Publications

evaluation of antioxidant, total phenol and flavonoid content and antimicrobial activities of artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) of underutilized tropical fruit extracts.	artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) pulp, peel and whole fruit were extracted with various solvents such as hexane, dichloromethane (dcm) and methanol. the antioxidant activity of these extracts were examined using the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical scavenging test. ic50 was 55 ± 5.89 μg/ml for the pulp part of methanol extract. in the β-carotene bleaching assay, the antioxidant activity was 90.02 ± 1.51 % for the positive control (trolox) and 88.34 ± 1.31 % for the pulp part of ...	2015	25649443
microbial diversity of mangrove sediment in shenzhen bay and gene cloning, characterization of an isolated phytase-producing strain of spc09 b. cereus.	phytases hydrolyze phytate to release inorganic phosphate, which decreases the requirement for phosphorus in fertilizers for crops and thus reduces environmental pollutants. this study analyzed microbial communities in rhizosphere sediment, collected in september 2012 from shenzhen bay, guangdong, china, using high-throughput pyrosequencing; the results showed that the dominant taxonomic phyla were chloroflexi, firmicutes, and proteobacteria, and the proportion of the beneficial bacteria, bacill ...	2015	25646962
characterisation of antimicrobial extracts from dandelion root (taraxacum officinale) using lc-spe-nmr.	plant extracts have traditionally been used as sources of natural antimicrobial compounds, although in many cases, the compounds responsible for their antimicrobial efficacy have not been identified. in this study, crude and dialysed extracts from dandelion root (taraxacum officinale) were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. the methanol hydrophobic crude extract (dre3) demonstrated the strongest inhibition of microbial growth a ...	2015	25644491
one-day pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for rapid determination of emetic bacillus cereus isolates.	bacillus cereus, the gram-positive and spore-forming ubiquitous bacterium, may cause emesis as the result of food intoxication with cereulide, a heat-stable emetic toxin. rapid determination of cereulide-positive b. cereus isolates is of highest importance due to consequences of this intoxication for human health and life. here we present a 1-day pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for emetic b. cereus isolates, which allows rapid and efficient determination of their genomic relatedness and helps d ...	2015	25639850
protein structure. structure and activity of tryptophan-rich tspo proteins.	translocator proteins (tspos) bind steroids and porphyrins, and they are implicated in many human diseases, for which they serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. tspos have tryptophan-rich sequences that are highly conserved from bacteria to mammals. here we report crystal structures for bacillus cereus tspo (bctspo) down to 1.7 å resolution, including a complex with the benzodiazepine-like inhibitor pk11195. we also describe bctspo-mediated protoporphyrin ix (ppix) reactions, including ca ...	2015	25635100
antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity of a fibrin(ogen)olytic protease from bacillus cereus strain ff01.	fibrin(ogen)olytic enzymes offer great promise for the treatment of thrombosis associated disorders. the present study describes the characterization of an extracellular fibrin(ogen)olytic serine protease (named bacethrombase) purified from the bacillus cereus strain ff01. the molecular mass of the bacethrombase was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectroscopy analyses at 39.5 kda and 38,4 ...	2015	25964180
time dynamics of the bacillus cereus exoproteome are shaped by cellular oxidation.	at low density, bacillus cereus cells release a large variety of proteins into the extracellular medium when cultivated in ph-regulated, glucose-containing minimal medium, either in the presence or absence of oxygen. the majority of these exoproteins are putative virulence factors, including toxin-related proteins. here, b. cereus exoproteome time courses were monitored by nanolc-ms/ms under low-oxidoreduction potential (orp) anaerobiosis, high-orp anaerobiosis, and aerobiosis, with a specific f ...	2015	25954265
synthesis and antibacterial properties of 2,3-dideoxyglucosides of terpene alcohols and phenols.	essential oils and their oxygenated terpene constituents possess potent antimicrobial properties. in the present study, a facile synthetic route to the 2,3-dideoxy 1-o-glucosides of important phenols and terpene alcohols in excellent yields (85-96%) has been delineated. studies on their antimicrobial action against four food-borne pathogens--bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and yersinia enterocolitica--demonstrated that the zone of inhibition, in general, was higher for t ...	2015	25952857
isolation of lactic acid bacteria showing antioxidative and probiotic activities from kimchi and infant feces.	the purpose of this study was to investigate lactic acid bacteria with antioxidative and probiotic activities isolated from korean healthy infant feces and kimchi. isolates a1, a2, s1, s2, and s3 were assigned to lactobacillus sp. and isolates a3, a4, e1, e2, e3, and e4 were assigned to leuconostoc sp. on the basis of their physiological properties and 16s ribosomal dna sequence analysis. most strains were confirmed as safe bioresources through nonhemolytic activities and non-production of harmf ...	2015	25951843
decontamination of mesquite pod flour naturally contaminated with bacillus cereus and formation of furan by ionizing irradiation.	mesquite pod flour produced from nitrogen-fixing trees of the prosopis species has a unique aroma and flavor that is preferred by some consumers. due to the presence of wildlife, grazing domestic animals, and insects, the pods have a high potential of being contaminated with human pathogenic bacteria, such as bacillus cereus. nonthermal processing technologies are helpful to reduce the population of microorganisms in the flour because heating deteriorates the characteristic flavor. a study was c ...	2015	25951390
incidence, antibiotic susceptibility, and toxin profiles of bacillus cereus sensu lato isolated from korean fermented soybean products.	korean fermented soybean products, such as doenjang, kochujang, ssamjang, and cho-kochujang, can harbor foodborne pathogens such as bacillus cereus sensu lato (b. cereus sensu lato). the aim of this study was to characterize the toxin gene profiles, biochemical characteristics, and antibiotic resistance patterns of b. cereus sensu lato strains isolated from korean fermented soybean products. eighty-eight samples of korean fermented soybean products purchased from retails in seoul were tested. th ...	2015	25950845
effect of high hydrostatic pressure combined with moderate heat to inactivate pressure-resistant bacteria in water-boiled salted duck.	the objective of this work was to study the effect of high hydrostatic pressure combined with moderate heat to inactivate pressure-resistant bacteria in water-boiled salted duck meat (wbsdm), and to establish suitable procedures to improve the quality of wbsdm. the conditions (300 mpa/60 °c, 400 mpa/60 °c, and 500 mpa/50 °c) effectively inactivated the pressure-resistant bacteria (bacillus cereus and staphylococcus warneri) in wbsdm. although more pressure-resistant than s. warneri, the above tr ...	2015	25943207
