Publications

putative virulence factors of atypical aeromonas salmonicida isolated from arctic charr, salvelinus alpinus (l.), and european grayling, thymallus thymallus (l.).	atypical aeromonas salmonicida (aas) causes generalized lethal infections in farmed arctic charr, salvelinus alpinus (l.), and european grayling, thymallus thymallus (l.), and is thus a serious threat for culture of these fish species. virulence factors were studied among isolates of aas from arctic charr (n = 20), european grayling (n = 19) and other fish species (n = 20), of which 48 were of finnish and 11 of swedish origin. all isolates produced an a-layer. extracellular products (ecp) of the ...	2003	12899410
curvularia haloperoxidase: antimicrobial activity and potential application as a surface disinfectant.	a presumed antimicrobial enzyme system, the curvularia haloperoxidase system, was examined with the aim of evaluating its potential as a sanitizing agent. in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, curvularia haloperoxidase facilitates the oxidation of halides, such as chloride, bromide, and iodide, to antimicrobial compounds. the curvularia haloperoxidase system caused several-log-unit reductions in counts of bacteria (pseudomonas spp., escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, aeromonas salmonicida, s ...	2003	12902249
type iii secretion genes in aeromonas salmonicida subsp salmonicida are located on a large thermolabile virulence plasmid.	type iii secretion genes in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida are located on a large plasmid of approximately 140 kb. cultivation of this organism at elevated temperatures such as 25 degrees c can, however, result in loss of this plasmid. this is accompanied by a loss of virulence for cultured fish cells.	2003	12904401
three small, cryptic plasmids from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida a449.	the nucleotide sequences of three small (5.2-5.6 kb) plasmids from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida a449 are described. two of the plasmids (pasa1 and pasa3) use a cole2-type replication mechanism while the third (pasa2) is a cole1-type replicon. insertions in the rep protein and oriv region of the cole2-type plasmids provide subtle differences that allow them to be maintained compatibly. all three plasmids carry genes for mobilization (mobabcd), but transfer genes are absent and are pre ...	2003	12932739
antimicrobial susceptibility testing of aquatic bacteria: quality control disk diffusion ranges for escherichia coli atcc 25922 and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc 33658 at 22 and 28 degrees c.	quality control (qc) ranges for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of aquatic bacterial isolates were proposed as a result of a multilaboratory study conducted according to procedures established by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls). ranges were proposed for escherichia coli atcc 25922 and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc 33658 at 22 and 28 degrees c for nine different antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentam ...	2003	12958263
analysis of exotoxins produced by atypical isolates of aeromonas salmonicida, by enzymatic and serological methods.	in this study, exotoxins produced by 62 aeromonas salmonicida strains and the bacterium haemophilus piscium were analysed. enzymatic assays, zymograms and serological detection were used to monitor secretion by bacterial strains of the previously described exotoxins p1, gcat and asap1 and also the extracellular p2 metallo-gelatinase and a serine caseinase, which is different from the p1 protease and has not yet been characterized. based on the results, the strains were divided into five groups. ...	2003	12962208
oral administration of formalin-inactivated cells of aeromonas hydrophila a3-51 controls infection by atypical a. salmonicida in goldfish, carassius auratus (l.).	there has been increasing interest in the use of probiotics in aquaculture to control fish diseases (e.g. douillet langdon 1994; gildberg, mikkelsen, sandaker & ringo 1997; kennedy, tucker, neidic, vermeer, cooper, jarrell & sennett 1998; deschrijver & ollevier 2000; robertson, o'dowd, burrells, williams & austin 2000), and a diverse range of gram-positive (such as carnobacterium inhibens) (robertson et al. 2000) and gram-negative bacteria, including vibrio alginolyticus (garriques & arevalo 199 ...	2003	12962220
distribution and retention of antigens of aeromonas salmonicida in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) vaccinated with a deltaaroa mutant or formalin-inactivated bacteria in oil-adjuvant.	in this study we report the differences in distribution and retention of aeromonas salmonicida antigens after vaccination with two different vaccines. parr of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) were given intraperitoneal injections of either a commercial, monovalent furunculosis vaccine (apoject) or live, attenuated a. salmonicida (deltaaroa). fish were sampled at weeks 2, 4 and 12 post-vaccination and head kidney and spleen were collected. presence of lps and 16s rdna in isolated leukocytes were inv ...	2003	12969656
the aeromonas salmonicida a-layer protein is an important protective antigen in oil-adjuvanted vaccines.		2003	12969658
a colonization factor (production of lateral flagella) of mesophilic aeromonas spp. is inactive in aeromonas salmonicida strains.	the nine laf (lateral flagellum) genes of mesophilic aeromonads are in the aeromonas salmonicida genome. the laf genes are functional, except for lafa (flagellin gene), which was inactivated by transposase 8 (is3 family). a pathogenic characteristic of mesophilic aeromonads (lateral flagella) is abolished in this specialized pathogen with a narrow host range.	2003	12514057
