Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| strain-dependent disruption of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier by streptoccocus suis in vitro. | streptococcus suis capsular type 2 is an important agent of diseases including meningitis among pigs worldwide, and is also a zoonotic agent. the barrier function of the choroid plexus epithelium that constitutes the structural basis for the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (csf) barrier has not been elucidated yet in bacterial meningitis. we investigated the influence of various s. suis isolates on the barrier function of cultured porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells with respect to the transepithe ... | 2005 | 15780575 |
| fluid- or surface-phase human salivary scavenger protein gp340 exposes different bacterial recognition properties. | salivary scavenger receptor cysteine-rich protein gp340 aggregates streptococci and other bacteria as part of the host innate defense system at mucosal surfaces. in this article, we have investigated the properties of fluid-phase gp340 and hydroxylapatite surface-adsorbed gp340 in aggregation and adherence, respectively, of viridans group streptococci (e.g., streptococcus gordonii and streptococcus mutans), non-viridans group streptococci (e.g., streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus suis), an ... | 2005 | 15784568 |
| biochemical analysis, cpn60 and 16s rdna sequence data indicate that streptococcus suis serotypes 32 and 34, isolated from pigs, are streptococcus orisratti. | streptococcus suis serotypes have traditionally been identified by morphology, biochemical profiling and serotyping. analysis of the sequences of 16s rrna and cpn60 genes of the 35 characterized serotypes of s. suis led to the observation that two serotypes 32 and 34, are significantly distinct from other s. suis serotypes and may represent a distinct species. here we present dna sequence data and biochemical profiles which indicate that s. suis serotypes 32 and 34, isolated from pigs, are clust ... | 2005 | 15795078 |
| identification of the gene encoding a 38-kilodalton immunogenic and protective antigen of streptococcus suis. | in our continued effort to search for a streptococcus suis protein(s) that can serve as a vaccine candidate or a diagnostic reagent, we constructed and screened a gene library with a polyclonal antibody raised against the whole-cell protein of s. suis type 2. a clone that reacted with the antibody was identified and characterized. analysis revealed that the gene encoding the protein is localized within a 2.0-kbp ecori dna fragment. the nucleotide sequence contained an open reading frame that enc ... | 2005 | 15817754 |
| generation of transposon insertion mutant libraries for gram-positive bacteria by electroporation of phage mu dna transposition complexes. | transposon mutagenesis is a powerful technique for generating collections of insertion mutants for genetic studies. this paper describes how phage mu dna transposition complexes, transpososomes, can be exploited for gene delivery to efficiently introduce selectable markers to genomes of gram-positive bacteria. mu transpososomes were assembled in vitro with custom-designed mini-mu transposons, concentrated, and electroporated into cells of three gram-positive bacterial species: staphylococcus aur ... | 2005 | 15817788 |
| the concentration of apolipoprotein a-i decreases during experimentally induced acute-phase processes in pigs. | in this work, apolipoprotein a-i (apoa-i) was purified from pig sera. the responses of this protein after sterile inflammation and in animals infected with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae or streptococcus suis were investigated. decreases in the concentrations of apoa-i, two to five times lower than the initial values, were observed at 2 to 4 days. it is concluded that apoa-i is a negative acute-phase protein in pigs. | 2005 | 15845530 |
| [symposium "emerging zoonoses." dutch association for veterinary epidemiology and economy (veec)]. | 2005 | 15871390 | |
| serotyping and evaluation of the virulence in mice of streptococcus suis strains isolated from diseased pigs. | a total of 110 strains of streptococcus suis, isolated from diseased pigs in brazil were serotyped and analyzed for virulence. serotyping of the strains resulted in the following classification: 42 strains of serotype 2 (38.2%), 10 strains of serotype 14 (9.1%), seven strains of serotype 9 (6.4%), three strains each of serotype 7 and 11 (2.7%), two strains each of serotype 1 and 8 (1.8%) and one strain each of serotypes 1/2, 3, 5, 6 and 10 (0.9%). cross reactions among serotypes 1, 14 and 7 were ... | 2005 | 15880226 |
| first case report of streptococcus suis septicaemia and meningitis from greece. | 2005 | 15885057 | |
| the negative acute phase response of serum transthyretin following streptococcus suis infection in the pig. | transthyretin (ttr) is a serum protein which is a negative acute phase reactant in humans and levels of ttr are routinely measured as an indicator of health status. such tests have yet to be established for the pig. in order to measure serum ttr in the pig during an acute phase response an assay was developed using anti-human ttr antibodies which cross reacted with porcine ttr. the assay had a detection limit of 32 microg/ml while the mean concentration of transthyretin measured in healthy pig s ... | 2005 | 15955288 |
| prevalence of the suilysin gene in streptococcus suis strains isolated from diseased and healthy carrier pigs. | knowledge of virulence factors of streptococcus suis is limited. several virulence factor candidates have been proposed, among them suilysin, which is responsible for a toxic effect on epithelial cells. the aim of this study was to detect the suilysin gene sequence in streptococcus suis strains of various origin. in total 63 streptococcus suis isolates were investigated. forty four of them originated from tissues of streptococcosis affected animals. the remaining 19 strains were isolated from to ... | 2005 | 15989134 |
| pulmonary infections in swine induce altered porcine surfactant protein d expression and localization to dendritic cells in bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue. | surfactant protein d (sp-d) is a pattern-recognition molecule of the innate immune system that recognizes various microbial surface-specific carbohydrate and lipid patterns. in vitro data has suggested that this binding may lead to increased microbial association with macrophages and dendritic cells. the aim of the present in vivo study was to study the expression of porcine sp-d (psp-d) in the lung during different pulmonary bacterial infections, and the effect of the routes of infection on thi ... | 2005 | 16011521 |
| cloning, purification, and enzymatic properties of dipeptidyl peptidase iv from the swine pathogen streptococcus suis. | in this study, the dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dpp iv) of the swine pathogen streptococcus suis was cloned, overexpressed in escherichia coli, and characterized. the coding region comprises 2,268 nucleotides containing an open reading frame that codes for a 755-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 85 kda. the amino acid sequence contained the sequence gly-x-ser-x-x-gly, which is a consensus motif flanking the active-site serine shared by serine proteases. the recombinant dpp iv sh ... | 2005 | 15629953 |
