Publications

kirby-bauer disc approximation to detect inducible third-generation cephalosporin resistance in enterobacteriaceae.	resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in enteric gram-negative bacilli may be difficult to detect using standard methods of either kirby-bauer disc diffusion (kbdd) or broth dilution for minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). this difficulty is due to genetic differences in resistance determinants, differences in levels of gene expression, and variation in spectra of enzymatic activity against the substrate beta-lactams used for susceptibility testing. we have examined 95 clinical isolates repo ...	2004	15256000
repeatability and reproducibility of ribotyping and its computer interpretation.	many molecular typing methods are difficult to interpret because their repeatability (within-laboratory variance) and reproducibility (between-laboratory variance) have not been thoroughly studied. in the present work, ribotyping of coryneform bacteria was the basis of a study involving within-gel and between-gel repeatability and between-laboratory reproducibility (two laboratories involved). the effect of different technical protocols, different algorithms, and different software for fragment ...	2004	15059627
epidemic parenteral exposure to volatile sulfur-containing compounds at a hemodialysis center.	to determine the cause of acute illness on august 30, 2000, among patients at an outpatient dialysis center (center a).	2004	15061419
the application of peptide nucleic acid probes for rapid detection and enumeration of eubacteria, staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa in recreational beaches of s. florida.	a novel chemiluminescent in situ hybridization technique using peptide nucleic acids (pna) was adapted for the detection of bacteria in beach sand and recreational waters in south florida. the simultaneous detection and enumeration of eubacteria and the novel indicators, staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa, was achieved within 6-8 h of processing. following 5 h of incubation on tsa, soybean peroxidase-labeled peptide nucleic acid probes (boston probes, boston, ma) targeting species- ...	2004	15063055
role of citrobacter amalonaticus and citrobacter farmeri in dissimilatory perchlorate reduction.	the article deals with the novel physiological function of dissimilatory perchlorate reduction by strains jb101 and jb109 isolated from a laboratory-enriched mixed consortium originating from a sewage treatment facility. the biochemical and physiological data of the strains showed good correspondence with members of the family enterobacteriaceae. the partial 16s rdna sequence of the strains jb101 and jb109 had similarity of 99.8% to citrobacter amalonaticus and 98% to citrobacter farmeri, respec ...	2004	15069667
resistance patterns among selective gram-negative bacilli from an intensive care unit in trinidad, west indies.	to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative aerobic bacteria isolated from infected patients on the intensive care unit (icu) and the outcome of infected patients.	2004	15083220
nonpseudomonal ecthyma gangrenosum.	ecthyma gangrenosum is a cutaneous infection associated most commonly with pseudomonal sepsis in the patient who is immunocompromised. we describe an 8-month-old girl with acute myelocytic leukemia who developed perineal ecthyma gangrenosum caused by citrobacter freundii, a gram-negative pathogen that has been rarely associated with cutaneous disease. we also review the literature to categorize the range of pseudomonal and nonpseudomonal pathogens associated with ecthyma gangrenosum.	2004	15097944
responses of small intestinal architecture and function over time to environmental factors in a tropical population.	to determine the response of the small intestinal mucosa to environmental conditions, we studied changes in mucosal architecture and function in a longitudinal cohort study in african adults. over three consecutive years, 238 adults submitted monthly stool samples for parasitologic and bacteriologic analysis and underwent an annual endoscopic jejunal biopsy for mucosal morphometry. absorption and permeability assays were performed on the same day as the enteroscopy. variation in mucosal architec ...	2004	15100456
vertical transmission of citrobacter freundii.		2004	15102740
antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacilli isolates from inpatients and outpatients at yaounde central hospital, cameroon.	to determine and compare antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogenic bacteria from inpatients and outpatients at a university teaching hospital in yaounde, cameroon.	2004	15109589
klebsiella oxytoca and polymicrobial infection in peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.		2004	15119645
citrobacter koseri and citrobacter amalonaticus isolates carry highly divergent beta-lactamase genes despite having high levels of biochemical similarity and 16s rrna sequence homology.	isolates previously identified as citrobacter diversus are now known as citrobacter koseri. we measured sequence variation at the beta-lactamase structural gene among a group of clinical isolates originally identified as c. diversus by api 20e profiling.	2004	15128725