use of human cdna microarrays for identification of differentially expressed genes in atlantic salmon liver during aeromonas salmonicida infection.	commercially available human complementary dna microarrays were used to compare differential expression in the livers of atlantic salmon ( salmo salar) infected with aeromonas salmonicida and of healthy fish. complementary dna probes were prepared from total rna isolated from livers of control salmon and infected salmon by reverse transcription in the presence of (33)p-dctp and independently hybridized to human gene-filters gf211 microarrays. of the 4131 known genes on the microarray, 241 spots ...	2003	14508654
purification and characterization of an antibacterial protein in the skin secretion of rockfish sebastes schlegeli.	an antibacterial protein in the skin secretion of rockfish (sebastes schlegeli) was purified by lectin affinity chromatography on con a-sepharose and gel filtration on tskgel g3000sw. the antibacterial protein featured the high molecular mass and selective action against gram-negative bacteria. the molecular mass of the protein was estimated to be approximately 150 kda in gel filtration and approximately 75 kda by sds-page, suggesting that it is dimeric. the antibacterial principle was an acidic ...	2003	14522599
vaccine efficacy in spotted wolffish anarhichas minor: relationship to molecular variation in a-layer protein of atypical aeromonas salmonicida.	atypical aeromonas salmonicida strains comprise a heterogeneous group in terms of molecular and phenotypic characteristics. they cause various conditions of ulcer diseases or atypical furunculosis and are being isolated in increasing number from various fish species and geographical areas. several marine fish species susceptible to atypical a. salmonicida, including spotted wolffish anarhichas minor o., are now being farmed and new vaccines may be needed. a commercial furunculosis vaccine for sa ...	2003	14524499
isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in turkey hatchery farms.	three aeromonas salmonicida strains were isolated from the livers of 265 rainbow trouts sampled. the antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that a. salmonicida strains were susceptible to streptomycine and ciprofloxacin. however, they were resistant to amoxycilline + clavulanic acid, penicillin, erythromycine, oxytetracycline and cefuroxime sodium.	2003	14535932
the adp-ribosylating toxin, aext, from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is translocated via a type iii secretion pathway.	aext is an extracellular adp ribosyltransferase produced by the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. the protein is secreted by the bacterium via a recently identified type iii secretion system. in this study, we have identified a further 12 open reading frames that possess high homology to genes encoding both structural and regulatory components of the yersinia type iii secretion apparatus. using marker replacement mutagenesis of aopb, the a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida ho ...	2003	14594831
chloramphenicol and florfenicol susceptibility of fish-pathogenic bacteria isolated in france: comparison of minimum inhibitory concentration, using recommended provisory standards for fish bacteria.	to investigate the distribution of antimicrobial resistance to phenicols in the fish pathogenic bacteria aeromonas salmonicida, motile aeromonas, yersinia ruckeri, lactic bacteria and the nutritionally fastidious flavobacterium psychrophilum. the last species was screened on two media (diluted mueller-hinton and peptone-enriched anacker and ordal), both supplemented with horse serum.	2003	14633029
[therapy of juvenile chronic polyarthritis].		2003	169116
pelvic displacement of a cardiac pacemaker following trauma. a case report.	the rate migration of an implanted cardiac pacemaker from the subrectus area anterior to the peritoneum to the pelvis following a motor vehicle accident is reported. discovery of dislodgement was made by observing a marked increase of pacemaker impulse amplitude in the three standard limb leads as measured on an oscilloscope.	2003	152472
the independent living centre.		2003	161503
[indication and technic of the tanner-vandeput mesh-graft transplatation].		2003	340174
preliminary results of intensive therapy of children and adolescents with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia--a childrens cancer study group report.		2002	1691130
[lymphomas of the small intestine. radiologic and clinical analysis of 24 cases].		2002	339294
[critical studies on the evaluation of need for special schooling in the halle school for handicapped].		2002	130128
coronary artery fistula draining into left ventricle: case report and review.	a 6-year-old boy with coronary artery fistula emptying into the left ventricle was reported. an attempt was made to outline clinical manifestations of this disease which have not yet been fully described, based on the experience of the present case and a review of 14 previously reported cases. it is concluded that clinical signs and symptoms are not specific for this anomaly and retrograde aortography is required to establish the definite diagnosis of the lesion. authors' views are expounded as ...	2002	135103
some implications of declining birth rates for pediatrics.		2002	126410
vaccination against furunculosis in arctic char: efficacy of a commercial vaccine.	arctic char salvelinus alpinus are susceptible to furunculosis, a serious bacterial disease that affects the productivity of salmonid farms around the world. the objective of this laboratory study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available vaccine against furunculosis in two strains of arctic char. labrador and nauyuk char were injected with aqua health furogen 2 or 0.9% nacl. at 87 and 108 d postvaccination, fish were challenged with aeromonas salmonicida by immersion. in both cha ...	2002	28880796
