Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
microrna-124 negatively regulates tlr signaling in alveolar macrophages in response to mycobacterial infection.the emerging roles of micrornas (mirnas) in regulating immune responses have attracted increasing attention in recent years; and the alveolar macrophages (ams) are the main targets of mycobacterial infection, which play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. however, the immunoregulatory role of mirnas in ams has not been fully demonstrated. in this study, we find that mir-124 is up-regulated in the peripheral leukocytes of patients with pulmonary tuberculosi ...201424995397
sharing expertise on mycobacterium bovis. 201424993712
evaluation of ethanol vortex elisa for detection of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and deer.the use of serological assays for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (tb) has been intensively studied and use of specific antigens have aided in improving the diagnostic accuracy of the assays. in the present study, we report an in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), developed by using ethanol extract of mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis). the assay, named (ethanol vortex elisa [evelisa]), was evaluated for detection of anti- m. bovis antibodies in the sera of cattle and white-tailed dee ...201424992970
immunodeficiency associated with a nonsense mutation of ikbkb.we report an infant of consanguineous parents of turkish decent with a novel immunodeficiency associated with homozygosity for a nonsense mutation of the gene encoding inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-b (nf-κb) kinase subunit beta (ikkβ). at five months, she presented with respiratory insufficiency and pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia which was successfully treated. at nine months, iatrogenic systemic infection with mycobacterium bovis was found and eventually led to her death at age 14 months. ...201425216719
impact of in vitro evolution on antigenic diversity of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg).mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg), the only vaccine currently used against tuberculosis, is an attenuated derivative of m. bovis that has been propagated in vitro for more than 40 years. we have previously reported that the experimentally-verified human t cell epitopes of the m. tuberculosis complex (mtbc) are the most conserved elements of the genome; whether immune recognition is the force driving the conservation of epitopes in the mtbc is unknown. therefore, we sequenced the ...201425211768
mycobacterium bovis bcg promotes tumor cell survival from tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis.increased incidence of lung cancer among pulmonary tuberculosis patients suggests mycobacteria-induced tumorigenic response in the host. the alveolar epithelial cells, candidate cells that form lung adenocarcinoma, constitute a niche for mycobacterial replication and infection. we thus explored the possible mechanism of m. bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg)-assisted tumorigenicity in type ii epithelial cells, human lung adenocarcinoma a549 and other cancer cells.201425208737
bovine tuberculosis surveillance in cattle and free-ranging wildlife in eu member states in 2013: a survey-based review.bovine tuberculosis (tb) is a common disease in cattle and wildlife, with animal health, zoonotic and economic impacts. most of the tb data for the european union (eu) concern the epidemiological situation, but comprehensive descriptions of the way in which surveillance is conducted in each country are rare, despite being essential for cross-europe comparisons. a european survey was conducted in the 28 member states and in three other neighboring countries (norway, macedonia and switzerland), to ...201425205200
impact of protein domains on pe_pgrs30 polar localization in mycobacteria.pe_pgrs proteins are unique to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and a number of other pathogenic mycobacteria. pe_pgrs30, which is required for the full virulence of m. tuberculosis (mtb), has three main domains, i.e. an n-terminal pe domain, repetitive pgrs domain and the unique c-terminal domain. to investigate the role of these domains, we expressed a gfp-tagged pe_pgrs30 protein and a series of its functional deletion mutants in different mycobacterial species (mtb, mycobacterium bovis ...201425390359
mycobacterium caprae infection in humans.mycobacterium caprae, a member of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, causes tuberculosis (tb) in man and animals. some features distinguish m. caprae from its epidemiological twin, mycobacterium bovis: m. caprae is evolutionarily older, accounts for a smaller burden of zoonotic tb and is not globally distributed, but primarily restricted to european countries. m. caprae occurs only in a low proportion of human tb cases and this proportion may even decrease, if progress toward eradication of ...201425345680
development of a new tuberculosis vaccine: is there value in the mucosal approach?tb is a global health problem, killing 1.5 million people every year. the only currently available vaccine, mycobacterium bovis bcg, is effective against severe childhood forms, but it demonstrates a variable efficacy against the pulmonary form of tb in adults. many of these adult tb cases result from the reactivation of an initially controlled, latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. effective prophylactic vaccination remains the key long-term strategy for combating tb. continued belief in ...201425341121
overexpression of the salmonella kdpf membrane peptide modulates expression of kdp genes and intramacrophage growth.membrane peptides appear as an emerging class of regulatory molecules in bacteria, which can interact with membrane proteins, including transporters and sensor kinases. the kdpf peptide, which is cotranscribed with kdpabc genes and regulated by the kdpde two-component system, is supposed to stabilize the kdpabc potassium transporter complex but may also exhibit unsuspected regulatory function(s). the mycobacterial kdpf can interact with the kdpd histidine kinase, and kdpf overexpression has been ...201425197761
humoral and lung immune responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a primate model of protection (.)recently we reported (mehra et al., 2013), that lung granulomas from mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg)-vaccinated cynomolgus macaques exhibit upon challenge with m. tuberculosis a more balanced expression of α- and β-chemokines, relative to comparable samples from sham-vaccinated animals by comparative transcriptomics. here, we studied the recruitment of immune cells to blood and lungs in m. tuberculosis-infected macaques as a function of prior bcg-vaccination. vaccination initia ...201425197327
rapid identification of veterinary-relevant mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species using 16s rdna, is6110 and regions of difference-targeted dual-labelled hydrolysis probes.members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) are causative agents of tuberculosis (tb) in both humans and animals. mtc species are genetically very similar but may differ in their epidemiology, namely geographic distribution and host preferences, virulence traits and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. however, the conventional laboratory diagnosis does not routinely differentiate between the species of the mtc. in this work we describe a rapid and robust two-step five-target probe ...201425192844
