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[food plants. the "latest" manioc]. 20095738487
genetic characterization of cassava (manihot esculenta) landraces in brazil assessed with simple sequence repeats.based on nine microsatellite loci, the aim of this study was to appraise the genetic diversity of 42 cassava (manihot esculenta) landraces from selected regions in brazil, and examine how this variety is distributed according to origin in several municipalities in the states of minas gerais, são paulo, mato grosso do sul, amazonas and mato grosso. high diversity values were found among the five above-mentioned regions, with 3.3 alleles per locus on an average, a high percentage of polymorphic lo ...200921637653
cassava brown streak virus (potyviridae) encodes a putative maf/ham1 pyrophosphatase implicated in reduction of mutations and a p1 proteinase that suppresses rna silencing but contains no hc-pro.the complete positive-sense single-stranded rna genome of cassava brown streak virus (cbsv; genus ipomovirus; potyviridae) was found to consist of 9,069 nucleotides and predicted to produce a polyprotein of 2,902 amino acids. it was lacking helper-component proteinase but contained a single p1 serine proteinase that strongly suppressed rna silencing. besides the exceptional structure of the 5'-proximal part of the genome, cbsv also contained a maf/ham1-like sequence (678 nucleotides, 226 amino a ...200919386713
cyanide content of cassava mash and gari flour and influence of water activity (aw) during storage. 20092713530
an investigation of microbial adhesion to natural and synthetic polysaccharide-based films and its relationship with the surface energy components.in recent years, polysaccharide-based films have been developed for many applications. some of these are in the pharmaceutical industry, where the adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces is a concern. after adhesion of a microorganism to a solid surface has taken place, the subsequent biofilm formed can act as a vehicle for spreading infections. the aim of this study is to compare the bacterial adhesion of e. coli and s. aureus from a contaminated solid model (tryptone soya agar) to a range of po ...200918712504
characterization of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (slpal5) from tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.).phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (slpal5) cdna from tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) revealed high sequence similarity to pal genes in nicotiana tabacum (92%), ipomoea nil (87%), manihot esculenta (84%), and catharanthus roseus (84%). the slpal5 gene exists as multiple copies in the tomato plant, and its transcription was strongly expressed in old leaves and flowers. from 5 days post-anthesis to the onset of ripening, slpal5 expre ...200918791854
feed preference in pigs: effect of cereal sources at different inclusion rates.the palatability of different cereals was studied in 2 two-way choice (preference) experiments using pigs of 56 d of age and 17 kg of bw. in exp. 1, the effect of 24 cereals vs. a common reference diet containing white rice on feed preference in pigs was studied. pigs were offered free choice between the reference diet and a diet with the cereal under study for 4 d. barley, corn (2 sources), wheat, cassava meal, biscuit meal, rye, sorghum, and 1 source of oats were tested at inclusion rates of 3 ...200918952740
potential uses of local feed resources for ruminants.energy and protein sources are of prime importance for ruminants as they stimulate microorganisms in the rumen and enhance the productive functions of the animals. cassava roots in the form of dry cassava chips or pellets as energy sources and dried cassava leaves and cassava hay as protein sources have been used successfully in ruminant rations. these uses of cassava could provide year-round feed which results in a high yield and good quality of milk and contribute to a more lucrative dairy and ...200919015946
protein extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis of ammonia-treated cassava leaves (manihot esculenta crantz).in the present work, cassava leaves were treated with 0.5 kg ammonia/kg dry matter at 78 degrees c and 30% moisture content in a 2-kg reactor. protein extraction was carried out with a calcium hydroxide solution (ph 10) for 30 min at several temperatures (30 degrees c, 45 degrees c, 60 degrees c, 75 degrees c, and 90 degrees c) and solid/liquid ratios (1:10 and 1:15) in a thermostatized bath. soluble protein content of the extracts was determined by lowry's method. dry substrate concentrations o ...200919067247
evaluation of a morphological marker selection and excision system to generate marker-free transgenic cassava plants.the efficacy of the ipt-type multi-auto-transformation (mat) vector system to transform the extensively grown cassava cultivar "ku50" was evaluated. this system utilizes the isopentenyltransferase (ipt) gene as morphological marker for visual selection of transgenic lines. the extreme shooty phenotype (esp) of transgenic lines is lost due to the removal of ipt gene mediated by the yeast rint/rs system. as a result, phenotypically normal shoots, considered marker-free transgenic plants, could be ...200919093119
cassava with enhanced beta-carotene maintains adequate vitamin a status in mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) despite substantial cis-isomer content.efforts to increase beta-carotene in cassava have been successful, but the ability of high-beta-carotene cassava to prevent vitamin a deficiency has not been determined. two studies investigated the bioefficacy of provitamin a in cassava and compared the effects of carotenoid content and variety on vitamin a status in vitamin a-depleted mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). gerbils were fed a vitamin a-free diet 4 weeks prior to treatment. in expt 1, treatments (ten gerbils per group) inclu ...200919138445
genetically distinct strains of cassava brown streak virus in the lake victoria basin and the indian ocean coastal area of east africa.six isolates of cassava brown streak virus (cbsv, genus ipomovirus; potyviridae) from the lake victoria basin in uganda and tanzania were characterized. virus particles were 650 nm long. the complete coat protein (cp)-encoding sequences (1,101 nucleotides, nt) were 90.7-99.5 and 93.7-99.5% identical at the nt and amino acid (aa) levels, respectively. the 3' untranslated region was 225, 226 or 227 nt long. these eight isolates were only 75.8-77.5% (nt) and 87.0-89.9% (aa) identical when compared ...200919184340
adaptability of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts to sourdoughs prepared from cereals, pseudocereals and cassava and use of competitive strains as starters.the adaptability of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and yeasts to sourdoughs prepared from cereals, pseudocereals and cassava was investigated using pcr-dgge and bacteriological culture combined with rrna gene sequence analysis. sourdoughs were prepared either from flours of the cereals wheat, rye, oat, barley, rice, maize, and millet, or from the pseudocereals amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat, or from cassava, using a starter consisting of various species of lab and yeasts. doughs were propagated unt ...200919239979