temperature effect on the immune defense functions of arctic charr salvelinus alpinus.	the arctic charr salvelinus alpinus is an endangered fish species in finland, and thus farming is carried out mainly for stocking purposes. farmed charr are susceptible to infection with atypical aeromonas salmonicida (aas). losses of valuable brood stock will severely reduce the genetic diversity of stocked charr. no commercial vaccines are available to prevent aas infection, and vaccines against furunculosis (caused by typical a. salmonicida, tas) do not protect the charr against aas infection ...	2002	12517005
distribution of virulence genes in aeromonas spp. isolated from sardinian waters and from patients with diarrhoea.	to characterize 46 isolates of different aeromonas spp. strains (26 aeromonas hydrophila, 13 aeromonas sobria and 7 aeromonas salmonicida) isolated from coastal water and clinical sources in sardinia, italy.	2002	11849349
[cervical cystic lymphangioma].		2002	134427
advertising should inform but not sell.		2002	139562
malpractice--the patient pays!!		2002	127365
don't practice on me.		2002	128117
[radiological aspects of cervical chordomas (author's transl)].	the radiological findings in two patients with histologically verified cervical chordomas are described and compared with 40 others described in the literature. there is no typical radiographic picture. our cases showed benign-looking, extensive bone erosions of vertebral bodies and neural arches. in addition, there was destruction of the related discs and a soft tissue mass at the level of the bony lesions.	2002	134948
[arguments for septoplasty in workers in non-ferrous metal mines].		2002	134422
the relationship of changes in serum estradiol and progesterone during the menstrual cycle to the thyrotropin and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone.	the responses of serum tsh and prl to trh (500 microgram) were studied in normal young women in the early follicular, periovulatory, and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle in order to examine the relationship of these responses to the levels of estradiol relationship of these responses to the levels of estradiol (e2) and progesterone. each woman was studied twice in each phase in order to assess intraindividual variability. there was no significant difference in either the tsh or prl respon ...	2002	122427
temperature dependent activation of leucocyte populations of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, after intraperitoneal immunisation with aeromonas salmonicida.	the temperature dependence of in vivo activation of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, leucocyte populations after intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of fish with a t-cell independent antigen aeromonas salmonicida (strain mt423) was investigated using a proliferation assay and flow cytometric analysis with mab specific for trout leucocyte surface markers. in trout kept at 15-17 degrees c a prominent activation of blood and spleen leucocytes was found. also, drastic changes of the percentage of the ...	2002	11866129
characterization of an adp-ribosyltransferase toxin (aext) from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.	an adp-ribosylating toxin named aeromonas salmonicida exoenzyme t (aext) in a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiological agent of furunculosis in fish, was characterized. gene aext, encoding toxin aext, was cloned and characterized by sequence analysis. aext shows significant sequence similarity to the exos and exot exotoxins of pseudomonas aeruginosa and to the yope cytotoxin of different yersinia species. the aext gene was detected in all of the 12 a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strai ...	2002	11889090
incidence of toxic aeromonas isolated from food and human infection.	one hundred and ninety four aeromonas isolates (99 from food and 95 from clinical sources) were analyzed as to the species involved and the toxins produced. of the clinical isolates of aeromonas, 29.4% were enterotoxigenic, 43.1% were hemolytic and 89% were cytotoxigenic. among the food isolates, 18.2% were enterotoxigenic, 17.1% were hemolytic and 72.7% were cytotoxigenic. aeromonas sobria and aeromonas veronii produced more enterotoxin and cytotoxin than the other isolates, whereas a. veronii ...	2002	11934569
evaluation of immune functions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)--how can environmental influences be detected?	in fish, the first line of defense against infectious microorganisms is based on a broad range of nonspecific humoral and cellular immune mechanisms ("innate immunity") which without prior specific activation can act in forming a more static barrier (fish shellfish immunol. 10 (2000) 243; dev. comp. immunol. 25 (2001) 827). this natural resistance is normally effective enough to protect fish from infectious diseases until specific immune responses are being induced (fig. 1; dev. comp. immunol. 2 ...	2002	11988361
detection and identification of bacterial pathogens of fish in kidney tissue using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis of 16s rrna genes.	we report the application of a nucleic acid-based assay that enables direct detection and identification of bacterial pathogens in fish kidney tissue without the need for bacterial culture. the technique, known as terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp), employs the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using a primer pair that targets 2 highly conserved regions of the gene that encodes for the 16s small subunit of the bacterial ribosome. each primer is 5' labeled with a different f ...	2002	12033704
pcr-based assays for the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida. i. evaluation of three pcr primer sets for detection and identification.	in an effort to develop a rapid diagnostic test for the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida, the performance of 2 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primer sets (ap and paas) targeting the fish pathogen a. salmonicida and 1 pcr primer set (miy) targeting a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida were evaluated. initially, the pcr assays were used to screen purified dna extracted from 308 a. salmonicida isolates. the ap and paas pcr tests were demonstrated to be 100% specific for the species a. salmonicida ...	2002	12078981