effects of mycobacteria major secretion protein, ag85b, on allergic inflammation in the lung.many epidemiological studies have suggested that the recent increase in prevalence and severity of allergic diseases such as asthma is inversely correlated with mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette guerin (bcg) vaccination. however, the underlying mechanisms by which mycobacterial components suppress allergic diseases are not yet fully understood. here we showed the inhibitory mechanisms for development of allergic airway inflammation by using highly purified recombinant ag85b (rag85b), which i ...201425192550
disseminated bacillus calmette guerin disease in a twin infant with severe combined immunodeficiency disease.fatal-disseminated bacillus calmette guerin (bcg) disease is well known in infants with severe combined immunodeficiency after bcg vaccination. we report a 7 month male infant delivered as a product of in vitro fertilization and twin gestation that presented with fever, cough and multiple nodular skin lesions. a biopsy of skin lesions revealed the presence of acid fast bacilli. mycobacterium bovis infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and molecular studies. immunological pro ...201425191057
primary epiphyseal osteomyelitis caused by mycobacterium species in otherwise healthy toddlers.mycobacterial osteomyelitis involving only the epiphysis of a long bone is extremely rare, and its clinical and radiographic features remain unclear. the purpose of this study was to characterize mycobacterial epiphyseal osteomyelitis and to identify differences between its features and those reported for epiphyseal osteomyelitis caused by bacteria or unidentified pathogens.201425187589
prevalence of mycobacterium bovis skin positivity and associated risk factors in cattle from western uganda.a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of mycobacterium bovis skin positivity and associated risk factors in cattle in western uganda.201425187023
revaccination of cattle with bacille calmette-guérin two years after first vaccination when immunity has waned, boosted protection against challenge with mycobacterium bovis.in both humans and animals, controversy exists concerning the duration of protection induced by bcg vaccine against tuberculosis (tb) and whether revaccination enhances protection. a long-term study was undertaken to determine whether bcg-vaccinated calves would be protected against challenge with mycobacterium bovis 2½ years after vaccination and to determine the effect of revaccination after 2 years. seventy-nine calves were divided into five groups (n = 15-17 calves/group) with four of the gr ...201425180583
comparison of lcd array and is6110-pcr with conventional techniques for detection of mycobacterium bovis isolated from egyptian cattle and buffaloes.bovine tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial and major infectious disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by mycobacterium bovis. rapid diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis is considered one of the cornerstones for worldwide control as it permits early epidemiological and therapeutic interventions. therefore, this study was designed to evaluate conventional techniques (tuberculin test, ziehl neelsen staining and culturing) in comparison with proven molecular laboratory techniques (lcd array and is6110 ...201426786488
tuberculosis in domestic animal species.m. bovis and m. caprae, members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc), are the major causative agents of tuberculosis in domestic animals. notably, m. bovis exhibits a wide host range; the infection has been reported in many domesticated animals and free or captive wildlife. despite most of them acting as spill-over hosts in particular epidemiological scenarios, some domesticated species as pigs, camelids and goats may display high rates of infection and possibly play a role in the int ...201425151859
intranasal administration of mycobacterium bovis bcg induces superior protection against aerosol infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice.despite the widespread use of mycobacterium bovis bcg, the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (tb), tb remains a global epidemic. to assess whether more direct targeting of the lung mucosa by respiratory immunization would enhance the potency and longevity of bcg-induced anti-tb protective immunity, the long-term impact of intranasal (i.n.) bcg vaccination was compared to conventional subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization by using a mouse model of pulmonary tuberculosis. although significantl ...201425143340
development of a bcg challenge model for the testing of vaccine candidates against tuberculosis in cattle.vaccination is being considered as part of a sustainable strategy for the control of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in the uk. the live attenuated mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) has been used experimentally to vaccinate cattle against btb. however, bcg confers partial protection against btb and therefore, there is a need to develop improved vaccines. btb vaccine efficacy experiments require the use of biosafety level 3 facilities which are expensive to maintain, generally oversubs ...201425138291
characterization of a cross-reactive, immunodominant and hla-promiscuous epitope of mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific major antigenic protein ppe68.ppe68 (rv3873), a major antignic protein encoded by mycobacteriun tuberculosis-specific genomic region of difference (rd)1, is a strong stimulator of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) obtained from tuberculosis patients and mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette guerin (bcg)-vaccianted healthy subjects in t helper (th)1 cell assays, i.e. antigen-induced proliferation and interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) secretion. to confirm the antigen-specific recognition of ppe68 by t cells in ifn-γ assays, a ...201425136958
mycobacterium bovis meningitis in young nigerian-born male.in denmark, tuberculous meningitis is rare. central nervous system (cns) involvement with mycobacterium bovis is even rarer and has only been seen three times since 1992. we present a case of m. bovis meningitis in a previously healthy young nigerian-born male, who had been exposed to unpasteurized dairy products in nigeria but had no known contact with larger mammals. before the development of meningitis, the patient had several contacts with the health system due to fever and non-specific symp ...201425134644
[tuberculosis in cattle - surprisingly re-emerging or continuously present?].tuberculosis in cattle, caused by mycobacterium (m.) bovis/m. caprae, is globally one of the most important zoonotic diseases in cattle. it was widespread in germany until the second half of the 20th century. due to the effective control and eradication campaigns in germany, the epidemic was almost eradicated. consequently, germany was regarded as essentially tuberculosis free since the end of 1961 (west) and the end of 1978 (east). by declaring the unified germany "officially free of tuberculos ...201425119480
evaluation of cocktails with recombinant proteins of mycobacterium bovis for a specific diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.the delayed type hypersensitivity skin test (dth) and interferon-gamma assay are used for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (tbb). the specificity of these diagnoses, however, is compromised because both are based on the response against purified protein derivative of mycobacterium bovis (ppd-b). in this study, we assessed the potential of two cocktails containing m. bovis recombinant proteins: cocktail 1 (c1): esat-6, cfp-10 and mpb83 and cocktail 2 (c2): esat-6, cfp-10, mpb83, hspx, tb10.3, ...201425110654