| different foreign genes incidentally integrated into the same locus of the streptococcus suis genome. | some strains of streptococcus suis possess a type ii restriction-modification (rm) system, whose genes are thought to be inserted into the genome between purh and purd from a foreign source by illegitimate recombination. in this study, we characterized the purhd locus of the s. suis genomes of 28 serotype reference strains by dna sequencing. four strains contained the rm genes in the locus, as described before, whereas 11 strains possessed other genetic regions of seven classes. the genetic regi ... | 2005 | 15659665 |
| detection of extracellular factor-positive streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains in tonsillar swabs of live sows by pcr. | in this study, the sensitivity (se) and specificity (sp) of a pcr for the detection of ef-positive streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains in tonsillar swabs of live sows were assessed. we sampled 471 sows originating from four farrow-to-finish farms by tonsillar swabbing and collected their tonsils after slaughter. on these specimens, a pcr, a bacterial examination (be) or both were performed for the detection of ef-positive s. suis serotype 2 strains. swab-pcr, tonsil-pcr and tonsil-be were rega ... | 2005 | 16029935 |
| streptococcus suis meningitis with ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection and spondylodiscitis. | streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen which causes meningitis, bacteremia, and endocarditis in pigs. human infection is rare and often presents as meningitis with the sequela of permanent deafness and endocarditis. previous cases were reported from pig-rearing countries such as holland and hong kong. we report a 55-year-old bedridden man with s. suis meningitis complicated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection and lumbar spine spondylodiscitis. he presented with fever, delirium, neck sti ... | 2005 | 16607454 |
| [streptococcus suis infection--clinical manifestations]. | streptococcus suis is a bacterium causing a disease in pigs and rarely in humans. this zoonosis is mostly found as a sporadic disease in individuals that were in contact with the affected or infected pigs: farmers, veterinarians and workers engaged in fresh pork processing. it is assumed that the bacterium enters the body through a cut abrasion in the skin. initially, the condition resembles a flu, followed by signs of bacteriemia and sepsis. the most frequent clinical manifestation of streptoco ... | 2005 | 16526227 |
| [determination of fibronectin-binding region of fbps of streptococcus suis type 2]. | fusion expression plasmid pfbps, pfbps (7 - 82), pfbps (7 - 165) and pfbps3 (87 - 320) of streptococcus suis type strain ha9801 were generated by cloning different fragments of fbps amplified from pmd-t-fbps by pcr into plasmid pet-32a(+). it has been confirmed that the recombinant proteins, fbps, fbps(87 -320), and fbps(7 - 167), which are expressed by recombinant plasmid pfbps, pfbps(87 - 320) and pfbps(7 - 165), respectively, bound human fibronectin by ligand affinity western blot assay. the ... | 2005 | 16342770 |
| [highly virulent streptococcus suis infection and problems involved in the disease prevention and control in china]. | 2005 | 16471204 | |
| [anlysis on features of dead cases with human streptococcus suis infections]. | to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of dead cases with human streptococcus suis infections, and to find the target population for preventing death and the related indicators. | 2005 | 16471205 |
| [matched case-control study for risk factors of human streptococcus suis infection in sichuan province, china]. | to study the potential risk factors of human infecting with streptococcus suis. | 2005 | 16471206 |
| [detection of virulence-associated factors of streptococcus suis by multiplex pcr assay]. | to rapidly and sensitively detect the four virulence-associated factors of streptococcus suis, a multiplex pcr was developed. | 2005 | 16471207 |
| [human infection due to streptococcus suis]. | 2005 | 16471208 | |
| [acute meningitis caused by streptococcus suis: review of a case in a splenectomized patient]. | 2005 | 16411313 | |
| putative mannose-specific phosphotransferase system component iid represses expression of suilysin in serotype 2 streptococcus suis. | in this study, we generated a genomic mutant library from a north american strain of serotype 2 streptococcus suis using the pgh9:iss1 transposition vector. suilysin is the hemolysin made by s. suis. a hyper-hemolytic mutant was identified by screening for hemolytic phenotype using media with human blood. the hyper-hemolytic phenotype was characterised by a quantitative hemolysis microplate method. the use of green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a reporter also showed that suilysin gene expression ... | 2004 | 15708813 |
| bacterial meningitis in hong kong: 10-years' experience. | we studied the etiology, clinical features and outcome of patients with bacterial meningitis from an urban chinese city over a 10-years period. | 2004 | 16023529 |
| streptococcus suis meningitis in thailand. | streptococcus suis may be the second most common cause of adult streptococcal meningitis. the clinical and epidemiological data of s. suis meningitis are occasionally reviewed. to date, there have been only two large case series from hong kong and the netherlands. we describe twelve cases of s. suis meningitis who were admitted to chulalongkorn university hospital, bangkok, during a 6-year period between 1997 and 2002. a comparative review of case reports of s. suis meningitis in thailand, hong ... | 2004 | 15916083 |
| acquisition of host plasmin activity by the swine pathogen streptococcus suis serotype 2. | in this study, the plasminogen-binding activity of streptococcus suis serotype 2 was investigated. bound human plasminogen was activated by purified streptokinase, urokinase, or streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis culture supernatant. both human and porcine plasminogen were bound by s. suis. binding was inhibited by epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and the plasminogen receptor was heat and sodium dodecyl sulfate resistant. one of the receptors was identified as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate deh ... | 2004 | 14688145 |
| investigation of a novel dnase of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | a secreted nuclease, ssna, was identified in the virulent streptococcus suis isolate sx332 and subsequently in each of the type strains of capsular serotypes 1 through 9. screening of 258 porcine clinical isolates from surface (nasal mucosa or palatine tonsil) or internal (joint, brain or other internal organ) locations revealed a significant relationship (p < 0.001) between expression of nuclease and isolation from an internal site. a 3,126-bp gene, ssna, was identified from a phenotypically nu ... | 2004 | 14742520 |
