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localization of propionibacterium acnes in granulomas supports a possible etiologic link between sarcoidosis and the bacterium.sarcoidosis likely results from the exposure of a genetically susceptible subject to an environmental agent, possibly an infectious one. mycobacterial and propionibacterial organisms are the most commonly implicated potential etiologic agents. propionibacterium acnes is the only microorganism, however, found in sarcoid lesions by bacterial culture. to evaluate the pathogenic role of this indigenous bacterium, we screened for the bacterium in sarcoid and non-sarcoid tissues using immunohistochemi ...201222596102
syk/src pathway-targeted inhibition of skin inflammatory responses by carnosic acid.carnosic acid (ca) is a diterpene compound exhibiting antioxidative, anticancer, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-metabolic disorder, and hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activities. in this study, the effect of ca on various skin inflammatory responses and its inhibitory mechanism were examined. ca strongly suppressed the production of il-6, il-8, and mcp-1 from keratinocyte hacat cells stimulated with sodium lauryl sulfate (sls) and retinoic acid (ra). in addition, ca blocked the r ...201222577255
propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) resistance and antibiotic use in patients attending australian general practice.antibiotic resistance in the community, including transfer between bacteria, is a growing concern for clinicians. acne is commonly treated in general practice, sometimes with antibiotics. the aim of this study is to measure the rate of carriage of antibiotic resistant propionibacterium acnes 10 years apart in general practice and the relationship of resistance to type of treatment, as well potential effects on other flora.201222571557
dual analysis for mycobacteria and propionibacteria in sarcoidosis bal.sarcoidosis is a non-caseating granulomatous disease for which a role for infectious antigens continues to strengthen. recent studies have reported molecular evidence of mycobacteria or propionibacteria. we assessed for immune responses against mycobacterial and propionibacterial antigens in sarcoidosis bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) using flow cytometry, and localized signals consistent with microbial antigens with sarcoidosis specimens, using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging m ...201222552860
de novo synthesis of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in oleaginous yeast yarrowia lipolytica.conjugated linoleic acid (cla) has many well-documented beneficial physiological effects. due to the insufficient natural supply of cla and low specificity of chemically produced cla, an effective and isomer-specific production process is required for medicinal and nutritional purposes.201222545818
periprosthetic infections after total shoulder arthroplasty: a 33-year perspective.to examine the rates and predictors of deep periprosthetic infections after primary total shoulder arthroplasty (tsa).201222516570
systemic isotretinoin therapy normalizes exaggerated tlr-2-mediated innate immune responses in acne patients.retinoids are used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and malignancies, but studies characterizing the in vivo actions of these drugs in humans are lacking. isotretinoin is a pro-drug for all-trans retinoic acid, which can induce long-term remissions of acne; however, its complete mechanism of action is unknown. we hypothesized that isotretinoin induces remission of acne by normalizing the innate immune response to the commensal bacterium propionibacterium acnes. compared with normal ...201222513780
pattern of tissue invasion by propionibacterium acnes in acne vulgaris. 201222510385
microbial spectrum and resistance patterns in endophthalmitis: a 21-year (1988-2008) review in northeast united states.to study the microbial spectrum and antibacterial susceptibility of vitreous cultures in a tertiary referral center in northeast united states.201222506856
crispr/cas loci of type ii propionibacterium acnes confer immunity against acquisition of mobile elements present in type i p. acnes.propionibacterium acnes is a skin commensal that occasionally acts as an opportunistic pathogen. the population structure of this species shows three main lineages (i-iii). while type i strains are mainly associated with sebaceous follicles of human skin and inflammatory acne, types ii and iii strains are more often associated with deep tissue infections. we investigated the occurrence and distribution of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) in p. acnes, assesse ...201222479553
generation and characterization of chicken egg yolk antibodies against propionibacterium acnes for the prevention of acne vulgaris.antigen-specific antibody has been widely used for immunological analysis in the field of diagnosis as well as in pure scientific research, where the igy antibodies can be raised against p acnes antigen.201222470202
antibiotic resistance in acne treatment.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is an anaerobic bacteria implicated in the pathogenesis of acne. the last 30 years have witnessed an alarming increase in resistance to antibiotics commonly employed to treat acne. antibiotic resistance in acne represents a significant international public health concern because resistance can occur in more pathogenic bacteria than p. acnes, and an increase in pathogenic p. acnes has been reported. current treatment guidelines offer strategies to limit the pote ...201223032935
th1 and th17 immune responses to viable propionibacterium acnes in patients with sarcoidosis.propionibacterium acnes and mycobacterium tuberculosis have emerged as probable candidates responsible for sarcoidosis. this study was conducted to investigate the th1/th17 responses elicited by these pathogens in sarcoidosis and to clarify the causative role of these pathogens.201223021769
propionibacterium acnes bacteriophages display limited genetic diversity and broad killing activity against bacterial skin isolates.investigation of the human microbiome has revealed diverse and complex microbial communities at distinct anatomic sites. the microbiome of the human sebaceous follicle provides a tractable model in which to study its dominant bacterial inhabitant, propionibacterium acnes, which is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of the human disease acne. to explore the diversity of the bacteriophages that infect p. acnes, 11 p. acnes phages were isolated from the sebaceous follicles of donors with hea ...201223015740