pcr-based assays for the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida. ii. further evaluation and validation of three pcr primer sets with infected fish.	two aeromonas salmonicida-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests and 1 a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida-specific pcr test were used to screen salmonid populations that were either overtly or covertly infected with a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. it was demonstrated that these pcr assays could be used to replace the biochemical testing currently employed to confirm the identity of a. salmonicida isolates cultured from infected fish. the ap and paas pcr assays were also capable of dire ...	2002	12078982
characterization of carnobacterium divergens strain 6251 isolated from intestine of arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus l.).	an atypical strain of carnobacterium divergens, strain 6251, was isolated from the small intestine of arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus l.), fed high dietary carbohydrate. this strain showed marked growth inhibitory effects in vitro against the fish pathogens aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (furunculosis), vibrio anguillarum (vibriosis) and vibrio viscocus (winter ulcer). the strain is a non-motile gram-positive psychrotrophic rod that lacks both catalase and oxidase, grows at ph 9.1 (ct ...	2002	12086178
optimisation of one-tube pcr-elisa to detect femtogram amounts of genomic dna.	a simple, high-throughput, low-cost polymerase chain reaction-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (pcr-elisa) protocol that detects the presence of 4 fg of dna from four bacterial fish pathogens yersinia ruckeri, tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly flexibacter maritimus), lactococcus garvieae and aeromonas salmonicida was developed. dna amplification was undertaken in a biphasic system with free and bound pcr that are achieved in the one nucleolink tube. solid-phase amplicons were detected using bio ...	2002	12133608
a global non-conjugative tet c plasmid, pras3, from aeromonas salmonicida.	two 11.8 kb non-conjugative, but mobilizable r plasmids designated pras3.1 and pras3.2 were isolated from aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida and atypical a. salmonicida, respectively. differences between the plasmids were of minor extent and they are considered as being variants of the same plasmid, pras3. the genes repa, repb, moba, mobc, mobd, and mobe were organized similar to corresponding genes in the small, mobilizable plasmid ptf-fc2 isolated from acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ...	2002	12151232
assessment of genetic variability and relatedness among atypical aeromonas salmonicida from marine fishes, using aflp-fingerprinting.	atypical strains of aeromonas salmonicida are the causal agent of atypical furunculosis or ulcer disease in various fish species, including spotted wolffish anarhichas minor, which is a promising species in the norwegian fish-farming industry. isolates of atypical a. salmonicida comprise a very heterogenous group showing large variety in biochemical, molecular and virulence characteristics. the genetic variability among atypical isolates from wolffish was characterised using amplified fragment l ...	2002	12180702
an aeromonas salmonicida type iv pilin is required for virulence in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss.	aeromonas salmonicida expresses a large number of proven and suspected virulence factors including bacterial surface proteins, extracellular degradative enzymes, and toxins. we report the isolation and characterization of a 4-gene cluster, tapabcd, from virulent a. salmonicida a450 that encodes proteins homologous to components required for type iv pilus biogenesis. one gene, tapa, encodes a protein with high homology to type iv pilus subunit proteins from many gram-negative bacterial pathogens, ...	2002	12240967
inhibition of hemolytic activity of aeromonas salmonicida gcat in rainbow trout red blood cells by a monoclonal antibody.	the present study shows that a monoclonal antibody (mab) directed to aeromonas salmonicida glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase (gcat) is capable of protecting rainbow trout red blood cells from the cytotoxic effects of the enzyme in vitro.	2002	12240974
simultaneous detection of aeromonas salmonicida, flavobacterium psychrophilum, and yersinia ruckeri, three major fish pathogens, by multiplex pcr.	a multiplex pcr assay based on the 16s rrna genes was developed for the simultaneous detection of three major fish pathogens, aeromonas salmonicida, flavobacterium psychrophilum, and yersinia ruckeri. the assay proved to be specific and as sensitive as each single pcr assay, with detection limits in the range of 6, 0.6, and 27 cfu for a. salmonicida, f. psychrophilum, and y. ruckeri, respectively. the assay was useful for the detection of the bacteria in artificially infected fish as well as in ...	2002	12324372
evidence for a type iii secretion system in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.	aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiological agent of furunculosis, is an important fish pathogen. we have screened this bacterium with a broad-host-range probe directed against yscv, the gene that encodes the archetype of a highly conserved family of inner membrane proteins found in every known type iii secretion system. this has led to the identification of seven open reading frames that encode homologues to proteins functioning within the type iii secretion systems of yersinia sp ...	2002	12374830
