Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| tuberculosis and leprosy in perspective. | two of humankind's most socially and psychologically devastating diseases, tuberculosis and leprosy, have been the subject of intensive paleopathological research due to their antiquity, a presumed association with human settlement and subsistence patterns, and their propensity to leave characteristic lesions on skeletal and mummified remains. despite a long history of medical research and the development of effective chemotherapy, these diseases remain global health threats even in the 21st cen ... | 2009 | 19890861 |
| putting leprosy on the map. | 2009 | 19935762 | |
| administration of mycobacterium leprae rhsp65 aggravates experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice. | the 60 kda heat shock protein family, hsp60, constitutes an abundant and highly conserved class of molecules that are highly expressed in chronic-inflammatory and autoimmune processes. experimental autoimmune uveitis [eau] is a t cell mediated intraocular inflammatory disease that resembles human uveitis. mycobacterial and homologous hsp60 peptides induces uveitis in rats, however their participation in aggravating the disease is poorly known. we here evaluate the effects of the mycobacterium le ... | 2009 | 19936251 |
| ideal: in the footsteps of immlep and thelep. | 2009 | 19961097 | |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium leprae: a solid beginning. | 2009 | 19961098 | |
| vntr typing studies of mycobacterium leprae in china: assessment of methods and stability of markers during treatment. | to evaluate the reliability and feasibility of two methods of multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva) for strain typing of m. leprae, and to study whether short tandem repeat loci are stable and suitable for epidemiological study of leprosy. | 2009 | 19961099 |
| a continuation: study and characterisation of mycobacterium leprae short tandem repeat genotypes and transmission of leprosy in cebu, philippines. | to study the stability and allelic diversity of tandem repeat loci in m. leprae in leprosy patients of cebu, philippines, and the suitability of multilocus variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) typing for detecting transmission. | 2009 | 19961100 |
| molecular epidemiology of leprosy based on vntr typing in thailand. | recently about 500 new cases of leprosy have been reported each year in thailand. in addition to a steady rate of new case detection, thailand is in southeast asia where leprosy is endemic in neighbouring countries; therefore, strain differentiation could be useful in tracing origins and routes of infection, and general leprosy surveillance. to identify suitable markers for differentiation of m. leprae strains in different global geographic regions and to determine the applicability of a systema ... | 2009 | 19961101 |
| vntr typing of mycobacterium leprae in south indian leprosy patients. | to study the suitability, stability and diversity of short tandem repeat (str) genomic markers to elicit strain variation in the mycobacterium leprae isolates within leprosy patients from andhra pradesh and tamil nadu states in south india. | 2009 | 19961102 |
| genetic diversity of mycobacterium leprae isolates from brazilian leprosy patients. | leprosy is a chronic disease caused by infection with mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular parasite. a problem in studying the transmission of leprosy is the small amount of variation in bacterial genomic dna. the discovery of variable number of tandem repeats (vntrs) allowed the detection of strain variation in areas with a high prevalence of leprosy. four genotypes of m. leprae based on three single-nucleotide polymorphism (snps) were also discovered to be useful for analysis of the ... | 2009 | 19961103 |
| identification and comparison of mycobacterium leprae genotypes in two geographical regions of colombia. | to evaluate and establish genomic strain typing markers suitable for the identification of transmission patterns of leprosy in different regions of colombia. | 2009 | 19961104 |
| various genotypes of mycobacterium leprae from mexico reveal distinct geographic distribution. | to classify mycobacterium leprae isolates from multiple areas in mexico based on variable number of tandem repeats of 6 base within the rpot gene and three single nucleotide polymorphism (snp), and to analyse their geographic distribution in the context of the origin of leprosy in mexico. | 2009 | 19961105 |
| the use of gis in leprosy control. | 2009 | 19961106 | |
| the epidemiological behaviour of leprosy in brazil. | the elimination strategy reduced known leprosy prevalence but the detection rate remains high in many countries, including brazil. the high brazilian detection rate imposes a limit to the reduction of known prevalence in the short term. the knowledge of time behaviour and spatial distribution of leprosy statistics will contribute to decision making for leprosy control. | 2009 | 19961107 |
| characterisation of short tandem repeats for genotyping mycobacterium leprae. | establish a typing system for mycobacterium leprae based on polymorphic dna structures known as short tandem repeats (str). | 2009 | 19994470 |
| evidence for an association of hla-drb1*15 and drb1*09 with leprosy and the impact of drb1*09 on disease onset in a chinese han population. | human leukocyte antigens (hlas) have been proposed to modulate the immune response to mycobacterium leprae. the association of hla-drb1 with leprosy has been reported in several populations, but not in a chinese population. | 2009 | 20003324 |
| [leprosy: a rare imported disease]. | although rare in occidental countries, leprosy is an endemic disease throughout the world. physicians may encounter imported cases and thus need to be aware of this diagnosis. we here report a 41-year-old male patient from french west indies who presented with nonspecific extensive skin lesions and a peripheral neuropathy. skin biopsy examination led to the diagnosis of borderline lepromatous leprosy. | 2009 | 19836114 |