improving the performance of a continuous process for the production of ethanol from starch.in a previous work, a continuous simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process to produce ethanol from cassava starch was studied, using a set of fixed-bed reactors. the biocatalyst consisted of glucoamylase immobilized in silica particles and co-immobilized with s. cerevisiae in pectin gel. using 3.8 u ml(-1) (reactor) and 0.05 g(wet yeast) ml(-1) (reactor) at start-up, starch hydrolysis was the rate-limiting step. maximum ethanol productivity was 5.8 g(ethanol) l(-1) h(-1), with 94.0% ...200919240991
validation of high rates of nucleotide substitution in geminiviruses: phylogenetic evidence from east african cassava mosaic viruses.whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses are major pathogens of the important crop cassava in africa. the intensive sampling and sequencing of cassava mosaic disease-causing viruses that occurred in the wake of a severe outbreak in central africa (1997-2002) allowed us to estimate the rate of evolution of this virus. east african cassava mosaic virus and related species are obligately bipartite (dna-a and dna-b segments), and these two genome segments have different evolutionary histories. despite the ...200919264617
dose-dependent rnai-mediated geminivirus resistance in the tropical root crop cassava.cassava mosaic disease is a major constraint for cassava production in africa, resulting in significant economic losses. we have engineered transgenic cassava with resistance to african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), by expressing acmv ac1-homologous hairpin double-strand rnas. transgenic cassava lines with high levels of ac1-homologous small rnas have acmv immunity with increasing viral load and different inoculation methods. we report a correlation between the expression of the ac1-homologous sm ...200919300911
repeated-batch fermentation using flocculent hybrid, saccharomyces cerevisiae chfy0321 for efficient production of bioethanol.in this study, the repeated-batch fermentation of liquefied cassava medium using the flocculent hybrid saccharomyces cerevisiae chfy0321 was investigated for semicontinuous, high-throughput production of bioethanol. cassava medium was selected due to the industrial requirement for a cheap starchy substrate. fermentations were performed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) with a set of ten batches successfully completing a series within the repeated fermentation process. in ad ...200919319524
comparison of total tract digestibility, development of visceral organs and digestive tract of mong cai and yorkshire x landrace piglets fed diets with different fibre sources.the aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of piglet age and dietary fibre source on the development of visceral organs and the gastrointestinal tract (git), and on growth performance and total tract apparent digestibility (ttad) in local [pure-breed mong cai (mc)] and exotic [landrace x yorkshire (ly)] piglets. the experimental diets contained different fibre sources: c (basal diet), rb (basal diet + rice bran), spvm (basal diet + sweet potato vine meal) and crem (basal diet + cassava res ...200919320931
saccharomycopsis fibuligera and its applications in biotechnology.saccharomycopsis fibuligera is found to actively accumulate trehalose from starch and the gene responsible for biosynthesis of trehalose has been cloned and its expression has been characterized. this yeast is also found to secrete a large amount of amylases, acid protease and beta-glucosidase which have highly potential applications in fermentation industry. the genes encoding amylases, acid protease and beta-glucosidase in s. fibuligera have been cloned and characterized. it is also used to pr ...200919328842
trace element levels in whole blood of riparian villagers of the brazilian amazon.monitoring the nutritional status of essential elements is of critical importance in human health. however, trace element concentrations in biological fluids are affected by environmental and physiological parameters, and therefore considerable variations can occur between specific population subgroups. brazil is a large country with much food diversity. moreover, dietary habits differ from north to south. as an example, the traditional populations of the brazilian amazon basin are heavily depen ...200919329141
removing allergens and reducing toxins from food crops.genetic engineering is being applied to eliminate or substantially reduce plant-derived substances that can be harmful to human health in otherwise nutritious foods. post-transcriptional gene silencing, most recently via rna interference, has been used in efforts to remove allergens from rice, soybean, apple, tomato, and peanut. rna silencing has the potential to simultaneously alter expression of all members of a multi-gene family in a tissue-specific manner with little collateral change in the ...200919356919
plant geminivirus rep protein induces rereplication in fission yeast.the replication-associated protein (rep) of geminiviruses, single-stranded dna viruses of higher plants, is essential for virus replication. since these viruses do not encode their own polymerases, rep induces differentiated plant cells to reenter the cell cycle by interacting with the plant homologues of retinoblastoma proteins in order to activate the host dna synthesis machinery. we have used fission yeast (schizosaccharomyces pombe) as a model organism to analyze the impact of ectopically ex ...200919369323
the effect of long-term feeding of fresh and ensiled cassava (manihot esculenta) foliage on gastrointestinal nematode infections in goats.the benefit of long-term feeding of fresh or ensiled cassava foliage on gastrointestinal parasite in goats was evaluated. eighteen male goats (15.15 +/- 2.83 kg and between 4-6 months) were randomly allocated into three treatments supplemented with 200 g of wheat bran head(-1) day(-1). all groups were fed ad-libitum on either grass (co), fresh cassava (caf) or ensiled cassava foliage (cas). at the beginning of the trial, each goat was inoculated with 3000 l3 containing approximately 50% haemonch ...200918516697
statistical optimization of alpha-amylase production with immobilized cells of streptomyces erumpens mtcc 7317 in luffa cylindrica l. sponge discs.the purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of streptomyces erumpens cells immobilized in various matrices, i.e., agar-agar, polyacrylamide, and luffa (luffa cylindrica l.) sponge for production of alpha-amylase. luffa sponge was found to be 21% and 51% more effective in enzyme yield than agar-agar and polyacrylamide, respectively. response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of three main variables, i.e., incubation period, ph, and temperature on enzyme production ...200918521760
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of friable embryogenic calli and regeneration of transgenic cassava.agrobacterium-mediated transformation of friable embryogenic calli (fec) is the most widely used method to generate transgenic cassava plants. however, this approach has proven to be time-consuming and can lead to changes in the morphology and quality of fec, influencing regeneration capacity and plant health. here we present a comprehensive, reliable and improved protocol, taking approximately 6 months, that optimizes agrobacterium-mediated transformation of fec from cassava model cultivar tms6 ...200920010938
gene-based microsatellites for cassava (manihot esculenta crantz): prevalence, polymorphisms, and cross-taxa utility.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), a starchy root crop grown in tropical and subtropical climates, is the sixth most important crop in the world after wheat, rice, maize, potato and barley. the repertoire of simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers for cassava is limited and warrants a need for a larger number of polymorphic ssrs for germplasm characterization and breeding applications.200919747391
