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detection of listeria monocytogenes in csf from three patients with meningoencephalitis by next-generation sequencing.encephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes) is rare but sometimes fatal. early diagnosis is difficult using routine cerebrospinal fluid (csf) tests, while next-generation sequencing (ngs) is increasingly being used for the detection and characterization of pathogens.201627486935
quality attributes and microbial survival on whole cantaloupes with antimicrobial coatings containing chitosan, lauric arginate, cinnamon oil and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.cantaloupes are susceptible to microbiological contamination in pre- or postharvest environments. novel intervention strategies, such as antimicrobial coatings, are needed to improve the microbiological safety of cantaloupes. the objective of this study was to prepare whole cantaloupes coated with mixtures containing chitosan, lauric arginate (lae), cinnamon oil (co), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and determine survival characteristics of inoculated foodborne pathogens during storag ...201627484251
genotypic and virulence characteristics of listeria monocytogenes recovered from food items in lebanon.listeria monocytogenes is the agent of listeriosis, a life threatening foodborne disease for immunocompromised patients and pregnant women. this bacterium is not routinely screened for in lebanon and there is lack of data about the prevalent strains and their potential pathogenicity. to that purpose, this study was undertaken to characterize l. monocytogenes from various food products, by assessing the in vitro biofilm forming ability, detecting their virulence potential, and characterizing them ...201627482802
secretion chaperones prsa2 and htra are required for listeria monocytogenes replication following intracellular induction of virulence factor secretion.the gram-positive bacterium listeria monocytogenes transitions from an environmental organism to an intracellular pathogen following its ingestion by susceptible mammalian hosts. bacterial replication within the cytosol of infected cells requires activation of the central virulence regulator prfa followed by a prfa-dependent induction of secreted virulence factors. the prfa-induced secreted chaperone prsa2 and the chaperone/protease htra contribute to the folding and stability of select proteins ...201627481256
effect of nisin and perilla oil combination against listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus in milk.in the present study, in vitro interaction of nisin and perilla oil (po) against 20 food-borne isolates of l. monocytogenes and s. aureus were assessed using a checkerboard microdilution method. synergism was observed in tested strains with the fractional inhibitory concentration indexs (ficis) ranges from 0.125-0.25 and 0.19-0.375, respectively. scanning electron microscopy was carried out to investigate the effect of nisin and po on the integrity of cell wall and membrane of l. monocytogenes a ...201627478220
antilisterial effects of antibacterial formulations containing essential oils, nisin, nitrite and organic acid salts in a sausage model.this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sixteen antibacterial formulations against listeria monocytogenes in a sausage model using a standard experimental design with 4 independent factors at 2 levels (2(4)). four independent factors consisted of nisin (12.5-25 ppm), nitrite (100-200 ppm) and organic acid salts (1.55-3.1 %) and the mixture of chinese cinnamon and cinnamon bark essential oils (eos) (0.025-0.05 %). based on the analysis, utilization of low (0.025 %) or high concentrati ...201627478218
fast and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogen using electrochemical impedance analysis, urease catalysis and microfluidics.early screening of pathogenic bacteria is a key to prevent and control of foodborne diseases. in this study, we developed a fast and sensitive bacteria detection method integrating electrochemical impedance analysis, urease catalysis with microfluidics and using listeria as model. the listeria cells, the anti-listeria monoclonal antibodies modified magnetic nanoparticles (mnps), and the anti-listeria polyclonal antibodies and urease modified gold nanoparticles (aunps) were incubated in a fluidic ...201627476059
antimicrobial resistance, virulence profile, and molecular characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat food in china, 2013-2014.we aimed to investigate the potential pathogenic profile and antibiotic resistance of listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat food in china. antimicrobial resistance was determined by broth microdilution following the clinical and laboratory standards institute protocol. molecular serotyping, virulence, and resistance genes were identified using pcr. multi-locus sequence typing was performed on resistant strains. a total of 11.53% (113/980) isolates were resistant, from which 82.3% (93 ...201627470106
dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma inhibits escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and tulane virus in romaine lettuce.the present study investigated the effects of dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma (dacp) treatment on the inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and tulane virus (tv) on romaine lettuce, assessing the influences of moisture vaporization, modified atmospheric packaging (map), and post-treatment storage on the inactivation of these pathogens. romaine lettuce was inoculated with e. coli o157:h7, salmonella, l. monocytogenes (~6logcfu/g lettuce ...201627562348
notes from the field: outbreak of listeriosis associated with consumption of packaged salad - united states and canada, 2015-2016.in september 2015, pulsenet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, identified a cluster of listeria monocytogenes (listeria) clinical isolates indistinguishable by two-enzyme pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) pattern combination and highly related by whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wgmlst). a case was defined as isolation of listeria with the outbreak pfge pattern and highly related by wgmlst with an isolation date on or after july 5, 2015, t ...201627559935
serial magnetic resonance imaging findings of intracerebral spread of listeria utilising subcortical u-fibres and the extreme capsule.we present a case of listeria monocytogenes cerebral abscess with axonal spread via the subcortical u-fibres and extreme capsule on magnetic resonance imaging, with follow-up studies demonstrating serial reduction in oedema and enhancement pattern of the white-matter fibre tracts following antimicrobial treatment. we discuss the microbiological mechanism of bacterial mobility to account for these unique imaging features. recognition of this distinct pattern of spread of l. monocytogenes cerebral ...201627558992
modeling the behavior of listeria monocytogenes during enrichment in half fraser broth; impact of pooling and the duration of enrichment on the detection of l. monocytogenes in food.a stochastic model describing the growth of listeria monocytogenes during enrichment in half fraser was developed for the purpose of estimating the effects of modifications to the first enrichment step of the en iso 11290-1 detection method. information pertaining to the variability of growth rates, physiological state of the cell, and the behavior of individual cells contaminating the food were obtained from previously published studies. we used this model to investigate the impact of pooling e ...201627554154