bactericidal mechanism of bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of pinus densiflora against two foodborne pathogens, bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes.	foodborne bacteria are the leading cause of food spoilage and other related diseases. in the present study, the antibacterial activity of bio-oil (bo) manufactured by fast pyrolysis of pinewood sawdust (pinus densiflora siebold and zucc.) against two disease-causing foodborne pathogens (bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes) was evaluated. bo at a concentration of 1000 μg/disc was highly active against both b. cereus (10.0-10.6 mm-inhibition zone) and l. monocytogenes (10.6-12.0-mm inhibiti ...	2015	25928035
effects of ripening duration and rosemary powder addition on salchichon modified sausage quality.	the ripening durations and ingredients for the salchichon sausages were modified to increase pork rear leg consumption by korean consumers. the salchichon, a ripened pork sausage, was produced to evaluate the efficacy of two different ripening durations with and without rosemary powder on salchichon sausage quality, and the treatments were: i) 45 days of ripening without rosemary, ii) 60 days of ripening without rosemary, iii) 45 days of ripening with 0.05% rosemary, and iv) 60 days of ripening ...	2015	25924959
the water cycle, a potential source of the bacterial pathogen bacillus cereus.	the behaviour of the sporulating soil-dwelling bacillus cereus sensu lato (b. cereus sl) which includes foodborne pathogenic strains has been extensively studied in relation to its various animal hosts. the aim of this environmental study was to investigate the water compartments (rain and soil water, as well as groundwater) closely linked to the primary b. cereus sl reservoir, for which available data are limited. b. cereus sl was present, primarily as spores, in all of the tested compartments ...	2015	25918712
correction: capsules, toxins and atxa as virulence factors of emerging bacillus cereus biovar anthracis.	[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003455.].	2015	25902046
production, optimization and characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate, a biodegradable plastic by bacillus spp.	poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (phb) is the intracellular lipid reserve accumulated by many bacteria. the most potent terrestrial bacterium bacillus cereus se-1 showed more phb accumulating cells (22.1 and 40% after 48 and 72 h) than that of the marine bacillus sp. cs-605 (5 and 33% after 48 and 72 h). both the isolates harbored phbb gene and the characteristics c=o peak was observed in the extracted phb by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis. maltose was found to be the most suitable car ...	2015	25900381
challenge study of the pathogen reduction capacity of the theraflex mb-plasma technology.	although most pathogen reduction systems for plasma primarily target viruses, bacterial contamination may also occur. this study aimed to investigate the bacterial reduction capacity of a methylene blue (mb) treatment process and its virus inactivation capacity in lipaemic plasma.	2015	25899343
in vitro antibacterial activities and mechanism of sugar fatty acid esters against five food-related bacteria.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of sugar fatty acid esters, with different fatty acid and saccharide moieties, against five food-related bacteria including bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. sucrose monocaprate showed the strongest antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria, especially gram-positive bacteria. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) for gram-positive bacteria ...	2015	25977039
assessment of the microbial load of some medicinal plants commonly used in romania.	this study aims to assess the microbial load of some medicinal plants (matricaria chamomilla, achillea millefolium, ocimum basilicum, calendula officinalis, tilia cordata, hypericum perforatum) commonly used as medicinal teas.	2015	25970977
isolation of bacillus cereus group from the fecal material of endangered wood turtles.	members of the bacillus cereus group are opportunistic human pathogens. they can be found in a broad range of foods. diarrheal food poisoning and/or emetic type syndromes can result from eating contaminated food. in this study, seven b. cereus group members were isolated from the fecal material of wood turtles (glyptemys insculpta). the isolates were then assessed for the presence of enterotoxin genes (nhea, entfm, hblc, and cytk) using pcr. the most prevalent is the nonhemolytic enterotoxin gen ...	2015	26175111
antibacterial δ(1) -3-ketosteroids from the south china sea gorgonian coral subergorgia rubra.	three new δ(1) -3-ketosteroids characterized with a 9-oh, subergosterones a-c (1-3), together with five known analogs 4-8, were obtained from the gorgonian coral subergorgia rubra collected from the south china sea. the structures of 1-3, including their absolute configurations, were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism (ecd) experiments. compounds 2 and 3 exhibited inhibitory antibacterial activities against bacillus cereus with mic values of 1.56 ...	2015	26172327
evaluation of the effectiveness of a pathogen inactivation technology against clinically relevant transfusion-transmitted bacterial strains.	to increase blood safety, various procedures are currently implemented, including donor selection, optimized donor arm disinfection, and diversion. in addition, pathogen inactivation (pi) techniques can be used for platelets (plts) and plasma concentrates.	2015	26013691
depsipeptide intermediates interrogate proposed biosynthesis of cereulide, the emetic toxin of bacillus cereus.	cereulide and isocereulides a-g are biosynthesized as emetic toxins by bacillus cereus via a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) called ces. although a thiotemplate mechanisms involving cyclo-trimerization of ready-made d-o-leu-d-ala-l-o-val-l-val via a thioesterase (te) domain is proposed for cereulide biosynthesis, the exact mechanism is far from being understood. uplc-tof ms analysis of b. cereus strains in combination with (13)c-labeling experiments now revealed tetra-, octa-, and dodeca ...	2015	26013201
design, synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies of substituted 1, 2, 3, 4- tetrahydro pyrimidine phosphorus derivatives.	molecular docking studies of the designed two series (4a-l, 6a-l, 9 and 10) of novel substituted phosphorylated 1, 4-dihydropyridine and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives against the drug targets of dhfr from bacillus cereus, lpxc from pseudomonas aeruginosa, idh from e. coli and murb from staphylococcus aureus were encouraged for their synthesis. these compounds were synthesized from substituted aromatic aldehydes, thiourea/urea and ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of polyphosphoric ac ...	2015	26004048