antimicrobial, mechanical, and barrier properties of cassava starch-chitosan films incorporated with oregano essential oil.the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of starch-chitosan films incorporated with oregano essential oil (oeo) have been investigated. the antimicrobial effects of starch-chitosan-oeo films against bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, and staphylococcus aureus were determined by the disk inhibition zone method. the film mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (wvp), fourier transform infrared spectra (ftir), and thermograms (tga) were also determined. films ...200919627142
cyanide removal from cassava mill wastewater using azotobactor vinelandii tistr 1094 with mixed microorganisms in activated sludge treatment system.cassava mill wastewater has a high organic and cyanide content and is an important economic product of traditional and rural low technology agro-industry in many parts of the world. however, the wastewater is toxic and can pose serious threat to the environment and aquatic life in the receiving waters. the ability of azotobactor vinelandii tistr 1094, a n2-fixing bacterium, to grow and remove cyanide in cassava wastewater was evaluated. results revealed that the cells in the exponential phase re ...200919632039
effects of cassava starch hydrolysate on cell growth and lipid accumulation of the heterotrophic microalgae chlorella protothecoides.heterotrophic fermentation of microalgae has been shown to accumulate high amounts of microalgal lipids, which are regarded as one of the most promising feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel production. to increase the biomass and reduce the cost of microalgal culture, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using cassava starch hydrolysate (csh) instead of glucose as carbon source for heterotrophic culture of chlorella protothecoides in flasks. first, the two-step enzymatic ...200919633877
characterization of the cassava geminivirus transcription activation protein putative nuclear localization signal.the geminivirus transcription activation protein (trap) localizes to the nucleus and contains a putative nuclear localization signal (nls) ((28)prrrr(32)) on the n-terminus. the role of individual residues of this putative nls on nuclear localization and symptom induction was investigated using trap of east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus (eacmcv). subcellular localization was conducted using the green fluorescent protein (gfp). results showed that the proline residue at position 28 (pro-2 ...200919665038
in vitro estimates of iron bioavailability in some kenyan complementary foods.iron-deficiency anemia is by far the most widespread micronutrient deficiency disease in the world, affecting more than 2 billion people. although there are multiple causes of anemia, its high prevalence among children-especially in developing countries such as kenya-is attributed to an inadequate intake of dietary iron.200919689093
genotype-phenotype correlation in 9 patients with tropical pancreatitis and identified gene mutations.the etiopathogenesis of tropical chronic pancreatitis (tcp) remains unclear. malnutrition, dietary toxins like cyanogens in cassava and micronutrient deficiency are proposed factors. the description and characterization of genetic factors in tcp has added a new dimension to the understanding of pathogenesis of the disease. however, there is sparse data on the association of tcp with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene mutations. we report 8 patients of tcp with cftr g ...200919696993
molecular characterization of the plant virus genus ourmiavirus and evidence of inter-kingdom reassortment of viral genome segments as its possible route of origin.ourmia melon virus (oumv), epirus cherry virus (epcv) and cassava virus c (csvc) are three species placed in the genus ourmiavirus. we cloned and sequenced their rna genomes. the sizes of the three genomic rnas of oumv, the type member of the genus, were 2814, 1064 and 974 nt and each had one open reading frame. rna1 potentially encoded a 97.5 kda protein carrying the gdd motif typical of rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps). the putative rdrps of ourmiaviruses are distantly related to known vi ...200919535502
ammonium acetate enhances solvent production by clostridium acetobutylicum ea 2018 using cassava as a fermentation medium.cassava, due to its high starch content and low cost, is a promising candidate substrate for large-scale fermentation processes aimed at producing the solvents acetone, butanol and ethanol (abe). however, the solvent yield from the fermentation of cassava reaches only 60% of that achieved by fermenting corn. we have found that the addition of ammonium acetate (ch(3)coonh(4)) to the cassava medium significantly promotes solvent production from cassava fermented by clostridium acetobutylicum ea 20 ...200919543929
a nested case-control study of female breast cancer in karunagappally cohort in kerala, india.lifestyle factors related to breast cancer risk were examined in a case-control study nested in a cohort in karunagappally, kerala, south india. we sought interviews with all the residents in karunagappally with the population of 385,103 (191,149 males and 193,954 females) in the 1991 census and established a cohort of 359,619 (93% of the population in 1991) in 1990. for analysis 264 breast cancer cases with age > or = 20 years were selected from 438 breast cancer cases reported during the perio ...200919548367
[degradation of cyanide and maturity in cassava processing wastes composting].an investigation was carried out to approach the degradation of cyanide and maturity during the cassava processing wastes composting process. mixtures of cassava hull, cassava residues and pig manure were used in the experiment. parameters like temperature, ph, cyanide, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and c/n ratio were assessed during the composting process, the effect of composting process on the degradation of cyanide and maturity were evaluated. the results reveal that the content of cyanid ...200919558134
ants as biological indicators of wayana amerindian land use in french guiana.we examined the ecological impact of traditional land use by wayana amerindians in french guiana using ants as bio-indicators. ants were sampled through a rapid assessment method and the core results analyzed using kohonen's self-organizing maps (som). our sample sites included: (1) a wayana village; (2) a cassava plantation; (3) an abandoned cassava plantation; (4) a forest fragment near the village; (5) a riparian forest; and (6) a primary terra firma forest. the ant diversity decreases accord ...200919523607
elevated blood lead levels in a riverside population in the brazilian amazon.lead (pb) is recognized as one of the most toxic metals. sources of pb exposure have been widely documented in north america, and the removal of pb additives from gasoline was reflected in a dramatic lowering of blood pb concentration. in latin america, the removal of pb from gasoline resulted in decreased exposure, but pb levels in many areas remain high due to occupational and environmental sources of exposure. while many of the pb sources have been identified (mining, industries, battery recy ...200919389665