influence of water activity on inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes in peanut butter by microwave heating.this study evaluated the efficacy of a 915 mhz microwave with 3 different electric power levels to inactivate three pathogens in peanut butter with different aw. peanut butter inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 aw) were treated with a 915 mhz microwave with 2, 4, and 6 kw for up to 5 min. six kw 915 mhz microwave treatment for 5 min reduced these three pathogens by 1.97 to >5.17 log cfu/g. four kw 915 mh ...201627554151
pregnane x receptor regulates pathogen-induced inflammation and host defense against an intracellular bacterial infection through toll-like receptor 4.the nuclear pregnane x receptor (pxr) plays a central role in regulating xenobiotic metabolism. we now report a novel role for pxr as a critical negative regulator of innate immunity after infection. pxr(-/-) mice exhibited remarkably elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production following infection with listeria monocytogenes (lm). despite the more robust innate immune response, pxr(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to lm infection. surprisingly, disruption of the toll-like recept ...201627550658
survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut "athena" and "rocky ford" cantaloupes during storage at 4°c and 10°c.cantaloupes, marketed as "rocky ford," were implicated in the u.s. multistate outbreak of listeriosis in 2011, which caused multiple fatalities. listeria monocytogenes can survive on whole cantaloupes and can be transferred to the flesh of melons. the growth of l. monocytogenes on fresh-cut "athena" and "rocky ford" cantaloupe cultivars during refrigerated storage was evaluated. fresh-cut cubes (16.4 cm(3)) from field-grown cantaloupes were each inoculated with 5 log10 cfu/ml of a multi-strain m ...201627548768
morin inhibits biofilm production and reduces the virulence of listeria monocytogenes - an in vitro and in vivo approach.the current study explores the in vitro and in vivo antibiofilm efficacy of morin against a leading foodborne pathogen-listeria monocytogenes (lm). minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of morin against lm strains was found to be 100μg/ml. the non-antibacterial effect of morin at its sub-mics (6.25, 12.5 and 25μg/ml) was determined through growth curve and xtt assay. morin at its sub-mics demonstrated a significant dose dependent inhibitory efficacy against lm biofilm formation which was also e ...201627543817
the four-component aureocin a70 as a promising agent for food biopreservation.aureocin a70 is the only four-component bacteriocin described to date. as it inhibits the growth of a wide range of gram-positive bacteria, including listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from food, its potential for improving food safety was investigated in this study. aureocin a70 (10,240au/ml) proved to be bactericidal, but not extensively lytic, against listerial strains. the antibacterial activity of aureocin a70 (16au/ml) was then tested in uht-treated skimmed milk inoculated with the fo ...201627543814
the essential role of neutrophils during infection with the intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes.neutrophils have historically been characterized as first responder cells vital to host survival because of their ability to contain and eliminate bacterial and fungal pathogens. however, recent studies have shown that neutrophils participate in both protective and detrimental responses to a diverse array of inflammatory and infectious diseases. although the contribution of neutrophils to extracellular infections has been investigated for decades, their specific role during intracellular bacteri ...201627543669
spontaneous symmetry breaking for geometrical trajectories of actin-based motility in three dimensions.actin-based motility is important for many cellular processes. in this article we extend our previous studies of an actin-propelled circular disk in two dimensions to an actin-propelled spherical bead in three dimensions. we find that for an achiral load the couplings between the motion of the load and the actin network induce a series of bifurcations, starting with a transition from rest to moving state, followed by a transition from straight to planar curves, and finally a further transition f ...201627575158
oral exposure to listeria monocytogenes in aged il-17rko mice: a possible murine model to study listeriosis in susceptible populations.foodborne listeria monocytogenes (lm) is a cause of serious illness and death in the us. the case-fatality rate of invasive lm infection in the elderly population is >50%. the goal of this study is to establish a murine model of oral lm infection that can be used as a surrogate for human foodborne listeriosis in the geriatric population. adult c57bl/6 (wild-type, wt) and adult or old il17r-ko (knock-out) mice were gavaged with a murinized lm strain (lmo-inla(m)) and monitored for body-weight los ...201627574777
molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of listeria monocytogenes isolated from milk and milk products in kaduna, nigeria.in this study, listeria (l.) monocytogenes isolated from milk and milk products in kaduna, nigeria, were subjected to a multiplex pcr assay to identify virulence-associated genes (such as prf a, inl a, hly a, act a, and iap). of the 36 isolates, 9 (25%) were positive for one or two virulence-associated genes. based on the sample type, 6 (16.9%) of the isolates that possessed virulence-associated genes were obtained from raw milk, 2 (3.2%) from "manshanu," and 1 (2.8%) from "kindrimo." sequence a ...201627597873
neonatal listeriosis: uncommon or misdiagnosed?the incidence of perinatal and neonatal listeriosis is underestimated due undiagnosed stillbirths, misdiagnosis of nl and underreporting of single case reports. recent outbreaks reinforce the need for better surveillance and targeted health education in certain population groups especially during pregnancy.201627589546
epidermal fatty acid binding protein (e-fabp) is not required for the generation or maintenance of effector and memory t cells following infection with listeria monocytogenes.following activation of naïve t cells there are dynamic changes in the metabolic pathways used by t cells to support both the energetic needs of the cell and the macromolecules required for growth and proliferation. among other changes, lipid metabolism undergoes dynamic transitions between fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid synthesis as cells progress from naïve to effector and effector to memory t cells. the hydrophobic nature of lipids requires that they be bound to protein chaperones within ...201627588422
outbreak of listeria monocytogenes infections linked to a pasteurized ice cream product served to hospitalized patients.two cases of hospital-acquired listeriosis were linked to a commercially produced, pasteurized ice cream mix. manufacturers should implement safety measures from the food safety modernization act to minimize the risk of listeria contamination. dietary guidelines for persons at high risk of listeriosis may need revision to recognize the potential risk from pasteurized products.201627586030
factors contributes to spontaneous abortion caused by listeria monocytogenes, in tehran, iran, 2015.spontaneous abortion is the loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy, when occurring naturally without any surgical or pharmaceutical intervention. on the other hand, listeria monocytogenes, as one of the foodborne pathogens, is a causative agent of listeriosis. the transfer of l. monocytogenes in pregnant women occurs as self-limited flu-like symptoms which may result in abortion, stillbirth or premature birth of infected infants. the purpose of this study was the identification of lis ...201627585255