comparison of the double-disk, combined disk, and etest methods for detecting metallo-beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacilli.	three phenotypic methods for detecting metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls) in gram-negative bacilli were tested on 60 mbl producers and 155 mbl nonproducers. the 2-mercaptopropionic acid double-disk potentiation method using ceftazidime and cefepime with and without clavulanate was found to be most sensitive (100%). the combined disk method depends on comparing the zones given by disks containing a beta-lactam with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. various drug combinations were tested, an ...	2004	15135493
detection of bacterial dna in painful degenerated spinal discs in patients without signs of clinical infection.	a local inflammatory and potentially painful response, of which the ultimate cause is unknown, has been described in nervous tissues in contact with degenerated disc material in patients with low back and leg pain. with the rationale that a possible cause of such inflammation could be bacterial infection, we utilized pcr (polymerase chain reaction) amplification of the 16s rrna (ribosomal rna) gene followed by gene sequencing, to investigate whether bacterial dna might be detected in the degener ...	2004	15138861
plasmid-encoded functions compensate for the biological cost of ampc overexpression in a clinical isolate of salmonella typhimurium.	in a previous study with a salmonella typhimurium strain containing cloned ampc-ampr from enterobacter cloacae, it was suggested that ampc expression must be kept at low levels by ampr to maintain normal growth and virulent phenotype. the purpose of this study was to determine whether findings obtained with a laboratory model can be extended to a virulent clinical isolate of s. typhimurium expressing the plasmid-encoded bla(cmy-7).	2004	15140855
clearance of citrobacter rodentium requires b cells but not secretory immunoglobulin a (iga) or igm antibodies.	citrobacter rodentium, a murine model pathogen for human enteropathogenic escherichia coli, predominantly colonizes the lumen and mucosal surface of the colon and cecum and causes crypt hyperplasia and mucosal inflammation. mice infected with c. rodentium develop a secretory immunoglobulin a (iga) response, but the role of b cells or secretory antibodies in host defense is unknown. to address this question, we conducted oral c. rodentium infections in mice lacking b cells, iga, secreted igm, pol ...	2004	15155635
isolation and characterization of citrobacter strain hpc255 for broad-range substrate specificity for chlorophenols.	this study aims at development of an approach for selection of strain, which has capability for oxidation of broad-range of chloro-substitute phenols. a multiplex pcr was optimized targeting loci involved in phenol and chlorophenol degradation, which was used to select activated sludge samples and also to assess the degradative genotype of isolates. the isolated strains were screened on the basis of rapd analysis. in parallel, physiological experiments were carried out with activated sludge samp ...	2004	15170236
intimin types alpha, beta, and gamma bind to nucleolin with equivalent affinity but lower avidity than to the translocated intimin receptor.	the outer membrane adhesins of enteropathogenic escherichia coli, citrobacter rodentium, and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) o157:h7 that mediate attach and efface intestinal lesions are classified as intimin alpha, beta, and gamma, respectively. each of these intimin types binds to its cognate, bacterially encoded receptor (called tir for translocated intimin receptor) to promote tight adherence of the organism to the host-cell plasma membrane. we previously reported that gamma intimin of ehec ...	2004	15173179
intracerebral abscess in children: historical trends at children's hospital boston.	a previous study performed at children's hospital boston describing the natural history of intracerebral abscess between 1945 and 1980 demonstrated a decline in mortality after 1970. this current study examines the occurrence of intracerebral abscess at children's hospital boston between 1981 and 2000, inclusive, and compares the results with the previous study. our objectives were to determine whether there had been a change in the predisposing factors, whether there were changes in the microbi ...	2004	15173504
[bact-alert automatized system for blood cultures: 5 vs 7 days of incubation. first argentine multicentre study].	bact-alert automatized system for blood cultures: 5 vs 7 days of incubation. first argentine multicentre study. between january and december 2001, we analyzed 80,141 blood cultures by the bact-alert system (14,960 fan aerobics, 3,855 fan anaerobic, 11,114 standards aerobics, 11,367 standards anaerobic, 12,054 pediatrics and 26,791 fan pediatrics bottles) and 44.235 series from 27.615 patients at eight hospitals of buenos aires city, one of la plata city and three of the buenos aires province. a ...	2004	15174746
initiation and resolution of mucosal inflammation.	antigens entering the body through the mucosal surface are screened by a highly developed immune system comprised not only of traditional lymphoid cells but also epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and antigen-presenting cells (apcs). for example, in the intestinal tract, gut-associated lymphoid tissue (galt) is tolerant to the approx 400 separate commensal strains residing mainly in the colon, but also retains the capacity to detect and remove virulent bacteria before they infect systemically. this ...	2004	15181286