simultaneous non-thermal saccharification of cassava pulp by multi-enzyme activity and ethanol fermentation by candida tropicalis.cassava pulp, a solid by-product from starch processing, is a promising and underused biomass that can be converted to biofuels and other value-added bio-products. in this study, an alternative cassava pulp saccharification process, which utilizes the multi-activity enzyme from aspergillus niger bcc17849 and obviates the need for a pre-gelatinization step, was developed. the crude multi-enzyme composed of non-starch polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme activities, including cellulase, pectinase and ...200919393545
high-hydroxypropylated tapioca starch improves insulin resistance in genetically diabetic kkay mice.the hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of hydroxypropyl tapioca starch (hpts) with a varying degree of substitution (ds: 0.058, 0.091, and 0.180) was investigated in rats and kkay mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. the positive incremental area under the curve (iauc) for glucose significantly decreased as the ds of hpts increased. the iauc after intragastric intubation of the highest hpts (hpts-iii, ds = 0.180) was 55% of the iauc of tapioca starch (ts). after 28 d, fasting blood glucos ...200919397723
uneven twins: comparison of two enantiocomplementary hydroxynitrile lyases with alpha/beta-hydrolase fold.hydroxynitrile lyases (hnls) are applied in technical processes for the synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins. here we describe the thorough characterization of the recently discovered r-hydroxynitrile lyase from arabidopsis thaliana and its s-selective counterpart from manihot esculenta (mehnl) concerning their properties relevant for technical applications. the results are compared to available data of the structurally related s-hnl from hevea brasiliensis (hbhnl), which is frequently applied in te ...200919433222
cassava wastewater as a substrate for the simultaneous production of rhamnolipids and polyhydroxyalkanoates by pseudomonas aeruginosa.glycerol, cassava wastewater (cw), waste cooking oil and cw with waste frying oils were evaluated as alternative low-cost carbon substrates for the production of rhamnolipids and polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) by various pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. the polymers and surfactants produced were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (ms) and by high-performance liquid chromatography-ms, and their composition was found to vary with the carbon source and the strain used in the fe ...200919471980
the microbiota of lafun, an african traditional cassava food product.lafun is a fermented cassava food product consumed in parts of west africa. in the present work the microorganisms (aerobic bacteria (ab), lactic acid bacteria (lab) and yeasts) associated with the fermentation of lafun under traditional conditions have for the first time been studied using a combination of pheno- and genotypic methods. during lafun fermentation the ab count ranged from 6-7 log(10) cfu/g at the beginning to 9 log(10) cfu/g at the end. similarly, the number of lab increased from ...200919493582
population genetics of manihot esculenta ssp. flabellifolia gives insight into past distribution of xeric vegetation in a postulated forest refugium area in northern amazonia.the guianas have often been proposed as a forest refugium; however, this view has received little testing. studies of population genetics of forest taxa suggest that the central part of french guiana remained forested, while the southern part (currently forested) may have harboured more open vegetation. insights into the population structure of species restricted to non-forested habitats can help test this hypothesis. using six microsatellite loci, we investigated the population genetics of fren ...200919500251
novel method for high-throughput colony pcr screening in nanoliter-reactors.we introduce a technology for the rapid identification and sequencing of conserved dna elements employing a novel suspension array based on nanoliter (nl)-reactors made from alginate. the reactors have a volume of 35 nl and serve as reaction compartments during monoseptic growth of microbial library clones, colony lysis, thermocycling and screening for sequence motifs via semi-quantitative fluorescence analyses. nl-reactors were kept in suspension during all high-throughput steps which allowed p ...200919282448
purification and characterization of camel (camelus dromedarius) milk amylase.skimmed camel milk contains 59,900 u/l amylase, which is 39,363 times less than serum and plasma amylase. camel milk beta-amylase was purified as a 61 kda band using deae-sepharose and sephadex g-100 and yielded 561 u/mg. the optimum working ph, km and temperature were 7.0, 13.6 mg/lstarch, 30-40 degrees c, respectively. the enzyme has been shown higher affinity toward amylose and soluble starch than glycogen, amylopectin, dextrin, or pullulan. magnesium chloride, cacl(2) and nacl activated the ...200919291574
[an item response theory analysis of the four-card selection task].the four-card selection task (wason, 1966) is one of the best known tasks used in the literatures of human reasoning. this article analyzes this selection task by using item response theory (lord & novick, 1968). japanese undergraduates (n = 323) responded six types of the wason's selection tasks including indicative task (wason, 1966), beer task (griggs & cox, 1982), and cassava task (cosmides, 1989). an exploratory categorical factor analysis revealed a one factor structure of the six tasks. t ...200920095447
hydroxypropylated tapioca starch retards the development of insulin resistance in kkay mice, a type 2 diabetes model, fed a high-fat diet.the hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of hydroxypropyl tapioca starch (hpts, degree of substitution = 0.180) was investigated in male kkay mice. mice were fed a purified high-fat (20%) diet without or with hpts (5% or 10%) for 33 d. gelatinized tapioca starch (ts) was used as a reference. fasting blood glucose concentrations, days 14 and 28, were significantly lower in the 10% hpts group compared with the reference. in an oral glucose tolerance test (ogtt), day 28, blood glucose concentration ...200919895475
[application of icp-ms to detection of mineral elements and heavy metals in cassava's byproducts].cassava is a main cultivated tropical crop in china, its rich starch roots are often used to produce fuel ethanol in recent years, so it's a kind of hot biomass energy crops. but cassava's byproducts such as leaves, stems and peels are regarded as waste, and are not fully utilized. cassava's byproducts contain many nutrients, and can be used to process high value food products. the contents of mineral elements and heavy metals in cassava's byproducts were studied by icp-ms. the results showed th ...200919798987
searching for new clues about the molecular cause of endomyocardial fibrosis by way of in silico proteomics and analytical chemistry.endomyocardial fibrosis (emf) -is a chronic inflammatory disease of the heart with related pathology to that of late stage chaga's disease. indeed, both diseases are thought to result from auto-immune responses against myocardial tissue. as is the case that molecular mimicry between the acidic termini of trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal p0, p1 and p2beta (or simply tcp0, tcp1, and tcp2beta) proteins and myocardial tissue causes chaga's disease, excessive exposure to certain infections, toxins includi ...200919823676
a case-control study of roles of diet in colorectal carcinoma in a south indian population.the worldwide incidence of colorectal cancer has increased rapidly in the past few decades and dietary habits have been implicated in the cause. though the indian diet varies substantially from western diet, there have not been detailed studies on any association.200919827870