variability of listeria monocytogenes strains in biofilm formation on stainless steel and polystyrene materials and resistance to peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds.listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen able to tolerate adverse conditions by forming biofilms or by deploying stress resistant mechanisms, and thus manages to survive for long periods in food processing plants. this study sought to investigate the correlation between biofilm forming ability, tolerance to disinfectants and cell surface characteristics of twelve l. monocytogenes strains. the following attributes were evaluated: (i) biofilm formation by crystal violet staining method on po ...201627585076
draft genome sequences of 15 isolates of listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a, subgroup st204.listeria monocytogenes sequence type 204 (st204) strains have been isolated from a range of food, environmental, and clinical sources in australia. this study describes the draft genome sequences of 15 isolates collected from meat and dairy associated sources.201627609916
[bacterial meningitis in adults in emergency and rescue services].the cardinal symptoms of bacterial meningitis are headache, fever, impaired consciousness and nuchal stiffness (meningism); however, the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis can only be confirmed or ruled out by investigation of cerebrospinal fluid. the recommended empirical antibiotic regimen for community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis in adults in germany is a combination of ceftriaxone and ampicillin plus adjuvant dexamethasone. an important influenceable factor for treatment success ...201627600937
extracellular superoxide dismutase enhances recruitment of immature neutrophils to the liver.listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive intracellular pathogen that causes spontaneous abortion in pregnant women, as well as septicemia, meningitis, and gastroenteritis, primarily in immunocompromised individuals. although l. monocytogenes can usually be effectively treated with antibiotics, there is still around a 25% mortality rate with individuals who develop clinical listeriosis. neutrophils are innate immune cells required for the clearance of pathogenic organisms, including l. monocytog ...201627600509
listeria monocytogenes infection of hd11, chicken macrophage-like cells.listeria monocytogenes can be carried by and infect poultry, although the clinical disease in birds is rare. escape from macrophage phagocytosis is a key step in pathogenesis for l. monocytogenes therefore, we investigated the infection of the chicken macrophage-like cell line hd11 with 2 strains of l. monocytogenes egd-e and scott a. after infection, l. monocytogenes was quantified by spread plating and hd11 was quantified with trypan blue exclusion stain before enumeration. the standard macrop ...201627738121
genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes plasmid plm-c-273 carrying genes related to stress resistance.mobile genetic elements in bacteria, such as plasmids, act as important vectors for the transfer of antibiotic resistance, virulence, and metal resistance genes. here, we report the genome sequence of a new plasmid plm-c-273, identified in a listeria monocytogenes strain isolated from a clinical sample in ontario, canada.201627738039
epitope-specific vaccination limits clonal expansion of heterologous naive t cells during viral challenge.despite robust secondary t cell expansion primed by vaccination, the impact on primary immune responses to heterotypic antigens remains undefined. here we show that secondary expansion of epitope-specific memory cd8(+) t cells primed by prior infection with recombinant pathogens limits the primary expansion of naive cd8(+) t cells with specificity to new heterologous antigens, dampening protective immunity against subsequent pathogen challenge. the degree of naive t cell repression directly para ...201627732841
the development of methods for the detection of salmonella in chickens by a combination of immunomagnetic separation and pcrs.micro- and nanoimmunomagnetic beads (mimbs and nimbs) used for immunomagnetic separation (ims) with pcr were studied for the rapid detection of salmonella. the capture efficiency of the two different imbs was evaluated by a conventional plate counting method, and the binding pattern was studied using scanning electron microscopy. the specificity of the imbs was tested with salmonella, shigella flexneri, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes. by comparing the pre- ...201627730684
insights into the mechanism of homeoviscous adaptation to low temperature in branched-chain fatty acid-containing bacteria through modeling fabh kinetics from the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes.the psychrotolerant foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes withstands the stress of low temperatures and can proliferate in refrigerated food. bacteria adapt to growth at low temperatures by increasing the production of fatty acids that increase membrane fluidity. the mechanism of homeoviscous increases in unsaturated fatty acid amounts in bacteria that predominantly contain straight-chain fatty acids is relatively well understood. by contrast the analogous mechanism in branched-chain fatty a ...201627656167
human γδ t cells augment antigen presentation in listeria monocytogenes infection.circulating γδ t cells in healthy individuals rapidly respond to bacterial and viral pathogens. many studies have demonstrated that γδ t cells are activated and expanded by listeria monocytogenes (l.monocytogenes), a foodborne bacterial pathogen with high fatality rates. however, the roles of γδ t cells during l.monocytogenes infection are not clear. in the present study, we characterized the morphological characteristics of phagocytosis in γδ t cells after l.monocytogenes infection using transm ...201627652377
listeria rhombencephalitis complicating anti-tnf treatment during an acute flare of crohn's colitis.patients with crohn's disease often require the use of immunosuppressant drugs to control disease activity. such medication includes steroids, azathioprine, and biologic therapy. these suppress the immune response, and the patient is more susceptible to infection. we present a case of a 69-year-old gentleman with a history of crohn's colitis who had ongoing symptoms of diarrhoea in spite of standard treatment. biologic therapy was considered to be the next step, and screening for infection was u ...201627651962
rab32 restriction of intracellular bacterial pathogens.our immune system is engaged in a continuous battle against invading pathogens, many of which have evolved to survive in intracellular niches of mammalian hosts. a variety of cellular processes are involved in preventing bacterial invasion or in killing bacteria that successfully invade host cells. recently, the rab gtpase rab32 emerged as critical regulator of a host defense pathway that can eliminate bacterial pathogens. salmonella enterica is an intracellular bacterium and a major cause of in ...201627645564
tumor suppressor p53 protects mice against listeria monocytogenes infection.tumor suppressor p53 is involved in regulating immune responses, which contribute to antitumor and antiviral activity. however, whether p53 has anti-bacterial functions remains unclear. listeria monocytogenes (lm) causes listeriosis in humans and animals, and it is a powerful model for studying innate and adaptive immunity. in the present study, we illustrate an important regulatory role of p53 during lm infection. p53 knockout (p53ko) mice were more susceptible to lm infection, which was manife ...201627644341