| divergence of macrophage phagocytic and antimicrobial programs in leprosy. | effective innate immunity against many microbial pathogens requires macrophage programs that upregulate phagocytosis and direct antimicrobial pathways, two functions generally assumed to be coordinately regulated. we investigated the regulation of these key functions in human blood-derived macrophages. interleukin-10 (il-10) induced the phagocytic pathway, including the c-type lectin cd209 and scavenger receptors, resulting in phagocytosis of mycobacteria and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. il ... | 2009 | 19837374 |
| vaccination with the ml0276 antigen reduces local inflammation but not bacterial burden during experimental mycobacterium leprae infection. | leprosy elimination has been a goal of the who for the past 15 years. widespread bcg vaccination and multidrug therapy have dramatically reduced worldwide leprosy prevalence, but new case detection rates have remained relatively constant. these data suggest that additional control strategies, such as a subunit vaccine, are required to block transmission and to improve leprosy control. we recently identified several mycobacterium leprae antigens that stimulate gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) secreti ... | 2009 | 19786561 |
| cooperation between a coenzyme a-independent stand-alone initiation module and an iterative type i polyketide synthase during synthesis of mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids. | several mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, mycobacterium leprae, and other mycobacterial pathogens produce a group of small-molecule virulence factors called phenolic glycolipids (pgls). pgls play key roles in pathogenicity and host-pathogen interaction. thus, elucidation of the pgl biosynthetic pathway will not only expand our understanding of natural product biosynthesis, but may also illuminate routes to novel therapeutics to afford alternative lines of defense against mycobacterial infectio ... | 2009 | 19799378 |
| [genetic involvement of bacterial sensor molecules in japanese leprosy]. | occurrence of new patients of leprosy, caused by mycobacterium leprae infection, is now almost absent in japan but is still uncontrolled in developing countries. as one factor affecting the disease development, genetic predisposition of a host has been considered to be associated. actually, various gene mutations have been reported to be associated at two stages of the disease progression, not only establishment of the disease but also determination of the phenotype, such as lepromatous (l)-type ... | 2009 | 19803376 |
| lest we forget hansen's disease (leprosy): an unusual presentation with an acute onset of inflammatory polyarthritis and the rheumatology experience. | several forms of arthritis and rheumatism can sometimes complicate leprosy. however, its presentation as an acute onset arthritis is unusual. we report two adult male naïve patients who presented to our rheumatology outpatient clinic with acute onset inflammatory polyarthritis, skin rash and mild sensory neurodeficit. borderline lepromatous leprosy (in type i lepra reaction) was diagnosed. we also refer to 19 case records of hansen arthritis in the clinic database (1998-2007) from approximately ... | 2009 | 20374320 |
| genomewide association study of leprosy. | the narrow host range of mycobacterium leprae and the fact that it is refractory to growth in culture has limited research on and the biologic understanding of leprosy. host genetic factors are thought to influence susceptibility to infection as well as disease progression. | 2009 | 20018961 |
| a common genetic fingerprint in leprosy and crohn's disease? | 2009 | 20018963 | |
| hypophosphorylation of nf-h and nf-m subunits of neurofilaments and the associated decrease in kspxk kinase activity in the sciatic nerves of swiss white mice inoculated in the foot pad with mycobacterium leprae. | to study the phosphorylation state of neurofilament (nf) proteins and activity of kspxk kinase in the sciatic nerves of swiss white (s/w) mice inoculated in the hind foot pads with m. leprae. | 2009 | 20306637 |
| detection of serum antibodies to m. leprae major membrane protein-ii in leprosy patients from indonesia. | sero-diagnostic methods are the easiest way of diagnosing an infectious disease in developing countries. in leprosy, phenolic glycolipid-1 (pgl-i) based methods for the detection of leprosy are currently available, but the use of these methods has been hindered due to the inherent problems of sensitivity. we previously showed that antibodies to major membrane protein-ii (mmp-ii) derived from mycobacterium leprae could be used to diagnose leprosy in japan. | 2009 | 20306638 |
| detection of mycobacterium leprae dna in nine-banded armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) from the andean region of colombia. | to use dna detection methodologies to test for m. leprae in nine-banded armadillos inhabiting forested regions located around the cities and towns where leprosy patients have been identified. | 2009 | 20306641 |
| [immune response of hansen's disease. review]. | hansen's disease presents a wide spectrum of clinical and histopathological manifestations that reflect the nature of the immunological response of the host towards diverse mycobacterium leprae components. the immunological system, composed by both innate and adaptive immunology, offers protection towards infections of various etiologies, among them bacterial. bacteria, of course, have developed multiple strategies for evading host defenses, based on either very complex or simple mechanisms, but ... | 2009 | 20306725 |
| ocular morbidity in leprosy patients with lagophthalmos. | lagophthalmos is a well known complication in leprosy due to the involvement of seventh cranial nerve resulting in incomplete closure of the eyelids. the real magnitude of ocular morbidity as a consequence of lagophthalmos is unknown, as several ocular complications can occur independently due to involvement of the fifth (trigeminal) nerve or due to secondary infection. therefore, a study was designed to carefully examine the eyes of 100 consecutive leprosy patients with lagophthalmos seeking tr ... | 2009 | 20329361 |