no link between rosacea and propionibacterium acnes.rosacea is a common skin disease in adults affecting mainly the facial skin. although inflammation appears to play a pathogenic role in rosacea, initiating factors are largely unknown. microbial involvement in the development of rosacea has been suggested previously. we aimed to visualize propionibacterium acnes in the skin compartments of rosacea patients. facial skin biopsies from 82 rosacea patients and 25 controls were stained with a p. acnes-specific monoclonal antibody (qubpa3). seven of 8 ...201223009116
meibomitis-related keratoconjunctivitis: implications and clinical significance of meibomian gland inflammation.meibomian gland inflammation, "meibomitis," is associated with ocular surface inflammatory diseases. however, these diseases are poorly defined clinically, making effective treatment difficult. herein, we propose a new disease subset, termed meibomitis-related keratoconjunctivitis (mrkc). the ocular surface features of mrkc include: meibomitis with redness and swelling of the eyelid margin and palpebral conjunctiva; superficial vascularization and granulomatous nodules in the cornea; and conjunc ...201223038034
diagnosis and treatment of acne.acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is the most common skin disorder in the united states. therapy targets the four factors responsible for lesion formation: increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization, colonization by propionibacterium acnes, and the resultant inflammatory reaction. treatment goals include scar prevention, reduction of psychological morbidity, and resolution of lesions. grading acne based on lesion type and severity can help guide treatment. topical retinoids a ...201223062156
the flexible gene pool of propionibacterium acnes.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacterium that is intimately associated with humans. the nature and consequences of this symbiosis are poorly understood; it might comprise both mutualistic and parasitic properties. recent advances in distinguishing phylotypes of p. acnes have revealed that certain type i lineages are predominantly associated with acne vulgaris. genome analyses revealed a highly conserved core genome and the existence of island-like genomic regions and possible mobile ...201223061021
sig1273: a new cosmetic functional ingredient to reduce blemishes and propionibacterium acnes in acne prone skin.propionibacterium acnes is a major contributing factor to the inflammatory component of acne. the interaction of p. acnes with keratinocytes leads to an innate immune response via activation of toll-like receptors (tlr2, tlr4) resulting in the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. sig1273, an isoprenylcysteine small molecule modulates inflammatory signaling pathways and kills p. acnes. sig1273 represents a novel cosmetic functional ingredient that provides relief from blemishes ...201223174050
prognostic factors for bacterial cultures positive for propionibacterium acnes and other organisms in a large series of revision shoulder arthroplasties performed for stiffness, pain, or loosening.propionibacterium acnes has been grown on culture in half of the reported cases of chronic infection associated with shoulder arthroplasty. the presence of this organism can be overlooked because its subtle presentation may not suggest the need for culture or because, in contrast to many orthopaedic infections, multiple tissue samples and weeks of culture incubation are often necessary to recover this organism. surgical decisions regarding implant revision and antibiotic therapy must be made bef ...201223172325
evaluation of the new oxyplate™ anaerobic system for the isolation of ocular anaerobic bacteria.anaerobic bacteria can cause ocular infections. we tested the oxyplate™ anaerobic system (oxy) to isolate pertinent anaerobic bacteria that can cause ocular disease.201223166868
the response of human skin commensal bacteria as a reflection of uv radiation: uv-b decreases porphyrin production.recent global radiation fears reflect the urgent need for a new modality that can simply determine if people are in a radiation risk of developing cancer and other illnesses. ultraviolet (uv) radiation has been thought to be the major risk factor for most skin cancers. although various biomarkers derived from the responses of human cells have been revealed, detection of these biomarkers is cumbersome, probably requires taking live human tissues, and varies significantly depending on human immune ...201223133525
inhibition of sebum production and propionibacterium acnes lipase activity by fullerenol, a novel polyhydroxylated fullerene: potential as a therapeutic reagent for acne.oxidative stress plays a major role in acne formation; this suggests that oxygen-radical scavengers could be potential therapeutic agents. fullerenol c60(oh)44, a recently developed polyhydroxylated fullerene, is a spherical carbon molecule that has many hydroxyl groups capable of potent radical-scavenging activity. we have investigated its inhibitory effects in vitro on sebum production in hamster sebocytes and in propionibacterium acnes lipase activity. sebum production was significantly reduc ...201223193890
intrascrotal abscess, propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus cohnii ssp. cohnii: a case report and review of the literature.introduction. the propionibacterium acnes and the staphylococcus cohnii ssp. cohnii are occasional pathogenic bacteria. the intrascrotal localization of the propionibacterium acnes is exceptional. the staphylococcus cohnii ssp. cohnii is not able to colonize the urogenital apparatus but it is the most frequently responsible for blood culture contamination even if it can sustain, in particular conditions, systemic infections. case presentation. we report the case of a 72-year-old man who is under ...201223227417
chronic prostatic infection and inflammation by propionibacterium acnes in a rat prostate infection model.chronic inflammation in the prostate, seen as infiltration of inflammatory cells into the prostate gland in histological samples, affects approximately half the male population without indication of prostate disease, and is almost ubiquitous in patients diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia and cancer. several studies have demonstrated the gram-positive bacterium propionibacterium acnes to be frequently present in prostate tissue from men suffering from prostate disease. p. acnes has been s ...201223240022
a case of delayed-onset propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis after cataract surgery with implantation of a preloaded intraocular lens.to report a case of delayed-onset endophthalmitis after implantation of a preloaded intraocular lens (iol) and examine the surgically removed iol by scanning electron microscopy (sem).201223275791