antibacterial activity of native california medicinal plant extracts isolated from rhamnus californica and umbellularia californica.	antimicrobial resistance (amr) is a major threat to global public health. medicinal plants have long been used as remedies for infectious diseases by native cultures around the world and have the potential for providing effective treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections. rhamnus californica (rhamnaceae) and umbellularia californica (lauraceae) are two indigenous california plant species historically used by native americans to treat skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. this s ...	2015	26001558
cereulide food toxin, beta cell function and diabetes: facts and hypotheses.	the incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is increasing and although environmental pollutants are believed to be potential culprits, the extent to which they can be held responsible remains uncertain. some bacterial strains of the bacillus cereus produce a toxin, cereulide, which is frequently found in starchy meals and which is difficult to eradicate from the food chain as it is highly resistant to heat, acidity and proteolysis. while cereulide is well known to cause acute emetic toxicit ...	2015	25998918
[identification of hexavalent chromium reducing bacteria cr4-1 and optimization of its reduction conditions].	to identify the hexavalent chromium reduction cr4-1, and to study the better conditions of the bacterial growth and its cr(vi) reduction.	2015	25997219
involvement of the cask/r two-component system in optimal unsaturation of the bacillus cereus fatty acids during low-temperature growth.	bacillus cereus sensu lato is composed of a set of ubiquitous strains including human pathogens that can survive a range of food processing conditions, grow in refrigerated food, and sometimes cause food poisoning. we previously identified the two-component system cask/r that plays a key role in cold adaptation. to better understand the cask/r-controlled mechanisms that support low-temperature adaptation, we performed a transcriptomic analysis on the atcc 14579 strain and its isogenic ∆cask/r mu ...	2015	25987542
plasmids are vectors for redundant chromosomal genes in the bacillus cereus group.	prokaryotic plasmids have played significant roles in the evolution of bacterial genomes and have a great impact on the metabolic functions of the host cell. many bacterial strains contain multiple plasmids, but the relationships between bacterial plasmids and chromosomes are unclear. we focused on plasmids from the bacillus cereus group because most strains contain several plasmids.	2015	25608745
squid pen chitin chitooligomers as food colorants absorbers.	one of the most promising applications of chitosanase is the conversion of chitinous biowaste into bioactive chitooligomers (cos). tku033 chitosanase was induced from squid pen powder (spp)-containing bacillus cereus tku033 medium and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography. the enzyme was relatively more thermostable in the presence of the substrate and had an activity of 93% at 50 °c in a ph 5 buffer solution for 60 min. furthermore, the enzyme used for the cos pre ...	2015	25608726
food-grade antimicrobials potentiate the antibacterial activity of 1,2-hexanediol.	preservative agents determining the shelf life of cosmetic products must have effective antimicrobial activity while meeting safety requirements for topical use. in this study, we determined the antimicrobial activity of 1,2-hexanediol against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. antimicrobial susceptibility tests have shown that 1,2-hexanediol exhibits broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with mics of 0·5-2% (v/v). the bactericidal concentration ...	2015	25631558
analysis of bacillus cereus toxicity using pcr, elisa and a lateral flow device.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of immunodetection methods and pcr analysis of enterotoxigenic bacillus cereus strains.	2015	25627167
spore prevalence and toxigenicity of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis isolates from u.s. retail spices.	recent incidents of foodborne illness associated with spices as the vehicle of transmission prompted this examination of u.s. retail spices with regard to bacillus cereus. this study focused on the levels of aerobic-mesophilic spore-forming bacteria and b cereus spores associated with 247 retail spices purchased from five states in the united states. samples contained a wide range of aerobic-mesophilic bacterial spore counts (< 200 to 8.3 × 10(7) cfu/g), with 19.1% of samples at levels above 10( ...	2015	25719886
thiopeptide antibiotics stimulate biofilm formation in bacillus subtilis.	bacteria have evolved the ability to produce a wide range of structurally complex natural products historically called "secondary" metabolites. although some of these compounds have been identified as bacterial communication cues, more frequently natural products are scrutinized for antibiotic activities that are relevant to human health. however, there has been little regard for how these compounds might otherwise impact the physiology of neighboring microbes present in complex communities. bac ...	2015	25713360
catalytic and thermodynamic properties of glycosylated bacillus cereus cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase.	cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (cgtase) was covalently coupled to five oxidized polysaccharides differing in structure and chemical nature. the conjugates were evaluated for the retained activity, kinetic and thermodynamic stability. the conjugated cgtase with oxidized dextran (mw 47000) had the highest retained specific activity (70.05%) and the highest half-life (t1/2) at 80°c. compared to the native enzyme, the conjugated preparation exhibited higher optimum temperature, lower activation en ...	2015	25709024
mechanical and antibacterial properties of novel high performance chitosan/nanocomposite films.	zinc oxide (zno) nanoparticle was successfully synthesized using hydrothermal method as well as, silver (ag) nanoparticle was direct prepared during chitosan nanocomposites preparation. chitosan films were investigated by recognized the effect of kinds of acids (formic or acetic acid). correspondingly, using of concentrated naoh was checking for facilitating de-casting of the films. utilization of formic acid arisen higher quality films than those films produced using acetic acid as solvent. opt ...	2015	25709016
antibacterial, antifungal and in vitro antileukaemia activity of metal complexes with thiosemicarbazones.	1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone 4-ethyl-thiosemicarbazone (hl) and its copper(ii), vanadium(v) and nickel(ii) complexes: [cu(l)(cl)]·c₂h₅oh·(1), [cu(l)₂]·h₂o (2), [cu(l)(br)]·h₂o·ch₃oh (3), [cu(l)(no₃)]·2c₂h₅oh (4), [vo₂(l)]·2h₂o (5), [ni(l)₂]·h₂o (6), were synthesized and characterized. the ligand has been characterized by elemental analyses, ir, (1) h nmr and (13) c nmr spectroscopy. the tridentate nature of the ligand is evident from the ir spectra. the copper(ii), vanadium(v) and ni ...	2015	25708540