| expression of green fluorescent protein and its application in pathogenesis studies of serotype 2 streptococcus suis. | we investigated the interaction between type 2 streptococcus suis and swine phagocytes during infection of the natural host, by using green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a specific marker to observe the challenge organism. we compared the strength of the s. suis sly promoter (sp332) and the synthetic promoter (cp25) in driving gfp expression. two gfp alleles, gfpp11 and gfpmut3*, were also compared. the two promoters and two alleles were efficiently compared using three different promoter-gfp gen ... | 2004 | 14967232 |
| invasion of porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells by streptococcus suis serotype 2. | streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen that mainly causes meningitis and occasionally causes other infections, such as endocarditis, arthritis, and pneumonia. the pathogenesis of s. suis infection has not been completely defined. however, in order to cause meningitis, s. suis has to cross the blood-brain barrier (bbb) made up of brain microvascular endothelial cells. the objective of this work was to study the interactions of s. suis serotype 2 with porcine brain microvascular endothe ... | 2004 | 14977949 |
| linkage of interactions in sickle hemoglobin fiber assembly: inhibitory effect emanating from mutations in the ab region of the alpha-chain is annulled by a mutation at its ef corner. | the ab and gh regions of the alpha-chain are located in spatial proximity and contain a cluster of intermolecular contact residues of the sickle hemoglobin (hbs) fiber. we have examined the role of dynamics of ab/gh region on hbs polymerization through simultaneous replacement of non-contact ala(19) and ala(21) of the ab corner with more flexible gly or rigid alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (aib) residues. the polymerization behavior of hbs with aib substitutions was similar to the native hbs. in con ... | 2004 | 14982923 |
| crystal structure of streptococcus suis dps-like peroxide resistance protein dpr: implications for iron incorporation. | the dps-like peroxide resistance protein (dpr) is an aerotolerance and hydrogen peroxide resistance agent found in the meningitis-associated pathogen streptococcus suis. dpr is believed to act by binding free intracellular iron to prevent fenton chemistry-catalysed formation of toxic hydroxyl radicals. the crystal structure of dpr has been determined to 1.95 a resolution. the final model has an rcyst value of 18.5% (rfree = 22.4%) and consists of 12 identical monomers (each of them comprising a ... | 2004 | 15081812 |
| porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells induce streptococcus suis bacteriostasis in vitro. | the involvement of the choroid plexus in host defense during bacterial meningitis is unclear. aiming to elucidate possible antibacterial mechanisms, we stimulated primary porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells (pcpec) with proinflammatory cytokines and challenged them with various streptococcus suis strains. in the supernatant of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-stimulated pcpec, streptococcal growth was markedly suppressed. costimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha enhanced this bacteriostati ... | 2004 | 15102828 |
| identification and characterisation of hyaluronate lyase from streptococcus suis. | hyaluronate lyase, which catalyses the degradation of hyaluronic acid (ha), has been described from several pathogenic streptococcal species. we describe, for the first time, identification and purification of hyaluronate lyase from the zoonotic pig pathogen streptococcus suis. we have cloned the hyaluronate lyase gene from s. suis and used it to generate an allelic replacement knock-out mutant of s. suis serotype 7 that can no longer biosynthesise the enzyme. interestingly, a limited strain sur ... | 2004 | 15120159 |
| efficacy of vaccines against bacterial diseases in swine: what can we expect? | this paper discusses what can be expected with regard to efficacy of antibacterial vaccines used in swine, based on the present knowledge of pathogen-host interactions. first, vaccination against bacteria that mainly cause disease by production of exotoxins is considered. vaccines containing the inactivated toxin or a non-toxic but antigenic recombinant protein derived from the exotoxin can be expected to provide protection against disease. the degree of protection induced by such vaccines varie ... | 2004 | 15145504 |
| distribution of serotypes of streptococcus suis isolated from diseased pigs in spain. | 2004 | 15198317 | |
| distribution, genetic diversity, and variable expression of the gene encoding hyaluronate lyase within the streptococcus suis population. | although streptococcus suis is an economically important pathogen of pigs and an occasional cause of zoonotic infections of humans knowledge of crucial virulence factors, and as a consequence targets for therapeutic or prophylactic intervention, remains limited. here we describe a detailed study of the distribution, diversity, and in vitro expression of hyaluronate lyase, a protein implicated as a virulence factor of many mucosal pathogens. the gene encoding hyaluronate lyase, hyl, was present i ... | 2004 | 15231806 |
| multiplex pcr assay for detection of streptococcus suis species and serotypes 2 and 1/2 in tonsils of live and dead pigs. | a pcr assay was developed for the detection of streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 1/2. this multiplex pcr is based on the amplification of the gene coding for 16s rrna of s. suis and on the amplification of the cps2j gene coding for the capsule of s. suis serotypes 2 and 1/2. an internal control was constructed and added in this test to monitor the efficiency of amplification in each reaction. to evaluate the specificity of the test, 31 strains of other bacterial species related to s. suis or is ... | 2004 | 15243078 |
| non-encapsulated strains reveal novel insights in invasion and survival of streptococcus suis in epithelial cells. | streptococcus suis is a porcine and human pathogen causing invasive diseases, such as meningitis or septicaemia. host cell interactions of s. suis have been studied mainly with serotype 2 strains, but multiple capsular serotypes as well as non-typeable strains exist with diverse virulence features. at present, s. suis is considered an extracellular pathogen. however, whether or not it can also invade host cells is a matter of controversial discussions. we have assessed adherence and invasion of ... | 2004 | 15272867 |
| cloning and purification of the streptococcus suis serotype 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and its involvement as an adhesin. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a swine pathogen responsible for diverse diseases and may be present in the tonsils of pigs which show no sign of illness. because adhesion to host cells may be important in the carrier state, this study was undertaken to characterize a 39 kda surface protein identified as a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), possibly implicated in the adhesion of the bacteria. the gene encoding for the gapdh of s. suis was cloned and sequenced. the dna sequence co ... | 2004 | 15288930 |