experimental evidence for major histocompatibility complex-allele-specific resistance to a bacterial infection.	the extreme polymorphism found at some major histocompatibility complex (mhc) loci is believed to be maintained by balancing selection caused by infectious pathogens. experimental support for this is inconclusive. we have studied the interaction between certain mhc alleles and the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida, which causes the severe disease furunculosis, in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). we designed full-sibling broods consisting of combinations of homozygote and heterozygote genotypes wi ...	2002	12396502
natural antibodies and their significance in active immunization and protection against a defined pathogen in fish.	natural antibody activity against aeromonas salmonicida extracellular a-layer protein (a-protein) showed large individual variations in a farmed group of 101 goldfish (carassius auratus l.). statistical analyses of these variations led us to divide this group into homogeneous high and low naturally active (hna and lna) subgroups. the hna fish were largely protected against experimental infection with a virulent atypical a. salmonicida strain, while 100% morbidity was recorded in the lna group. i ...	2002	12399194
distribution of aeromonas spp. as identified by 16s rdna restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in a trout farm.	this study used restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) with aeromonas-specific primers to identify species of aeromonas and to investigate their distribution in a trout farm and stream.	2002	12452953
association between major histocompatibility complex class iib alleles and resistance to aeromonas salmonicida in atlantic salmon.	we have tested the importance of genetic variation in the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class iib in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) for survival after challenge with a highly virulent bacterial pathogen. forty juvenile full siblings from each of 120 families were infected with the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida, which causes high mortality in salmon due to furunculosis. fishes from high-resistance (hr, < 35% mortality) and low-resistance (l,r, > 80% mortality) families were screened for ...	2001	11296859
synergy of histone-derived peptides of coho salmon with lysozyme and flounder pleurocidin.	recent research has identified endogenous cationic antimicrobial peptides as important factors in the innate immunity of many organisms, including fish. it is known that antimicrobial activity, as well as lysozyme activity, can be induced in coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) mucus after exposure of the fish to infectious agents. since lysozyme alone does not have antimicrobial activity against vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida, a four-step protein purification protocol was used to is ...	2001	11302792
a monoclonal antibody recognising a surface marker on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) monocytes.	the characterisation of a monoclonal antibody (mab 45) reacting with phagocytic leucocytes isolated from blood and spleen of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) is described. the surface marker labelled by this mab is expressed at relative low levels on the membrane of large, nearly nongranulated trout leucocytes, and having the typical morphology of monocytes in flow cytometry (kfoury et al., 1999, fish pathology, 34, 1-6). no reaction of mab 45 with granulocytes, lymphocytes or thromb ...	2001	11308075
host factors associated with the detection of aeromonas salmonicida and yersinia ruckeri in ontario, canada government fish hatcheries.	this paper presents an epidemiological investigation of ontario ministry of natural resources fish health laboratory data from 1981 to 1997, to determine whether fish species and age were associated with lot-level detection of aeromonas salmonicida and yersinia ruckeri in hatchery fish. in stepwise logistic regression, the species brook trout and back-cross (lake trout crossed with the hybrid "splake") were more likely to test a. salmonicida-positive compared to all other species reared in the h ...	2001	11311951
characterization of the properties of human- and dairy-derived probiotics for prevention of infectious diseases in fish.	the present study aimed to investigate the potential probiotic properties of six lactic acid bacteria (lab) intended for human use, lactobacillus rhamnosus atcc 53103, lactobacillus casei shirota, lactobacillus bulgaricus, l. rhamnosus lc 705, bifidobacterium lactis bb12, and lactobacillus johnsonii la1, and one for animal use, enterococcus faecium tehobak, for use as a fish probiotic. the strains for human use were specifically chosen since they are known to be safe for human use, which is of m ...	2001	11375147
characterization of class 1 integrons associated with r-plasmids in clinical aeromonas salmonicida isolates from various geographical areas.	class 1 integrons were found in 26 of 40 antibiotic-resistant isolates of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida from northern europe and north america. three different dhfr genes, conferring trimethoprim resistance, and one ant(3")1a aminoglycoside resistance gene were identified as gene inserts. the gene cassettes tended to be conserved among isolates from a particular geographical area. nineteen isolates transferred r-plasmids carrying different tet determinants to escherichia coli in filter ...	2001	11389105
effects of bacteria on the growth of an amoeba infecting the gills of turbot.	we analysed the influence of various bacteria on the in vitro growth of trophozoites of a platyamoeba strain isolated from diseased gill tissues of cultured turbot. little or no growth was shown by amoebae cultured in the presence of (1) the turbot-pathogenic bacteria vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas salmonicida or streptococcus sp., (2) pasteurella piscicida or vibrio vulnificus (pathogenic for some fishes but not turbot), or (3) the non-pathogenic 'environmental' bacteria vibrio campbelli, vibrio ...	2001	11411647