lactic acid production from cassava fibrous residue using lactobacillus plantarum mtcc 1407.during extraction of starch from cassava, fibrous residue is a major waste released into the environment. owing to the high starch content (60-65% on dry weight basis) and organic matter of cassava fibrous residue (cfr), an attempt has been made to utilize it for the production of lactic acid (la) in semi solid state fermentation using mann rogassa sharpe medium containing [5 % (wv(-1))] cfr in lieu of glucose [2% (wv(-1))] as the carbon source. response surface methodology (rsm) was used to eva ...200920143717
in vitro degradation of linamarin by microorganisms isolated from cassava wastewater treatment lagoons.this study aimed at isolating and characterizing of microorganisms able to use linamarin as sole carbon source. thirty one microbial strains were isolated from manipueira, a liquid effluent of cassava processing factories. among these strains, bacillus licheniformis (isolate 2_2) and rhodotorulla glutinis (isolate l1) were able to degrade 71% and 95% of added linamarin, respectively, within 7 days, showing high biodegradation activity and great potential for detoxification of cassava processing ...200924031436
exo-polygalacturonase production by bacillus subtilis cm5 in solid state fermentation using cassava bagasse.the purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of bacillus subtilis cm5 in solid state fermentation using cassava bagasse for production of exo-polygalacturonase (exo-pg). response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of four main variables, i.e. incubation period, initial medium ph, moisture holding capacity (mhc) and incubation temperature on enzyme production. a full factorial central composite design was applied to study these main factors that affected exo-pg produ ...200924031409
staple diets and duodenal ulcer prevalence.the prevalence of duodenal ulceration in india, africa, china and other developing countries is high in some regions and low in others, despite a high prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection throughout the areas. this variation is related to the staple diet of the regions involved. in regions where, because of the climate, the staple food is milled white rice, wheat or maize, or cassava, yams,sweet potato and green bananas the prevalence of duodenal ulcer is higher than in regions where the ...200924036556
influence of the carbon and nitrogen sources on keratinase production by myrothecium verrucaria in submerged and solid state cultures.myrothecium verrucaria is a nondermatophytic filamentous fungus able to grow and to produce keratinase in submerged (93.0 +/- 19 u/ml) and solid state (98.8 +/- 7.9 u/ml) cultures in which poultry feather powder (pfp) is the only substrate. the purpose of the present work was to verify how different carbon and nitrogen sources can influence the production of keratinase by this fungus. addition of carbohydrates, such as glucose and sucrose, caused only slight improvements in keratinase production ...200919229574
the water footprint of bioenergy.all energy scenarios show a shift toward an increased percentage of renewable energy sources, including biomass. this study gives an overview of water footprints (wfs) of bioenergy from 12 crops that currently contribute the most to global agricultural production: barley, cassava, maize, potato, rapeseed, rice, rye, sorghum, soybean, sugar beet, sugar cane, and wheat. in addition, this study includes jatropha, a suitable energy crop. since climate and production circumstances differ among region ...200919497862
gourd and squash artifacts yield starch grains of feasting foods from preceramic peru.in a study of residues from gourd and squash artifacts, we recovered starch grains from manioc (manihot esculenta), potato (solanum sp.), chili pepper (capsicum spp.), arrowroot (maranta arundinacea), and algarrobo (prosopis sp.) from feasting contexts at the buena vista site, a central peruvian preceramic site dating to approximately 2200 calendar years b.c. this study has implications for the study of plant food use wherever gourds or squashes are preserved, documents the earliest evidence for ...200919633184
40k/137cs discrimination ratios to the aboveground organs of tropical plants.in the present work, the accumulation of caesium and potassium in aboveground plant parts was studied in order to improve the understanding on the behaviour of monovalent cations in several compartments of tropical plants. we present the results for activity concentrations of (137)cs and (40)k, measured by gamma spectrometry, from five tropical plant species: guava (psidium guajava), mango (mangifera indica), papaya (carica papaya), banana (musa paradisíaca), and manioc (manihot esculenta). caes ...200818308433
production and characterization of glucoamylase from fungus aspergillus awamori expressed in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae using different carbon sources.glucoamylase is widely used in the food industry to produce high glucose syrup, and also in fermentation processes for production beer and ethanol. in this work the productivity of the glucoamylase of aspergillus awamori expressed by the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, produced in submerged fermentation using different starches, was evaluated and characterized physico-chemically. the enzyme presented high specific activity, 13.8 u/mgprotein or 2.9 u/mgbiomass, after 48 h of fermentation using so ...200824031189
simultaneous expression of an arylacetonitrilase from pseudomonas fluorescens and a (s)-oxynitrilase from manihot esculenta in pichia pastoris for the synthesis of (s)-mandelic acid.the arylacetonitrilase of pseudomonas fluorescens ebc191 catalyzes the conversion of (s)-mandelonitrile to (s)-mandelic acid and (s)-mandeloamide. this biotransformation is optimally performed under acidic ph values because (s)-mandelonitrile rapidly decomposes under neutral conditions. therefore, the gene encoding the arylacetonitrilase of p. fluorescens ebc191 was integrated and expressed under the control of the aox1 promoter in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris which was supposed to a ...200818523765
expression of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta in yeast and its application in (s)-mandelonitrile production using an immobilized enzyme reactor.hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava, manihot esculenta (mehnl), catalyzes the formation of (s)-cyanohydrins from hcn and aldehydes or ketones. (s)-mandelonitrile was produced on a bench scale with immobilized mehnl, after optimizing the enzyme expression system using recombinant technology. mehnl was cloned from a cdna library prepared from a leaf of manihot esculenta, and then expressed in a multi-auxotrophic mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. the maximum yield of active mehnl was obtained ...200818540112
screening of aflatoxins and zearalenone in feedstuffs and complete feeds for pigs in southern vietnam.a survey ofaflatoxins and zearalenone (zea) in 120 samples, including cassava chip (12), maize (12), rice bran (24), broken rice (24), and complete feeds for growing pigs (24) and sows (24) was carried out in southern vietnam. aflatoxin b1 (afb1), b2 (afb2), g1 (afg1) and g2 (afg2) were determined by an hplc method using an immunoaffinity column for clean-up. zearalenone was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) agraquant. high incidences of aflatoxins and zea in feedstuffs and p ...200818551782