| response of streptococcus suis to iron-restricted growth conditions at high and low oxygen availability. | streptococcus suis (s. suis) is an important pathogen in pigs and has to overcome strict iron limitations in its host environment. here, we studied iron-restricted growth of a highly virulent s. suis strain in vitro at aerobic and co2-enriched growth conditions. at both conditions, depleting of iron in the culture medium with nitrilotriacetic acid (nta) resulted in decreased growth rates and down regulation of several proteins. sensitivity to nta was significantly higher at aerobic versus co2-en ... | 2004 | 15298052 |
| encapsulated streptococcus suis inhibits activation of signaling pathways involved in phagocytosis. | streptococcus suis capsular type 2 is an important zoonotic agent of meningitis. previous studies reported that, in contrast to nonencapsulated mutants, encapsulated s. suis is able to resist phagocytosis. however, the mechanisms by which s. suis avoids phagocytosis are unknown. to elucidate the signaling pathway(s) involved in s. suis antiphagocytosis, we compared the ability of an encapsulated strain and its nonencapsulated mutant to induce the activation of akt and protein kinase c (pkc), whi ... | 2004 | 15322029 |
| evaluation of a ceftiofur-washed whole cell streptococcus suis bacterin in pigs. | the efficacy of currently available washed whole cell streptococcus suis bacterins is generally poor. we developed and tested the efficacy of a novel ceftiofur-washed whole cell bacterin. sixty-six, 2-week-old specific pathogen free (spf) pigs were randomly divided into 5 groups. three groups were vaccinated 28 and 14 d prior to challenge. the 3 ceftiofur-washed whole cell bacterins each contained 1 of 3 different adjuvants (montanide isa 25, montanide isa 50, and saponin). pigs exhibiting sever ... | 2004 | 15352553 |
| development of an in vivo himar1 transposon mutagenesis system for use in streptococcus equi subsp. equi. | streptococcus equi subsp. equi is the causative agent of the equine disease strangles. in this study we describe the development of an in vivo himar1 transposon system for the random mutagenesis of s. equi and, potentially, other gram-positive bacteria. we demonstrate efficient and random transposition of a modified mini-transposon onto the chromosome by southern blot analysis and insertion site sequencing. non-haemolytic mutants were isolated at a frequency of 0.2%, and acapsular mutants at a f ... | 2004 | 15358426 |
| intestinal translocation of streptococcus suis type 2 ef+ in pigs. | sepsis with subsequent multisystem organ failure after translocation of bacteria from the gut is a serious risk associated with stress situations. we showed that intestinal bacterial translocation could be one of the pathways for pathogenic streptococcus suis infections in the pig. in 24 piglets weighing 10-14 kg, free of the extracellular factor (ef+) producing phenotype of s. suis serotype 2, a silicon canula was placed in the proximal jejunum to enable intestinal inoculation and bypassing the ... | 2004 | 15381263 |
| characterization of streptococcus suis serotype 7 isolates from diseased pigs in denmark. | isolates of streptococcus suis serotype 7 from diseased pigs in denmark were characterized by ribotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), mic-determinations and detection of resistance genes. forty-one different ribotype profiles were found among the 103 isolates and could be divided into two main clusters. no obvious relationship between ribotypes and the clinical origin of the isolates could be observed. fifty-four isolates, including all 24 isolates belonging to the main ribotype pro ... | 2004 | 15381266 |
| immunogenicity of murein-associated proteins from temperature-stressed streptococcus suis cultures. | we compared immunogenicity in pigs of whole cell lysate proteins (wcp) with murein-associated proteins (map) obtained from a virulent serotype 2 strain of streptococcus (s.) suis grown at 32 or 42 degrees c. protein fractions were tested for their ability to induce antibodies in 3-week-old piglets by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. we found a significant increase in the antibody levels in all sera irrespective of the preparation used for immunization. however, alpha- ... | 2004 | 15458489 |
| [evaluation of prolex for the rapid identification of streptococci isolated in medical microbiology]. | the need to rapidly identify streptococci responsible for acute infectious diseases has led to the development of agglutination techniques that are able to identify streptococcal group antigens (a, b, c, d, f, and g) directly from primoculture colonies on blood agar. the prolex agglutination tests (pro-lab diagnostics, richmond hill, ontario, canada), distributed in france by i2a, have been used for the determination of group antigens of 166 isolates of streptococci and enterococci previously id ... | 2004 | 15465260 |
| intracellular invasion and persistence: survival strategies of streptococcus suis and mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. | streptococcus (s.) suis and mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) differ substantially in their host specificity and tissue tropism. s. suis is a facultative pathogen in swine, which mainly colonises the upper respiratory tract and can cause meningitis, septicemia, arthritis and pneumonia. in contrast, map is an obligatory pathogen causing paratuberculosis in ruminants, and shows high tropism for the intestinal tract. both pathogens are able to invade and persist in host cells. in s. s ... | 2004 | 15584427 |
| inhibition of streptococcus suis adhesion by dendritic galabiose compounds at low nanomolar concentration. | a series of mono-, di-, and tetravalent galabiose (galalpha1-4gal) compounds were synthesized in good yields by coupling of a general carboxylic acid-bearing sugar building block to dendritic scaffolds based on the 3,5-di-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid branching unit. furthermore, a poly(amidoamine)- (pamam-) based dendritic galabioside was synthesized containing eight galabiose units. all galabiosides were tested in a hemagglutination assay and a surface plasmon resonance (spr) competition assay i ... | 2004 | 15588085 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical strains of streptococcus suis isolated from pigs in spain. | the antimicrobial susceptibility of 151 clinical streptococcus suis strains isolated from diseased pigs in spain was determined by a microdilution method. isolates were mostly susceptible to beta-lactam antimicrobials, aminoglycosides, enrofloxacin, novobiocin and spectinomycin. more than 87% of the s. suis isolates were resistant to tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides and clindamycin. strains of serotype 9 were significantly more resistant than strains of serotype 2 (p<0.05) to tylosin (94 ... | 2004 | 15627526 |