listeria monocytogenes strains which are underrepresented during selective enrichment with the iso method might dominate during passage through simulated gastric fluid and in vitro infection of caco-2 cells.various listeria monocytogenes strains may contaminate a single food potentially resulting in simultaneous exposure of consumers to multiple strains. however, l. monocytogenes strains isolated from foods by selective enrichment (se) might not always represent those that can better survive a patient immune system, due to bias in strain recovery. we investigated the effect of co-cultivation in tsb-y at 10°c for 8 days on i) the detection of l. monocytogenes strains during se with the iso 11290-1:1 ...201627637880
genome sequence of the listeria monocytogenes food isolate hpb913, collected in canada in 1993.listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium of importance to public health and food safety agencies. we present the genome sequence of the serotype 1/2a l. monocytogenes food isolate hpb913, which was collected in canada in 1993 as part of an investigation into a sporadic case of foodborne illness.201627634991
anti-listerial effect of selected essential oils and thymol.the anti-listerial effect of marjoram, thyme essential oils (eos) and thymol on listeria monocytogenes inoculated chicken breast fillets was investigated. before inoculation the fillets were pretreated by washing or not under running tap water. inoculated samples were kept at 6 °c for 24 h to allow the growth of l. monocytogenes. after this, the fillets were put in marinating solutions containing salt (5%) and eos or thymol in mic/2 concentration established in vitro. total germ count (tgc) and ...201627630055
intestinal organoids as a novel tool to study microbes-epithelium interactions.the gut, particularly the colon, is the host of approximately 1000 bacterial species, the so-called gut microbiota. the relationship between the gut microbiota and the host is symbiotic and mutualistic, influencing many aspects of the biology of the host. this homeostatic balance can be disrupted by enteric pathogens, such as shigella flexneri or listeria monocytogenes, which are able to invade the epithelial layer and consequently subvert physiological functions. to study the host-microbe inter ...201627628134
the correlation between nacl adaptation and heat sensitivity of listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen through fresh and processed meat.this study examined the relationship between nacl sensitivity and stress response of listeria monocytogenes. nine strains of l. monocytogenes (nccp10805, nccp10806, nccp10807, nccp10808, nccp10809, nccp10810, nccp10811, nccp10920 and nccp 10943) were exposed to 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% nacl, and then incubated at 60℃ for 60 min to select strains that were heat-sensitized (hs) and non-sensitized (ns) by nacl exposure. after heat challenge, l. monocytogenes strains were categorized as hs (nccp 10805, ncc ...201627621687
selective photocatalytic disinfection by coupling strepminisog to the antibody catalyzed water oxidation pathway.for several decades reactive oxygen species have been applied to water quality engineering and efficient disinfection strategies; however, these methods are limited by disinfection byproduct and catalyst-derived toxicity concerns which could be improved by selectively targeting contaminants of interest. here we present a targeted photocatalytic system based on the fusion protein strepminisog that uses light within the visible spectrum to produce reactive oxygen species at a greater efficiency th ...201627617441
bacterial meningitis in patients using immunosuppressive medication: a population-based prospective nationwide study.we studied occurrence, presentation, disease course, effect of adjunctive dexamethasone, and prognosis of bacterial meningitis in patients using immunosuppressive medication. patients were selected from our nationwide, prospective cohort on community-acquired bacterial meningitis performed from march 1, 2006 through october 31, 2014. eighty-seven of 1447 episodes (6 %) of bacterial meningitis occurred in patients using immunosuppressive medication, and consisted of corticosteroids in 82 %. patie ...201627613024
distinct surveillance pathway for immunopathology during acute infection via autophagy and sr-bi.the mechanisms protecting from immunopathology during acute bacterial infections are incompletely known. we found that in response to apoptotic immune cells and live or dead listeria monocytogenes scavenger receptor bi (sr-bi), an anti-atherogenic lipid exchange mediator, activated internalization mechanisms with characteristics of macropinocytosis and, assisted by golgi fragmentation, initiated autophagic responses. this was supported by scavenger receptor-induced local increases in membrane ch ...201627694929
listeria monocytogenes in stone fruits linked to a multistate outbreak: enumeration of cells and whole-genome sequencing.in 2014, the identification of stone fruits contaminated with listeria monocytogenes led to the subsequent identification of a multistate outbreak. simultaneous detection and enumeration of l. monocytogenes were performed on 105 fruits, each weighing 127 to 145 g, collected from 7 contaminated lots. the results showed that 53.3% of the fruits yielded l. monocytogenes (lower limit of detection, 5 cfu/fruit), and the levels ranged from 5 to 2,850 cfu/fruit, with a geometric mean of 11.3 cfu/fruit ...201627694232
widespread shortening of 3' untranslated regions and increased exon inclusion are evolutionarily conserved features of innate immune responses to infection.the contribution of pre-mrna processing mechanisms to the regulation of immune responses remains poorly studied despite emerging examples of their role as regulators of immune defenses. we sought to investigate the role of mrna processing in the cellular responses of human macrophages to live bacterial infections. here, we used mrna sequencing to quantify gene expression and isoform abundances in primary macrophages from 60 individuals, before and after infection with listeria monocytogenes and ...201627690314
a look inside the listeria monocytogenes biofilms extracellular matrix.listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen able to persist in food industry and is responsible for a severe illness called listeriosis. the ability of l. monocytogenes to persist in environments is due to its capacity to form biofilms that are a sessile community of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (eps's). in this review, we summarized recent efforts performed in order to better characterize the polymeric substances that compose the ext ...201627681916
phage inactivation of listeria monocytogenes on san daniele dry-cured ham and elimination of biofilms from equipment and working environments.the anti-listerial activity of generally recognized as safe (gras) bacteriophage listex p100 (phage p100) was demonstrated in broths and on the surface of slices of dry-cured ham against 5 strains or serotypes (i.e., scott a, 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) of listeria monocytogenes. in a broth model system, phage p100 at a concentration equal to or greater than 7 log pfu/ml completely inhibited 2 log cfu/cm² or 3 log cfu/cm² of l. monocytogenes growth at 30 °c. the temperature (4, 10, 20 °c) seemed to infl ...201627681898