genome shuffling of lactobacillus delbrueckii mutant and bacillus amyloliquefaciens through protoplasmic fusion for l-lactic acid production from starchy wastes.current study was focused on the development of a non-fastidious lactic acid producing strain having better growth rate, low ph tolerance and good productivity by genome shuffling of a mutant strain of lactobacillus delbrueckii ncim 2025 and an amylase producing non-fastidious bacillus amyloliquefaciens atcc 23842. after the third cycle of the protoplast fusion, lactic acid production by few fusants was monitored and the best fusant was selected for further studies. optimization of the important ...200818482834
macronutrient digestibility in kadon pigs fed diets with isonitrogenous amounts of various carbohydrate sources.in this experiment, the apparent digestibility of diets with isonitrogenous amounts of different carbohydrate sources was determined in kadon pigs, which are native to the north-east of thailand and typically kept on small-holder farms. eight male and eight female pigs were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design with diets containing either ground corn (gc), rice bran (rb), broken rice (br) or cassava chips (cc). the diet with br induced the highest digestibilities for protein and energy, but also ...200818557187
diversity of begomoviruses associated with mosaic disease of cultivated cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and its wild relative (manihot glaziovii mull. arg.) in uganda.cassava (manihot esculenta) growing in uganda during 2001-2002 has been screened for the presence of begomoviruses using pcr-rflp, cloning full-length genomic components and nucleotide sequence analysis. in contrast with a recent survey in neighbouring kenya, which identified three distinct strains of east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv, eacmv-ug and eacmv-ke2) as well as east african cassava mosaic zanzibar virus and the new species east african cassava mosaic kenya virus, only eacmv-ug an ...200818559947
isolation and characterization of the gibberellin biosynthetic gene cluster in sphaceloma manihoticola.gibberellins (gas) are tetracyclic diterpenoid phytohormones that were first identified as secondary metabolites of the fungus fusarium fujikuroi (teleomorph, gibberella fujikuroi). gas were also found in the cassava pathogen sphaceloma manihoticola, but the spectrum of gas differed from that in f. fujikuroi. in contrast to f. fujikuroi, the ga biosynthetic pathway has not been studied in detail in s. manihoticola, and none of the ga biosynthetic genes have been cloned from the species. here, we ...200818567680
production of biosurfactant by bacillus subtilis lb5a on a pilot scale using cassava wastewater as substrate.the main characteristic of biosurfactants is their property of reducing the superficial and interfacial tension between two immiscible liquids of different polarities. the main obstacle to the application of biosurfactants is the high production costs, the use of alternative substrates being indicated to solve this problem. this work report the production of biosurfactant by bacillus subtilis lb5a on a pilot scale using cassava wastewater as the substrate, and the study of the parameters related ...200818594889
evaluation of constitutive viral promoters in transgenic soybean roots and nodules.the efficiency of beta-glucuronidase (gus) expression was evaluated with five viral promoters to identify the most suitable promoter or promoters for use in soybean hairy roots, including applications to study the symbiotic interaction with bradyrhizobium japonicum. levels of gus activity were fluorimetrically and histochemically assayed when the gus (uida) gene was driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and enhanced 35s (e35s) promoter, the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) ...200818616399
disassembly of african cassava mosaic virus.the plant-infecting geminiviruses encapsidate their single-stranded dna genome in characteristic twinned particles that are unique among viruses. these particles are formed by joining two incomplete t=1 icosahedra. african cassava mosaic virions were purified by density-gradient centrifugation from infected nicotiana benthamiana plants and analysed for their stability with respect to ph changes and heat treatment by using electron microscopy. negative staining and rotary shadowing revealed stabl ...200818632975
utilization of resistant starch of native tapioca, corn and waxy corn starches and their retrograded preparations by bifidobacterium.anaerobic fermentation of native starches from tapioca, normal and waxy corn, and their laboratory modified preparations, by selected bifidobacterium strains (bifidobacterium pseudolongum ksi9, bifidobacterium breve kn14, and bifidobacterium animalis ks20a1) was carried out under in vitro conditions. the growth and acidifying properties of bifidobacteria and utilization of resistant starches were determined in relation to glucose in the control sample. the preparations obtained from normal and w ...200818097846
mycoflora and natural occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisin b1 in cassava and yam chips from benin, west africa.the presence of fungi, aflatoxins and fumonisin b1 in cassava and yam chips (during 28 processing and storage) were evaluated during two consecutive seasons in two agroecological zones of benin (northern guinea savannah, ngs and sudan savannah, ss). the benin samples were assessed for moisture content, fungal infestation and total aflatoxin and fumonisin b1 contamination. during the two seasons, samples collected from the ngs, had moisture contents ranging from 10.0 to 14.7% in cassava chips and ...200818160162
phenotypes and functional effects caused by various viral rna silencing suppressors in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana and n. tabacum.rna silencing suppressor genes derived from six virus genera were transformed into nicotiana benthamiana and n. tabacum plants. these suppressors were p1 of rice yellow mottle virus (rymv), p1 of cocksfoot mottle virus, p19 of tomato bushy stunt virus, p25 of potato virus x, hcpro of potato virus y (strain n), 2b of cucumber mosaic virus (strain kin), and ac2 of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv). hcpro caused the most severe phenotypes in both nicotiana spp. ac2 also produced severe effects in ...200818184062
microbiological and biochemical profile of cv. conservolea naturally black olives during controlled fermentation with selected strains of lactic acid bacteria.the effect of controlled fermentation processes on the microbial association and biochemical profile of cv. conservolea naturally black olives processed by the traditional anaerobic method was studied. the different treatments included (a) inoculation with a commercial starter culture of lactobacillus pentosus, (b) inoculation with a strain of lactobacillus plantarum isolated from a fermented cassava product and (c) uninoculated spontaneous process. microbial growth, ph, titratable acidity, orga ...200818206777
do-stat fed-batch production of 2-keto-d-gluconic acid from cassava using immobilized pseudomonas aeruginosa.bioconversion of cassava-derived glucose to 2-keto-d-gluconic acid (2-kdg) using resting cells of immobilized pseudomonas aeruginosa ifo 3448 was investigated. the tuberous roots of cassava were selected as the feedstock as they are inexpensive and widely available, and possess high amounts of starch (approximately 70% (w/w) of dry mass). immobilized bacteria was used in a fed-batch fermenter and recycled over a period of 2 weeks. given that the formation of 2-kdg from glucose requires oxygen as ...200818256820