| report of the who workshop on sentinel surveillance for drug resistance in leprosy 20-22 october 2008; hanoi, vietnam. | 2009 | 20329363 | |
| report of the ial seminar on cure in leprosy 14 february 2009; konark, orissa. | 2009 | 20329364 | |
| identification of a glucose permease from mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155. | we report here the molecular identification of a glucose permease from mycobacterium smegmatis,a model organism for our understanding of the life patterns of the major pathogens mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae. a computer-based search of the available genome of m. smegmatis mc(2) 155 with the sequences of well-characterized glucose transporters revealed the gene msmeg4187 as a possible candidate. the deduced protein belongs to the major facilitator superfamily of proton sympo ... | 2009 | 18311074 |
| administration of ag85b showed therapeutic effects to th2-type cytokine-mediated acute phase atopic dermatitis by inducing regulatory t cells. | increase in the number of patients with atopic dermatitis (ad) has been recently reported. t helper (th) cells that infiltrate ad skin lesions are th2-type dominant; reduced exposure to environmental th1-cytokine-inducing microbes is believed to contribute to the increased number of ad patients. regulatory type immune responses have been also associated with the occurrence of ad. it has been reported that antigen 85b (ag85b) purified from mycobacteria is a potent inducer of th1-type immune respo ... | 2009 | 18633632 |
| leprosy-related joint involvement. | we estimate the prevalence and evaluate the clinical characteristics of leprosy related arthritis. one thousand, two hundred fifty-seven leprosy patients were attended at "alfredo da matta" outpatient clinic in the state of amazonas, brazil from july to october 2004. among them, 115 patients were identified with articular pain and were referred for evaluation with rheumatologist. blood samples were collected and radiological evaluation of the involved joints was performed. all patients with arth ... | 2009 | 18807102 |
| a genomic view on nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen control in mycobacteria. | knowledge about nitrogen metabolism and control in the genus mycobacterium is sparse, especially compared to the state of knowledge in related actinomycetes like streptomyces coelicolor or the close relative corynebacterium glutamicum. therefore, we screened the published genome sequences of mycobacterium smegmatis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae for genes encoding proteins for uptake of nitrogen sources, nitrog ... | 2009 | 18824837 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of "mycobacterium w" against mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice immunized with live versus heat-killed m. w by the aerosol or parenteral route. | as the disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be a burden, there is a concerted effort to find new vaccines to combat this problem. one of the important vaccine strategies is whole bacterial vaccines. this approach relies on multiple antigens and built-in adjuvanticity. other mycobacterial strains which share cross-reactive antigens with m. tuberculosis have been considered as alternatives to m. bovis for vaccine use. one such strain, "mycobacterium w", had been evaluated for ... | 2009 | 18981249 |
| [lepromatous leprosy revealed by a swollen hands syndrome]. | osteoarticular pathology in leprosy is common and described at all stages, but rarely as the most evident clinical manifestation. we report a case of borderline lepromatous leprosy with initial and disabling hands edema. the swollen hands syndrome is probably due to chronic mycobacterium leprae tenosynovitis. | 2009 | 18993001 |
| histoid leprosy: a retrospective study of 40 cases from india. | rare variants of leprosy pose a diagnostic challenge even to astute clinicians and histoid leprosy is one such form of disease with unique clinical and histopathological features. there are very few large series on this entity, mainly reported from india. | 2009 | 19016704 |
| dnahsp65 vaccination induces protection in mice against paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection. | heat-shock proteins are molecules with extensive data showing their potential as immunomodulators of different types of diseases. the gene of hsp65 from mycobacterium leprae has shown prophylactic and immunotherapeutic effects against a broad arrays of experimental models including tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, arthritis and diabetes. with this in mind, we tested the dnahsp65 vaccine using an experimental model of paraccocidiodomycosis, an important endemic mycosis in latin america. the intramusc ... | 2009 | 19028537 |
| leprosy pathogenetic background: a review and lessons from other mycobacterial diseases. | leprosy is a disease caused by mycobacterium leprae that initially affects the peripheral nervous system with patients exhibiting contrasting clinical, immunological, and pathological manifestations despite minimal genetic variation among bacilli isolates. its clinical manifestations are related to m. leprae survival, innate and acquired immune responses, and interactions between host and bacterial proteins, preventing their invasion and infection, or promoting their development and pathogenesis ... | 2009 | 19043725 |
| single lesion multibacillary leprosy, a treatment enigma: a case report. | abstract: | 2009 | 19144101 |
| silica-based cationic bilayers as immunoadjuvants. | silica particles cationized by dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (dodab) bilayer were previously described. this work shows the efficiency of these particulates for antigen adsorption and presentation to the immune system and proves the concept that silica-based cationic bilayers exhibit better performance than alum regarding colloid stability and cellular immune responses for vaccine design. | 2009 | 19152701 |