[a comparison of biochemical and genetic classification of propionibacterium acnes strains isolated from skin lesions of patients with acne].propionibacterium acnes is dominating group of resident bacteria in skin biocenosis. these bacteria participate in autosterilisation of skin with the process of decomposition of triglycerides into free fatty acids and by keeping the ph of skin on the level 5.5. when the process goes out of control the excess of fatty acids in sebaceous glands leads to necrosis and inflammation. apart of the presence on the skin p acnes also are present in mucous membranes of intestinal tract, eyes, internal ears ...201223285774
in vivo antibacterial effects of tretinoin-clindamycin and clindamycin alone on propionibacterium acnes with varying clindamycin minimum inhibitory.to quantify the antimicrobial effect of clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and tretinoin 0.025% gel and 1% clindamycin phosphate gel in patients with propionibacterium acnes of varying sensitivity to clindamycin.201223377513
a quantitative analysis of propionibacterium acnes in lesional and non-lesional skin of patients with progressive macular hypomelanosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction.little is known about the etiology of progressive macular hypomelanosis, although it has been suggested that propionibacterium acnes plays an important role. while microbiological culture is commonly employed to identify propionibacterium acnes, new identification methods have been under investigation, amongst them polymerase chain reaction. to determine the cut-off point for the number of genome copies of propionibacterium acnes in the lesional skin of patients with progressive macular hypomela ...201124031649
propionibacterium acnes pyogenic liver abscess and pylephlebitis.reported is an unusual case of pyogenic liver abscess and septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein in a 44-year-old male caused by propionibacterium acnes successfully managed with a combination of percutaneous drainage and antimicrobial therapy. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this bacterium isolated in pure culture as the sole etiologic organism of pyogenic liver abscess and pylephlebitis in an adult patient.201125954544
pathogen characteristics and its sensitivity against antimicrobial agents in fatal bacterial granuloma after eyelid trauma in vitro.to understand the pathogen characteristics and its sensitivity against antimicrobial agents in fatal bacterial granuloma after eyelid trauma (fbgt) in vitro, and to provide laboratory evidence for diagnosis.201122553692
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether: an emerging solvent in topical dermatology products.Background The solvent diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE) is currently used in over 500 cosmetic products and has enabled the formulation of a topical 5% dapsone gel for the treatment of acne. It is anticipated that this common cosmetic ingredient will be a component in numerous future prescription topical products approved for the US market. Dermatologists are already treating patients that apply products containing 5-40% of this solvent multiple times each day. Aims To provide dermato ...201122151944
Efficacy and safety of topical nadifloxacin and benzoyl peroxide versus clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide in acne vulgaris: A randomized controlled trial.Topical therapy with comedolytics and antibiotics are often advocated for mild and moderate severity acne vulgaris. Nadifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone with anti-Propionibacterium acnes activity and additional anti-inflammatory activity, is approved for use in acne. This randomized controlled assessor blind trial compared the clinical effectiveness and safety of eight weeks therapy of nadifloxacin 1% versus clindamycin 1% as add-on therapy to benzoyl peroxide (2.5%) in mild to moderate grade acn ...201122144763
comparative photodynamic evaluation of new phenothiazinium derivatives against propionibacterium acnes(†).the screening of recently patented derivatives of the standard phenothiazinium agents methylene blue and toluidine blue was carried out against propionibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne vulgaris. comparative tests were made using the topical agent benzoyl peroxide (bpo) and standard tetracyclines. each of the photosensitizers employed, including the lead compounds, was photobactericidal at lower concentrations than bpo, and produced a much more rapid kill than the tetracyc ...201122043962
Propionibacterium acnes: infection beyond the skin.Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal flora of the skin, oral cavity, large intestine, the conjunctiva and the external ear canal. Although primarily recognized for its role in acne, P. acnes is an opportunistic pathogen, causing a range of postoperative and device-related infections. These include infections of the bones and joints, mouth, eye and brain. Device-related infections include those of joint prostheses, shunts and prosthetic heart valves. ...201122114965
Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Phylogenetic Analysis of Propionibacterium acnes.Propionibacterium acnes is a commensal of human skin but is also implicated in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and in biofilm-associated infections of medical devices and endophthalmitis, and in infections of bone and dental root canals. Recent studies associate P. acnes with prostate cancer. As the species includes evolutionary lineages with distinct association with health and disease, there is a need for a high-resolution typing scheme. Recently, two MLST schemes were reported, one based on ...201122205788
identification, typing and characterisation of propionibacterium strains from healthy mucosa of the human stomach.forty two propionibacterium isolates were recovered from biopsy samples of the gastric mucosa of eight out of 12 healthy people. of these, 41 were identified as belonging to propionibacterium acnes; the remaining isolate was identified as belonging to propionibacterium granulosum. repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-pcr typing suggested that up to four strains might be present in the mucosa of the same individual. sequence analysis of either reca, tly or camp5 genes of p. acnes isolates reve ...201121329995
resveratrol-containing gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a single-blind, vehicle-controlled, pilot study.acne vulgaris is a complex, chronic, and common skin disorder of pilosebaceous units. the major pathogenic factors involved are ductal hyperkeratinization, obstruction of sebaceous follicles resulting from abnormal keratinization of the infundibular epithelium, stimulation of sebaceous gland secretion by androgens, and microbial colonization of pilosebaceous units by propionibacterium acnes, which promotes perifollicular inflammation.201121348544