the application of metabolite profiling to mycobacterium spp.: determination of metabolite changes associated with growth.in order to decipher the complex biological networks underlying biochemical and physiological processes, cellular regulation at all levels must be studied. the metabolites determined by metabolomics represent the end-point of cellular regulation and thus vital components of any integrative network. in the case of pathogenic agents such as mycobacterium tuberculosis metabolomics offers an ideal opportunity to gain a better understanding of how this species adapts to environmental conditions and a ...201425108291
microrna expression profiling of ppd-b stimulated pbmc from m. bovis-challenged unvaccinated and bcg vaccinated cattle.there is an urgent need to identify additional diagnostic biomarkers for bovine tb to complement existing read-out systems such as interferon-gamma and for predictive markers of vaccine efficacy to accelerate vaccine development. to evaluate the potential of mirnas as such biomarkers, we have analysed their expression in bovine ppd stimulated pbmc isolated from unvaccinated and bcg vaccinated cattle before and following mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) infection. using a bovine microrna microarray ...201425107461
macrophage control of phagocytosed mycobacteria is increased by factors secreted by alveolar epithelial cells through nitric oxide independent mechanisms.tissue-resident macrophages are heterogeneous with tissue-specific and niche-specific functions. thus, simplified models of macrophage activation do not explain the extent of heterogeneity seen in vivo. we focus here on the respiratory tract and ask whether factors secreted by alveolar epithelial cells (aec) can influence the functionality of resident pulmonary macrophages (pum). we have previously reported that factors secreted by aec increase control of intracellular growth of bcg in macrophag ...201425089618
hyper-attenuated mtbvac erp mutant protects against tuberculosis in mice.safety of individuals at risk of immune suppression is an important concern for live vaccines. the new-generation tuberculosis vaccine candidate mtbvac, a genetically engineered doubly attenuated mycobacterium tuberculosis mutant with deletions in phop and fadd26 virulence genes has demonstrated comparable safety in different relevant animal models and superior protection in mice as compared to the only currently licensed tuberculosis vaccine mycobacterium bovis bcg. here we describe the constru ...201425066740
cytokines as effectors and predictors of responses in the treatment of bladder cancer by bacillus calmette-guérin.the most effective intravesical treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is instillation of live mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg). bcg stimulates the release of cytokines, contributing directly or indirectly to its effectiveness. however, the function of specific cytokines is not well understood. we have undertaken a nonsystematic review of primary evidence regarding cytokine detection, activation and response in bcg patients. cytokines il-2, il-8 and tnf-α appear to be ...201425052754
rapid rebound of the treg compartment in dereg mice limits the impact of treg depletion on mycobacterial burden, but prevents autoimmunity.the development of an effective vaccine against tuberculosis (tb) represents one of the major medical challenges of this century. mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guerin (bcg), the only vaccine available at present, is mostly effective at preventing disseminated tb in children, but shows variable protection against pulmonary tb, the most common form in adults. the reasons for this poor efficacy are not completely understood, but there is evidence that t regulatory cells (tregs) might be invo ...201425050936
statins increase rifampin mycobactericidal effect.mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium tuberculosis antimicrobial resistance has been followed with great concern during the last years, while the need for new drugs able to control leprosy and tuberculosis, mainly due to extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (xdr-tb), is pressing. our group recently showed that m. leprae is able to induce lipid body biogenesis and cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and schwann cells, facilitating its viability and replication. considering these previous ...201425049257
mycobacterium tuberculosis requires the ecf sigma factor sige to arrest phagosome maturation.sige represents one of the best characterized alternative sigma factors of mycobacterium tuberculosis, playing a major role in the response to several environmental stresses and essential for growth in macrophages and virulence. in previous work we demonstrated that a mutant of m. tuberculosis in which the sige gene was disrupted by a cassette conferring hygromycin resistance is a promising vaccine candidate conferring better protection than mycobacterium bovis bcg in a mouse model of infection. ...201425268826
sources of bovine tuberculosis in the united states.despite control and eradication efforts, bovine tuberculosis continues to be identified at low levels among cattle in the united states. we evaluated possible external sources of infection by characterizing the genetic relatedness of bovine tuberculosis from a national database of reported infections, comparing strains circulating among us cattle with those of imported cattle, and farmed and wild cervids. farmed cervids maintained a genetically distinct mycobacterium bovis strain, and cattle occ ...201425264189
long-term monitoring of 10 selected pathogens in wild boar (sus scrofa) in sierra nevada national park, southern spain.wild boar (sus scrofa) populations are increasing in the iberian peninsula, and population management must include disease management and control. in this study, the epidemiology of 10 selected pathogens (aujeszky's disease virus - adv, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus - prrsv, porcine influenza virus, porcine circovirus, porcine parvovirus, erysipelotrix rhusiopathiae, leptospira pomona, chlamydia/chlamydiaceae sp., salmonella sp. and mycobacterium bovis) in the wild boar pop ...201425261921
improving mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guèrin as a vaccine delivery vector for viral antigens by incorporation of glycolipid activators of nkt cells.recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guèrin (rbcg) has been explored as a vector for vaccines against hiv because of its ability to induce long lasting humoral and cell mediated immune responses. to maximize the potential for rbcg vaccines to induce effective immunity against hiv, various strategies are being employed to improve its ability to prime cd8+ t cells, which play an important role in the control of hiv infections. in this study we adopted a previously described approach o ...201425255287
occurrence of mycobacterium bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) in raw and pasteurized milk in the northwestern region of paraná, brazil.milk is widely consumed in brazil and can be the vehicle of agent transmission. in this study, was evaluated the occurrence of mycobacterium bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) in raw and pasteurized milk consumed in the northwestern region of paraná, brazil. fifty-two milk samples (20 pasteurized and 32 raw) from dairy farms near the municipality of maringa, parana state, brazil were collected. milk samples were decontaminated using 5% oxalic acid method and cultured on lowenstein-jens ...201425242962
molecular typing of mycobacterium bovis isolated in the south of brazil.bovine tuberculosis is a major infectious disease of the cattle. in this study, 85 m. bovis isolates from 162 lymph nodes, obtained from a herd of cattle on a farm in southern brazil, were evaluated using spoligotyping and vntr. the strains were grouped into five clusters and five orphans, showing a heterogenic genetic profile, what could represent diverse geographic origins of the introduced cows and/or the frequent movement of cattle between different properties.201425242955