anti-listerial activity of four seaweed essential oils against listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is one of the most virulent types of bacteria and causes severe foodborne illness, such as listeriosis. because this pathogen has become resistant to sanitizers and other disinfectants that are used to clean utensils and surfaces during food processing, it poses a serious threat to the food industry.201627679700
uptake and metabolism of antibiotics roseoflavin and 8-demethyl-8-aminoriboflavin in riboflavin-auxotrophic listeria monocytogenes.the riboflavin analogs roseoflavin (rof) and 8-demethyl-8-aminoriboflavin (af) are produced by the bacteria streptomyces davawensis and streptomyces cinnabarinus riboflavin analogs have the potential to be used as broad-spectrum antibiotics, and we therefore studied the metabolism of riboflavin (vitamin b2), rof, and af in the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium which is a riboflavin auxotroph. we show that the l. monocytogenes protein lmo1945 is responsible for the uptake of ribo ...201627672192
a multiplex pcr for detection of listeria monocytogenes and its lineages.a novel multiplex pcr assay was developed to identify genus listeria, and discriminate listeria monocytogenes and its major lineages (li, lii, liii). this assay is a rapid and inexpensive subtyping method for screening and characterization of l. monocytogenes.201627671346
diversity of listeria monocytogenes strains of clinical and food chain origins in belgium between 1985 and 2014.listeriosis is a rare but severe disease, mainly caused by listeria monocytogenes. this study shows the results of the laboratory-based surveillance of listeriosis in belgium over the period 1985-2014. besides the incidence and some demographic data we present also more detailed microbiological and molecular characteristics of human strains isolated since 2000. the strains from the latter period were compared to food and animal strains from the same period. our study shows that different food ma ...201627723768
whole genome-based population biology and epidemiological surveillance of listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes (lm) is a major human foodborne pathogen. numerous lm outbreaks have been reported worldwide and associated with a high case fatality rate, reinforcing the need for strongly coordinated surveillance and outbreak control. we developed a universally applicable genome-wide strain genotyping approach and investigated the population diversity of lm using 1,696 isolates from diverse sources and geographical locations. we define, with unprecedented precision, the population struc ...201627723724
a chitosan-coated liposome encapsulating antibacterial peptide, apep10: characterisation, triggered-release effects and antilisterial activity in thaw water of frozen chicken.contamination of listeria monocytogenes in food and their processing environment is a focus of attention in the food industry. to achieve the controlled release of antibacterial agents to a food processing environment contaminated by l. monocytogenes, chitosan-stabilised liposomes encapsulating apep10 (glarclagtl), an antibacterial peptide derived from boiled-dried anchovies, were prepared by utilising listeria toxins to activate the peptide release. characteristics including the particle size, ...201627713959
estrous cycle and gestational age-dependent expression of members of the interleukin-36 subfamily in a semi-allogeneic model of infected and non-infected murine pregnancy.the il-36 subfamily is a recently described group of cytokines with pro-inflammatory behavior, comprising three agonists (α, β, and γ), its receptor (r), and one antagonist (ra). the expression and function of il-36 subfamily members in the estrous cycle in healthy and infected pregnancy has not been described. we evaluated mrna and protein expression of il-36 family members during the estrous cycle, implantation, fetal development, and post-labor periods in a model of allogenic pregnancy in mic ...201627713746
a single capsule formulation of rhb-104 demonstrates higher anti-microbial growth potency for effective treatment of crohn's disease associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.most recently we reported that rhb‑104 triple antibiotics combination in culture is bactericidal and should be effective for treatment of crohn's disease (cd)-associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) (alcedo et al. in gut pathog 14:32, 2016). the combination exhibited unique synergistic antimicrobial growth activity. the proprietary rhb-104 capsule formulation contains active ingredients (63.3 % clarithromycin (cla), 6.7 % clofazimine (clo) and 30 % rifabutin (rif)). ...201627708718
rt-qpcr analysis of 15 genes encoding putative surface proteins involved in adherence of listeria monocytogenes.l. monocytogenes adherence to food-associated abiotic surfaces and the development of biofilms as one of the underlying reasons for the contamination of ready-to-eat products is well known. the over-expression of internalins that improves adherence has been noted in cells growing as attached cells or at elevated incubation temperatures. however, the role of other internalin-independent surface proteins as adhesins has been uncharacterized to date. using two strains each of weakly- and strongly-a ...201627706070
met-activating residues in the b-repeat of the listeria monocytogenes invasion protein inlb.the facultative intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a rare but life-threatening disease. host cell entry begins with activation of the human receptor tyrosine kinase met through the bacterial invasion protein inlb, which contains an internalin domain, a b-repeat, and three gw domains. the internalin domain is known to bind met, but no interaction partner is known for the b-repeat. adding the b-repeat to the internalin domain potentiates met activation and is require ...201627789707
expression of surface protein lapb by a wide spectrum of listeria monocytogenes serotypes as demonstrated with anti-lapb monoclonal antibodies.protein antigens expressed on the surface of all strains of listeria monocytogenes and absent from nonpathogenic listeria spp. are presumably useful targets for pathogen identification, detection, and isolation using specific antibodies (abs). to seek such surface proteins expressed in various strains of l. monocytogenes for diagnostic applications, we focused on a set of surface proteins known to be involved or putatively involved in l. monocytogenes virulence and identified listeria adhesion p ...201627613687
antimicrobial resistance of listeria monocytogenes isolated from seafood and humans in iran.fourteen listeria monocytogenes isolates previously collected from seafood (n = 7) and human patients (n = 7) were studied for their antimicrobial susceptibility against eight common antimicrobials (ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime). a high resistance level to ampicillin, cefotaxime (100%), and pencillin (57% in seafood isolates and 71.4% in clinical isolates) was observed in this study. however, all of ...201627622345
8-thioalkyl-adenosine derivatives inhibit listeria monocytogenes nad kinase through a novel binding mode.increased resistance of pathogens to existing antibiotics necessitates the search for novel targets to develop potent antimicrobials. biosynthetic pathways of several cofactors important for bacterial growth, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadp), have been proposed as a promising source of antibiotic targets. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinases (nadk; ec 2.7.1.23) are attractive for inhibitor development, since they catalyze the phosphorylation of nad to nadp, which i ...201627783975