simulating the effect of eliminating routine bacterial screening on the negative predictive value of the ontario fish hatchery disease monitoring program.	we determined the impact of eliminating routine screening for aeromonas salmonicida and yersinia ruckeri on the efficacy of the ontario ministry of natural resources (omnr) fish disease monitoring program, using monte carlo simulation. because the main purpose of the program is to prevent transferring infected fish among omnr hatcheries, or to wild fish populations through stocking waterways, the hatchery-level negative predictive value (hnpv) was used as an indicator of monitoring efficacy. the ...	2001	11448498
immunoglobulin genes and antibody responses in the spotted wolffish (anarhichas minor olafsen).	the spotted wolffish anarhichas minor olafsen is a promising new species in aquaculture in the cold waters of northern norway. in this paper, some basic immunological studies of this marine species are reported. of comparative interest are the cdna sequences of the immunoglobulin transcript and the antibody responses to model antigens. of more practical importance are the humoral immune responses and antibody specificities to potentially pathogenic bacteria. full length cdna clones encoding the ...	2001	11478516
induction of inflammatory cytokines by extracellular products and lps of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes in mice and mouse cell cultures.	balb/c mice, injected i.p. with extracellular products (ecp) of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes (asa), displayed symptoms similar to toxic shock syndrome. the ld(50) observed was between 1.5 and 2.0 microg g(-1) and the mice died within 19 h. four inflammatory cytokines were measured in mice receiving sublethal ecp doses. tnf-alpha and il-6 showed a sharp peak in the serum while il-1 beta and il-2 were not detected. when peritoneal macrophages were cultivated in the presence of ecp, as ...	2001	11498248
antibody response in salmonids against the 70 kda serine protease of aeromonas salmonicida studied by a monoclonal antibody-based elisa.	an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) based on monoclonal antibodies (mab) was set up and evaluated for selective detection of salmonid antibody responses to the antigen p1, which is a weakly immunogenic exoprotease of typical aeromonas salmonicida. this new assay permits a specific determination of anti-protease-antibodies, without antigen purification. serum antibodies induced by the strongly immunogenic lipopolysaccharide could reliably be discriminated from anti-p1-an ...	2001	11557299
type ii secretion by aeromonas salmonicida: evidence for two periplasmic pools of proaerolysin.	aeromonas salmonicida containing the cloned gene for proaerolysin secretes the protein via the type ii secretory pathway. here we show that altering a region near the beginning of aera led to a dramatic increase in the amount of proaerolysin that was produced and that a large amount of the protein was cell associated. all of the cell-associated protein had crossed the cytoplasmic membrane, because the signal sequence had been removed, and all of it was accessible to processing by trypsin during ...	2001	11566995
cloning and biochemical characterization of fox-5, an ampc-type plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase from a new york city klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate.	klebsiella pneumoniae 5064, isolated in new york, carried plasmid-mediated resistance to multiple beta-lactams and was unresponsive to clavulanic acid. the beta-lactamase gene responsible for cephalosporin resistance encoded fox-5, with 96 to 97% amino acid identities to other members of the fox family of beta-lactamases. the bla(fox-5) coding region was located next to a transposase gene from the aeromonas salmonicida insertion element isas2.	2001	11600376
class 1 integrons mediate antibiotic resistance in the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida worldwide.	the presence of class 1 integrons was investigated in 38 sulfonamide-resistant strains of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, atypical a. salmonicida and escherichia coli conjugants with r plasmids originating from a. salmonicida. the strains originated from finland, france, japan, norway, scotland, switzerland, and the united states. additional resistance determinants in strains with class 1 integrons were also determined. of 21 strains containing a class 1 integron, 19 had a single gene ...	2001	11759088
diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review.	after substantial investments in research, the atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus is now being cultivated commercially in norway, iceland, scotland and canada. as with other domesticated species, disease problems have been experienced. this review summarizes the current state of knowledge of diseases of the atlantic halibut, and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. in economic terms, the most important losses have been suffered at the larval and juvenile stages. the most important ...	2001	11843141
priapism: current concepts.	the treatment options for the management of the patient with priapism have changed markedly within the past several years. when possible, the underlying cause of the priapism should be identified. therapy should be guided by the results of aspiration of the blood-filled corpora cavernosa of the erect penis. early intervention through pharmacologic manipulation or surgical shunting should not be delayed while trying conservative measures.	2001	2569852
priapism: current concepts.	the treatment options for the management of the patient with priapism have changed markedly within the past several years. when possible, the underlying cause of the priapism should be identified. therapy should be guided by the results of aspiration of the blood-filled corpora cavernosa of the erect penis. early intervention through pharmacologic manipulation or surgical shunting should not be delayed while trying conservative measures.	2001	2569852