molecular typing of mycobacterium bovis isolates: a review.mycobacterium bovis is the main causative agent of animal tuberculosis (tb) and it may cause tb in humans. molecular typing of m. bovis isolates provides precise epidemiological data on issues of inter- or intra-herd transmission and wildlife reservoirs. techniques used for typing m. bovis have evolved over the last 2 decades, and pcr-based methods such as spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (miru-vntr) have been extensively used. these tech ...201425242917
[screening and identification of c7c peptide ligands of mycobacterium tuberculosis].to obtain the c7c peptide ligands of mycobacterium tuberculosis by affinity screening based on the phage-displayed random c7c peptide library, and preliminarily identify the binding capacity of the peptide to mycobacterium.201425312572
orchestration of pulmonary t cell immunity during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: immunity interruptus.despite the introduction almost a century ago of mycobacterium bovis bcg (bcg), an attenuated form of m. bovis that is used as a vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis remains a global health threat and kills more than 1.5 million people each year. this is mostly because bcg fails to prevent pulmonary disease--the contagious form of tuberculosis. although there have been significant advances in understanding how the immune system responds to infection, the qualities that define ...201425311810
virulence of two strains of mycobacterium bovis in cattle following aerosol infection.over the past two decades, highly virulent strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis have emerged and spread rapidly in man, suggesting a selective advantage based on virulence. a similar scenario has not been described for mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle (i.e. bovine tuberculosis). an epidemiological investigation of a recent outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a usa dairy indicated that the causative strain of m. bovis (strain 10-7428) was particularly virulent, with rapid spread within the ...201425306158
genetic diversity and dynamic distribution of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates causing pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in thailand.this study examined the genetic diversity and dynamicity of circulating mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in thailand using nearly neutral molecular markers. the single nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based genotypes of 1,414 culture-positive m. tuberculosis isolates from 1,282 pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) and 132 extrapulmonary tb (eptb) patients collected from 1995 to 2011 were characterized. among the eight snp cluster groups (scg), scg2 (44.1%), which included the beijing (bj) genotype, and s ...201425297330
disseminated bacillus calmette-guerin infections after intravesical therapy.intravesical instillation of bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) is the treatment of choice for superficial bladder carcinoma. disseminated bcg infection presenting as granulomatous hepatitis or pneumonitis is a very rare complication of this treatment. here we report a case series of seven patients previously treated with bcg presenting with pneumonitis. in two of the cases, identification of mycobacterium bovis was achieved with molecular methods.201425297033
genetics of mycobacterial arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan assembly.the cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis is unique in that it differs significantly from those of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. the thick, carbohydrate- and lipid-rich cell wall with distinct lipoglycans enables mycobacteria to survive under hostile conditions such as shortage of nutrients and antimicrobial exposure. the key features of this highly complex cell wall are the mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (magp)-based and phosphatidyl-myo-inositol-based macromolecular s ...201426104198
bovine tuberculosis in rwanda: prevalence and economic impact evaluation by meat inspection at société des abattoirs de nyabugogo-nyabugogo abattoir, kigali.despite the significant public health burden of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in rwanda, the prevalence of btb is poorly documented. this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of btb in cattle using gross examination of granulomatous lesions, to identify mycobacteria species in suspected samples, and to evaluate the economic impact of meat condemnation based on btb-like lesions in the meat industry in rwanda. routine meat inspection was conducted at société des abattoirs de nyabugogo (saban ...201425685979
three-dimensional in vitro models of granuloma to study bacteria-host interactions, drug-susceptibility, and resuscitation of dormant mycobacteria.mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium bovis, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis can survive within host macrophages in a dormant state, encased within an organized aggregate of immune host cells called granuloma. granulomas consist of uninfected macrophages, foamy macrophages, epithelioid cells, and t lymphocytes accumulated around infected macrophages. within granulomas, activated macrophages can fuse to form multinucleated giant cells, also called giant l ...201424967387
evaluation of the single cervical skin test and interferon gamma responses to detect mycobacterium bovis infected cattle in a herd co-infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.this study reports the performance of the single intradermal tuberculin (sit) test and the interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) assay for mycobacterium bovis in a cattle herd with high prevalence of paratuberculosis (ptb). a total of 58/350 animals were selected for necropsy based on one or more of the following criteria: positive to sit, ifn-γ, a breeding cow that seroconverted to ptb and showed signs compatible with a wasting disease. infection status was determined by post mortem diagnostic tests that in ...201424794166
mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibody response, fecal shedding, and antibody cross-reactivity to mycobacterium bovis in m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle herds vaccinated against johne's disease.vaccination for johne's disease with killed inactivated vaccine in cattle herds has shown variable success. the vaccine delays the onset of disease but does not afford complete protection. johne's disease vaccination has also been reported to interfere with measurements of cell-mediated immune responses for the detection of bovine tuberculosis. temporal antibody responses and fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of johne's disease, were measured in 2 ...201424623626
association between caudal fold tuberculin test responses and results of an elisa for mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and mycobacterial culture of feces in tuberculosis-free dairy herds.objective--to evaluate associations between mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) and caudal fold tuberculin (cft) test results in cattle. design--longitudinal and cross-sectional evaluations. animals--1 california (approx 3,600 cows) and 3 colorado (approx 640, 1,190, and 1,480 cows) dairy herds considered free of mycobacterium bovis infection. procedures--in the california herd, the association between cft response and map status was determined with elisa and mycobacterial culture o ...201424548233