pneumocephalus in neonatal meningitis: diffuse, necrotizing meningo-encephalitis in citrobacter meningitis presenting with pneumatosis oculi and pneumocephalus.	objective/patient: gas-containing encephalitis is rarely associated with neonatal meningitis. we report a case of a 19-day-old baby who presented with a rapid onset of septic shock complicated by progressively increasing gas accumulation within the brain and anterior chamber of the eye. we describe the evolution of the clinical picture and the management.	2004	15215013
resistance rates to commonly used antimicrobials among pathogens of both bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection.	this study examined the distribution of organisms and their antimicrobial resistance in patients admitted due to acute bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection (uti). during a period of 1 year and 1 month, a total of 201 patients and 253 bacterial isolates were studied. fever higher than 38.5 degrees c was significantly more common in the bacteremic group than the non-bacteremic group (68% vs 48%; p<0.05). escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aerug ...	2004	15221039
antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens and rationale for empirical intravenous therapy.	empirical antibiotic treatment in urinary tract infection (uti) in children must rely on surveillance data on the epidemiology and resistance patterns of common uropathogens. a retrospective analysis of bacteria isolated from children with uti irrespective of underlying disease or pre-treatment was performed at the university hospital of freiburg, germany, in 1997, and from 1999 to 2001. in the first study period, 261 positive urine samples and in the second period 684 positive samples were anal ...	2004	15221429
neonatal neutropenia and bacterial sepsis associated with placental transfer of maternal neutrophil-specific autoantibodies.	passively acquired neonatal neutropenia is an infrequently reported complication of maternal autoimmune neutropenia (ain). two affected siblings are described. the firstborn developed citrobacter meningitis and was permanently disabled. the second was success-fully managed with pre- and postnatal injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhug-csf).	2004	15225245
accelerating bacterial identification by infrared spectroscopy by employing microarray deposition of microorganisms.	a microarray method for the deposition of bacteria onto an agar slide was developed to accelerate the formation of microcolonies. representative microarrays each consisting of 40 micro-spots of five replicates of eight foodborne bacteria (yersinia enterocolitica, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, and escherichia coli) were printed on a brain heart infusion (bhi) agar slide using a contact micr ...	2004	15992277
mutational analysis of the catalytic centre of the citrobacter freundii ampd n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase.	citrobacter freundii ampd is an intracellular 1,6-anhydro-n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase involved in both peptidoglycan recycling and beta-lactamase induction. ampd exhibits a strict specificity for 1,6-anhydromuropeptides and requires zinc for enzymic activity. the ampd three-dimensional structure exhibits a fold similar to that of another zn2+ n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase, the t7 lysozyme, and these two enzymes define a new family of zn-amidases which can be related to the eukaryotic p ...	2004	14507260
the use of molecular typing to evaluate the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative rods in brazilian hospitals.	antimicrobial resistance has increased rapidly in brazil and worldwide during the past few years, giving rise to a growing necessity for antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs. these programs have been instituted in order to monitor bacterial resistance in various regions, and to guide empirical antimicrobial therapy. we evaluated the use of molecular typing in multicenter surveillance programs. we also studied the dissemination modes of selected resistance profiles. antimicrobial suscep ...	2004	14636474
fulminant citrobacter meningitis with multiple periventricular abscesses in a three-month-old infant.	citrobacter, a gram-negative enteric bacillus, is a rare cause of septicemia and meningitis, seldom reported beyond the neonatal period. it is characterized by a fulminant clinical course and a high incidence of complications, including brain abscesses. we studied a three-month-old infant with citrobacter meningitis, who developed acute communicating hydrocephalus and multiple periventricular brain abscesses while on treatment. the patient died, despite intensive antibiotic treatment directed to ...	2004	14636485
regulation of rna polymerase promoter selectivity by covalent modification of dna.	expression of genes encoding type ii restriction/modification (r/m) systems, which are widely spread in eubacteria, must be tightly regulated to ensure that host dna is protected from restriction endonucleases at all times. examples of coordinated expression of r/m genes that rely on the action of regulatory factors or the ability of methyl transferases to repress their own synthesis by interacting with the promoter dna have been described. here, we characterize the molecular mechanism of factor ...	2004	14659743