wild manihot species: botanical aspects, geographic distribution and economic value.a total of 98 manihot species have been recognized in the genus. all of them are native to the tropics of the new world, particularly brazil and mexico. the cultigen, manihot esculenta crantz (cassava), grows throughout the lowland tropics. wild species vary in growth habit from acaulescent or short shrubs to tree-like. because of their adaptations to different conditions, they are gene reservoirs for tackling many abiotic and biotic stresses such as improving root quality and resistance to dise ...200818273815
in vitro screening of relative bioaccessibility of carotenoids from foods.carotenoids are lipophilic pigments in plant foods that are of particular interest as precursors of vitamin a, a nutrient required for vision, cell differentiation, and the immune system. in order to mediate such activities, carotenoids and their metabolites must be absorbed for delivery to tissues. unlike many other dietary lipids, the efficiency of carotenoid absorption is typically inefficient, being affected by food matrix, style of processing, other dietary components, and nutritional and p ...200818296337
[the killing effect and bystander effect of linamarase/linamarin suicide gene system on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line hepg2 in vitro].to investigate the killing effect of linamarase/linamarin (lis/lin) system on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line hepg2 in vitro.200818328192
dietary fibre and fermentability characteristics of root crops and legumes.the dietary fibre and fermentability characteristics of local root crops and legumes were determined. total, soluble and insoluble fibre were determined in six root crops (kamote, gabi, potato, tugi, ube, cassava) and ten legumes (mungbean, soyabean, peanut, pole sitao, cowpea, chickpea, green pea, lima bean, kidney bean and pigeon pea) using association of official analytical chemists methods. the dietary fibre from test foods was isolated and fermented in vitro using human faecal inoculum simu ...200818331664
evidence of thermostable amylolytic activity from rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis using wheat bran and corncob as alternative carbon source.rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis produced high levels of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase under solid state fermentation, with several agricultural residues, such as wheat bran, cassava flour, sugar cane bagasse, rice straw, corncob and crushed corncob as carbon sources. these materials were humidified with distilled water, tap water, or saline solutions--segato rizzatti (sr), khanna or vogel. the best substrate for amylase production was wheat bran with sr saline solution (1:2 v/v). amyl ...200817940804
continuous production of ethanol from starch using glucoamylase and yeast co-immobilized in pectin gel.this work presents a continuous simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) process to produce ethanol from starch using glucoamylase and saccharomyces cerevisiae co-immobilized in pectin gel. the enzyme was immobilized on macroporous silica, after silanization and activation of the support with glutaraldehyde. the silica-enzyme derivative was co-immobilized with yeast in pectin gel. this biocatalyst was used to produce ethanol from liquefied manioc root flour syrup, in three fixed bed ...200818401752
role of a geminivirus av2 protein putative protein kinase c motif on subcellular localization and pathogenicity.virus-derived genes or genome fragments are increasingly being used to generate transgenic plants with resistance to plant viruses. there is need to rapidly investigate these genes in plants using transient expression prior to using them as transgenes since they may be pathogenic to plants. in this study, we investigated the av2 protein encoded by east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus, a virus associated with a cassava disease epidemic in western africa. for subcellular localization, av2 wa ...200818405995
production of cyclodextrins by cgtase from bacillus clausii using different starches as substrates.cyclodextrins (cds) are cyclic oligasaccharides composed by d-glucose monomers joined by alpha-1,4-d glicosidic linkages. the main types of cds are alpha-, beta- and gamma-cds consisting of cycles of six, seven, and eight glucose monomers, respectively. their ability to form inclusion complexes is the most important characteristic, allowing their wide industrial application. the physical property of the cd-complexed compound can be altered to improve stability, volatility, solubility, or bio-ava ...200818421582
efficient production of active form of recombinant cassava hydroxynitrile lyase using escherichia coli in low-temperature culture.overexpression and production of the high concentration of hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (manihot esculenta (mehnl, ec 4.1.2.39)) were investigated. hydroxynitrile lyase is a useful enzyme for the production of optically active cyanohydrin compounds. the production of mehnl was increased by changing the rare codons of the original sequence of cassava mehnl. however, most of the produced mehnl was in the insoluble form. in order to increase the solubility of mehnl, the effects of the cultivat ...200818427803
effects of six carbohydrate sources on diet digestibility and postprandial glucose and insulin responses in cats.the effects of diets with different starch sources on the total tract apparent digestibility and glucose and insulin responses in cats were investigated. six experimental diets consisting of 35% starch were extruded, each containing one of the following ingredients: cassava flour, brewers rice, corn, sorghum, peas, or lentils. the experiment was carried out on 36 cats with 6 replications per diet in a completely randomized block design. the brewers rice diet offered greater dm, om, and ge digest ...200818469063
effects of six carbohydrate sources on dog diet digestibility and post-prandial glucose and insulin response.the effects of six extruded diets with different starch sources (cassava flour, brewer's rice, corn, sorghum, peas or lentils) on dog total tract apparent digestibility and glycemic and insulinemic response were investigated. the experiment was carried out on thirty-six dogs with six dogs per diet in a completely randomized design. the diets containing brewer's rice and cassava flour presented the greatest digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and gross energy (p < 0.05), followed by corn ...200818477314
the role of changing diet and altitude on goitre prevalence in five regional states in ethiopia.iodine deficiency disorders (idd) as one of the leading nutritional problems has been increasing through time due to iodine deficiency, aggravating factors and idd knowledge in many parts of ethiopia. the effect of changing diet and altitude on goitre prevalence is assessed.200819374318
alpha-amylase production by streptomyces erumpens mtcc 7317 in solid state fermentation using response surface methodology (rsm).production of alpha-amylase under solid state fermentation by streptomyces erumpens mtcc 7317 has been investigated using different agro-industrial residues, i.e. cassava bagasse, sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran; wheat bran was found to be the best substrate. among different nitrogen source supplemented to wheat bran, beef extract or peptone (1%) showed maximum enzyme production. response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of main process parameters as incubation period (48 h), ...200819275042