characteristics of enterotoxin distribution, hemolysis, lecithinase, and starch hydrolysis of bacillus cereus isolated from infant formulas and ready-to-eat foods.	bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous environmental microbe implicated as a main cause of food poisoning with various symptoms, depending on the strain type and the isolation source. in this study, the potential virulence factors and biochemical properties of b. cereus isolated from infant formulas and ready-to-eat (rte) foods were analyzed and compared. a total of 347 b. cereus strains were isolated and identified from 687 infant food formulas and rte food samples. all the isolates had one or more en ...	2015	25597976
bacteriophage pbc1 and its endolysin as an antimicrobial agent against bacillus cereus.	bacillus cereus is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for food poisoning and other, nongastrointestinal infections. due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant b. cereus strains, the demand for alternative therapeutic options is increasing. to address these problems, we isolated and characterized a siphoviridae virulent phage, pbc1, and its lytic enzymes. pbc1 showed a very narrow host range, infecting only 1 of 22 b. cereus strains. phylogenetic analysis based on the major capsid prote ...	2015	25595773
finished genome sequence of bacillus cereus strain 03bb87, a clinical isolate with b. anthracis virulence genes.	bacillus cereus strain 03bb87, a blood culture isolate, originated in a 56-year-old male muller operator with a fatal case of pneumonia in 2003. here we present the finished genome sequence of that pathogen, including a 5.46-mb chromosome and two plasmids (209 and 52 kb, respectively).	2015	25593267
antimicrobial potential of cauliflower, broccoli, and okara byproducts against foodborne bacteria.	the antimicrobial potential of cauliflower, broccoli, and okara byproducts was assessed against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, bacillus cereus, and listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b growth behavior was assessed under exposure to 5% vegetable byproducts added to the reference medium, buffered peptone water (0.1% [wt/vol]), at 37°c. although the byproducts were not effective against l. monocytogenes, they were bactericid ...	2015	25587927
slow leakage of ca-dipicolinic acid from individual bacillus spores during initiation of spore germination.	when exposed to nutrient or nonnutrient germinants, individual bacillus spores can return to life through germination followed by outgrowth. laser tweezers, raman spectroscopy, and either differential interference contrast or phase-contrast microscopy were used to analyze the slow dipicolinic acid (dpa) leakage (normally ∼20% of spore dpa) from individual spores that takes place prior to the lag time, tlag, when spores begin rapid release of remaining dpa. major conclusions from this work with b ...	2015	25583976
propidium monoazide combined with real-time pcr for selective detection of viable staphylococcus aureus in milk powder and meat products.	staphylococcus aureus is a spherical, gram-positive, pathogenic bacterium commonly associated with bovine mastitis and clinical infections. it is also recognized as a pathogen that causes outbreaks of food poisoning. the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a rapid and reliable technique that combines propidium monoazide (pma) staining with real-time quantitative (q)pcr to detect and quantify viable cells of staph. aureus in milk powder and meat products. the inclusivity and exclu ...	2015	25582587
morphological and mechanical imaging of bacillus cereus spore formation at the nanoscale.	bacteria from the genus bacillus are able to transform into metabolically dormant states called (endo) spores in response to nutrient deprivation and other harsh conditions. these morphologically distinct spores are fascinating constructs, amongst the most durable cells in nature, and have attracted attention owing to their relevance in food-related illnesses and bioterrorism. observing the course of bacterial spore formation (sporulation) spatially, temporally and mechanically, from the vegetat ...	2015	25581787
antimicrobial activities of three medicinal plants and investigation of flavonoids of tripleurospermum disciforme.	rosa damascena, tripleurospermum disciforme and securigera securidaca were used as disinfectant agents and for treatment of some disease in folk medicine of iran. the antimicrobial effects of different fractions of seeds extract of s. securidaca, petals extract of r. damascena and aerial parts extract of t. disciforme were examined against some gram positive, gram negative and fungi by cup plate diffusion method. the petroleum ether and chloroform fractions of s. securidaca showed antibacterial ...	2015	25561928
improved efficiency and stability of secnidazole - an ideal delivery system.	secnidazole (α,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-1h-imidazole-1-ethanol) is a highly effective drug against a variety of g(+)/g(-) bacteria but with significant side effects because it is being used in very high concentration. in this study, gold nanoparticles (gnps) were selected as a vehicle to deliver secnidazole drug at the specific site with more accuracy which made the drug highly effective at substantially low concentrations. the as-synthesized gnps were capped with human serum albumin (hsa) and subsequ ...	2015	25561882
carvacrol suppresses high pressure high temperature inactivation of bacillus cereus spores.	the inactivation of bacterial spores generally proceeds faster and at lower temperatures when heat treatments are conducted under high pressure, and high pressure high temperature (hpht) processing is, therefore, receiving an increased interest from food processors. however, the mechanisms of spore inactivation by hpht treatment are poorly understood, particularly at moderately elevated temperature. in the current work, we studied inactivation of the spores of bacillus cereus f4430/73 by hpht tr ...	2015	25560915
toxigenic potential and heat survival of spore-forming bacteria isolated from bread and ingredients.	fifty-four spore-forming bacterial strains isolated from bread ingredients and bread, mainly belonging to the genus bacillus (including bacillus cereus), together with 11 reference strains were investigated to evaluate their cytotoxic potential and heat survival in order to ascertain if they could represent a risk for consumer health. therefore, we performed a screening test of cytotoxic activity on ht-29 cells using bacterial culture filtrates after growing bacterial cells in brain heart infusi ...	2015	25555227
enhancement of ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-pl) production by a novel producer bacillus cereus using metabolic precursors and glucose feeding.	epsilon poly-l-lysine (ε-pl) is a homo-biopolymer with approximately 25-30 l-lysine residues. it is a promising natural biopolymer widely used in food and pharmaceutical industry. the present work reports enhanced production of ε-pl with a novel producer bacillus cereus using amino acids and tca cycle intermediates in the fermentation medium. among the various amino acids and tca cycle intermediates tested 2 mm l-aspartic acid and 5 mm citric acid gave ε-pl yield of 145.5 and 230 mg/l, respectiv ...	2015	28324535