comparative functional genomics and the bovine macrophage response to strains of the mycobacterium genus.mycobacterial infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality in cattle and are also potential zoonotic agents with implications for human health. despite the implementation of comprehensive animal surveillance programs, many mycobacterial diseases have remained recalcitrant to eradication in several industrialized countries. two major mycobacterial pathogens of cattle are mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the causative agents of bovine tubercu ...201425414700
characterization of a mycobacterium avium subsp. avium operon associated with virulence and drug detoxification.the lprg-p55 operon of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis is involved in the transport of toxic compounds. p55 is an efflux pump that provides resistance to several drugs, while lprg is a lipoprotein that modulates the host's immune response against mycobacteria. the knockout mutation of this operon severely reduces the replication of both mycobacterial species during infection in mice and increases susceptibility to toxic compounds. in order to gain insight into the function of ...201424967408
differences in immune cell function between tuberculosis positive and negative asian elephants.tuberculosis is an important health concern for asian elephant (elephas maximus) populations worldwide, however, mechanisms underlying susceptibility to mycobacterium tuberculosis are unknown. proliferative responses assessed via brominated uridine incorporation and cytokine expression measured by real-time rt-pcr were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) cultures from 8 tuberculosis negative and 8 positive asian elephants. cultures were stimulated with mycobacterium bovis purif ...201424836563
anti-mycobacterial activity of 1,3-diaryltriazenes.the rapid generation and spread of the drug resistant tuberculosis has led to an ongoing demand for novel compounds for therapeutic use. identification and study of compounds with the ability to inhibit mycobacterium tuberculosis is of paramount importance. for this reason, a library of substituted 1,3-diaryltriazenes based on the acting component of the anti-trypanosomal drug, diminazene aceturate was created and evaluated for its potential as anti-tubercular agent. several compounds were ident ...201424631899
biological evaluation of diazene derivatives as anti-tubercular compounds.despite efforts made in chemotherapeutic research in the past and present, mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb), the etiological agent of tuberculosis, still causes more than a million deadly casualties each year, second only to hiv. the rapid generation and spread of drug resistant strains, a problem exacerbated by co-infection with hiv demands further efforts in the investigation of novel classes of anti-tubercular compounds. a library of eight substituted diazenecarboxamides, three carbamoyldiaz ...201424448419
recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin vectors prime for strong cellular responses to simian immunodeficiency virus gag in rhesus macaques.live attenuated nonpathogenic mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) mediates long-lasting immune responses, has been safely administered as a tuberculosis vaccine to billions of humans, and is affordable to produce as a vaccine vector. these characteristics make it very attractive as a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) vaccine vector candidate. here, we assessed the immunogenicity of recombinant bcg (rbcg) constructs with different simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)gag expression ...201425080550
the use of directed evolution to create a stable and immunogenic recombinant bcg expressing a modified hiv-1 gag antigen.numerous features make mycobacterium bovis bcg an attractive vaccine vector for hiv. it has a good safety profile, it elicits long-lasting cellular immune responses and in addition manufacturing costs are affordable. despite these advantages it is often difficult to express viral antigens in bcg, which results in genetic instability and low immunogenicity. the aim of this study was to generate stable recombinant bcg (rbcg) that express high levels of hiv antigens, by modification of the hiv gene ...201425061753
vaccination with gag, vif, and nef gene fragments affords partial control of viral replication after mucosal challenge with sivmac239.broadly targeted cellular immune responses are thought to be important for controlling replication of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (hiv and siv). however, eliciting such responses by vaccination is complicated by immunodominance, the preferential targeting of only a few of the many possible epitopes of a given antigen. this phenomenon may be due to the coexpression of dominant and subdominant epitopes by the same antigen-presenting cell and may be overcome by distributing these sequ ...201424741098
synthesis, cytostatic, antimicrobial, and anti-hcv activity of 6-substituted 7-(het)aryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides.a series of 80 7-(het)aryl- and 7-ethynyl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides bearing a methoxy, methylsulfanyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, methyl, or oxo group at position 6, or 2,6-disubstituted derivatives bearing a methyl or amino group at position 2, were prepared, and the biological activity of the compounds was studied and compared with that of the parent 7-(het)aryl-7-deazaadenosine series. several of the compounds, in particular 6-substituted 7-deazapurine derivatives bearing a furyl or ethy ...201424397620
immunization with a recombinant bacillus calmette-guerin strain confers protective th1 immunity against the human metapneumovirus.along with the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is one of the leading causes of childhood hospitalization and a major health burden worldwide. unfortunately, owing to an inefficient immunological memory, hmpv infection provides limited immune protection against reinfection. furthermore, hmpv can induce an inadequate th2 type immune response that causes severe lung inflammation, leading to airway obstruction. similar to hrsv, it is likely that an effectiv ...201424319265
evolutionary history of tuberculosis shaped by conserved mutations in the phopr virulence regulator.although the bovine tuberculosis (tb) agent, mycobacterium bovis, may infect humans and cause disease, long-term epidemiological data indicate that humans represent a spill-over host in which infection with m. bovis is not self-maintaining. indeed, human-to-human transmission of m. bovis strains and other members of the animal lineage of the tubercle bacilli is very rare. here, we report on three mutations affecting the two-component virulence regulation system phop/phor (phopr) in m. bovis and ...201425049399
phylogenetic polymorphisms in antibiotic resistance genes of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.sequence analysis of known antibiotic resistance genes of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) is increasingly being used to infer phenotypic resistance to a variety of antibiotics. however, a clear understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship is required to interpret genotypic susceptibility results accurately. in this context, it is particularly important to distinguish phylogenetically informative neutral polymorphisms from true resistance-conferring mutations.201424458512