| mutagenesis of streptococcus equi and streptococcus suis by transposon tn917. | genetic tools for studying streptococci are much less sophisticated than those that are available for many other bacterial genera. in this paper, we describe the development of a transposon mutagenesis system that we have used to mutate two important veterinary streptococci, streptococcus equi and streptococcus suis. the system uses a temperature-sensitive suicide vector to deliver tn917 via electroporation, transposing tn917 into the chromosomal dna of the two streptococci. the transposon inser ... | 2003 | 12695044 |
| [streptococcus suis bacteremia]. | streptococcus suis infection is recognised despite it rareness as a zoonotic occupational disease in humans, and is often associated with meningitis, more rarely with bacteremia. | 2003 | 12714914 |
| chloramphenicol resistance transposable element tnss1 of streptococcus suis, a transposon flanked by is6-family elements. | a new transposon, designated tnss1, which contains a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene flanked by direct repeats of an is6-family element was found in a field isolate of streptococcus suis. polymerase chain reaction and hybridization analyses indicated that another field isolate carried the same transposon in a different location on the chromosome. a transposition assay done with a thermosensitive suicide vector showed that, among the seven tnss1 mutants tested in this study, six formed a c ... | 2003 | 12726767 |
| lipoprotein signal peptidase of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | this paper reports the complete coding sequence for a proliprotein signal peptidase (sp-ase) of streptococcus suis, lsp. this is believed to be the first sp-ase described for s. suis. sp-ase ii is involved in the removal of the signal peptide from glyceride-modified prolipoproteins. by using in vitro transcription/translation systems, it was shown that the lsp gene was transcribed in vitro. functionality of lsp in escherichia coli was demonstrated by using an in vitro globomycin resistance assay ... | 2003 | 12777481 |
| high-resolution structures of rmlc from streptococcus suis in complex with substrate analogs locate the active site of this class of enzyme. | nature achieves the epimerization of carbohydrates by a variety of chemical routes. one common route is that performed by the class of enzyme defined by dtdp-6-deoxy-d-xylo-4-hexulose 3,5-epimerase (rmlc) from the rhamnose pathway. earlier studies failed to identify the key residues in catalysis. we report the 1.3 a structure of rmlc from streptococcus suis type 2 and its complexes with dtdp-d-glucose and dtdp-d-xylose. the streptococcal rmlc enzymes belong to a separate subgroup, sharing only 2 ... | 2003 | 12791259 |
| analysis of genetic diversity of streptococcus suis clinical isolates from pigs in spain by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was used to investigate the diversity of streptococcus suis isolates of various serotypes recovered from swine clinical samples in spain. capsular types 9 (64.9%) and 2 (14.8%) were the most frequently isolated serotypes followed by serotype 7 (5.9%) and serotype 8 (4.3%). the pfge results of this study with 60 different pulsotypes indicate a great genetic diversity among the s. suis isolates, which is consistent with the broad distribution of s. suis in t ... | 2003 | 12791872 |
| [purulent meningitis caused by streptococcus suis in a pig breeder]. | a case of purulent meningitis caused by streptococcus suis type 2 is reported here. it occurred in a 58-year-old male pig breeder. a few days before presentation, the patient had experienced headache, systemic articular pain and fever (38.8 degrees c). on admission, he was stuporous and had neck stiffness and hemiparesis. examination of cerebrospinal fluid showed purulent meningitis. the cultures identified streptococcus suis ii by pcr and specific serum. 2 months later, the patient was discharg ... | 2003 | 12806930 |
| up-regulation of icam-1, cd11a/cd18 and cd11c/cd18 on human thp-1 monocytes stimulated by streptococcus suis serotype 2. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 is known to be a major pathogen of swine, causing mainly meningitis. it is also a zoonotic agent leading predominantly to meningitis in humans working in close contact with pigs. in this study, we investigated the ability of s. suis to up-regulate the expression of adhesion molecules involved in inflammation, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. s. suis serotype 2 stimulated the up-regulation of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1, cd5 ... | 2003 | 12823280 |
| in vitro activities of florfenicol against bovine and porcine respiratory tract pathogens. | florfenicol in vitro activities for a total of 756 bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infections of cattle and swine were comparatively investigated by the agar diffusion method and the microdilution broth method. florfenicol showed high in vitro activity against pasteurella multocida, mannheimia haemolytica, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and streptococcus suis, with all of the isolates inhibited by </=2 micro g of florfenicol per ml. | 2003 | 12878547 |
| streptococcus suis meningitis and septicemia contracted from a wild boar in germany. | 2003 | 12883932 | |
| [a japanese case of streptococcus suis meningitis associated with lumbar epidural abscess]. | a 47-year-old man working at a meat processing factory was admitted to our hospital after suffering high fever and severe headache for a 2-day period. he was alert and showed no neurological symptoms apart from neck stiffness. the csf was turbid, with 701/microliter of polymorphnuclear leukocytes, a protein concentration of 218 mg/ml, and a sugar concentration of 33 mg/dl. he was diagnosed as suffering from streptococcus suis (s. suis) serotype 2 meningitis based on csf culture. severe headache ... | 2003 | 12884827 |
| comparison of experimental models for streptococcus suis infection of conventional pigs. | four different experimental models for streptococcus suis-induced disease were compared to find a model that closely mimics naturally occurring disease in conventional pigs. fourteen, 2-week old pigs free of s. suis type 2 were used in 2 experiments. in experiment 1, 3 pigs were inoculated intravenously (iv) and 3 pigs intranasally (in) with s. suis. two out of 3 of the iv-inoculated pigs exhibited signs of severe central nervous system disease (cns) and were euthanized. streptococcus suis type ... | 2003 | 12889730 |
| production and properties of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from the swine pathogen streptococcus suis serotype 2. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major pathogen found in the upper respiratory tract of swine. in this study, isolates of this bacterial species were tested for the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (blis). of the 38 strains tested, four inhibited the growth of other s. suis isolates according to a deferred-antagonism plate assay. interestingly, three of the strains were originally isolated from healthy carrier pigs and were considered nonvirulent. three isolates (94-623, 90 ... | 2003 | 12902232 |