spirotetronate antibiotics with anti-clostridium activity from actinomadura sp. 2eps.	the rare actinomycetes strain 2eps was isolated from soil and analysis of cultural, morphological characteristics, diaminopimelic acid content of its cell wall, and 16s rrna gene sequence indicates that 2eps belongs to genus actinomadura. in addition, neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree also confirmed the relationships of this strain to other members of actinomadura. a butanol extract with antibacterial activity was purified by reversed-phase chromatography to obtain three bioactive compounds, de ...	2015	25543910
biosynthesis of hematite nanoparticles and its cytotoxic effect on hepg2 cancer cells.	iron oxide nanoparticles were gaining significant importance in a variety of applications due to its paramagnetic properties and biocompatibility. various chemical methods were employed for hematite nanoparticle synthesis which require special equipment or a complex production process. in this study, protein capped crystalline hexagonal hematite (α-fe2o3) nanoparticles were synthesized by green approach using culture supernatant of a newly isolated bacterium, bacillus cereus svk1 at ambient cond ...	2015	25542166
single cell profiling of surface carbohydrates on bacillus cereus.	cell surface carbohydrates are important to various bacterial activities and functions. it is well known that different types of bacillus display heterogeneity of surface carbohydrate compositions, but detection of their presence, quantitation and estimation of variation at the single cell level have not been previously solved. here, using atomic force microscopy (afm)-based recognition force mapping coupled with lectin probes, the specific carbohydrate distributions of n-acetylglucosamine and m ...	2015	25505137
a common active site of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase from bacillus cereus yb-4 is involved in polymerization and alcoholysis reactions.	polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase from bacillus cereus yb-4 (pharcyb4) catalyzes not only pha polymerization but also alcoholytic cleavage of pha chains. the alcoholysis activity of pharcyb4 is expressed when a hydroxyacyl-coa monomer is absent but an alcohol compound is present. in this study, we performed alanine mutagenesis of the putative catalytic triad (cys(151), asp(306), and his(335)) in the phacyb4 subunit to identify the active site residues for polymerization and alcoholysis activit ...	2015	25503319
microbiome of the placenta in pre-eclampsia supports the role of bacteria in the multifactorial cause of pre-eclampsia.	this study was aimed at detecting, identifying, quantifying and comparing the bacteria present in the placental tissues of women with pre-eclampsia with that of normotensive pregnant women.	2015	25492799
bacillus cereus in personal care products: risk to consumers.	bacillus cereus is ubiquitous in nature and thus occurs naturally in a wide range of raw materials and foodstuffs. b. cereus spores are resistant to desiccation and heat and able to survive dry storage and cooking. vegetative cells produce several toxins which on ingestion in sufficient numbers can cause vomiting and/or diarrhoea depending on the toxins produced. gastrointestinal disease is commonly associated with reheated or inadequately cooked foods. in addition to being a rare cause of sever ...	2015	25482451
reducing activity, glucose metabolism and acid tolerance response of bacillus cereus grown at various ph and oxydo-reduction potential levels.	bacillus cereus is a major foodborne bacterial pathogen able to survive a large number of physical-chemical stresses. b. cereus encounters different ph and redox potential (eh7) levels during its passage through the gastrointestinal tract. analysis of the combined influence of ph and redox stresses on b. cereus f4430/73 physiology found that b. cereus f4430/73 growth at ph 7.0 at 37 °c had strong reducing capacities, with a total change of 315 mv from an initial redox value of +214 ± 17 mv. the ...	2015	25475301
genetic discrimination of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacillus spp. based on three housekeeping genes.	bacillus genus includes foodborne pathogenic and spoilage-associated species, such as bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus. bacillus is also a heterogeneous genus that includes closely related species that are difficult to discriminate among, especially when well-conserved genes such as 16s rrna and 23s rrna are considered. the main goal of the present work was to study the usefulness of three housekeeping genes, the tu elongation factor (tuf), the dna ...	2015	25475298
a case of intoxication due to a highly cytotoxic bacillus cereus strain isolated from cooked chicken.	outbreaks of bacillus cereus infection/intoxication are not commonly reported because symptoms are often mild, and the disease is self-limiting. however, hypervirulent strains increase health risks. we report a case, which occurred in argentina, of severe food poisoning illness on a healthy adult woman associated to b. cereus strain mvl2011. the studied strain was highly cytotoxic, showed high ability to detach caco-2 cells and was positive for the hbla, hblb, and hblc genes of the hbl complex, ...	2015	25475284
novel polycarboxylate porphyrins: synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties and preliminary antimicrobial study against gram-positive bacteria.	we describe the synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of two new polycarboxylic photosensitizers. owing to their structural design, these two compounds show water solubilities larger than natural carboxylic photosensitizers (e.g., protoporphyrin ix, hematoporphyrin, etc.) and also good singlet oxygen quantum yields. these compounds were tested as photo-antimicrobial agents against staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus strains. results reveal that their photocytotoxicities ...	2015	25475206
development of intestinal microflora and occurrence of diarrhoea in sucking foals: effects of bacillus cereus var. toyoi supplementation.	almost all foals develop transient diarrhoea within the first weeks of life. studies indicated different viral, bacterial, and parasitic causes, such as rotavirus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, and cryptosporidium are discussed. but little is known about the development of intestinal microflora in foals. the present study investigated whether the supplementation with bacillus cereus var. toyoi would modify the developing intestinal microflora and consequently reduce diarrhoea in foa ...	2015	25889817
relapsing bacillus cereus peritonitis in a patient treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.	peritonitis is a severe complication of peritoneal dialysis (pd) due to associated morbidity and mortality. although bacillus cereus is mostly considered as a contaminant, its role as a causative agent in a few cases of pd peritonitis has been documented. peritonitis due to b. cereus has been associated with high rates of catheter removal and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.	2014	28663812
evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic activity of mono-pegylated stap3 (solanum tuberosum aspartic protease 3) forms.	stap3 is a plant aspartic protease with cytotoxic activity toward a broad spectrum of pathogens, including potato and human pathogen microorganisms, and cancer cells, but not against human t cells, human red blood cells or plant cells. for this reason, stap3 could be a promising and potential drug candidate for future therapies. in this work, the improvement of the performance of stap3 was achieved by means of a modification with peg. the separation of a mono-pegylated stap3 fraction was easily ...	2014	28626641