comparison of the in vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine used as root canal irrigants: a molecular microbiology study.the purpose of this clinical study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (chx) when used as irrigants during treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis.201121238793
propionobacter acnes infection as an occult cause of postoperative shoulder pain: a case series.infections after shoulder surgery are potentially devastating complications. propionibacterium acnes is recognized as a causal agent in shoulder infections. the clinical presentation is usually insidious and nonspecific, but a p. acnes infection could be an occult cause of postoperative shoulder pain.201121240577
interactions between various microbes and ginseng botanicals.three kinds of interactions occur between ginseng botanicals and microorganisms: a) spoilage of the botanical by various fungi (e.g., aspergillus, penicillium, alternaria, and eurotium species) and bacteria; b) transformation of ginsenosides into more bioactive forms by bacteria such as intrasporangium sp. gs603, microbacterium sp. gs514, caulobacter leidyia, bifidobacterium sp. int57, bifidobacterium sp. sj32, fusobacterium sp. and bacteroides sp., and moulds (e.g., aspergillus niger, fusarium ...201121254831
propionibacterium acnes vaccination induces regulatory t cells and th1 immune responses and improves mouse atopic dermatitis.atopic dermatitis (ad) is a chronic disease characterized by a polarized th2 immune response. propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) has been shown to elicit strong th1 immune responses. we hypothesized that the host immune response to p. acnes will prevent the development of ad. to demonstrate this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of p. acnes vaccination on ad that occurs in keratin 14/driven caspase-1 transgenic mouse. vaccination with low dose of p. acnes successfully prevented clinical man ...201121255097
new approaches in light/laser therapies and photodynamic treatment of acne.acne is a domain in which the technology and understanding of light/laser therapeutic procedures have advanced considerably. the aim of the paper was to revisit adjunctive physical treatments of acne, including light/laser treatments and photodynamic therapy. this review summarizes findings about such treatment modalities with particular emphasis on efficacy and safety. a number of laser/light-based modalities have been developed to meet the increasing demand for new acne treatments. the current ...201121269242
phenelfamycins g and h, new elfamycin-type antibiotics produced by streptomyces albospinus acta 3619.phenelfamycins g and h are new members of the family of elfamycin antibiotics with the basic structure of phenelfamycins e and f, respectively, which are also well known as ganefromycins a and ß. phenelfamycins g and h differ from phenelfamycins e and f by an additional hydroxy group at position c-30, which is not described so far for any of the elfamycin-type antibiotics. the actinomycete strain that produced phenelfamycins g and h was identified to be streptomyces albospinus based on its 16s r ...201121285962
large thoracomyoplasty and negative pressure therapy for late postpneumonectomy empyema with a retrosternal abscess: a modern version of the clagett procedure.a 63-year-old male with a history of cancer, and who had undergone a left pneumonectomy seven years before, presented with deterioration in his general status and recent dyspnea [stage iii (new york heart association) nyha]. imaging revealed a contralateral mediastinal shift and cardiac compression caused by pneumonectomy cavity enlargement and a retrosternal liquid mass. late empyema associated with a retrosternal abscess caused by propionibacterium acnes was diagnosed after thoracoscopy and an ...201121303873
late capsular block syndrome associated with propionibacterium acnes. 201121320976
clinical significance of propionibacterium acnes recovered from blood cultures: analysis of 524 episodes.of 522 patients with propionibacterium acnes bacteremia (pab), 18 (3.5%) had clinically significant pab. of these 18 patients, 10 (55.6%) had hospital-acquired bacteremia and 6 (33.3%) had undergone invasive procedures before development of pab. one patient with a ventricular septal defect presented with infective endocarditis. after the exclusion of 1 patient whose outcome was not available, the overall mortality rate was 5.9% (1/17).201121325550
delayed- versus acute-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.purpose: to report a large consecutive case series of patients who developed delayed-onset and acute-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. design: retrospective consecutive case series. methods: the current study is a retrospective consecutive case series of patients treated between january 2000 and december 2009 for culture-proven endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. the study defined 2 groups after cataract surgery: acute-onset endophthalmitis (≤6 weeks after surgery) and delayed-on ...201122030353
uv induced red fluorescence of the acne patients reflects regional casual sebum level and acne lesion distribution: qualitative and quantitative analyses of facial fluorescence.background:  the uv-induced red fluorescence of the acne patients had been considered to be caused by propionibacterium acnes. objectives:  to study the correlation of the facial red fluorescence with the casual sebum level and the number of acne lesions and to investigate the difference in clinical features, according to both distribution and proportion of fluorescence. methods:  a total of 878 patients, clinically diagnosed with acne vulgaris, were included. the inflammatory and non-inflammato ...201121895623
first report of high levels of clindamycin-resistant propionibacterium acnes carrying erm(x) in japanese patients with acne vulgaris. 201122142418
antibiotic-resistant propionibacterium acnes among acne patients in a regional skin centre in hong kong.background  there has been no study on antibiotic-resistant propionibacterium acnes in hong kong. objective  we investigated the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic-resistant p. acnes and to identify any associated factors for harbouring the resistant strains. methods  culture and sensitivity testing of p. acnes to commonly used antibiotics were performed. resistance to tetracycline was defined at a minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of 2 μg/ml or more; erythromycin at an mic of 0.5 μg/ml o ...201122103749
analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic primary root canal infections in adult norwegian patients.this molecular study analyzed the microbiota of primary root canal infections from adult norwegian patients.201121846535
granulomatous propionibacterium acnes infection after trauma surgery.we report here a rare case of infection caused by propionibacterium acnes following trauma surgery: a 36-year-old male, accident victim was admitted to the hospital because of polytrauma. he underwent a long-drawn-out surgical intervention and after a free-muscle transfer using the rectus femoris muscle, signs of inflammation were detected in the affected area. microbiological examination of the wound revealed the presence of p. acnes as the only etiological agent of this infection. adequate ant ...201121911069
in vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of seaweed extracts against acne inducing bacteria, propionibacterium acnes.this study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of common seaweeds from the coast of south korea against the etiologic agents of acne vulgaris. fifty-seven species of seaweed were screened for potential antimicrobial activity. methanol extracts of 13 species (22.8%) showed inhibitory effects against propionibacterium acnes. the aqueous extracts of only two species (3.5%) showed antimicrobial activity. when tested with the agar disk diffusion method, ecklonia cava, e. kurome, is ...201122167943
susceptibility of propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne vulgaris to zinc ascorbate and antibiotics.the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ascorbic acid derivatives against propionibacterium acnes was tested either alone or in combination with a variety of antimicrobial agents, and their fractional inhibitory concentration index was determined using checkerboard tests. the antimicrobial effectiveness of zinc ascorbate in the treatment of acne vulgaris, either alone or in combination with antibiotics such as clindamycin that are commonly used in japan for the treatment of acne vulgaris, was the ...201122087070
improvement of rna-sip by pyrosequencing to identify putative 4-n-nonylphenol degraders in activated sludge.nonylphenols (np) have estrogenic potential because of their phenolic ring, but the organisms involved in the degradation of this alkylated phenol remain unidentified. using 16s ribosomal rna (rrna)-based stable isotope probing (sip) and a new method based on pyrosequencing, we identified the bacteria involved in the degradation of the aromatic ring of [u-ring-(13)c] 4-n-np in aerobic sludge. the first order degradation rate of 4-n-np was 5.5d(-1). single strand conformation polymorphism of dens ...201122154106
Anti-in?ammatory effects of active constituents extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs against Propionibacterium acnes.Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) from keratinocyte play important roles in initiating the inflammatory process of acne. They are used as major elements to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of drugs. In this study, various active constituents extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects against P. acnes using ELISA. Among the constituents, matrine, baicalin, ursolic acid, sodium danshensu, magnolol, honokiol, hesperidin ...201121999396
Investigation of Propionibacterium acnes in progressive macular hypomelanosis using real-time PCR and culture.Progressive macular hypomelanosis (PMH) is a dermatosis of unknown etiology. It has been concluded that it involves the presence of Propionibacterium acnes, a saprophyte of the pilosebaceous follicles. In our study, we investigated the presence of P. acnes in lesional and non-lesional skin of patients with PMH through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial culture from a skin fragment.201122004486
the breast: a clean-contaminated surgical site.capsular contracture is one of the most common complications associated with breast implants. while the cause of this process has not yet been elucidated, subclinical infection is a likely culprit.201121908811
Acne vulgaris.Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit resulting from androgen-induced increased sebum production, altered keratinisation, inflammation, and bacterial colonisation of hair follicles on the face, neck, chest, and back by Propionibacterium acnes. Although early colonisation with P acnes and family history might have important roles in the disease, exactly what triggers acne and how treatment affects the course of the disease remain unclear. Other factors such as diet have ...201121880356
Acne vulgaris.Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological diseases, and caused by a combination of pathogenetic factors including follicular hyperkeratosis, seborrhea, colonization with Propionibacteriumacnes and inflammatory phenomena. Various medical treatments address these causative factors, but they are not always well tolerated. In the last decades, there has been increased interest in laser and light-based treatments. These optical devices mainly target Propionibacteriumacnes by activating p ...201121865806
[a white woman with white skin spots].a 26-year-old white woman came to the clinic because of white spots. the spots were confluent in the midline, non-scaly and localized on trunk and proximal parts of the arms. biopsy showed loss of pigment in the epidermis. the diagnosis was: progressive macular hypomelanosis.201121854654
validation of the bact/alert(®)3d automated culture system for the detection of microbial contamination of epithelial cell culture medium.living tissue engineering for regenerative therapy cannot withstand the usual pharmacopoeia methods of purification and terminal sterilization. consequently, these products must be manufactured under aseptic conditions at microbiologically controlled environment facilities. this study was proposed to validate bact/alert(®)3d automated culture system for microbiological control of epithelial cell culture medium (eccm). suspensions of the nine microorganisms recommended by the european pharmacopoe ...201122160810
[determination of causative agents in ocular infection of external adnexa and anterior segments--multicenter study of causative agents and drug sensitivity of ocular infection by the japanese association for ocular infection part i].to determine the causative agents of ocular infection of external adnexa and anterior segments due to selected criteria.201122073597
Periprosthetic infections after shoulder hemiarthroplasty.BACKGROUND: To examine the rates and predictors of deep periprosthetic infections after shoulder hemiarthroplasty. METHODS: We used prospectively collected institutional registry data on all primary shoulder hemiarthroplasty patients from 1976-2008. We estimated survival free of deep periprosthetic infections using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Using univariate Cox regression analyses, we examined the association of patient-related factors (age, sex, body mass index), comorbidity (Deyo-Charlson ...201122154310