sub-speciation of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from tuberculosis patients in japan.mycobacterium tuberculosis is the major causative agent of tuberculosis in humans. it is well known that mycobacterium bovis and other species in the m. tuberculosis complex (mtc) can cause respiratory diseases as zoonosis. we analyzed the mtc isolates collected from tuberculosis patients from japan in 2002 using a multiplex pcr system that detected cfp32, rd9 and rd12. a total of 970 mtc isolates that were representative of the tuberculosis cases throughout japan, were examined using this metho ...201424183617
identification of mycobacterium species following growth detection with the bactec mgit 960 system by dna line probe assay.the tuberculosis and infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) species are increasing in patients presented with respiratory illness, and it is crucial to document the epidemiology of these infections.201426786328
an assessment of zoonotic and production limiting pathogens in rusa deer (cervus timorensis rusa) from mauritius.a population of approximately 70,000 rusa deer (cervus timorensis russa) represents the most important mammal species reared for food on the island of mauritius, being the main source of red meat for the local population. however, very limited information is available on the circulation of pathogens affecting the productivity and health of this species. to produce baseline data on the circulation of infectious pathogens in rusa deer under production, a serological survey and/or direct pathogen d ...201424382104
novel particulate vaccines utilizing polyester nanoparticles (bio-beads) for protection against mycobacterium bovis infection - a review.bovine tuberculosis (tb) continues to be a major health problem in cattle and development of a safe effective vaccine to control tb in cattle would be very useful. this paper reviews progress and provides new data in development of a tb bio-bead vaccine based on polyester nanoparticle inclusions which were produced by bioengineered bacteria. polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) biopolyester nanoparticles (bio-beads) have been produced which displayed mycobacterial antigens, ag85a and esat-6, on the surface ...201423707076
new skin test for detection of bovine tuberculosis on the basis of antigen-displaying polyester inclusions produced by recombinant escherichia coli.the tuberculin skin test for diagnosing tuberculosis (tb) in cattle lacks specificity if animals are sensitized to environmental mycobacteria, as some antigens in purified protein derivative (ppd) prepared from mycobacterium bovis are present in nonpathogenic mycobacteria. three immunodominant tb antigens, esat6, cfp10, and rv3615c, are present in members of the pathogenic mycobacterium tuberculosis complex but absent from the majority of environmental mycobacteria. these tb antigens have the po ...201424532066
engineering new mycobacterial vaccine design for hiv-tb pediatric vaccine vectored by lysine auxotroph of bcg.in this study, we have engineered a new mycobacterial vaccine design by using an antibiotic-free plasmid selection system. we assembled a novel escherichia coli (e. coli)-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid p2auxo.hiva, expressing the hiv-1 clade a immunogen hiva. this shuttle vector employs an antibiotic resistance-free mechanism for plasmid selection and maintenance based on glycine complementation in e. coli and lysine complementation in mycobacteria. this plasmid was first transformed into glycine ...201426015961
[new insight into bacterial zoonotic pathogens posing health hazards to humans].this article presents the problem of evolutionary changes of zoonotic pathogens responsible for human diseases. everyone is exposed to the risk of zoonotic infection, particularly employees having direct contact with animals, i.e. veterinarians, breeders, butchers and workers of animal products' processing industry. the article focuses on pathogens monitored by the european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc), which has been collecting statistical data on zoonoses from all european ...201425902698
prokaryotic expression and functional analysis of the mb1514 gene in mycobacterium bovis.the ability of mycobacteria to grow and invade target tissues is the key component in the process of mycobacterium bovis infection. therefore, analysis of the proteins responsible for cell invasion will assist clinicians in combating bovine tuberculosis. the mb1514 gene of m. bovis encodes a hypothetical invasion protein (designated here as mbinv protein), whose function has not yet been directly identified. in this study, the mb1514 gene from m. bovis was cloned, and expressed in e. coli. the r ...201424141863
a high-throughput small-molecule screen to identify a novel chemical inhibitor of clostridium difficile.clostridium difficile, a highly drug-resistant gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, remains a leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea and antibiotic-associated colitis. clinically, only a handful of antibiotics are used for treating c. difficile infection (cdi), suggesting a necessity for the development of new treatment options. here we performed a high-throughput screen of 2000 drug-like compounds for inhibition of c. difficile. from this screen, one compound, 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroli ...201424837414
neutrophils sense microbe size and selectively release neutrophil extracellular traps in response to large pathogens.neutrophils are critical for antifungal defense, but the mechanisms that clear hyphae and other pathogens that are too large to be phagocytosed remain unknown. we found that neutrophils sensed microbe size and selectively released neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) in response to large pathogens, such as candida albicans hyphae and extracellular aggregates of mycobacterium bovis, but not in response to small yeast or single bacteria. nets were fundamental in countering large pathogens in vivo ...201425217981
scaffold-switching: an exploration of 5,6-fused bicyclic heteroaromatics systems to afford antituberculosis activity akin to the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylates.a set of 5,6-fused bicyclic heteroaromatic scaffolds were investigated for their in vitro anti-tubercular activity versus replicating and non-replicating strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) in an attempt to find an alternative scaffold to the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines that were previously shown to have potent activity against replicating and drug resistant mtb. the five new bicyclic heteroaromatic scaffolds explored in this study include a 2,6-dimethylimidazo[1 ...201424909079
standing of nucleic acid testing strategies in veterinary diagnosis laboratories to uncover mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members.nucleic acid testing (nat) designate any molecular approach used for the detection, identification, and characterization of pathogenic microorganisms, enabling the rapid, specific, and sensitive diagnostic of infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis. these assays have been widely used since the 90s of the last century in human clinical laboratories and, subsequently, also in veterinary diagnostics. most nat strategies are based in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and its several enhancements ...201425988157
detection and molecular characterization of mycobacterium microti isolates in wild boar from northern italy.approximately 23,000 hunter-harvested wild boars from the pre-alpine area of northern italy were examined for tuberculosis over a 9-year period (2003 to 2011). retropharyngeal and mandibular lymph nodes from the wild boars were examined grossly, and 1,151 of the lymph nodes were analyzed in our laboratory by histology (728 samples) and culture isolation (819 samples). mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc)-specific pcr (1,142 samples) was used for molecular-level detection in tissue samples, ...201424871212