| question: can you identify this condition? tuberculoid leprosy. | 2009 | 19155370 | |
| identification of two proteins that interact with the erp virulence factor from mycobacterium tuberculosis by using the bacterial two-hybrid system. | the exported repetitive protein (erp) gene encodes a secreted 36-kda protein with a central domain containing several proline-glycine-leucine-threonine-serine (pglts) repeats. it has been demonstrated that erp is a virulence-associated factor since the disruption of this gene impairs the growth of mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. | 2009 | 19159459 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis rv3802c encodes a phospholipase/thioesterase and is inhibited by the antimycobacterial agent tetrahydrolipstatin. | the cell wall of m. tuberculosis is central to its success as a pathogen. mycolic acids are key components of this cell wall. the genes involved in joining the alpha and mero mycolates are located in a cluster, beginning with rv3799c and extending at least until rv3804c. the role of each enzyme encoded by these five genes is fairly well understood, except for rv3802c. rv3802 is one of seven putative cutinases encoded by the genome of m. tuberculosis. in phytopathogens, cutinases hydrolyze the wa ... | 2009 | 19169353 |
| from genome-based in silico predictions to ex vivo verification of leprosy diagnosis. | the detection of hundreds of thousands of new cases of leprosy every year suggests that transmission of mycobacterium leprae infection still continues. unfortunately, tools for identification of asymptomatic disease and/or early-stage m. leprae infection (likely sources of transmission) are lacking. the recent identification of m. leprae-unique genes has allowed the analysis of human t-cell responses to novel m. leprae antigens. antigens with the most-promising diagnostic potential were tested f ... | 2009 | 19176694 |
| leprosy: not always an easy diagnosis and often a management challenge. | leprosy is rare in australia, particularly in the southern states. we report two cases of leprosy in southern australia that presented to the dermatology outpatients' department within a 4-month period. the presentation of the first case was complex, making the correct diagnosis difficult. both cases involved immigrants from south-east asia, were classified as multi-bacillary leprosy as defined by the world health organization, and were commenced on the recommended multiple drug therapy. the ens ... | 2009 | 19178490 |
| diagnostic usefulness of a t-cell-based assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. | the low reactivity of the tuberculin skin test limits its clinical use in immunocompromised patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. a recently developed t-cell-based assay for diagnosing tuberculosis infection gave promising results. however, there were few data on the usefulness of this assay for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. | 2009 | 19185094 |
| immune response to vaccination with dna-hsp65 in a phase i clinical trial with head and neck cancer patients. | dna-hsp65, a dna vaccine encoding the 65-kda heat-shock protein of mycobacterium leprae (hsp65) is capable of inducing the reduction of established tumors in mouse models. we conducted a phase i clinical trial of dna-hsp65 in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma. in this article, we report on the vaccine's potential to induce immune responses to hsp65 and to its human homologue, hsp60, in these patients. twenty-one patients with unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck ... | 2009 | 19197326 |
| is leprosy spreading among nine-banded armadillos in the southeastern united states? | in the united states, nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus) populations are derived from two sources: (1) a continuous range expansion from mexico led to western populations, some of which, particularly along the western gulf coast and west side of the mississippi river delta, exhibit persistently high rates of leprosy infection, and (2) a small group of animals released from captivity in florida gave rise to eastern populations that were all considered leprosy free. given that western an ... | 2009 | 19204343 |
| heparin-binding hemagglutinin (hbha) of mycobacterium leprae is expressed during infection and enhances bacterial adherence to epithelial cells. | a heparin-binding hemagglutinin (hbha) expressed on the surface of mycobacterium tuberculosis is an antigenic protein that has been implicated in bacterial adherence to epithelial cells and systemic dissemination. in this study, the potential role of the mycobacterium leprae hbha (ml-hbha) homologue in leprosy was investigated. initially, the in vivo expression of hbha and its association with the m. leprae cell envelope was confirmed by immunoblotting and proteomic analysis. mycobacterium lepra ... | 2009 | 19220476 |
| temperature dependency for survival of mycobacterium leprae in macrophages. | hansen's disease is caused by an infection with an intracellular pathogen, mycobacterium leprae, which mainly inhabits macrophages and schwann cells. however, little is known about the survival or growth mechanisms of the bacilli in mouse and human macrophages. in the present study, by using radiorespirometry analysis for the evaluation of the viability of m. leprae, we observed that in vitro incubation of m. leprae-infected macrophages at 35 degrees c was more growth permissive than at 37 degre ... | 2009 | 19227144 |
| [structure and anti-m. leprae activity relationships of new quinolones]. | due to the emergence of drug resistant m. leprae, there is a need to look for new drugs for the treatment of leprosy. we evaluated the effectiveness of new quinolones in vitro as well as in vivo. the in vitro and in vivo results suggested that a cyclopropyl group at the 1-position, cooh at the 3-position, oh at the 4-position, nh2 or oh-substitutions at the 5-position, f at the 6-position, 5- and 6-membered rings at the 7-position, halogen (f or cl) or och3 at the 8-position of the quinolone cor ... | 2009 | 19227145 |