| [streptococcus suis meningitis following wild boar hunting]. | 2003 | 12910163 | |
| cloning and partial characterization of the gene encoding the putative elongation factor ts of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | streptococcus suis infection has a substantial impact on the swine industry. in addition, s. suis serotype 2 is recognized as a zoonotic agent. in this paper, we report the cloning and complete sequence of the gene coding for the putative elongation factor ts ( tsf-like) of s. suis. the putative tsf gene seems to be transcribed from a promoter located within the cloned dna fragment, as its expression is not dependent on insertional orientation within the plasmid. one copy of the tsf gene was det ... | 2003 | 12955311 |
| streptococcus suis infection: clinical features and diagnostic pitfalls. | eight cases of streptococcus suis (s. suis) infection between 1993-1999 were retrospectively studied. there were 6 cases of meningitis and 2 cases of endocarditis. acute meningitis with early sensorineural hearing loss was the characteristic feature and the most common presentation of s. suis infection. s. suis endocarditis is a rare presentation in thailand. this organism was often mistaken for streptococcus pneumoniae or streptococcus viridans. in this study, this was true in five cases in who ... | 2003 | 12971528 |
| identification of an inducible bacteriophage in a virulent strain of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | streptococcus suis infection is considered to be a major problem in the swine industry worldwide. most virulent canadian isolates of s. suis serotype 2 do not produce the known virulence markers for this pathogen. pcr-based subtraction hybridization was adapted to isolate unique dna sequences which were specific to virulent strains of s. suis isolated in canada. analysis of some subtracted dna clones revealed significant homology with bacteriophages of gram-positive bacteria. an inducible phage ... | 2003 | 14500539 |
| the structure of nadh in the enzyme dtdp-d-glucose dehydratase (rmlb). | the structure of streptococcus suis serotype type 2 dtdp-d-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (rmlb) has been determined to 1.5 a resolution with its nicotinamide coenzyme and substrate analogue dtdp-xylose bound in an abortive complex. during enzyme turnover, nad(+) abstracts a hydride from the c4' atom of dtdp-glucose-forming nadh. after elimination of water, hydride is then transferred back to the c6' atom of dtdp-4-keto-5,6-glucosene-regenerating nad(+). single-crystal spectroscopic studies unambiguous ... | 2003 | 14505409 |
| [streptococcus suis infection, a zoonosis we should have in mind--2 case reports]. | streptococcus suis is primarily pig's pathogen, but can cause disease in a man exposed to contact with pigs (butchers, abatoir workers, farmers). infection in man is most frequently manifested as purulent meningitis, with deafness and ataxia, but there are rare reports on septic shock with multiple organ failure and death. we report two patients with streptococcus suis type 1 infection, treated in "dr josip bencević" general hospital, slavonski brod. the first patient suffered a very abrupt and ... | 2003 | 14533464 |
| [occurrence and diagnostic relevance of virulence-associated factors in streptococcus suis]. | streptococcus suis (sc. suis) can cause very different clinical entities. in contrast to sc. suis-associated pneumonia, the induction of meningitis, septicemia, and polyarthritis by certain sc. suis strains requires the expression of virulence factors that contribute to the invasiveness of the pathogen. in the presented study, we examined the occurrence of known virulence-associated factors in sc. suis isolates from samples sent to the institute of microbiology, school of veterinary medicine han ... | 2003 | 14560446 |
| epidemiology of streptococcus suis serotype 5 infection in a pig herd with and without clinical disease. | the aim of this study was to describe the transmission and the kinetics of the infection caused by streptococcus suis serotype 5 in a multisite farrow-to-finish pig herd. most sows carried s. suis serotype 5 in their vaginal tract, but not in their nasal cavities, as demonstrated by immunomagnetic separation (ims) technique. their offspring became infected during farrowing, confirming vertical transmission. during the first 4 weeks of life, a low number of piglets were carriers of s. suis seroty ... | 2003 | 14637045 |
| [chemical modification of streptococcus suis type 2 haemolysin]. | the haemolysin of streptococcus suis type 2 jiangsu isolate was purified. effects of protein modification reagents on the haemolysin activity were detected. the haemolysin was not affected by pcmb, succinic anhydride (sa), edc, and n-ai modification, and it indicated that sulfhudryl groups, amino groups, carboxyl groups and tyrosine residues were not essential to haemolysin activity. the haemolysin activity was significantly decreased after nbs, depc, 2, 3-diacetyl, h2o2 modification and was gre ... | 2003 | 16279208 |
| [fusion and apoptosis of epithelial cells induced by muramidase released protein of streptococcus suis type 2]. | the pathogenic role of muramidase released protein (mrp), a virulence factor of streptococcus suis type 2 (ss2) is poorly understood. the purified mrp was co-incubated with hep-2 cells to determine the effect of mrp on epithelial cells. under light microscope, two principal morphologic changes were observed. firstly, the cells were fused to form syncytia and a apoptosis followed. secondly, single cell was also induced to apoptosis at high level as 18%, which was verified by transmission electron ... | 2003 | 16279210 |
| molecular basis of h2o2 resistance mediated by streptococcal dpr. demonstration of the functional involvement of the putative ferroxidase center by site-directed mutagenesis in streptococcus suis. | h(2)o(2) is an unavoidable cytotoxic by-product of aerobic life. dpr, a recently discovered member of the dps protein family, provides a means for catalase-negative bacteria to tolerate h(2)o(2). potentially, dpr could bind free intracellular iron and thus inhibit the fenton chemistry-catalyzed formation of toxic hydroxyl radicals (h(2)o(2) + fe(2+) --> (.)oh + (-)oh + fe(3+)). we explored the in vivo function of dpr in the catalase- and nadh peroxidase-negative pig and human pathogen streptococ ... | 2003 | 12501248 |
| clonal distribution of an atypical mrp+, ef*, and suilysin+ phenotype of virulent streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains in brazil. | streptococcus suis is considered one of the most important bacterial swine pathogens worldwide. the distribution of the 35 described serotypes in diseased animals may vary in different regions. data regarding s. suis isolation from pigs in south america is not available. in the present study, 51 isolates of s. suis recovered in pure culture or as the predominant species from diseased animals in brazil, were analyzed. these isolates were classified as serotypes 2 (58.8%), 3 (21.5%), 7 (13.7%), 1 ... | 2003 | 12528829 |