hydrolysis of third-generation cephalosporins by class c beta-lactamases. structures of a transition state analog of cefotoxamine in wild-type and extended spectrum enzymes.	bacterial resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins is an issue of great concern in current antibiotic therapeutics. an important source of this resistance is from production of extended-spectrum (es) beta-lactamases by bacteria. the enterobacter cloacae gc1 enzyme is an example of a class c es beta-lactamase. unlike wild-type (wt) forms, such as the e. cloacae p99 and citrobacter freundii enzymes, the es gc1 beta-lactamase is able to rapidly hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins suc ...	2004	14660590
evaluation of novel beta-ribosidase substrates for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria.	to synthesize novel substrates for the detection of beta-ribosidase and assess their potential for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria.	2004	14678171
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction study of the class a beta-lactamase sed-1 and its mutant sed-g238c from citrobacter sedlakii.	sed-1, a class a beta-lactamase from citrobacter sedlakii, is a ctx-m-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that has the ability to hydrolyze expanded-spectrum cephalosporins such as cefotaxime. sed-1 and a sed mutant in which gly238 has been replaced by a cysteine, forming a disulfide bridge with the other cys residue located at position 69 (sed-g238c), have been crystallized. the crystals belong to the monoclinic space group c2, with unit-cell parameters a = 188.09, b = 73.65, c = 105.41 a, be ...	2004	14684905
critical role of t cell-dependent serum antibody, but not the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, for surviving acute mucosal infection with citrobacter rodentium, an attaching and effacing pathogen.	citrobacter rodentium uses virulence factors similar to the enteropathogenic escherichia coli to produce attaching and effacing lesions in the distal colon of mice. we used this infection model to determine components of adaptive immunity needed to survive infection. during acute infection, wild-type mice develop breaks across infected epithelial surfaces but resolve infection. surprisingly, mice markedly deficient in mucosal lymphocyte populations from beta(7) integrin deficiency resolve infect ...	2004	14688352
utilization of aminoaromatic acids by a methanogenic enrichment culture and by a novel citrobacter freundii strain.	following incubation of mesophilic methanogenic floccular sludge from a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor used to treat cattle manure wastewater, a stable 5-aminosalicylate-degrading enrichment culture was obtained. subsequently, a citrobacter freundii strain, wa1, was isolated from the 5-aminosalicylate-degrading methanogenic consortium. the methanogenic enrichment culture degraded 5-aminosalicylate completely to ch4, co2 and nh4+, while c. freundii strain wa1 reduced 5-aminosalicyl ...	2004	14716473
the composition and persistence of faecal coliforms and enterococcal populations in sewage treatment plants.	the changes in structure and composition of faecal coliforms and enterococcal populations in sewage from different treatment plants, and the elimination of vancomycin- and erythromycin-resistant enterococci (vre and ere, respectively) in these treatment plants was analysed to determine any selective reduction.	2004	14723689
results from the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) programme: report of the 2001 data from 15 united states medical centres.	the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) programme is an international surveillance network of more than 100 medical centres where meropenem is the primary therapeutic carbapenem. institutions have been monitored since 1997 (1999 in united states (us)) using national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) reference susceptibility methods to monitor in vitro activity of meropenem and selected other broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. in 2001, a total ...	2004	14732314
yersiniabactin and other siderophores produced by clinical isolates of enterobacter spp. and citrobacter spp.	we analyzed the ability of extraintestinal strains of enterobacter spp. and citrobacter spp. to employ different siderophore-mediated strategies of iron acquisition. all strains produced iron-chelating compounds. cross-feeding assays indicated that most isolates of both enterobacter spp. and citrobacter spp. excreted catecholate siderophore enterobactin, less produced aerobactin, and single strains excreted hydroxamates different from aerobactin. besides, we analyzed if the strains had the abili ...	2004	14734186
isolation of citrobacter murliniae from clinically ill and dead quail, ducks and chickens.		2004	14765902