efficiency of diversion of the first aliquot of blood and prestorage leukoreduction for preventing bacterial contamination in red blood cell concentrates assessed using a rapid polymerase chain reaction-based bacterial detection system.sepsis caused by the bacterial contamination of blood products is a major infection risk associated with blood transfusion. diversion of the initial 25 ml of blood and prestorage leukoreduction were implemented in japan in 2007 for all donated blood products. we assessed the efficacy of these new collection procedures in preventing bacterial contamination of red blood cell (rbc) concentrates.201122191101
single nucleotide polymorphisms of toll-like receptor-4 protect against acne conglobata.background  former studies have shown that propionibacterium acnes may stimulate expression of toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) in keratinocytes of patients with acne vulgaris. objective  to investigate the impact of single nucleotide polumorphisms (snps) of the tlr4 gene in acne vulgaris. methods  genomic dna was isolated from 191 patients with acne vulgaris and 75 healthy controls. asp299gly and thr399ile snps were defined after cutting of the pcr products by restriction enzymes. sebum of lesions w ...201122085193
molecular relatedness of propionibacterium species isolated from blood products and on the skin of blood donors.in this study it was investigated whether propionibacterium acnes present in platelet concentrates (pcs) and related red blood cells (rbcs), originate from the skin of the donor.201121985045
blood collection procedures influence contamination rates in blood culture: a prospective study.blood culture contamination is a significant adverse event. the aim of this project was to evaluate the efficacy of a strict blood collection procedure in reducing the blood culture contamination rate.201122340332
the temporal dynamics of bacterial communities across human anterior nares.the anterior nares (nostrils), are an important niche for bacterial colonization by both commensals and opportunistic pathogens. here the temporal dynamics and variation of the global nasal bacterial community across 25 healthy volunteers was evaluated over 15 months. overall, there was a global seasonal shift in bacterial community structure. such a temporal shift was also strongly evident in the abundances of species such as propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis. however, such ...201123757239
intratumoral injection of propionibacterium acnes suppresses malignant melanoma by enhancing th1 immune responses.malignant melanoma (mm) is an aggressive cutaneous malignancy associated with poor prognosis; many putatively therapeutic agents have been administered, but with mostly unsuccessful results. propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is an aerotolerant anaerobic gram-positive bacteria that causes acne and inflammation. after being engulfed and processed by phagocytes, p. acnes induces a strong th1-type cytokine immune response by producing cytokines such as il-12, ifn-γ and tnf-α. the characteristic th2 ...201122216160
blockade of th1 chemokine receptors ameliorates pulmonary granulomatosis in mice.sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology. we identified immunological targets for the treatment of pulmonary granulomatosis using a murine model generated with propionibacterium acnes. sensitisation and challenge using heat-killed p. acnes and dendritic cells (dcs) were performed to produce pulmonary granulomatosis in c57bl/6 mice. immunological analyses using elisa as well as cdna microarray analysis were used to search for cytokines or chemokines associated with the formatio ...201121273392
metagenomic detection of phage-encoded platelet-binding factors in the human oral cavity.the human oropharynx is a reservoir for many potential pathogens, including streptococcal species that cause endocarditis. although oropharyngeal microbes have been well described, viral communities are essentially uncharacterized. we conducted a metagenomic study to determine the composition of oropharyngeal dna viral communities (both phage and eukaryotic viruses) in healthy individuals and to evaluate oropharyngeal swabs as a rapid method for viral detection. viral dna was extracted from 19 p ...201120547834
the clinical features of late onset acne compared with early onset acne in women.little is known about the clinical characteristics of acne based on the age of onset.201120659307
the potential use of echinacea in acne: control of propionibacterium acnes growth and inflammation.acne is a chronic inflammatory disorder of skin follicles caused by the gram-positive bacterium propionibacterium acnes. the possibility was investigated that a standardized preparation of echinacea purpurea (echinaforce®), with known antiviral, antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties, might provide a useful alternative treatment in the control of the disease. the herbal extract readily killed a standard laboratory strain of the bacterium and several clinical isolates. in cell culture mode ...201120830697
biopolymer scaffolds for use in delivering antimicrobial sophorolipids to the acne-causing bacterium propionibacterium acnes.sophorolipids (sls) are known to possess antimicrobial properties towards many species (particularly gram-positive, or gram(+)) of bacteria. however, these properties can only be exerted if the sls can be introduced to the bacterial cells in an acceptable manner. propionibacterium acnes is the common bacterial cause of acne. it is a gram(+) facultative anaerobe that is susceptible to the antimicrobial effects of sls. in this study we demonstrated that different biopolymer matrices could be used ...201120708720
efficacy of an anaerobic swab transport system to maintain aerobic and anaerobic microorganism viability after storage at -80 degrees c.an amies agar gel swab transport system was evaluated for its ability to maintain bacterial viability and relative quantity after freezing at -80°c. nine american type culture collection (atcc) bacterial strains were used: 3 anaerobic strains (propionibacterium acnes, peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and clostridium sporogenes) and 6 facultative or strict aerobic bacterial strains (stenotrophomonas maltophilia, escherichia coli ([atcc 25922 and atcc 11775], salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sero ...201121217035