detection of toxigenic bacillus cereus strains isolated from vegetables in mexico city.	bacillus cereus can cause diarrhea and emetic syndromes after ingestion of food contaminated with it. this ability is due to the production of enterotoxins by this microorganism, these being the hemolysin bl complex, which is involved in the diarrheal syndrome, and cereulide, which is responsible for the emetic syndrome. the detection of genes associated with the production of these toxins can predict the virulence of strains isolated from contaminated food. in this paper, we analyzed 100 sample ...	2014	25474064
surfactins in natto: the surfactin production capacity of the starter strains and the actual surfactin contents in the products.	surfactin-type lipopeptides are suspected of being implicated in the rare food poisonings caused by bacillus species outside the bacillus cereus cluster. in order to get information on surfactin levels in actual human foods, bacilli from three commercial samples of a japanese traditional bean product, natto, were isolated in order to clarify their potential to produce the suspect lipopeptides. the isolated bacilli were characterized as bacillus subtilis. they were β-hemolytic and gave a positive ...	2014	25474063
microbiological quality of seasoned roasted laver and potential hazard control in a real processing line.	microbiological quality of laver, one of the edible seaweeds, has not been reported in a real processing line. laver or supplements were collected from six manufacturers (a to f) to assess potential microbiological hazards and the critical control points in commercial processing lines. aerobic plate counts (apc), coliform counts, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus were enumerated, and the presence of b. cereus, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, s. aureus, and v ...	2014	25474052
effect of white mustard essential oil on the growth of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms and the effect of food components on its efficacy.	antimicrobial preservative compounds are added to foods to target specific pathogens and spoilage organisms. white mustard essential oil (wmeo) is an extract that contains 4-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate, a compound which has been demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity in limited studies. the objective of this research was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of wmeo against gram-positive and gram-negative spoilage and pathogenic bacteria and determine the effect of food componen ...	2014	25474051
modeling of bacillus cereus growth in brown rice submitted to a combination of ultrasonication and slightly acidic electrolyzed water treatment.	the combined effects of ultrasonication and slight acidic electrolyzed water were investigated to improve the microbial safety of brown rice against bacillus cereus infection and to evaluate the growth kinetics of these bacteria during storage of untreated and treated rice at various temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°c). the results indicate that this combination treatment was bactericidal against b. cereus, resulting in an approximately 3.29-log reduction. although b. cereus can be ef ...	2014	25474049
activity against microorganisms affecting cellulosic objects of the volatile constituents of leonotis nepetaefolia from nicaragua.	the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of l. nepetaefolia (l.) r. br. collected in nicaragua was evaluated by gc and gc-ms. the main components were (z)-phytol (22.8%), caryophyllene oxide (18.9%) and hexahydrofarnesylacetone (9.0%). the antibacterial activity against several gram + and gram - bacteria, including bacillus cereus and b. subtilis, both infesting historical cellulosic material, was also determined. b. cereus, b. subtilis and staphylococcus epidermis were th ...	2014	25532300
correction: genomic comparison of 93 bacillus phages reveals 12 clusters, 14 singletons and remarkable diversity.	the bacillus genus of firmicutes bacteria is ubiquitous in nature and includes one of the best characterized model organisms, b. subtilis, as well as medically significant human pathogens, the most notorious being b. anthracis and b. cereus. as the most abundant living entities on the planet, bacteriophages are known to heavily influence the ecology and evolution of their hosts, including providing virulence factors. thus, the identification and analysis of bacillus phages is critical to underst ...	2014	25547158
stem bark extract and fraction of persea americana (mill.) exhibits bactericidal activities against strains of bacillus cereus associated with food poisoning.	the study investigates the in vitro antibacterial potentials of stem bark extracts of persea americana on strains of bacillus cereus implicated in food poisoning. the crude stem bark extracts and butanolic fraction at a concentration of 25 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml, respectively, exhibited antibacterial activities against test isolates. the zones of inhibition exhibited by the crude extract and the fraction ranged between 10 mm and 26 mm, while the minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged between ...	2014	25558854
characterization of a nanoscale s-layer protein based template for biomolecular patterning.	well organized template for biomolecular conjugation is the foundation for biosensing. most of the current devices are fabricated using lithographic patterning processes and self-assembly monolayer (sam) methods. however, the research toward developing a sub-10 nm patterned, self-regenerated template on various types of substrates is limited, mainly due to the limited functional groups of the building material. bacterial surface layer proteins (s-layer proteins) can self-assemble into ordered la ...	2014	25570568
hemorrhagic bullous lesions due to bacillus cereus in a cirrhotic patient.		2014	25566578
introducing urtica dioica, a native plant of khuzestan, as an antibacterial medicinal plant.	urtica dioica is a flowering plant with long history of use in folk medicine and as a food source.	2014	25625045
phenolic acids profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle (asteraceae).	chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle ethanolic extracts were chemically analysed with respect to phenolics. twelve phenolic acids were separated and identified by hplc-dad and the presence of rosmarinic acid was additionally confirmed by lc-ms. five methods were applied for the evaluation of extracts' antioxidant properties (frap, dpph, abts, chelating activity, briggs-rauscher reaction), while the antibacterial activity was tested against some of the major food-borne pathogens (campylobacter ...	2014	25632475
quantitative and qualitative evaluation of bio-aerosols in surgery rooms and emergency department of an educational hospital.	bio-aerosols are a potential hazard in hospitals and are mostly produced by hospital staff, patients and visitors. bio-aerosols are solid or liquid particles pending in the air and they consist of aerosols accompanying micro-organisms or organic compounds of micro-organisms such as endotoxin, metabolite, toxin and other parts of organism. those are a potential hazard in hospitals and are mostly produced by hospital staff, patients and visitors.	2014	25632321