| [detection of rna expression on whole genome analysis of mycobacterium leprae by tiling array]. | completion of mycobacterium leprae genome sequence revealed that there are many pseudogenes and non-coding regions, but rather small numbers of protein-coding genes. although it was thought that pseudogenes and non-coding regions were silent and junk, our previous studies indicated that rna expression was detected from these regions. to elucidate comprehensive rna expression pattern on m. leprae whole genome, tiling array was designed and total rna of m. leprae thai-53 strain was analyzed. as a ... | 2009 | 19227149 |
| [comprehensive analysis of rna expression of mycobacterium leprae and clinical and biological significance]. | completion of mycobacterium leprae genome sequence revealed that there are many pseudogenes and non-coding regions, but rather small numbers of protein-coding genes. this result indicates that m. leprae is a very unique organism, and this future is important to understand the biological nature and/or pathogenicity of m. leprae, which remain unclear. we attempted to find the biological nature of m. leprae by detecting the gene and pseudogene regions transcribed at high level. we detected the geno ... | 2009 | 19227151 |
| recent advances in the molecular epidemiology of leprosy. | recent advances in the molecular epidemiology of leprosy through genotyping of variable number tandem repeats (vntrs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are described. vntrs with a broad range of diversity are useful genotyping tools for analyzing transmission in community areas, and snps and vntrs with a small degree of variation are favorable for investigating the global transmission of leprosy. we expect that the transmission of leprosy can be fully analyzed by the application of thes ... | 2009 | 19227152 |
| [report of the ninth meeting of the who technical advisory group of leprosy control]. | the ninth meeting of the who technical advisory group (tag) on leprosy control was held in cairo, egypt on 6th and 7th march 2008. the meeting was chaired by professor w.c.s. smith and attended by national leprosy programme managers from brazil, the democratic republic of congo, cambodia, egypt, iran, india, nigeria and thailand. in addition, several experts and members of the technical commission of the international federation ofanti-leprosy associations (ilep) also attended the meeting. | 2009 | 19227153 |
| lymphotoxin-alpha and tnf have essential but independent roles in the evolution of the granulomatous response in experimental leprosy. | recent studies identified an association between genetic variants in the lymphotoxin-alpha (ltalpha) gene and leprosy. to study the influence of ltalpha on the control of experimental leprosy, both low- and high-dose mycobacterium leprae foot pad (fp) infections were evaluated in ltalpha-deficient chimeric (cltalpha(-/-)) and control chimeric (cb6) mice. cellular responses to low-dose infection in cltalpha(-/-) mice were dramatically different, with reduced accumulation of cd4(+) and cd8(+) lymp ... | 2009 | 19246648 |
| peroxynitrite detoxification by ferryl mycobacterium leprae truncated hemoglobin o. | during infection, mycobacterium leprae is faced with the host macrophagic environment limiting the growth of the bacilli. however, (pseudo-)enzymatic detoxification systems, including truncated hemoglobin o (ml-trhbo), could allow this mycobacterium to persist in vivo. here, kinetics of peroxynitrite (onooh/onoo(-)) detoxification by ferryl ml-trhbo (ml-trhbo-fe(iv)=o), obtained by treatment with h(2)o(2), is reported. values of the second-order rate constant for peroxynitrite detoxification by ... | 2009 | 19250633 |
| functional insights by comparison of modeled structures of 18kda small heat shock protein and its mutant in mycobacterium leprae. | in this work we are proposing homology modeled structures of mycobacterium leprae 18kda heat shock protein and its mutant. the more closely related structure of the small heat shock protein (shsp) belonging to the eukaryotic species from wheat shsp16.9 and 16.3kda acr1 protein from mycobacterium tuberculosis were used as template structures. each model contains an n-terminal domain, alpha-crystalline domain and a c-terminal tail. the models showed that a single point mutation from serine to prol ... | 2008 | 19255639 |
| [utility of molecular biology in the microbiological diagnosis of mycobacterial infections]. | species within the mycobacterium genus are of major medical interest, since, together with environmental and opportunistic species, there are two species (mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae) that remain an important public health challenge. despite efforts to control tuberculosis (tb), this disease remains one of the most prominent health problems worldwide. in the last few years, mycobacteriology has experienced major technological advances. nevertheless, the early diagnosis of ... | 2008 | 19195445 |
| expression of adipose differentiation-related protein (adrp) and perilipin in macrophages infected with mycobacterium leprae. | mycobacterium leprae survives and replicates within a lipid droplet stored in the enlarged phagosome of histiocytes, a typical feature of lepromatous leprosy that is thought to be an important nutrient source for the bacillus. however, the underlying mechanisms by which lipids accumulate within phagosomes remain unclear. recently, it was revealed that the lipid droplet-associated proteins, including adrp and perilipin, play essential roles in lipid accumulation in adipocytes or macrophages. ther ... | 2008 | 19054096 |
| wade histoid leprosy masquerading as eruptive xanthomas. | 2008 | 19061579 | |