| a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay specific for streptococcus suis based on the gene encoding the glutamate dehydrogenase. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers that flank a 688-bp segment within the glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh) of streptococcus suis type 2 could amplify efficiently the dna of all 306 (100%) clinical s. suis isolates tested (pigs, n=305; human, n=1) encompassing all serotypes obtained from diverse organs, and geographic origins. when dna from other bacteria were used as templates for amplification, no product was detected indicating specificity of the primers. multiplex pcr was developed usi ... | 2003 | 12583901 |
| pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release by human brain microvascular endothelial cells stimulated by streptococcus suis serotype 2. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a world-wide agent of diseases among pigs including meningitis, septicemia and arthritis. this microorganism is also recognized as an important zoonotic agent. the pathogenesis of the meningitis caused by s. suis is poorly understood. we have previously shown that s. suis is able to adhere to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec), but not to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec). the objective of this work was to study the ability of s. suis ... | 2003 | 12589957 |
| role of suilysin in pathogenesis of streptococcus suis capsular serotype 2. | three suilysin (sly) knockout mutant strains of streptococcus suis serotype 2 were generated by allelic replacement from one north american and two european wild type strains. the mutants were characterized by southern blot, western blot and phenotyping. in vitro bactericidal testing showed that both wild type and sly mutants were resistant to bactericidal factors in whole pig blood. to demonstrate the role of sly during s. suis infection, four animal trials were carried out using young pigs. ei ... | 2003 | 12620382 |
| allelic variation in srtas of streptococcus suis strains. | streptococcus suis nctc10234 possesses five srta homologs: srta encodes sortase, which anchors surface proteins with an lpxtg motif to the cell wall, while the functions of the other four homologs (the srtbcd cluster and srte) remain unknown. the genetic organization of the srta region was found to be conserved in the 59 s. suis strains examined in this study. although the srtas in three of these strains showed strong sequence divergence, their functions were verified to be overlapping by geneti ... | 2003 | 12620620 |
| identification and characterization of four proteases produced by streptococcus suis. | streptococcus suis is an important worldwide swine pathogen. in this study, we investigated the production of proteases by s. suis serotype 2. proteases were identified and characterized using chromogenic and fluorogenic assays and zymography. an arg-aminopeptidase with a molecular mass of 55 kda was found to be both cell-associated and extracellular. cell-associated chymotrypsin-like and caseinase activities, belonging to the serine- and metalloprotease classes respectively, were also detected. ... | 2003 | 12644236 |
| streptococcus suis infection: overview of case reports in thailand. | this paper presents an overview of reports of streptococcus suis infection in thailand from 1987-2000. nine reports (n=27 samples) have been collected and analyzed descriptively. the demographic data and clinical data showed 15 samples (55.6%) of all samples had a history of contact with pig, raw pork product or a history of raw pork, or uncooked pig's blood, consumption. the ages of the patients ranged from 23 to 72 years (mean 47 +/- 8.91). most presented with fever (n=27, 100%), headache (n=1 ... | 2003 | 19230589 |
| adult community acquired bacterial meningitis in a singaporean teaching hospital. a seven-year overview (1993-2000). | the objective of this study is to describe the bacteriological, clinical and laboratory features of community acquired bacterial meningitis in adults admitted to a singapore tertiary-care hospital. | 2002 | 12693768 |
| [analysis of virulence-related proteins of streptococcus suis type 2 from swine streptococcus isolated in china]. | virulence-related proteins, muraminidase-released protein (mrp) and extracellular factor (ef) of streptococcus suis type 2, were extracted from jiangsu isolate ha9801 and were used as antigens for preparation of antibodies. bacterium cell envelope proteins and extracellular proteins of swine streptococcus strains including 17 chinese isolates, 1 german strain and 1 human isolate of streptococcus suis type 2, were analyzed by sds-page and immunoblotting using the above antibodies, 11 strains prod ... | 2002 | 12557357 |
| assessment of protective efficacy of live and killed vaccines based on a non-encapsulated mutant of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | the protective efficacy of a live and killed non-encapsulated isogenic mutant of streptococcus suis serotype 2 was determined in pigs, and compared with the efficacy of the capsulated wild-type strain. spf pigs were vaccinated twice intramuscularly at 4 and 7 weeks of age with a dose of 1 x 10(9) formalin-killed cfu of the wild-type (wt-bac), formalin-killed non-encapsulated mutant (cm-bac) or live non-encapsulated mutant (cm-live) strain. after 2 weeks, vaccinated pigs and non-vaccinated contro ... | 2002 | 11731168 |
| toward a structural understanding of the dehydratase mechanism. | dtdp-d-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (rmlb) was first identified in the l-rhamnose biosynthetic pathway, where it catalyzes the conversion of dtdp-d-glucose into dtdp-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-glucose. the structures of rmlb from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in complex with substrate deoxythymidine 5'-diphospho-d-glucose (dtdp-d-glucose) and deoxythymidine 5'-diphosphate (dtdp), and rmlb from streptococcus suis serotype 2 in complex with dtdp-d-glucose, dtdp, and deoxythymidine 5'-diphospho-d-pyrano ... | 2002 | 11796113 |
| contribution of fibronectin-binding protein to pathogenesis of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | in the present study we investigated the role of the fibronectin (fn)- and fibrinogen (fgn)-binding protein (fbps) in the pathogenesis of streptococcus suis serotype 2 in piglets. the complete gene encoding fbps from s. suis serotype 2 was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the occurrence of the gene in various serotypes was analyzed by hybridization studies. the fbps protein was expressed in e. coli and purified, and binding to human fn and fgn was demonstrated. the induction of antibodi ... | 2002 | 11854216 |