survival and metabolic activity of pediocin producer pediococcus acidilactici ul5: its impact on intestinal microbiota and listeria monocytogenes in a model of the human terminal ileum.pediococcus acidilactici ul5 is a promising probiotic candidate due to its high survival rate under gastric and duodenal conditions and to its ability to produce the antilisterial bacteriocin pediocin pa-1. its survival, metabolic activity, and impact on listeria monocytogenes in a continuous stirred tank reactor containing immobilized human intestinal microbiota were studied over a period of 32 days of feeding a nutrient medium simulating ileal chyme. the impact of p. acidilactici ul5 on differ ...201626162534
transport and catabolism of pentitols by listeria monocytogenes.transposon insertion into listeria monocytogenes lmo2665, which encodes an eiic of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (pts), was found to prevent d-arabitol utilization. we confirm this result with a deletion mutant and show that lmo2665 is also required for d-xylitol utilization. we therefore called this protein eiicaxl. both pentitols are probably catabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway (ppp) because lmo2665 belongs to an operon, which encodes the three ptsaxl ...201627553222
innate and adaptive immunologic functions of complement in the host response to listeria monocytogenes infection.listeria monocytogenes is a leading cause of foodborne-illness associated mortality that has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to several significant outbreaks. it has also served as a model organism for the study of intracellular pathogens. for these reasons the host response to l. monocytogenes has long been the subject of investigation. a potent innate and adaptive immune response is required for containment and clearance of l. monocytogenes. however, some elements of this ...201627476791
rickettsia sca4 reduces vinculin-mediated intercellular tension to promote spread.spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae are human pathogens that infect cells in the vasculature. they disseminate through host tissues by a process of cell-to-cell spread that involves protrusion formation, engulfment, and vacuolar escape. other bacterial pathogens rely on actin-based motility to provide a physical force for spread. here, we show that sfg species rickettsia parkeri typically lack actin tails during spread and instead manipulate host intercellular tension and mechanotransduction t ...201627768890
induction and stability of oxidative stress adaptation in listeria monocytogenes egd (bug600) and f1057 in sublethal concentrations of h2o2 and naoh.food processing and food handling environments may contain residual levels of sanitizers or cleaners which may trigger oxidative stress adaptation in listeria monocytogenes. the aim of this study was to determine the induction and stability of oxidative stress adaptation in l. monocytogenes egd (bug600) (serotype 1/2a) and f1057 (serotype 4b) at different concentrations and times of sublethal oxidative stress induced by h2o2 or sublethal alkali stress induced by naoh at 37°c. both l. monocytogen ...201627716471
applicability of the en iso 11290-1 standard method for listeria monocytogenes detection in presence of new listeria species.during the past six years, new species of the genus listeria have been isolated from foods and other environmental niches worldwide. the standard method en iso 11290-1 that is currently under revision will include in its scope all listeria species in addition to l. monocytogenes. the objective of this project was to evaluate the ability of the standard en iso 11290-1 method to detect and identify the newly discovered listeria spp., and to assess potential over-growth effects of the new species i ...201627716470
effect of sodium alginate coating incorporated with nisin, cinnamomum zeylanicum, and rosemary essential oils on microbial quality of chicken meat and fate of listeria monocytogenes during refrigeration.the present study was conducted to preserve the microbial quality of chicken meat fillets during storage time by using sodium alginate active coating solutions incorporated with different natural antimicrobials including nisin, cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), and rosemary essential oils (eos) which were added individually and in combination. the samples were stored in refrigeration condition for 15days and were analyzed for total viable count, enterobacteriaceae count, lactic acid bacteria cou ...201627620825
characterization of a plasmid carrying cat, ermb and tets genes in a foodborne listeria monocytogenes strain and uptake of the plasmid by cariogenic streptococcus mutans.a multi-drug resistant (mdr) listeria monocytogenes isolate (serotype 1/2c) was recovered from a quick-frozen rice flour product collected from langfang city in northern china. pcr screening identified the presence of cat, ermb and tets genes. the plasmid profile of the strain showed the presence of an approximately 22.4-kb plasmid. curing of this plasmid resulted in the loss of cat, ermb and tets genes and increased susceptibility to several antibiotics, suggesting the involvement of the plasmi ...201627592072
survival of foodborne pathogens (escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, and vibrio parahaemolyticus) in raw ready-to-eat crab marinated in soy sauce.knowing the survival characteristics of foodborne pathogens in raw ready-to-eat (rte) seafood is the key to predicting whether they pose a microbiological hazard. the present study examined the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemoliticus, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus in raw rte crab marinated in soy sauce. inoculated crabs (initial bacterial population=4.1-4.4logcfu/g) were immersed in soy sauce and then stored at refrigeration (5°c) ...201627591386
development of synthetic media mimicking food soils to study the behaviour of listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel surfaces.listeria monocytogenes is one of the main targets of hygiene procedures in the ready-to-eat food industry due to its ability to persist for months or even years in processing plants, where it can contaminate food during processing. the factors associated with persistence are often those that foster growth, which itself depends on food contamination of surfaces. it is therefore essential to experiment by using food soils or media modelling these soils to understand the behaviour of l. monocytogen ...201627589019
interferon regulatory factor 4 controls th1 cell effector function and metabolism.the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 4 (irf4) is essential for th2 and th17 cell formation and controls peripheral cd8(+) t cell differentiation. we used listeria monocytogenes infection to characterize the function of irf4 in th1 responses. irf4(-/-) mice generated only marginal numbers of listeria-specific th1 cells. after transfer into infected mice, irf4(-/-) cd4(+) t cells failed to differentiate into th1 cells as indicated by reduced t-bet and ifn-γ expression, and showed ...201627762344
data on the effect of cytopiloyne against listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.cytopiloyne (cp), a novel polyacetylene compound extracted from b. pilosa, shows a multi-bioactivity, including immunomodulatory and antidiabetes. here, we investigated the anti-listeria effect of cytopiloyne in mice by assessing mortality, clearance of l. monocytogenes, and pathology examination. the data presented herein are supplemental to our research article entitled "cytopiloyne, a polyacetylenic glucoside from bidens pilosa, acts as a novel anticandidial agent via regulation of macrophage ...201627761492