| lepromatous leprosy. | lepromatous leprosy is a form of chronic granulomatous disease that is caused by infection with mycobacterium leprae. early involvement is marked by widespread, ill-defined, erythematous papules and plaques. with early intervention, leprosy is a curable disease; however, if not recognized and treated promptly, permanent sequelae and disability result. we present a patient with long-standing lepromatous leprosy who exhibits many of these sequelae. | 2008 | 19061626 |
| do human gammadelta t cells respond to m tuberculosis protein antigens? | 2008 | 19029457 | |
| a new mycobacterium species causing diffuse lepromatous leprosy. | mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy. m leprae strains collected worldwide have been genetically clonal, which poorly explains the varying severity and clinical features of the disease. we discovered a new mycobacterium species from 2 patients who died of diffuse lepromatous leprosy (dll). the mycobacterium was purified from heavily infected, freshly frozen autopsy liver tissue followed by dna extraction in 1 case. paraffin-embedded skin tissue was used for dna extraction in another case. six gen ... | 2008 | 19019760 |
| rapid hiv testing among leprosy patients: a brazilian experience. | 2008 | 19000392 | |
| [evaluation of training programs in hansen's disease: opinion of physicians and nurses of family health teams]. | hansen's disease is a contagious, milenar disease caused by the mycobacterium leprae that manifests itself in the cutaneal cells and the peripheral nerves. in the decade of 1990, the control for the disease was descentralized from the state to the municipality level. a northeastern state in brazil implemented a series of training programs for health professionals in primary attention. the objective of this study was to evaluate these training programs, based on the opinions of the physicians and ... | 2008 | 19009106 |
| [detection of mycobacterium leprae dna in nasal swab]. | studies have demonstrated high sensibility of the polimerase chain reaction (pcr) technique in the identification of the mycobacterium leprae dna . this study aimed to evalue the pcr sensibility at the detection of the m. leprae dna in nasal swab of leprosy patients and to compare the results with the bacilloscopy and multibacillary (mbs) and paucibacilares (pbs) forms. nasal secretion samples of 24 leprosy patients were collected, and were preserved in one and two lise's solution. the pcr resul ... | 2008 | 19009116 |
| the biology of nerve injury in leprosy. | the steps in the pathogenesis of nerve injury in leprosy are depicted in figure 1. localisation of m. leprae to nerve, schwann cell infection & responses, as yet unknown mechanisms of injury, axonal atrophy, and finally demyelination. these steps, and the mechanisms responsible for them, occur quickly in the course of this disease (as noted, even the earliest diagnostic lesions have sensory abnormalities), but they are also chronic processes that may contribute to progressive nerve injury over a ... | 2008 | 19009974 |
| erythema nodosum leprosum in nepal: a retrospective study of clinical features and response to treatment with prednisolone or thalidomide. | erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) is an inflammatory reaction, which may occur in the course of leprosy and may result in nerve function impairment and subsequent disability. | 2008 | 19009975 |
| an 8-12 year follow-up of highly bacillated indian leprosy patients treated with who multi-drug therapy. | to follow up highly bacillated leprosy patients for a long period after release from treatment (rft) and to look out for possibility of relapses. | 2008 | 19009979 |
| activation of complement by mycobacterium leprae requires disruption of the bacilli. | the immune-mediated events that precipitate erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) are not well understood. one component may be the complexing of antibody with antigens released from infected macrophages, the activation of complement and the subsequent local inflammation. we assess here the ability of highly-purified, disrupted m. leprae, to activate complement. | 2008 | 19009980 |
| assessment of subclinical leprosy infection through the measurement of pgl-1 antibody levels in residents of a former leprosy colony in thailand. | to investigate the hypothesis that there is continuing subclinical m. leprae infection, contributing to ongoing transmission of leprosy in phra-pradaeng colony. | 2008 | 19009981 |
| relapses in multibacillary leprosy patients after multidrug therapy. | to determine the magnitude of relapses in multibacillary leprosy patients after multi-drug therapy and to determine the factors influencing the relapse. | 2008 | 19009982 |
| two microbiological relapses in a patient with lepromatous leprosy. | a lepromatous patient treated with dapsone in the pre-mdt era to the point of smear negativity (> 6 years), relapsed 5 years after stopping treatment. he was then put on who-mdt for multibacillary (mb) leprosy, and was treated again; he had negative slit skin smears (3 years). he again presented with a relapse of leprosy 17 years after stopping treatment, and this time he presented with borderline leprosy in reaction. | 2008 | 19009984 |
| schwann cell invasion by m. leprae: the probable trojan horse. | 2008 | 19009985 | |
| can primary health centres offer care to the leprosy-disabled after integration with general health services?--a study in rural india. | 2008 | 19009987 | |
| enumeration of mycobacterium leprae using real-time pcr. | mycobacterium leprae is not cultivable in axenic media, and direct microscopic enumeration of the bacilli is complex, labor intensive, and suffers from limited sensitivity and specificity. we have developed a real-time pcr assay for quantifying m. leprae dna in biological samples. primers were identified to amplify a shared region of the multicopy repeat sequence (rlep) specific to m. leprae and tested for sensitivity and specificity in the taqman format. the assay was specific for m. leprae and ... | 2008 | 18982056 |