a sequential study of serum bacterial dna in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites.	bacterial translocation is currently considered the main pathogenic mechanism leading to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites. however, to the authors' knowledge there is no information regarding the characteristics of this process in humans. the goals of the current study were to pursue partially identified bacterial dna in blood (what the authors consider molecular evidence of bacterial translocation) through its relative quantification in a 72-hour ...	2004	14768002
stereoselective reductase-catalysed deoxygenation of sulfoxides in aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.	direct and indirect evidence, of unexpected stereoselective reductase-catalysed deoxygenations of sulfoxides, was found. the deoxygenations proceeded simultaneously, with the expected dioxygenase-catalysed asymmetric sulfoxidation of sulfides, during some biotransformations with the aerobic bacterium pseudomonas putida uv4. stereoselective reductase-catalysed asymmetric deoxygenation of racemic alkylaryl, dialkyl and phenolic sulfoxides was observed, without evidence of the reverse sulfoxidation ...	2004	14770234
structure of the o-polysaccharide of citrobacter youngae o1 containing an alpha-d-ribofuranosyl group.	the lipopolysaccharide of citrobacter youngae o1, strain pcm 1492 was degraded with acid or alkali under mild conditions, and the resultant polysaccharide was isolated by gpc and studied by sugar and methylation analyses and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopies, including 2d cosy, tocsy, noesy and 1h, 13c hsqc experiments. the following structure of the branched tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the o-polysaccharide was established: [structure: see text] where substitution with the alpha-d-ribf group i ...	2004	14698890
epididymitis after prostate brachytherapy.	to analyze the incidence, time-course, and potential predisposing factors for what was clinically diagnosed as postimplant epididymitis.	2004	14972474
[nosocomial infections in a general surgical ward].	according to the national nosocomial infection surveillance system we analysed the post-surgical nosocomial infections in a surgery ward of perugia university. between may 2000 and april 2001, 677 patients were enrolled mean age 51.5 years: 355 (52%) male, 462 (68%) asa score 1, "clean" surgery in 355 cases (52%), cephazolin prophylaxis in 256 (38%); 11 (2%) patients deceased perioperatively. a total of 37 nosocomial infections, in 33 patients, were detected: 18 pneumonia (48.6%), 10 surgical si ...	2004	15032335
etiology and susceptibility of urinary tract isolates in kosova.	urinary tract infections are amongst the most common pathogenic infections with an increasing resistance to antimicrobials. the objective of this study was to determine the etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infection pathogens isolated in kosovo. a retrospective study was carried from urine samples of both inpatients and outpatients that were received in our laboratory throughout 2001. during the study period, 16500 urine samples were analysed, of which 4260 (25 ...	2004	15037322
identification of a novel citrobacter rodentium type iii secreted protein, espi, and roles of this and other secreted proteins in infection.	citrobacter rodentium is a member of a group of pathogens that colonize the lumen of the host gastrointestinal tract via attaching and effacing (a/e) lesion formation. c. rodentium, which causes transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice, is used as an in vivo model system for the clinically significant a/e pathogens enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic escherichia coli. these bacteria all contain a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee), which encodes a type iii s ...	2004	15039354
tyrosine phenol-lyase and tryptophan indole-lyase encapsulated in wet nanoporous silica gels: selective stabilization of tertiary conformations.	the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes tyrosine phenol-lyase and tryptophan indole-lyase were encapsulated in wet nanoporous silica gels, a powerful method to selectively stabilize tertiary and quaternary protein conformations and to develop bioreactors and biosensors. a comparison of the enzyme reactivity in silica gels and in solution was carried out by determining equilibrium and kinetic parameters, exploiting the distinct spectral properties of catalytic intermediates and reaction prod ...	2004	15044726
dna based classification of food associated enterobacteriaceae previously identified by biolog gn microplates.	enterobacteriaceae are frequently isolated from food products and it is essential to have methods for correct identification for both food hygiene and epidemiology reasons. phenotypic methods are not always sufficient and have to be supplemented by dna based methods. in the present study, 70 strains of enterobacteriaceae derived from milk, fish and meat that had previously been identified by biolog gn microplates were genomically classified together with 15 representative type strains of species ...	2004	15046311
[plasticity of bacterial genomes: pathogenicity islands and the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee)].	many bacterial virulence attributes, like toxins, adhesins, invasins, iron uptake systems, are encoded within specific regions of the bacterial genome. these in size varying regions are termed pathogenicity islands (pais) since they confer pathogenic properties to the respective micro-organism. per definition pais are exclusively found in pathogenic strains and are often inserted near transfer-rna genes. nevertheless, non-pathogenic bacteria also possess foreign dna elements that confer advantag ...	2004	15046458