tonsils of the soft palate do not mediate the response of pigs to oral vaccination with heat-inactivated mycobacterium bovis.mycobacterium bovis causes animal tuberculosis (tb) in cattle, humans, and other mammalian species, including pigs. the goal of this study was to experimentally assess the responses of pigs with and without a history of tonsillectomy to oral vaccination with heat-inactivated m. bovis and challenge with a virulent m. bovis field strain, to compare pig and wild boar responses using the same vaccination model as previously used in the eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa), to evaluate the use of several ...201424920604
oral re-vaccination of eurasian wild boar with mycobacterium bovis bcg yields a strong protective response against challenge with a field strain.field vaccination trials with mycobacterium bovis bcg, an attenuated mutant of m. bovis, are ongoing in spain, where the eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) is regarded as the main driver of animal tuberculosis (tb). the oral baiting strategy consists in deploying vaccine baits twice each summer, in order to gain access to a high proportion of wild boar piglets. the aim of this study was to assess the response of wild boar to re-vaccination with bcg and to subsequent challenge with an m. bovis field ...201424766746
assessing the effectiveness of tuberculosis management in brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula), through indirect surveillance of mycobacterium bovis infection using released sentinel pigs.in new zealand, wild pigs acquire mycobacterium bovis infection by scavenging tuberculous carrion, primarily carcasses of the main disease maintenance host, the brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula). we investigated the utility of captive-reared, purpose-released pigs as sentinels for tuberculosis (tb) following lethal possum control and subsequent population recovery. within 2-3 years of possum control by intensive poisoning, tb prevalence and the incidence rate of m. bovis infection in rele ...201424804148
the immunodominant t-cell epitopes of the mycolyl-transferases of the antigen 85 complex of m. tuberculosis.the ag85 complex is a 30-32 kda family of three proteins (ag85a, ag85b, and ag85c), which all three possess enzymatic mycolyl-transferase activity involved in the coupling of mycolic acids to the arabinogalactan of the cell wall and in the biogenesis of cord factor. by virtue of their strong potential to induce th1-type immune responses, important for the control of intracellular infections, members of the ag85 family rank among the most promising tb vaccine candidate antigens. ag85a and ag85b, ...201425071781
badger responses to small-scale culling may compromise targeted control of bovine tuberculosis.where wildlife disease requires management, culling is frequently considered but not always effective. in the british isles, control of cattle tuberculosis (tb) is hindered by infection in wild badger (meles meles) populations. large-scale badger culling can reduce the incidence of confirmed cattle tb, but these benefits are undermined by culling-induced changes in badger behavior (termed perturbation), which can increase transmission among badgers and from badgers to cattle. test-vaccinate/remo ...201424927589
oral vaccination with heat inactivated mycobacterium bovis activates the complement system to protect against tuberculosis.tuberculosis (tb) remains a pandemic affecting billions of people worldwide, thus stressing the need for new vaccines. defining the correlates of vaccine protection is essential to achieve this goal. in this study, we used the wild boar model for mycobacterial infection and tb to characterize the protective mechanisms elicited by a new heat inactivated mycobacterium bovis vaccine (iv). oral vaccination with the iv resulted in significantly lower culture and lesion scores, particularly in the tho ...201424842853
oral vaccination of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) with mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg).wildlife reservoirs of mycobacterium bovis represent serious obstacles to the eradication of tuberculosis from livestock, particularly cattle. in michigan, usa tuberculous white-tailed deer transmit m. bovis to other deer and cattle. one approach in dealing with this wildlife reservoir is to vaccinate deer, thus interfering with the intraspecies and interspecies transmission cycles. thirty-three white-tailed deer were assigned to one of two groups; oral vaccination with 1 × 10(8) colony-forming ...201424804678
prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and risk factor assessment in cattle in rural livestock areas of govuro district in the southeast of mozambique.bovine tuberculosis (btb), caused by mycobacterium bovis, is an infectious disease of cattle that also affects other domestic animals, free-ranging and farmed wildlife, and also humans. in mozambique, scattered surveys have reported a wide variation of btb prevalence rates in cattle from different regions. due to direct economic repercussions on livestock and indirect consequences for human health and wildlife, knowing the prevalence rates of the disease is essential to define an effective contr ...201424632593
genome-wide association study identifies novel loci associated with resistance to bovine tuberculosis.tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium bovis is a re-emerging disease of livestock that is of major economic importance worldwide, as well as being a zoonotic risk. there is significant heritability for host resistance to bovine tb (btb) in dairy cattle. to identify resistance loci for btb, we undertook a genome-wide association study in female holstein-friesian cattle with 592 cases and 559 age-matched controls from case herds. cases and controls were categorised into distinct phenotypes: sk ...201424496092
pathogens in water deer (hydropotes inermis) in south korea, 2010-12.water deer (hydropotes inermis) are among the most common wildlife to approach farmhouses and livestock barns in korea. we collected 305 water deer from gangwon (n=168), south chungcheong (n=89), and gyeongsang (n=48) provinces in 2010-12 and used pcr and serologic tests to screen the deer for pathogens. in 2010, tests for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), rotavirus, and brucella abortus were positive in 8% (5/60), 2% (1/60), and 59% (33/56) of the animals, respectively. in 2010, the water dee ...201424779466
rna-seq transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood leukocytes from cattle infected with mycobacterium bovis.bovine tuberculosis, caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis, is a major endemic disease affecting cattle populations worldwide, despite the implementation of stringent surveillance and control programs in many countries. the development of high-throughput functional genomics technologies, including gene expression microarrays and rna-sequencing (rna-seq), has enabled detailed analysis of the host transcriptome to m. bovis infection, particularly at the macrophage and peripheral blood level ...201425206354
disseminated infection due to mycobacterium bovis after intravesical bcg instillation.intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) instillation has been adopted for the treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer. severe adverse events due to local instillation of bcg are uncommon, with an overall rate of serious complications of less than 5%. we report the case of an immunocompetent adult patient with multi-system effects, namely pneumonitis, granulomatous hepatitis and meningitis, who responded well to standard treatment for mycobacterium bovis. this case highlights th ...201425032208