hydrogen peroxide-mediated conversion of coproheme to heme b by hemq-lessons from the first crystal structure and kinetic studies.heme biosynthesis in gram-positive bacteria follows a recently described coproporphyrin-dependent pathway with hemq catalyzing the decarboxylation of coproheme to heme b. here we present the first crystal structure of a hemq (homopentameric coproheme-hemq from listeria monocytogenes) at 1.69 å resolution and the conversion of coproheme to heme b followed by uv-vis and resonance raman spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. the ferric five-coordinated coproheme iron of hemq is weakly bound by ...201627758026
anti-listeria effects of chitosan-coated nisin-silica liposome on cheddar cheese.listeria monocytogenes poses an increasing challenge to cheese production. to minimize the risk of bacterial contamination, a chitosan-coated nisin-silica liposome was engineered for the present study. we investigated the characteristics of nisin-silica liposomes and the anti-listeria effects of a chitosan-coated nisin-silica liposome on cheddar cheese. the encapsulation efficiency of nisin in a liposome was sharply increased after it was adsorbed on a silica particle surface. chitosan-coated ni ...201627568051
paper-based bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence switch for label-free and sensitive genetic detection of pathogenic bacteria.genetic analysis is of great importance for the detection of pathogenic bacteria. bacterial identification must become simpler, less expensive, and more rapid than the traditional methods. in this study, a low-cost, label-free, and wireless paper-based bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence (pbpe-ecl) analysis system was constructed for the rapid and sensitive genetic detection of pathogenic bacteria. wax-screen printing was used to form hydrophilic channels on filter paper, and a carbon ink ...201627633711
inlp, a new virulence factor with strong placental tropism.intrauterine infection is a major detriment for maternal-child health and occurs despite local mechanisms that protect the maternal-fetal interface from a wide variety of pathogens. the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes causes spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and preterm labor in humans and serves as a model for placental pathogenesis. given the unique immunological environment of the maternal-fetal interface, we hypothesized that virulence determinants with placental tropism are requir ...201627736782
listeria monocytogenes encodes a functional esx-1 secretion system whose expression is detrimental to in vivo infection.bacterial pathogenicity deeply depends on the ability to secrete virulence factors that bind specific targets on host cells and manipulate host responses. the gram-positive bacterium listeria monocytogenes is a human foodborne pathogen that remains a serious public health concern. to transport proteins across its cell envelope, this facultative intracellular pathogen engages a set of specialized secretion systems. here we show that l. monocytogenes egde uses a specialized secretion system, named ...201627723420
senp1 regulates ifn-γ-stat1 signaling through stat3-socs3 negative feedback loop.interferon-γ (ifn-γ) triggers macrophage for inflammation response by activating the intracellular jak-stat1 signaling. suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (socs1) and protein tyrosine phosphatases can negatively modulate ifn-γ signaling. here, we identify a novel negative feedback loop mediated by stat3-socs3, which is tightly controlled by senp1 via de-sumoylation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (ptp1b), in ifn-γ signaling. senp1-deficient macrophages show defects in ifn-γ signaling and m1 m ...201627702761
in vivo emergence of rifampicin resistance by rpob mutation in listeria monocytogenes during therapy of prosthetic joint infection. 201627659120
enrichment dynamics of listeria monocytogenes and the associated microbiome from naturally contaminated ice cream linked to a listeriosis outbreak.microbiota that co-enrich during efforts to recover pathogens from foodborne outbreaks interfere with efficient detection and recovery. here, dynamics of co-enriching microbiota during recovery of listeria monocytogenes from naturally contaminated ice cream samples linked to an outbreak are described for three different initial enrichment formulations used by the food and drug administration (fda), the international organization of standardization (iso), and the united states department of agric ...201627852235
listeria monocytogenes sequence type 1 is predominant in ruminant rhombencephalitis.listeria (l.) monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening infections in diverse mammalian species including humans and ruminants. as little is known on the link between strains and clinicopathological phenotypes, we studied potential strain-associated virulence and organ tropism in l. monocytogenes isolates from well-defined ruminant cases of clinical infections and the farm environment. the phylogeny of isolates and their virulence-associated genes were analyzed by multi ...201627848981
resistance to biocides in listeria monocytogenes collected in meat-processing environments.the emergence of microorganisms exerting resistance to biocides is a challenge to meat-processing environments. bacteria can be intrinsically resistant to biocides but resistance can also be acquired by adaptation to their sub-lethal concentrations. moreover, the presence of biocide resistance determinants, which is closely linked to antibiotic resistance determinants, could lead to co-selection during disinfection practices along the food chain, and select cross-resistant foodborne pathogens. t ...201627807430
inhibition effect of tea tree oil on listeria monocytogenes growth and exotoxin proteins listeriolysin o and p60 secretion.listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes) is a gram-positive bacterium that causes infections in humans. in this study, the effects of tea tree oil (tto) at subinhibitory concentrations on l. monocytogenes growth and two important exotoxin proteins secreted by l. monocytogenes were researched. treatment with half of minimal inhibitory concentration of tto demonstrated very little or no reduction in numbers of viable atcc 19115 cells. listeriolysin o (llo) and p60, were investigated. a listerioly ...201627591558
listeria spp. and listeria monocytogenes contamination in ready-to-eat sandwiches collected from vending machines.ready-to-eat (rte) food is characterised by a long shelf-life at refrigerated temperature and can be consumed as such, without any treatment. the aim of the work was to evaluate the presence of listeria spp. and listeria monocytogenes in rtes collected from refrigerated vending machines placed in hospital environment and accessible to the hospitalised patients. in 4 different sampling, 55 rtes were collected from vending machines of six hospitals located in different areas of sardinia region. al ...201627800439
detection of food hazards in foods: comparison of real time polymerase chain reaction and cultural methods.foodstuffs should not contain microorganisms or their toxins or metabolites in quantities suggesting an unacceptable risk for human health. the detection of food hazards in foods is performed by several tests that produce results dependent on the analytical method used: an analytical reference method, defined as standard, is associated with each microbiological criterion laid down in regulation 2073/2005/ec, but, analytical methods other than the reference ones, in particular more rapid methods, ...201627800434