an outbreak of gastroenteritis linked to a buffet lunch served at a canberra restaurant.	in 2013, an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness occurred following a buffet lunch at a restaurant in canberra. an investigation was conducted to identify the cause of illness and to implement appropriate public health measures to prevent further disease. we conducted a retrospective cohort study via telephone interviews, using a structured questionnaire developed from the restaurant buffet menu. a case was defined as someone who ate the buffet lunch at the restaurant on the implicated date and ...	2014	25631587
[detection of toxigenic genes nhea, nheb and nhec in bacillus cereus strains isolated from powdered milk samples in costa rica].	powdered milk is a frequently consumed product that does not need to be kept under cold conditions. nevertheless, different microorganisms may contaminate it. powdered milk is a highly consumed product by costa rican population, and bacillus cereus is a potentially pathogenic bacteria associated to it, with the ability to develop toxins depending on the presence of the respective codifying genes. the aim of this study was to determine the presence of the toxigenic genes nhea, nheb and nhec from ...	2014	26137795
[screening of homoacetogen mixed culture converting h2/co2 to acetate].	homoacetogens are a group of microorganisms with application potential to produce chemicals and biofuels by the bioconversion of synthesis gas. in this study, we collected waste activated sludge samples to screen homoacetogens by hungate anaerobic technique, and studied the effect of ph on acetate and alcohol production from h2/co2 gas. the mixed culture contained clostridium ljungdahlii, lysinibacillus fusiformis and bacillus cereus. acetate concentration achieved 31.69 mmol/l when the initial ...	2014	26016379
antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities from jatropha dioica roots.	the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of organic extracts obtained from roots of the medicinal plant jatropha dioica (euphorbiaceae) were investigated. in order to evaluate their antimicrobial activity, the organic extracts were tested against clinical isolates of the human pathogens bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, salmonella typhimurium, cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, candida parapsilosis ...	2014	26031013
[specific bacterial diversity in bats of different food guilds in southern sierra oaxaca, mexico].	specific bacterial diversity in bats of different food guilds in southern sierra oaxaca, mexico. bats have different ecologic roles in variable ecosystems that have been already described. they have been linked to several zoonoses, however little is known about the relationship between bat microbiota and their diet, and studies on the bacterial ecology of the microbiota in bats are limited. to contribute with the description of this important interaction between microbiota and host, the aim of t ...	2014	25720196
virulence plasmids of spore-forming bacteria.	plasmid-encoded virulence factors are important in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by spore-forming bacteria. unlike many other bacteria, the most common virulence factors encoded by plasmids in clostridium and bacillus species are protein toxins. clostridium perfringens causes several histotoxic and enterotoxin diseases in both humans and animals and produces a broad range of toxins, including many pore-forming toxins such as c. perfringens enterotoxin, epsilon-toxin, beta-toxin, and netb. ...	2014	26104459
safety, efficacy and utility of methods of transferring adhesive and cohesive escherichia coli cells to microplates to avoid aerosols.	the virtual colony count (vcc) microbiological assay has been utilized for over a decade to measure the antimicrobial activity of peptides such as defensins and ll-37 against biosafety level (bsl)-1 and bsl-2 bacteria including escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and enterobacter aerogenes. in addition, a modified pipetting technique was presented in a 2011 study of defensin activity against the bsl-3 pathogen bacillus anthracis. both studies were published in the journal ...	2014	25671086
antimicrobial activity of ammodaucus leucotrichus fruit oil from algerian sahara.	three fruit oil samples of ammodaucus leucotrichus cosson & durieu from algerian sahara were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc(ri), gc-ms and 13c nmr spectroscopy. the main compounds were perillaldehyde (87.0-87.9%) and limonene (7.4-8.2%). the antimicrobial effect of the essential oil was evaluated against bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. high antibacterial activity was observed against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus. enterobacter cloaceae, bacillus cereus and sal ...	2014	25026729
a new chemically defined medium for the growth and sporulation of bacillus cereus strains in anaerobiosis.	a new chemically defined liquid medium, mods, was developed for the aerobic growth and anaerobic growth and sporulation of bacillus cereus strains. the comparison of sporulation capacity of 18 strains of b. cereus has shown effective growth and spore production in anaerobiosis..	2014	25019521
bacillus cereus panophthalmitis associated with injection drug use.	we report a case of rapidly progressive vision loss in a young woman with a history of injection drug use. subsequent enucleation of the affected eye was done and bacillus cereus grew on tissue culture. b. cereus is a rare cause of endogenous endophthalmitis due to hematogenous seeding of the vitreous in the setting of injection drug use.	2014	25016038
direct evidence of iron uptake by the gram-positive siderophore-shuttle mechanism without iron reduction.	iron is an essential element for all organisms, and microorganisms produce small molecule iron-chelators, siderophores, to efficiently acquire fe(iii). gram-positive bacteria possess lipoprotein siderophore-binding proteins (sbps) on the membrane. some of the sbps bind both apo-siderophores (iron-free) and fe-siderophore (iron-chelated) and only import fe-siderophores. when the sbp initially binds an apo-siderophore, the sbp uses the gram-positive siderophore-shuttle mechanism (the sbps exchange ...	2014	25007174
statistical optimization of fibrinolytic enzyme production using agroresidues by bacillus cereus ind1 and its thrombolytic activity in vitro.	a potent fibrinolytic enzyme-producing bacillus cereus ind1 was isolated from the indian food, rice. solid-state fermentation was carried out using agroresidues for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme. among the substrates, wheat bran supported more enzyme production and has been used for the optimized enzyme production by statistical approach. two-level full-factorial design demonstrated that moisture, supplementation of beef extract, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate have significantly influen ...	2014	25003130