| efficient chemical synthesis of a dodecasaccharidyl lipomannan component of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan. | lipomannan (lm) is one of the domains of lipoarabinomannan (lam) glycolipids, the latter being one of several cell surface organic molecules that fortify mycobacterial species against external attack. some members of mycobacterial families are pathogenic, most notably mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae, while others are nonpathogenic, and used in the clinic, such as mycobacterium smegmatis. additional biological significance arises from the fact that lm has been implicated in se ... | 2008 | 18989931 |
| serological diagnosis of leprosy in patients in vietnam by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with mycobacterium leprae-derived major membrane protein ii. | a serological diagnostic test using phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i) developed in the 1980s is commercially available, but the method is still inefficient in detecting all forms of leprosy. therefore, more-specific and -reliable serological methods have been sought. we have characterized major membrane protein ii (mmp-ii) as a candidate protein for a new serological antigen. in this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using the mmp-ii antigen (mmp- ... | 2008 | 18945881 |
| long simple sequence repeats in host-adapted pathogens localize near genes encoding antigens, housekeeping genes, and pseudogenes. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs) in dna sequences are tandem iterations of a single nucleotide or a short oligonucleotide. ssrs are subject to slipped-strand mutations and a common source of phase variation in bacteria and antigenic variation in pathogens. significantly long ssrs are generally rare in prokaryotic genomes, and long ssrs composed of iterations of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetranucleotides are mostly restricted to host-adapted pathogens. we present new results concerning associations bet ... | 2008 | 18925380 |
| a novel method for simple detection of mutations conferring drug resistance in mycobacterium leprae, based on a dna microarray, and its applicability in developing countries. | a simple method to detect mutations in the genome of mycobacterium leprae that confer resistance to key drugs for leprosy was exploited on the basis of a reverse hybridization system. a series of oligonucleotide probes corresponding to each mutation in the folp1, rpob and gyra genes for dapsone, rifampicin and ofloxacin resistance, respectively, were selected and fixed on a glass slide as capture probes, to develop a dna microarray termed the leprosy drug susceptibility-dna microarray (lds-da). ... | 2008 | 18809547 |
| the spatial distribution of leprosy in four villages in bangladesh: an observational study. | there is a higher case-detection rate for leprosy among spatially proximate contacts such as household members and neighbors. spatial information regarding the clustering of leprosy can be used to improve intervention strategies. identifying high-risk areas within villages around known cases can be helpful in finding new cases. | 2008 | 18811968 |
| how to prevent immunological reactions in leprosy patients and interrupt transmission of mycobacterium leprae to healthy subjects: two hypotheses. | the basis of world health organization strategy for leprosy elimination is that the only source and reservoir for infection are patients with the disease. it was assumed that multi drug therapy (mdt) would reduce transmission of mycobacterium leprae, but there is no convincing evidence for this. furthermore, even if mdt has been proved to be extremely effective against the infectious disease, a noticeable proportion of leprosy patients can suffer from immunologic hypersensitivity reactions which ... | 2008 | 18614293 |
| protective efficacy of different strategies employing mycobacterium leprae heat-shock protein 65 against tuberculosis. | tuberculosis is a major threat to human health. the high disease burden remains unaffected and the appearance of extremely drug-resistant strains in different parts of the world argues in favor of the urgent need for a new effective vaccine. one of the promising candidates is heat-shock protein 65 when used as a genetic vaccine (dnahsp65). nonetheless, there are substantial data indicating that bcg, the only available anti-tb vaccine for clinical use, provides other important beneficial effects ... | 2008 | 18694348 |
| armauer hansen (1841-1912): discoverer of the cause of leprosy. | 2008 | 18695857 | |
| role of pgl-i of m. leprae in tnf-alpha production by in vitro whole blood assay. | phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i) is known to be a major antigen of mycobacterium leprae. we have studied the influence of pgl-i on the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) using the in vitro whole blood assay. armadillo-derived m. leprae (adml) are thought to be depleted of pgl-i during the purification process. m. leprae obtained from mouse foot pad material (mfpml) has been subjected to a less rigorous purification process; their pgl-i coating is therefore believed to be more in ... | 2008 | 18700620 |
| recovery of ifn-gamma levels in pbmcs from lepromatous leprosy patients through the synergistic actions of the cytokines il-12 and il-18. | the shift to the production of a th1 cytokine profile during an intracellular infection has been shown to depend on antigen presenting cells-derived il-12 and t-cell-derived ifn-gamma production. il-18 facilitates th1 priming in synergy with il-12 through the stimulation of ifn-gamma production by t cells, b cells, nk cells, macrophages and dcs. a low level of ifn-gamma production in pbmc cultures from lepromatous leprosy patients (ll) has been previously reported by several groups. we evaluated ... | 2008 | 18708162 |