diagnostic aids in pancreatic cancer.		2001	93208
family life cycle resource center in the elementary school.		2001	98495
biochemical and energetic gradients in the mucosa of stomach and duodenum of patients with antral ulcer.	separation and measurement of adenine-adenosine, adenosine monophosphate (amp), adenosine diphosphate (adp), adenosine triphosphate (atp), lipid phosphates, rna and dna, further, separation and measurement of mg2+-dependent, total (mg2+-dependent plus na+--k+-dependent, mg2+-na+-k-dependent) and na+-k+-dependent atpases were carried out in the mucosa and muscles of the corpus, antrum and duodenum of 68 patients with antral ulcer. it was found that (1) the substrate levels of adenosine nucleotide ...	2001	95466
[medical management of tachycardias (author's transl)].	guidelines for a step-wise plan of treatment of tachycardias have been compiled based on clinical empirical experience and with the aid of surface electrocardiograms, intracardial electrograms and stimulation techniques. the plan is primarily with the aid of surface electrocardiograms, intracardial electrograms and stimulation techniques. the plan is primarily oriented with respect to the antiarrhythmic efficacy, the adverse reactions and the practicability of the respective agents. any type of ...	2001	93075
flashbacks: ventricular fibrillation. part ii.		2001	95229
[lead air pollution in urban and industrial areas of italy].		2001	90470
spectrofluorimetric method for aminoglycoside antibiotics.		2001	33245
differential inhibition of prostacyclin production and platelet aggregation by aspirin.		2001	92623
a theoretical model for adhesion between cells mediated by multivalent ligands.	a theoretical model is developed for cell-to-cell binding by bivalent ligands that can bind to mobile receptors on the cell surfaces. monovalent inhibitors that can bind either to receptors or ligands are also included. for symmetrical ligands, that is, ligands in which both binding sites are the same, it is shown that crosslinking of receptors on each cell will interfere with intercellular bridge formation. at equilibrium, such interference is not drastic, but if the crosslinks can form before ...	2001	95173
ataxia-telangiectasia and hepatocellular carcinoma.	ataxia-telangiectasia (at) is a multi-system disease involving the cerebellum, cutaneous blood vessels and the immune system including both cellular and humoral components. it also involves hematological, endocrine and peripheral nervous systems. this disease is often associated with abnormal liver function tests, such as, raised alkaline phosphatase and various nonspecific histological changes in the liver. high incidence of various malignancies involving lymphoreticular, gastrointestinal and m ...	2001	92892
hatchery-level predictive values for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and aeromonas salmonicida in ontario, canada.	the probability and uncertainty of correctly classifying the ipnv and aeromonas salmonicida status of fish-rearing and natural sites in ontario were estimated through monte carlo simulations. propagating several uncertain inputs showed the extent to which natural variability and our present lack of knowledge affect the probability of site misclassification. for the scenarios investigated, the site-level negative predictive values (snpvs) were high and fairly constant. the site-level positive pre ...	2001	11154785
post-menopausal oestrogens protect against fractures of hip and distal radius. a case-control study.	to assess the efficacy of oestrogens in preventing the common major limb fractures of postmenopausal women, retrospective case-control research was used for a new purpose--to explore beneficial rather than adverse effect of treatment. postmenopausal women admitted with fractures of the hip or distal radius and matched women admitted to the orthopaedic service for other reasons were surveyed. the "risk" of the non-oestrogen users, was estimated by inverting the customary odds ratio to calculate p ...	2001	90802
[skin lesions responding to zinc oil during total parenteral feeding].		2001	99674
recent studies of the 3t3-l1 adipocyte-like cell line.		2001	92801
hemorrhage in dentistry.		2001	1088630
quality assurance of gram-stained direct smears.	clinical laboratories do not always prepare and examine direct smears. in part, this may be explained by lack of control over the precision and accuracy of the procedure, which has diminished confidence in direct smears among both laboratory scientists and clinicians. objective criteria were established for enumeration of cells and placement of bacteria in identification categories. two methods for monitoring the accuracy and reproducibility of their application were studied: (1) examination of ...	2001	92891
[a delicate intervention: tonsillectomy in adults].		2000	92060
a novel biological function of macrophages associated with antigen discrimination properties.	the ability of fresh or cultured subpopulation of adherent peritoneal exudate cells to perform discrete biological functions commonly associated with macrophages, namely antibody dependent cytotoxicity (adcc) and phagocytosis, has been compared with the ability of the same cells to present tnp coupled to carbohydrate or protein carriers for a subsequent antibody response, or semi-allogeneic cells for t cell cytotoxic responses, in tissue culture. data are presented to show that adcc reactivity r ...	2000	94755
[muscle blood flow and capillary diffusion capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)].	capillary blood flow (xenon-133) and diffusion capacity for chrom-51-edta (ps-product of renkin) of striated muscle tissue were examined by double isotope method in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. xenon-clearance and ps-product were studied under normal conditions and following hyperemisation. there existed no significant difference between rheumatoid patients and normal subjects and there was no evidence of increased capillary permeability. apparently, derangement of muscle capillaries is r ...	2000	101713
