probability of "mature" eps appearance was observed wit ...	1982	7158033
[effect of parameters of spatio-structural stimuli on evoked potentials of the visual and posterior associative regions of the cortex in man].	in subjects with normal vision, differences have been detected in the reactions of the main components (p100, n150, p200) of evoked potentials recorded in the oz and tpo leads, to homogeneous stimuli, chess fields with different sizes of cells and grids differing in area and the number of orientation stripes. the data obtained are discussed in the light of v.d. glezer's hypothesis on specialized information processing in the visual and posterior associative cortical areas and concepts on the exi ...	1982	7164577
cancer 'cheat' accepts his medicine.		1982	11655459
beyond the oedipus complex. a note on the psychology of chess.		1981	7343022
visual short-term memory and aging in chess players.	young (m = 20 years) and older (m = 54 years) equally skilled chessplayers reconstructed slides of chess diagrams shown for 1, 2, and 4 sec either immediately or following 15 sec of interpolated processing. recall was more accurate for younger players, with the gap widening as viewing time increased. interpolated processing decreased accuracy and increased retrieval time equally in the two groups. measures of chunking indicated no age-related differences. these results imply that there is an age ...	1981	7264247
oedipal motives in adolescent chess players.		1981	7276305
sex inequities cheat rns, hearing told.		1981	6908469
aging and skilled problem solving.	information-processing models of problem solving too often are based on restrictive age ranges. on the other hand, gerontologists have investigated few problem-solving tasks and have rarely generated explicit models. as this article demonstrates, both fields can benefit by closer collaboration. one major issue in gerontology is whether aging is associated with irreversible decrement or developmental plasticity. if both processes occur, then an appropriate strategy for investigating aging is to e ...	1981	6453184
computer chess: belle sweeps the board.		1980	17796039
foreign body aspiration of grass inflorescences as a cause of hemoptysis.	although the sparsity of reports in the literature suggest aspiration of grass inflorescence is rare, in certain areas of the southern united states, aspiration of this type of foreign body is not so uncommon. four cases of aspiration of hordeum pusillium, often referred to as "cheat grass" are reported: three of the four patients had hemoptysis. the highest incidence of inhaled foreign bodies usually occur in young children, but all our four patients were older children or adolescents. the clin ...	1980	7398419
[sports medical examination of top class chess players (author's transl)].	during an international chess championship tournament in munich, 14 participants were thoroughly investigated physically in order to find out generally the psychological maximum stress and the autonomic excitability as well as the circulatory conditions during the individual games and to study the metabolic load during the 18 day tournament. eight of the eleven players who participated in the blood determinations showed at least once during the competition marginal to increased cholesterol level ...	1980	6775202
cluster analysis of childhood temperament data on adoptees.	cluster analysis is used with behavioral data on 162 adoptees to assess temperament and to test the validity of the temperament typologies described by thomas and chess. data are divided into two groups by sex. results concur with the thomas-chess findings in identifying three main temperament groups: difficult, easy, and slow to warm up. membership in the difficult group predicted later childhood behavior disorder in both sexes. differing environmental factors associated with difficulty for mal ...	1980	7406035
do dental students cheat?	in a questionnaire survey, dental students from all four classes at the university of iowa college of dentistry were asked if they had cheated during their first and second years. they were then asked if they believed that others cheated. cheating was admitted to by 43 percent of the respondents, but 94 percent believed it was occurring. plagiarism was delineated as a form of cheating; while fewer students admitted to its use, the reported occurrence should be of concern in technique courses. re ...	1979	292690
[the "bad mother" to the vulnerability of the parent child relationship].	this paper summarizes the results of a longitudinal study on young asthmatic children and particularly on the mother-child relationship in this illness: at both observation times--14 to 30 months and 4 to 6 years--the majority of the children appeaed to be developing in a very adequate manner, both in the area of autonomy and opposition. similarly, in most situations, the mothers appeared quite adequate in the face of their child's illness, and mother-child relationships, generally, seemed harmo ...	1979	519629
chess: the new synchrotron radiation facility at cornell.	a new synchrotron radiation laboratory, chess, will soon be completed at cornell university. the facility will operate in a mode parasitic to high energy physics experiments on the new 8-billion-electron-volt electron-positron storage ring (cesr) at cornell. electron and positron beams have already been stored and the first photons have been extracted. when completed, the laboratory will be available to the scientific community nationally and will provide the most intense tunable source of high ...	1979	17801771
the nhi chess game.		1979	469433
tournament competition fuels computer chess.	the din in the packed arena had hardly subsided to a mild roar, when suddenly the fans exploded once again. "what a move!" screamed one nearby spectator. "how did he ever find a way through that defense?" wondered another, overcome with admiration.	1979	17814188
erratum.	in the research news article "tournament competition fuels computer chess" (29 june, p. 1396), the figure was reprodeced incorrectly. black has a third pawn on the black square immediately in front of the black king. the figure and its legend are reproduced herewith. one limitation offull-width search methods in computer chess is called the horizon effect. a human easily sees that white, although it has one less pawn, can win the game by advancing its leftmost pawn across the board, whereupon it ...	1979	17747029
effects of orienting tasks on recognition of chess positions.	two experiments using a levels-of-processing paradigm were performed to demonstrate the existence and usefulness of a semantic component in chess knowledge. experiment i compared forced-choice recognition of chess positions after a structural task (piece counting) as opposed to a semantic task (choosing a move). recognition accuracy, confidence, and familiarity ratings all showed a facilitation effect in the semantic condition. by including an orienting task that did not encourage semantic proce ...	1978	752270
algorithms, medicine, chess, and war.		1978	347109
what if the government thinks you're a medicare cheat?		1978	359970
effects of personality and situational variation in locus of control on cheating: determinants of the "congruence effect".	thirty-two male and 32 female introductory psychology students were given the opportunity to falsely report success (i.e., to cheat) on a series of objectively unsolvable achievement tasks. consistent with previous evidence, a personality x situational locus of control interaction effect, accounting for 24% of the variance, was found whereby persons classified as having generalized internal locus of control beliefs (internals) cheated more when the task was described as requiring skill while tho ...	1978	650381
chess and combat: the algorithm in medicine.		1977	579214
interactions of fosfomycin with other antibiotics.	we selected 100 strains of organisms that were isolated in our hospital, which came from pathological products and which had an mic of fosfomycin of 256 mug/ml or more and belonged to the genera klebsiella, pseudomonas, escherichia coli, serratia, enterobacter, proteus, acinetobacter, levinea and staphylococcus. we have studied the effect of the association of fosfomycin with 15 antibiotics (beta-lactamins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, etc.) and 5 chemotherapeutics. the 11 selected strains w ...	1977	832546
[effect of defocusing a visual stimulus on a human evoked potential].	a study was made of ep recorded in the visual projection area of the cerebral cortex in children with normal sight and in those with disturbed refraction when presented with blank and checkered patterns, the dimensions of the chess squares equalling 10, 20, 40, 60 and 120 angular minutes. in children with normal sight the patterns were defocussed by eyeglass lenses of --1 to +/- 6 dioptries. the investigation revealed a different ep configuration on the presentation of blank and checkered patter ...	1977	857479