novel methods for storage stability and release of bacillus spores.bacillus subtilis spores were immobilized in activated charcoal and tapioca and filled with acacia gum. these formulations were tested for spore stability during storage at temperatures ranging from 40 degrees c to 90 degrees c and for bacterial release. thermodynamic analysis showed that immobilization of spores in acacia gum significantly increased their viability compared with unprotected spores. the viability was further increased when suspensions of spores in acacia gum were added to granul ...200819194925
[infestation of pseudopiazurus papayanus (marshall) (coleoptera: curculionidae) on carica spp. and vasconcella spp. genotypes].the papaya borer weevil, pseudopiazurus papayanus (marshall), is generally considered a secondary pest, but it has been reported in high infestations in northeast brazil. this work aimed at evaluating the occurrence of p. papayanus and reporting its infestation level in papaya genotypes kept at the germplasm bank of embrapa cassava & tropical fruits (cruz das almas, bahia, brazil). the number of larvae, pupae and adults found in each plant of 65 carica spp. genotypes and of three vasconcella spp ...200819061052
agroinfection of cloned sri lankan cassava mosaic virus dna to arabidopsis thaliana, nicotiana tabacum and cassava.sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) is a bipartite begomovirus infecting cassava in india and sri lanka. we have used agrobacterium-mediated inoculation (agroinoculation) of cloned slcmv dna to inoculate additional hosts, nicotiana tabacum and arabidopsis. although slcmv infection in these hosts caused stunting, leaf deformation and developmental abnormalities, accumulation levels of viral dna in the infected plants suggested that this virus was poorly adapted to them. in the natural host, c ...200818982246
a single amino acid change in a geminiviral rep protein differentiates between triggering a plant defence response and initiating viral dna replication.we have devised an in planta system for functional analysis of the replication-associated protein (rep) of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv). using this assay and pcr-based random mutagenesis, we have identified an acmv rep mutant that failed to trigger the hypersensitive response (hr), but had an enhanced ability to initiate dna replication. the mutant rep-green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion protein was localized to the nucleus. sequence analysis showed that the mutated rep gene had three ...200818796734
use of lactobacillus strains to start cassava fermentations for gari production.two lactobacillus strains, lactobacillus plantarum bfe 6710 and lactobacillus fermentum bfe 6620, were used to start cassava fermentations in a pilot study under field production conditions in kenya, to determine their potential to establish themselves as predominant lactobacilli during the fermentation. predominant strains from three fermentations were isolated throughout the 48 h fermentation period. the use of these strains in high numbers clearly resulted in 1 to 2 log higher lactic acid bac ...200818834642
cloning, extracellular expression and characterization of a predominant beta-cgtase from bacillus sp. g1 in e. coli.the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase, ec 2.4.1.19) gene from bacillus sp. g1 was successfully isolated and cloned into escherichia coli. analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 2,109 bp and encoded a 674 amino acid protein. purified cgtase exhibited a molecular weight of 75 kda and had optimum activity at ph 6 and 60 degrees c. heterologous recombinant protein expression in e. coli is commonly problematic causing intracellular localization and ...200818726621
intestinal inflammation in nursing infants: different causes and a single treatment ... but of protected origin.three case histories of nursing infants suffering from different forms of intestinal problems, who underwent special dietary therapy in order to solve situations that would be difficult to deal with using the special artificial milk varieties on the market, are presented. these children were administered a homemade food consisting ofparmigiano reggiano cheese seasoned for at least 36 months, rice or maize custard and tapioca, sugar, maize oil. in the first case the diagnosis of "widespread nonsp ...200818788512
multiplex pcr for the detection of african cassava mosaic virus and east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus in cassava.a multiplex pcr was developed for simultaneous detection of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus (eacmcv) in cassava affected with cassava mosaic disease (cmd). one set of three primers consisting of an upstream primer common for both viruses and two down stream virus-specific primers were designed for simultaneous amplification of 368 base pair (bp) and 650 bp dna fragments specific to the replicase gene of acmv and eacmcv, respectively. similarly, ...200818789974
alternate hosts of african cassava mosaic virus and east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus in nigeria.cassava mosaic disease (cmd) caused by african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus (eacmcv) is the major constraint to cassava production in nigeria. sequences of the dna-a component of acmv and eacmcv isolates from leguminous plant species (senna occidentalis, leucana leucocephala and glycine max), castor oil plant (ricinus communis), a weed host (combretum confertum) and a wild species of cassava (manihot glaziovii) were determined. all acmv isolates from ...200818661095
inhibition of chemically induced inflammation and pain by orally and topically administered leaf extract of manihot esculenta crantz in rodents.the aqueous leaf extract of manihot esculenta crantz (mele) is being used orally and topically in traditional african medicine for the treatment of inflammation and pain, and claimed to be safe. the anti-inflammatory effects of mele (100-400 mg/kg, p.o. or 1-4%, w/w in petroleum jelly, topically) were tested against carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats as well as against xylene-induced ear oedema in mice. the analgesic effect of mele (100-400 mg/kg, p.o. or 1-4%, w/w in petroleum jelly, topica ...200818675525
infestation and population dynamics of insects on stored cassava and yams chips in benin, west africa.natural insect infestation in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz subspecies esculenta) and yam (dioscorea spp.) chips was evaluated during two consecutive storage seasons (2003-2004 and 2004-2005) in two agroecological zones of benin (northern guinea savanna [ngs] and sudan savanna [ss]). the insects infesting chips were collected, identified, and counted, they included prostephanus truncatus (horn) (coleoptera: bostrychidae), cathartus quadricollis (guerin) (coleoptera: silvanidae), carpophilus ...200819133481
effects of tapioca obtained from cassava (manihot utilissima) on the disintegration and dissolution rates of paracetamol tablets.the properties of tapioca obtained from cassava (manihot utilissima) have been evaluated. its binding effect in tablets of paracetamol on the disintegration and dissolution rates was compared with tablets prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone and gelatin. the nature and amount of the binders were found to alter the disintegration and dissolution rates of the tablets by reducing their wettability as measured by the adhesion tension of water. a linear relationship has been found to exist between the ...20082565972
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