effect of dietary composition on fasting-induced changes in serum thyroid hormones and thyrotropin.		2000	97492
determination of fetal sex by ultrasound.		2000	97313
infections of edwardsiella tarda among brook trout in quebec.	acute bacterial septicemia is commonly diagnosed in brook trout salvelinus fontinalis of quebec, canada. the agents most commonly isolated include aeromonas salmonicida (furunculosis), aeromonas hydrophila (motile aeromonad septicemia), and pseudomonas species. septicemia in brook trout caused by the gram-negative bacterium edwardsiella tarda was diagnosed for the first time in the province of quebec from two different fish farms producing stock for fee fishing establishments. affected fish disp ...	2000	28880779
extended method for discrimination of aeromonas spp. by 16s rdna rflp analysis.	a previously described molecular method, based on 16s rdna rflp analysis, for the identification of aeromonas spp. was unable to separate the species aeromonas salmonicida, aeromonas bestiarum and the recently described aeromonas popoffii. in this study, the method has been extended with endonucleases aiwni and psti for the identification of these species. a molecular frame for the identification of all known aeromonas spp. is presented.	2000	11155981
isolation of bacteria other than helicobacter pylori from stomachs of squirrel monkeys (saimiri spp.) with gastritis.	gastric biopsy specimens obtained from 12 squirrel monkeys (saimiri spp.) were investigated by culture for the presence of bacteria. the stomachs of two monkeys with gastritis were colonized with gram-negative, urease-positive bacteria, identified as ochrobactrum anthropi by the vitek and api nft methods (biomérieux). a third monkey with gastritis was positive for aeromonas salmonicida and pseudomonas vesicularis (both urease-negative). no helicobacter pylori was isolated from squirrel monkeys. ...	2000	10711437
genetic diversity of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida demonstrated by random amplified polymorphic dna and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses.	the current taxonomy of aeromonas salmonicida includes 4 subspecies. a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is associated with salmonid furunculosis, and a. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes, a. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, and a. salmonicida subsp. smithia are strains that show variation in some biochemical properties. this classification does not readily encompass isolates from a wide range of fish hosts currently described as atypical a. salmonicida. this study examined 17 typical strains, 39 atypi ...	2000	10715816
a major secreted elastase is essential for pathogenicity of aeromonas hydrophila.	aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of fatal hemorrhagic septicemia in rainbow trout. a gene encoding an elastolytic activity, ahyb, was cloned from aeromonas hydrophila ag2 into puc18 and expressed in escherichia coli and in the nonproteolytic species aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida. nucleotide sequence analysis of the ahyb gene revealed an open reading frame of 1,764 nucleotides with coding capacity for a 588-amino-acid protein with a molecular weight ...	2000	10816468
aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica subsp. nov., a new pectinase-positive subspecies isolated from a heavily polluted river.	aeromonas strains which phenotypically and genetically belong to the aeromonas salmonicida species but that according to their phenotypic properties constitute a new subspecies have been isolated from the water of a heavily polluted river, the matanza river, situated near the central district of buenos aires city. these strains were ascribed to the a. salmonicida species by using 65 biochemical tests and by dna-dna hybridization. they produce acid from -sorbitol, an unusual biochemical property ...	2000	10843053
host cell invasion and intracellular residence by aeromonas salmonicida: role of the s-layer.	virulent strains of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida, which have surface s-layers (s+), efficiently adhere to, enter, and survive within macrophages. here we report that s+ bacteria were 10- to 20-fold more adherent to non-phagocytic fish cell lines than s-layer-negative (s-) mutants. when reconstituted with exogenous s-layers, these s- mutants regained adherence. as well, latex beads coated with purified s-layers were more adherent to fish cell lines than uncoated beads, or beads coated ...	2000	10932360
co-culture of aeromonas salmonicida and host cells in intraperitoneal implants is associated with enhanced bacterial survival.	an experimental procedure that we named "in vivo co-culture technology" allowed us to study the interactions between aeromonas salmonicida and host cells, inside semipermeable chambers implanted in the peritoneal cavity of atlantic salmon. intraperitoneal implants containing bacteria and host cells, or bacteria and lysed cells, consistently yielded higher numbers of viable bacteria than implants containing bacteria only. electron microscopy confirmed that 30 min after chamber inoculation, numero ...	2000	10932362
identification and characterization of carnobacteria associated with the gills of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.).	using the surface plate technique, the population level of aerobic bacteria, occurring in the gills of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), was determined to be approximately 3 x 10(4) g(-1). of 100 isolates investigated, 58 were gram-negative. out of the 42 gram-positive isolates, 26 belonged to the carnobacteria, of which ten were further identified on the basis of 16s rdna sequence analysis and aflp fingerprinting. all were identified as carnobacterium piscicola-like. these carnobacteria strains ...	2000	11249022