| antibody response to an autogenous vaccine and serologic profile for streptococcus suis capsular type 1/2. | an autogenous vaccine was developed, using sonicated bacteria, with a strain of streptococcus suis capsular type 1/2. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the antibody response following vaccination and to assess the changes in antibody levels in pigs from a herd showing clinical signs of s. suis capsular type 1/2 infection in 6- to 8-week-old pigs. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the vaccine antigen was standardized. results from a preliminary study involving 2 control and 4 ... | 2002 | 11858652 |
| cd14-dependent and -independent cytokine and chemokine production by human thp-1 monocytes stimulated by streptococcus suis capsular type 2. | streptococcus suis capsular type 2 is an important aetiologic agent of swine meningitis, and it has been highlighted as a cause of occupational disease leading to meningitis and fulminant sepsis in humans. the objective of the present work was to study the ability of s. suis type 2 to induce the release of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1 (il-1), il-6, il-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein one (mcp-1) by human monocytic thp-1 cells. the induction of these five cytokines wa ... | 2002 | 11876746 |
| evidence for lateral transfer of the suilysin gene region of streptococcus suis. | suilysin is a cholesterol-binding cytolysin encoded by sly in streptococcus suis. dna sequence determination of the sly locus in a strain lacking sly revealed the presence of another gene, designated orf102, in the place of sly. no transposable element or long-repeat sequence was found in the close vicinity. except for six strains whose corresponding loci have been rearranged, all of the remaining 62 strains examined had either sly or orf102 at the same locus and their flanking regions were cons ... | 2002 | 11889115 |
| streptococcus entericus sp. nov., isolated from cattle intestine. | biochemical, molecular chemical and molecular genetic studies were performed on an unknown gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped organism isolated from the intestine of a cow affected with catarrhal enteritis. the organism was tentatively identified as a streptococcal species based on results of cellular morphological and biochemical tests. 16s rrna gene sequencing studies confirmed its provisional identification as a member of the genus streptococcus, but the organism did not correspo ... | 2002 | 11931181 |
| biofilm bacteria: formation and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics. | the calgary biofilm device (cbd) was used to form bacterial biofilms of selected veterinary gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria from cattle, sheep, pigs, chicken, and turkeys. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) of ampicillin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin g, streptomycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim-sulfadoxine for gram-positive and -negative b ... | 2002 | 11989739 |
| changes in the leucocyte subpopulations of the palatine tonsillar crypt epithelium of pigs in response to streptococcus suis type 2 infection. | the tonsils are portal of entry and a site of multiplication and persistence for a variety of pathogens, including streptococcus suis (s. suis), which is a common cause of meningitis, septicemia and arthritis in pigs. understanding the early changes that occur in the first barrier of the tonsil, i.e. the crypt epithelium, in response to s. suis infection is critical in clarifying the pathogenesis of this disease and for the future development of efficient methods of mucosal vaccination. in this ... | 2002 | 12052342 |
| streptococcus suis interactions with the murine macrophage cell line j774: adhesion and cytotoxicity. | streptococcus suis capsular type 2 is an important etiological agent of swine meningitis, and it is also a zoonotic agent. since one hypothesis of the pathogenesis of s. suis infection is that bacteria enter the bloodstream and invade the meninges and other tissues in close association with mononuclear phagocytes, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of s. suis type 2 to adhere to macrophages. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was standardized to simply an ... | 2002 | 12117940 |
| bacterial colonization and invasion in pigs experimentally exposed to streptococcus suis serotype 2 in aerosol. | a recently developed porcine model for aerogenous infection with streptococcus suis serotype 2 was applied in a study of the phases of bacterial colonization and initial invasion. eighteen pigs were exposed to aerosolized s. suis serotype 2 after pre-exposure to mild acetic acid in aerosol. the animals were killed consecutively within the first six days after challenge. after death, all animals were necropsied and examined by bacteriology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. systemic infec ... | 2002 | 12121040 |
| plasma haptoglobin concentration in swine after challenge with streptococcus suis. | eight 15-week-old pigs, reared under specific pathogen-free conditions, were inoculated with streptococcus suis serotype 2. the animals were monitored before and after challenge by measuring rectal temperature, recording specific clinical symptoms and collecting blood samples for haptoglobin determination. twenty-four hours after infection, the average haptoglobin plasma concentration of the animal group increased significantly and reached a maximum 4 days post-inoculation, followed by a constan ... | 2002 | 12121045 |
| streptococcus gallinaceus sp. nov., from chickens. | three isolates of an unknown gram-positive, catalase-negative, chain-forming, coccus-shaped organism isolated from an outbreak of septicaemia in a flock of adult broiler parents were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the bacterium represents a new subline within the genus streptococcus, related to, albeit distinct from, streptococcus acidominimus, streptococcus ovis, streptococcus suis and close relatives. ... | 2002 | 12148622 |
| multiplex pcr assays for simultaneous detection of six major serotypes and two virulence-associated phenotypes of streptococcus suis in tonsillar specimens from pigs. | multiplex pcr assays for the detection and identification of various streptococcus suis strains in tonsillar specimens from pigs were developed and evaluated. in two separate reactions, five distinct dna targets were amplified. three targets, based on the s. suis capsular polysaccharide (cps) genes specific for serotypes 1 (and 14), 7, and 9, were amplified in multiplex pcr i. two other targets, based on the serotype 2- (and 1/2-) specific cps gene and the epf gene, encoding the ef proteins of v ... | 2002 | 12149353 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis isolated from swine in france and from humans in different countries between 1996 and 2000. | the susceptibility of 135 streptococcus suis strains isolated from pigs (n = 110) and from humans (n = 25) to 13 antimicrobial agents was studied by microdilution and disc diffusion methods using mueller-hinton agar ii (mh) supplemented with either defibrinated sheep blood (mhsb) or horse serum (mhhs). results were similar for both methods used except for penicillin g whose zone diameters were reduced with mhsb compared with mhhs. when mh was supplemented with sheep blood, 39% of s. suis strains ... | 2002 | 12161400 |