behavior of transition state regulator abrb in batch cultures of bacillus thuringiensis.	the transition state regulator abrb is involved in the regulation of various cellular functions such as exponential growth, transition state and sporulation onset, due to its ability to activate, suppress or prevent the inappropriate expression of various genes in bacillus subtilis. in order to understand combined behavior in batch cultures of abrb in bacillus thuringiensis, we cloned and expressed the abrb gene of b. thuringiensis in escherichia coli. the deduced sequence of abrb gene coded for ...	2014	25002359
unsaturated fatty acid, cis-2-decenoic acid, in combination with disinfectants or antibiotics removes pre-established biofilms formed by food-related bacteria.	biofilm formation by food-related bacteria and food-related pathogenesis are significant problems in the food industry. even though much disinfection and mechanical procedure exist for removal of biofilms, they may fail to eliminate pre-established biofilms. cis-2 decenoic acid (cda), an unsaturated fatty acid messenger produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa, is reportedly capable of inducing the dispersion of established biofilms by multiple types of microorganisms. however, whether cda has potenti ...	2014	25000301
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using lingonberry and cranberry juices and their antimicrobial activity.	in this study lingonberry and cranberry juices were used for silver nanoparticle synthesis. the berry juices were characterized by total phenolics, total anthocyanins and benzoic acid content, respectively 1.9-2.7mg/ml, 55.2-83.4mg/l and 590.8-889.2mg/l. the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed at room temperature assisting in solutions irradiated by ultraviolet for 30min. ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) spectroscopy and microscopy confirmed the formation of nanoparticles as well as the ...	2014	24988412
crystalliferous bacillus cereus group bacteria from a maryland hardwood forest are dominated by psychrotolerant strains.	crystal-forming bacteria of the bacillus cereus group were isolated from soil samples collected at different elevations within a mixed hardwood forest in central maryland, and their phylogenetic relationships determined by multilocus sequence analysis. the vast majority of isolates obtained were associated with two phylogenetic groups known to be psychrotolerant, with very few isolates representing phylogenetic groups more typically associated with bacillus thuringiensis. isolates from the psych ...	2014	24985699
characterization of wastewater effluents releasing from slaughterhouses in and around hyderabad city (india).	the present study was undertaken to determine the pollution load to the environment causing by the wastewater effluents releasing from organized and unorganized slaughterhouses in and around hyderabad city. the wastewater effluents collected from three slaughterhouses, at the sites of releasing out to the surrounding environment,were characterized in terms of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters. the physico-chemical parameters, such as temperature, ph, alkalinity, turbidity, total su ...	2014	26563081
a metallo-β-lactamase is responsible for the degradation of ceftiofur by the bovine intestinal bacterium bacillus cereus p41.	ceftiofur is a highly effective veterinary cephalosporin, yet it is rapidly degraded by bacteria in the gut. the goal of this work was to directly determine the mechanism of ceftiofur degradation by the bovine intestinal isolate bacillus cereus p41. b. cereus p41 was isolated from the feces of a cow that had not been treated with cephalosporins, and was found to rapidly degrade ceftiofur in culture. analysis of spent culture media by hplc/uv and hplc/ms revealed one major metabolite of ceftiofur ...	2014	24972871
screening of marine bacteria with bacteriocin-like activities and probiotic potential for ornate spiny lobster (panulirus ornatus) juveniles.	bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, which have been found in diverse bacterial species of terrestrial origins and some from the sea. new bacteriocins with new characteristics, new origins and new applications are likely still awaiting discovery. the present study screened bacteria isolated from marine animals of interest to the aquaculture industry for antimicrobial and bacteriocin-like activities in order to uncover biodiversity of bacteriocin producers, and explore ...	2014	24969424
[occurrence of bacillus cereus in infants and young children foods in 8 provinces in china].	to investigate the contamination status of infants and young children foods by bacillus cereus.	2014	24964624
antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties of wines and winery byproducts in relation to their flavonoid content.	grapes produce organic compounds that may be involved in the defense of the plants against invading phytopathogens. these metabolites include numerous phenolic compounds that are also active against human pathogens. grapes are used to produce a variety of wines, grape juices, and raisins. grape pomace, seeds, and skins, the remains of the grapes that are a byproduct of winemaking, also contain numerous bioactive compounds that differ from those found in grapes and wines. this overview surveys an ...	2014	24945318
expression patterns of chitinase and chitosanase produced from bacillus cereus in suppression of phytopathogen.	bacillus cereus mp-310 was incubated on various culture media substrates as lb, colloidal chitin, chitosan powder, and chitosan beads to investigate the concurrent expression patterns of chitinase and chitosanase isozymes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). chitinase activity increased rapidly with a maximum level after 6 days of incubation in cm-chitin medium. major bands of chitinase isozymes were strongly expressed on sds-page in lb medium (four bands) and ...	2014	24942773
synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and structure-activity relationships of gypsogenin derivatives against human cancer cells.	a series of gypsogenin (1) derivatives (1a-i) was synthesized in good yields, and the derivatives' structures were established using uv, ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, and lcms spectroscopic data. among the tested compounds, 1a, 1b, 1d, 1e, and gypsogenin (1) showed antimicrobial activities against bacillus subtilis and bacillus thrungiensis, with inhibition zones of 10-14 mm. in addition, compounds 1b, 1d, and 1e showed antimicrobial activities against bacillus cereus, with inhibition zones of 9-14 m ...	2014	24941130
comparison of procedures for the extraction of supernatants and cytotoxicity tests in vero cells, applied to assess the toxigenic potential of bacillus spp. and lactobacillus spp., intended for use as probiotic strains.	interest in using bacillus strains as probiotic components of animal feeds has grown in recent years. however, some of these strains, especially those taxonomically related to the bacillus cereus group, may have enterotoxigenic activity. assessment of their toxigenic potential by well-established and robust protocols is required before authorizing their use in animal nutrition. three methods of extraction and concentration of supernatants of bacillus and lactobacillus strains (methanol extractio ...	2014	24938520