| host-derived oxidized phospholipids and hdl regulate innate immunity in human leprosy. | intracellular pathogens survive by evading the host immune system and accessing host metabolic pathways to obtain nutrients for their growth. mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, is thought to be the mycobacterium most dependent on host metabolic pathways, including host-derived lipids. although fatty acids and phospholipids accumulate in the lesions of individuals with the lepromatous (also known as disseminated) form of human leprosy (l-lep), the origin and significance of the ... | 2008 | 18636118 |
| survey to identify mycobacterium leprae-infected household contacts of patients from prevalent regions of leprosy in colombia. | leprosy in colombia is in the post-elimination phase; nevertheless, there are regions of this country where the incidence is still around 3-4/100,000. early detection of leprosy patients is a priority for achieving control and elimination of leprosy; however, the clinical exam is not very sensitive and thus, the majority of patients are diagnosed only when they demonstrate lesions, and damage to the nerves and skin has already occurred. the goal of the present study was to identify mycobacterium ... | 2008 | 18660985 |
| morphological and functional characterizations of schwann cells stimulated with mycobacterium leprae. | nerve damage, a characteristic of leprosy, is the cause of patient deformities and a consequence of schwann cells (sc) infection by mycobacterium leprae. although function/dysfunction of sc in human diseases like leprosy is difficult to study, many in vitro models, including sc lines derived from rat and/or human schwannomas, have been employed. st88-14 is one of the cell lineages used by many researchers as a model for m. leprae/sc interaction. however, it is necessary to establish the values a ... | 2008 | 18660991 |
| leprosy-specific oral lesions: a report of three cases. | leprosy is a chronic infection caused by mycobacterium leprae, a bacillus that presents a peculiar tropism for the skin and peripheral nerves. the clinical spectrum of leprosy ranges from the tuberculoid form (tt) to the disseminative and progressive lepromatous form (ll). oral lesions are rare but, when present, occur in the lepromatous form. this article describes the clinical and microscopic findings of three cases of ll with oral manifestations. all patients had the lepromatous form and thei ... | 2008 | 18667979 |
| serological response to chemoprophylaxis in extended contacts in leprosy--a randomized controlled trial. | chemoprophylaxis was carried out on high risk group of extended contacts of new leprosy cases in nyaungdon township, ayeyarwaddy division, myanmar and serological response was followed up for two years. in september 2003, blood samples were collected from 829 contacts after getting informed consent and sera were tested for immunoglobulin m antibodies using ntp-bsa elisa test. these 300 seropositives were randomized to treated and non-treated groups. in each group 102 each were enrolled in adults ... | 2008 | 18341017 |
| midfacial leprosy. | leprosy is a chronic bacterial disease that has many clinical presentations. we are reporting a patient who presented with an erythematous plaque over the nose, which was proved to be due to leprosy. we think that this type of clinical feature is not a common presentation for leprosy. | 2008 | 18341018 |
| [molecular mechanisms for intracellular parasitisation and exclusion in macrophage infected with mycobacterium leprae]. | it was previously demonstrated that tlr2 and coro1a (taco, coronin 1, p57) localize phagosome membrane of macrophage. however, the functional relationship between tlr2 and coro1a was not known. we show here that there is a functional counteraction between tlr2 and coro1a. | 2008 | 18341026 |
| histopathological study of ocular erythema nodosum leprosum and post-therapeutic scleral perforation: a case report. | leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by mycobacterium leprae , clinically present either as tuberculoid, borderline or lepromatous type. erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) is an acute humoral response in the chronic course of lepromatous leprosy. although very severe enl reactions are known in systemic leprosy, such severity is rare in ocular tissues. a leprosy uveitis patient suffered from a severe form of post-therapeutic enl reaction which resulted in perforation of the globe at the ... | 2008 | 18711273 |
| a comparison of ml flow serology and slit skin smears to assess the bacterial load in newly diagnosed leprosy patients in brazil. | the ml flow test is an immunochromatographic assay that detects igm antibodies against m. leprae-specific anti-phenolic glycolipid i (pgl-i). in addition to slit skin smears stained by the ziehl-neelsen technique, it can be helpful in the operational classification of leprosy patients for treatment purposes. | 2008 | 18711938 |
| selection of antigens and development of prototype tests for point-of-care leprosy diagnosis. | leprosy can be a devastating chronic infection that causes nerve function impairment and associated disfigurement. despite the recent reduction in the number of registered worldwide leprosy cases as a result of the widespread use of multidrug therapy, the number of new cases detected each year remains relatively stable. the diagnosis of leprosy is currently based on the appearance of clinical signs and requires expert clinical, as well as labor-intensive and time-consuming laboratory or histolog ... | 2008 | 18716007 |
| administration of m. leprae hsp65 interferes with the murine lupus progression. | the heat shock protein [hsp] family guides several steps during protein synthesis, are abundant in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and are highly conserved during evolution. the hsp60 family is involved in assembly and transport of proteins, and is expressed at very high levels during autoimmunity or autoinflammatory phenomena. here, the pathophysiological role of the wild type [wt] and the point mutated k(409)a recombinant hsp65 of m. leprae in an animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus ... | 2008 | 18716655 |