the glycosylated rv1860 protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits dendritic cell mediated th1 and th17 polarization of t cells and abrogates protective immunity conferred by bcg.we previously reported interferon gamma secretion by human cd4⁺ and cd8⁺ t cells in response to recombinant e. coli-expressed rv1860 protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) as well as protection of guinea pigs against a challenge with virulent mtb following prime-boost immunization with dna vaccine and poxvirus expressing rv1860. in contrast, a statens serum institute mycobacterium bovis bcg (bcg-ssi) recombinant expressing mtb rv1860 (bcg-tb1860) showed loss of protective ability compared t ...201424945624
a tetr family transcriptional factor directly regulates the expression of a 3-methyladenine dna glycosylase and physically interacts with the enzyme to stimulate its base excision activity in mycobacterium bovis bcg.3-methyladenine dna glycosylase recognizes and excises a wide range of damaged bases and thus plays a critical role in base excision repair. however, knowledge on the regulation of dna glycosylase in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is limited. in this study, we successfully characterized a tetr family transcriptional factor from mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg), namely bcg0878c, which directly regulates the expression of 3-methyladenine dna glycosylase (designated as mbaag) and infl ...201424509852
evaluation of antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of artemisia nilagirica and murraya koenigii leaf extracts against mycobacteria and macrophages.artemisia nilagirica (asteraceae) and murraya koenigii (rutaceae) are widely distributed in eastern region of india. leaves of artemisia nilagirica plant are used to treat cold and cough by the local tribal population in east india. murraya koenigii is an edible plant previously reported to have an antibacterial activity. pathogenic strains of mycobacteria are resistant to most of the conventional antibiotics. therefore, it is imperative to identify novel antimycobacterial molecules to treat myc ...201424597853
mucosal-associated invariant t-cells: new players in anti-bacterial immunity.mucosal-associated invariant t (mait) cells are an innate-like t-cell population involved in anti-bacterial immunity. in human beings, mait cells are abundant, comprising ~10% of the cd8(+) t-cell compartment in blood. they are enriched at mucosal sites and are particularly prevalent within the liver. mait cells are defined by the expression of a semi-invariant t-cell receptor (vα7.2-jα33/12/20) and are restricted by the non-polymorphic, highly evolutionarily conserved mhc class ib molecule, mhc ...201425339949
rbcg30-induced immunity and cross-protection against mycobacterium leprae challenge are enhanced by boosting with the mycobacterium tuberculosis 30-kilodalton antigen 85b.leprosy remains a major global health problem and typically occurs in regions in which tuberculosis is endemic. vaccines are needed that protect against both infections and do so better than the suboptimal mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccine. here, we evaluated rbcg30, a vaccine previously demonstrated to induce protection superior to that of bcg against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis challenge in animal models, for efficacy against mycobacterium leprae challenge in a murine mode ...201425001602
key hub and bottleneck genes differentiate the macrophage response to virulent and attenuated mycobacterium bovis.mycobacterium bovis is an intracellular pathogen that causes tuberculosis in cattle. following infection, the pathogen resides and persists inside host macrophages by subverting host immune responses via a diverse range of mechanisms. here, a high-density bovine microarray platform was used to examine the bovine monocyte-derived macrophage transcriptome response to m. bovis infection relative to infection with the attenuated vaccine strain, m. bovis bacille calmette-guérin. differentially expres ...201425324841
severity of bovine tuberculosis is associated with co-infection with common pathogens in wild boar.co-infections with parasites or viruses drive tuberculosis dynamics in humans, but little is known about their effects in other non-human hosts. this work aims to investigate the relationship between mycobacterium bovis infection and other pathogens in wild boar (sus scrofa), a recognized reservoir of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in mediterranean ecosystems. for this purpose, it has been assessed whether contacts with common concomitant pathogens are associated with the development of severe btb le ...201425350002
disseminated bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in a patient with bare lymphocyte syndrome type ii.we describe the first case, to our knowledge, of disseminated mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin infection in a child with bare lymphocyte syndrome type ii after undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). the patient presented 30 days post hsct with fever and lymphadenitis. lymph node, blood, and gastric aspirates were positive for m. bovis. the patient received a prolonged treatment course with a combination of isoniazid, levofloxacin, and ethambutol. her course was fu ...201424995715
in-utero exposure to maternal hiv infection alters t-cell immune responses to vaccination in hiv-uninfected infants.in sub-saharan africa, hiv-exposed uninfected (heu) infants have higher morbidity and mortality than hiv-unexposed infants. to evaluate whether immune dysfunction contributes to this vulnerability of heu infants, we conducted a longitudinal, observational cohort study to assess t-cell immune responses to infant vaccines (mycobacterium bovis bcg and acellular pertussis) and staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb). in total, 46 heu and 46 hiv-unexposed infants were recruited from khayelitsha, cape town ...201424785950
evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of plant extracts from southern minas gerais cerrado.the antimicrobial activity of plant hidroethanolic extracts on bacteria gram positive, gram negative, yeasts, mycobacterium tuberculosis h37 and mycobacterium bovis was evaluated by using the technique of agar diffusion and microdilution in broth. among the extracts evaluated by agar diffusion, the extract of bidens pilosa leaf presented the most expressive average of haloes of growth inhibition to the microorganisms, followed by the extract of b. pilosa flower, of eugenia pyriformis' leaf and s ...201424553603
polyamines inhibit porin-mediated fluoroquinolone uptake in mycobacteria.polyamines decrease the permeability of the outer membrane of escherichia coli to fluoroquinolones and β-lactams. in this study, we tested the effect of four polyamines (spermidine, spermine, cadaverine and putrescine) on fluoroquinolone uptake in mycobacterium bovis bcg. our results show that polyamines are also capable of reducing the permeability of the mycobacterial outer membrane to fluoroquinolones. spermidine was most effective and demonstrated reversible dose- and ph-dependent inhibition ...201323755283
mycobacterium bovis tenosynovitis.infectious tenosynovitis is a rare condition usually presenting with symptoms of joint pain, swelling and deformity. a large number of infectious organisms are known to cause tenosynovitis and prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure appropriate treatment is delivered before serious complications and functional impairment occurs. we report a case of mycobacterium bovis tenosynovitis, a rare cause of infectious tenosynovitis; we discuss the clinical features and management of this con ...201323771966
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 901 - 1000 of 10943