passive immunoprotection targeting a secreted camp factor of propionibacterium acnes as a novel immunotherapeutic for acne vulgaris.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) bacteria play a key role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. although our previous studies have demonstrated that vaccines targeting a surface sialidase or bacterial particles exhibit a preventive effect against p. acnes, the lack of therapeutic activities and incapability of neutralizing secretory virulence factors motivate us to generate novel immunotherapeutics. in this study, we develop an immunotherapeutic antibody to secretory christie-atkins-munch-pete ...201121354482
treating acne with antibiotic-resistant bacterial colonization.introduction: acne is a chronic skin disorder of the pilosebaceous unit; it has a multifactorial pathogenesis. propionibacterium acnes within the follicle is considered to be a triggering factor of inflammation in acne. antibiotics have been the primary treatment against p. acnes for more than 40 years. however, a gradual increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of p. acnes has been observed. areas covered: this review discusses the pathophysiology of antibiotic-resistant acne ...201121355786
impact of monocytic cells on recovery of uncultivable bacteria from atherosclerotic lesions.abstract. rafferty b, jönsson d, kalachikov s, demmer rt, nowygrod r, elkind msv, bush jr h, kozarov e. (columbia university medical center, new york, ny; and weill cornell medical college, new york, ny; usa) impact of monocytic cells on recovery of uncultivable bacteria from atherosclerotic lesions. j intern med 2011; 270: 273-280. objective. epidemiological evidence suggests that infections may contribute to atherogenesis. however, with the exception of chlamydophila pneumoniae, cultivable b ...201121366733
clinical significance of positive cranial bone flap cultures and associated risk of surgical site infection after craniotomies or craniectomies.the risk of surgical site infection (ssi) after craniotomies or craniectomies in patients in whom contaminated bone flaps have been reimplanted has not been determined. the objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of bone flaps with positive cultures--especially those contaminated with propionibacterium acnes--to assess the risk of ssi after reimplanting (either during the initial operation or subsequently) bone flaps with positive cultures, and to identify risk factors for ssi f ...201121375380
effect of propionibacterium acnes-containing immunostimulant on interferon-gamma (ifn+¦) production in the neonatal foal.production of the th1 cytokine interferon gamma (ifn+¦) is associated with resistance to intracellular pathogens, including rhodococcus equi. while neonatal foals are initially deficient in ifn+¦ production, expression of this cytokine increases throughout their first year of life. this is presumably the result of stimulation by environmental antigens including pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) signaling through toll-like receptors (tlr). this increased expression of ifn+¦ is likewi ...201121382640
oral antibiotic therapy for acne vulgaris: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspectives.objective: to review data on pharmacokinetic factors that influence the absorption and tissue distribution for individual antibiotic agents to better inform clinicians on rational dosing considerations of oral antibiotics for the treatment of acne vulgaris. the focus is placed on the most commonly prescribed oral antibiotics for acne vulgaris, the tetracyclines. dose-response is also reviewed. design and methods: this review describes factors affecting the absorption, distribution, and target ti ...201121386956
recent trends in specular light reflectance beyond clinical fluorescence diagnosis.under specific light illumination, particularly ultraviolet (uv) and near-uv light stimulation, the skin produces both specular light reflectance and, possibly, specific fluorescent emission. these properties offer diagnostic clues and disclose some peculiar functions of the skin. a series of superficial infections (erythrasma, some tinea capitis types, tinea/pityriasis versicolor, dermatophytoses, etc.) and pilosebaceous follicles enriched in propionibacterium spp show fluorescence. this latter ...201121411414
indole-3-acetic acid: a potential new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris.ala (5-aminolevulinic acid) photodynamic therapy (pdt) is a new treatment option for acne. however, it needs a relatively long incubation period and adverse effects are common. indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) is not toxic by itself but produces free radicals with ultraviolet b. in this study we examined the potential of iaa as a photosensitizer for acne treatment.201121412803
augmentation of gene expression and production of promatrix metalloproteinase 2 by propionibacterium acnes-derived factors in hamster sebocytes and dermal fibroblasts: a possible mechanism for acne scarring.aberrant extracellular matrix (ecm) remodeling in sebaceous glands and pilosebaceous units in the skin is associated with scar formation under acne conditions. to investigate the involvement of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), a gram-positive anaerobic microbial species, in ecm remodeling in sebaceous glands and pilosebaceous units, we examined the effects of p. acnes culture media, formalin-fixed p. acnes, and peptidoglycan (pgn) from gram-positive bacteria walls on the production of promatr ...201121415544
preparation, characterization, and in vitro antimicrobial assessment of nanocarrier based formulation of nadifloxacin for acne treatment.the objective of the present study was to develop a nanocarrier based formulation of nadifloxacin and to investigate its in vitro antimicrobial effect against propionibacterium acnes. nanocarrier based microemulsion formulations were prepared by aqueous titration method, using oleic acid as oil phase, tween-80 as surfactant and ethanol as co-surfactant in different ratios. this procedure yielded monodisperse microemulsions exhibiting a mean droplet size in the range of 95-560 nm. this range of p ...201121434572
deep brain stimulation hardware-related infections: a report of 12 cases and review of the literature.in this monocentric study, the median delay between deep brain stimulation implantation and infection was 28 days (range, 8-820). infections limited to generator (n = 4) required partial hardware removal, whereas infections involving frontal or retroauricular sites (n = 7) required total removal. surgical samples yielded staphylococcus aureus (n = 6), staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 2), propionibacterium acnes, and micrococcus species.201121460317