antimicrobial activity of chitosan films with essential oils against listeria monocytogenes on cabbage.the highest incidence of listeriosis, due to consumption of ready-to-eat foods and fresh, shredded, minimally processed vegetables, occurs among pregnant women and the elderly. in order to reduce the prevalence of listeriosis among consumers, better protective measures are recommended. chitosan films, with or without added essential oils, represent a modern, safe method of preserving the quality of such vegetables and significantly reducing the incidence of listeria monocytogenes in these foods.201627800143
adaptive response of listeria monocytogenes to heat, salinity and low ph, after habituation on cherry tomatoes and lettuce leaves.pathogens found on fresh produce may encounter low temperatures, high acidity and limited nutrient availability. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of habituation of listeria monocytogenes on cherry tomatoes or lettuce leaves on its subsequent response to inhibitory levels of acid, osmotic and heat stress. habituation was performed by inoculating lettuce coupons, whole cherry tomatoes or tryptic soy broth (tsb) with a three-strains composite of l. monocytogenes, which were further ...201627798688
menin plays a critical role in the regulation of the antigen-specific cd8+ t cell response upon listeria infection.menin, a tumor suppressor protein, is encoded by the men1 gene in humans. certain germinal mutations of men1 induce an autosomal-dominant syndrome that is characterized by concurrent parathyroid adenomas and several other tumor types. although menin is also expressed in hematopoietic lineages, its role in cd8(+) t cells remains unclear. we generated menin(flox/flox) cd4-cre (menin-ko) mice by crossing menin(flox/flox) mice with cd4-cre transgenic (tg) mice to determine the role of menin in cd8(+ ...201627798149
the impact of a cold chain break on the survival of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes on minimally processed 'conference' pears during their shelf life.in recent years, improved detection methods and increased fresh-cut processing of produce have led to an increased number of outbreaks associated with fresh fruits and vegetables. during fruit and vegetable processing, natural protective barriers are removed and tissues are cut, causing nutrient rich exudates and providing attachment sites for microbes. consequently, fresh-cut produce is more susceptible to microbial proliferation than whole produce.201627813092
prevalence, and virulence determination of listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from clinical and non-clinical samples by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.this study aimed to determine the prevalence, and virulence factors of listeria monocytogenes isolated from various samples by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr).201627812659
effectiveness of washing procedures in reducing salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes on a raw leafy green vegetable (eruca vesicaria).vegetables are an important source of nutrients, but they can host a large microbial population, particularly bacteria. foodborne pathogens can contaminate raw vegetables at any stage of their production process with a potential for human infection. appropriate washing can mitigate the risk of foodborne illness consequent to vegetable consumption by reducing pathogen levels, but few data are available to assess the efficacy of different practices. in the present work, six different washing metho ...201627812356
determination of virulence and antibiotic resistance pattern of biofilm producing listeria species isolated from retail raw milk.one of the foodborne pathogens is listeria monocytogenes, which causes serious invasive illness in elderly and immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, newborns and infants ranking second after salmonellosis because of its high case fatality rate. listerial cow mastitis marked by abnormal milk, increased cell counts and reduced production has not been reported. therefore, apparently healthy cows can be reservoirs of l. monocytogenes. a number of 203 udder milk samples from apparently healthy ...201627821054
structure to function of an α-glucan metabolic pathway that promotes listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis.here we employ a 'systems structural biology' approach to functionally characterize an unconventional α-glucan metabolic pathway from the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes (lm). crystal structure determination coupled with basic biochemical and biophysical assays allowed for the identification of anabolic, transport, catabolic and regulatory portions of the cycloalternan pathway. these findings provide numerous insights into cycloalternan pathway function and reveal the mechanism of rep ...201627819654
mesothelin immunotherapy for cancer: ready for prime time?mesothelin is a tumor antigen that is highly expressed in many human cancers, including malignant mesothelioma and pancreatic, ovarian, and lung adenocarcinomas. it is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy because its normal expression is limited to mesothelial cells, which are dispensable. several antibody-based therapeutic agents as well as vaccine and t-cell therapies directed at mesothelin are undergoing clinical evaluation. these include antimesothelin immunotoxins (ss1p, rg7787/lmb ...201627863199
emulsion stabilized with starch octenyl succinate prolongs nisin activity against listeria monocytogenes in a cantaloupe juice model.food safety related to fresh and fresh-cut produce, such as cantaloupe, is a great challenge in the food industry. various processing technologies, including the use of antimicrobial materials, have been applied to reduce pathogens. nisin, an antimicrobial peptide, shows strong inhibitory activity against listeria monocytogenes (lm); however, it suffers from quick depletion in foods. in this study, the protective effect of starch octenyl succinate (starch-os) stabilized emulsion on nisin was eva ...201627861862
a systematic investigation of parameters influencing droplet rain in the listeria monocytogenes prfa assay - reduction of ambiguous results in ddpcr.the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddpcr) determines dna amounts based upon the pattern of positive and negative droplets, according to poisson distribution, without the use of external standards. however, division into positive and negative droplets is often not clear because a part of the droplets has intermediate fluorescence values, appearing as "rain" in the plot. despite the droplet rain, absolute quantification with ddpcr is possible, as shown previously for the prfa assay in ...201627992475
homologous prime-boost vaccination with ova entrapped in self-adjuvanting archaeosomes induces high numbers of ova-specific cd8⁺ t cells that protect against subcutaneous b16-ova melanoma.homologous prime-boost vaccinations with live vectors typically fail to induce repeated strong cd8⁺ t cell responses due to the induction of anti-vector immunity, highlighting the need for alternative delivery vehicles. the unique ether lipids of archaea may be constituted into liposomes, archaeosomes, which do not induce anti-carrier responses, making them an ideal candidate for use in repeat vaccination systems. herein, we evaluated in mice the maximum threshold of antigen-specific cd8⁺ t cell ...201627869670
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