anti-inflammatory properties of a new undecyl-rhamnoside (aprc11) against p. acnes.acne vulgaris is a skin disease affecting pilosebaceous glands in which propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) induced inflammation plays a central role. in order to develop new therapies against the inflammatory events, we evaluated the modulating effect of a new undecyl-rhamnoside, aprc11, on different markers of the inflammation. for this purpose, normal human keratinocytes taken from five healthy donors were pre-incubated for 24 h with aprc11 or zinc gluconate (zn) which was used as reference mo ...201121461892
infection after shoulder surgery.infection after shoulder surgery is rare but potentially devastating. normal skin flora, including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, and propionibacterium acnes, are the most commonly isolated pathogens. perioperative measures to prevent infection are of paramount importance, and clinical acumen is necessary for diagnosis. superficial infections may be managed with local wound measures and antibiotics; deep infections require surgical débridement in combination with antibiotic t ...201121464214
galvanic zinc-copper microparticles produce electrical stimulation that reduces the inflammatory and immune responses in skin.the human body has its own innate electrical system that regulates the body's functions via communications among organs through the well-known neural system. while the effect of low-level electrical stimulation on wound repair has been reported, few studies have examined the effect of electric potential on non-wounded, intact skin. a galvanic couple comprised of elemental zinc and copper was used to determine the effects of low-level electrical stimulation on intact skin physiology using a derma ...201121465312
isotretinoin increases skin-surface levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in patients treated for severe acne.a clear-cut need exists for safe and effective alternatives to the use of isotretinoin in severe acne. lack of data regarding the specifics of isotretinoin's mechanism of action has hampered progress in this area. recently, the protein neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ngal) has been identified as a mediator of the apoptotic effect of isotretinoin on sebocytes.201121466536
propionibacterium acnes osteomyelitis occurring 23 years after craniotomy: case report and review of literature.background and importance:: propionibacterium acnes is an uncommon pathogen in delayed surgical site infection, and its indolent course can complicate diagnosis and treatment. we report the longest delay between neurosurgery and p. acnes infection reported. clinical presentation:: asymptomatic postoperative p. acnes osteomyelitis and tumor recurrence occurring 23 years after initial craniotomy. initial presentation was of tumor recurrence only, without signs or symptoms of infection. calvarial o ...201121471838
a case of brain abscess caused by propionibacterium acnes 13 months after neurosurgery and confirmed by 16s rrna gene sequencing.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus and a normal inhabitant of the skin. although it is often considered a contaminant of blood cultures, it can occasionally cause serious infections, including postoperative central nervous system infections. here, we report the case of a 70-yr-old man who developed a large cerebral abscess caused by p. acnes 13 months after neurosurgery. immediate gram staining of the pus from his brain revealed the presence of gram-positive coccobacil ...201121474989
a microbial aetiology of acne-what is the evidence?a microbial aetiology of acne has been suggested since the beginning of the last century. there is considerable evidence, circumstantial at best, which suggests that micro-organisms, particularly propionibacterium acnes, are important in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. however, it is still unclear whether propionibacterium acnes is actually a causal agent in the development of non-inflamed or inflamed acne lesions. based on a review of the microbiological data on normal and acne affected skin ...201121495996
characterization and genome sequencing of two propionibacterium acnes phages displaying pseudolysogeny.abstract:201121504575
a rare complication of nd-yag capsulotomy: propionibacterium acnes endopthalmitis.abstract posterior capsular opacification, also known as after cataract develops in 33 % of patients after uneventful cataract surgery. nd-yag laser capsulotomy is the treatment of choice for pco and is routinely performed by the general ophthalmologist on an opd basis. endophthalmitis, although a rare complication after nd-yag laser capsulotomy, has been reported in the literature. we report a case of propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis following laser capsulotomy and the possible mechanism ...201121505550
late-developing infection following posterior fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.this study is a retrospective case series review of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ais) who were revised more than 1 year after the index procedure, due to a late-developing deep wound infection, to determine onset, bacteriology, possible influence of implant alloy (titanium vs. stainless-steel) and treatment outcome of patients. from a total of 540 patients who underwent posterior-only fusion for ais from 1993 through 2005 at our institution, 15 cases (2.77%) were revised due to ...201121505809
a novel multilocus sequence typing scheme for the opportunistic pathogen propionibacterium acnes and characterisation of type i cell surface-associated antigens.we have developed a novel multilocus sequence typing scheme (mlst) and database (http://pubmlst.org/pacnes/) for propionibacterium acnes based on the analysis of seven core housekeeping genes. the scheme, which was validated against previously described antibody, single locus and random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) typing methods, displayed excellent resolution and differentiated 123 isolates into 37 sequence types (st). an overall clonal population structure was detected with six ebu ...201121511767
evaluation of decontamination process of heart valve and artery tissues in european homograft bank (ehb): a retrospective study of 1,055 cases.to evaluate the efficiency of decontamination practice in european homograft bank (ehb), the data of the cardiovascular tissues received during recent 2 years were retrospectively analysed in this study. after initial assessment, the tissues were incubated in a 3-antibiotics' cocktail at 4°c for 20-48 h. the states of contamination were evaluated before and after incubation with the focus on the differences in donor type, tissue type, germ type and incubation time. amongst 1,055 eligible tissues ...201121512894
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