cfe-1, a novel plasmid-encoded ampc beta-lactamase with an ampr gene originating from citrobacter freundii.	a clinical isolate of escherichia coli from a patient in japan, isolate ku6400, was found to produce a plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase that conferred resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins. resistance arising from production of a beta-lactamase could be transferred by either conjugation or transformation with plasmid pku601 into e. coli ml4947. the substrate and inhibition profiles of this enzyme resembled those of the ampc beta-lactamase. the resistance gene of pku601, wh ...	2004	15047515
comparative activities of doripenem versus isolates, mutants, and transconjugants of enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter spp. with characterized beta-lactamases.	doripenem (s-4661), a new parenteral carbapenem, was tested against over 250 clinical isolates, mutants, and transconjugants of enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter spp., selected or derived for their beta-lactamase expression characteristics. imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem were tested as comparators, along with cephalosporins and piperacillin-tazobactam, by using national committee for clinical laboratory standards agar dilution methodology. doripenem mics were from 0.03 to 0.25 microg/ml f ...	2004	15047535
subdural empyema and cerebellar abscess due to chronic otitis media.	the infratentorial variety of the subdural empyema, with or without coexisting cerebellar abscess, is a rare clinical entity that carries a high mortality rate. we briefly describe the case of a 49-year-old man presented with severe debility, fever and an obviously neglected chronic otitis media. the patient had refused surgical treatment several months ago. after admission, his level of consciousness began to deteriorate, and the radiological studies showed infratentorial subdural suppuration e ...	2004	15055872
multienzyme system for dihydroxyacetone phosphate-dependent aldolase catalyzed c-c bond formation from dihydroxyacetone.	a multienzyme system composed by recombinant dihydroxyacetone kinase from citrobacter freundii, fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase and acetate kinase, allows a practical one-pot c-c bond formation catalysed by dihydroxyacetone phosphate-dependent aldolases from dihydroxyacetone and an aldehyde.	2004	15263954
protective role of arginase in a mouse model of colitis.	arginase is the endogenous inhibitor of inducible no synthase (inos), because both enzymes use the same substrate, l-arginine (arg). importantly, arginase synthesizes ornithine, which is metabolized by the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (odc) to produce polyamines. we investigated the role of these enzymes in the citrobacter rodentium model of colitis. arginase i, inos, and odc were induced in the colon during the infection, while arginase ii was not up-regulated. l-arg supplementation of wild-t ...	2004	15265947
isolation of citrobacter sp. mutants defective in decolorizing malachite green.	to identify genes involved in the decolorization of malachite green, random mutants generated by transposon insertion in the malachite green-decolorizing bacterium, citrobacter sp. were isolated. the resulting mutant bank yielded 24 mutants with complete defects in their abilities to decolorize malachite green. southern hybridization with a tn5 fragment as a probe showed a single hybridized band in 7 mutants, which appeared to have insertions at different sites of the chromosome. the tn5-inserte ...	2004	15266605
an improved pcr primer pair based on 16s rdna for the specific detection of salmonella serovars in food samples.	salmonella serovars are some of the major bacterial pathogens that can cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of foodborne illness. based on the sequence data in the v3 region of the 16s rrna gene, two pcr primer pairs have been designed for the detection of all serovars of salmonella. however, none of these primers were specific for salmonella because complete sequence homology with certain non-salmonella strains has been found within each of them. thus, the specificities of these two primer pairs ...	2004	15270483
incidence of enteric bacteria and staphylococcus aureus in day care centers in akwa ibom state, nigeria.	the incidence of enteric bacteria and staphylococcus aureus in four day care centers in akwa ibom state was studied using culture techniques. the percentage frequencies of the isolates from 124 samples were staphylococcus aureus (33.9), escherichia coli (19.0), klebsiella sp (14.4), citrobacter sp (12.5) and proteus mirabilis (7.4). the sources of contamination were floors, chairs, skin, bed linen, door handles, fans, children's tables, walls, windows, ceiling, headmistress's table and chairs, d ...	2004	15272770
cmy-13, a novel inducible cephalosporinase encoded by an escherichia coli plasmid.	an incn plasmid (p541) from escherichia coli carried a citrobacter freundii-derived sequence of 4,252 bp which included an ampc-ampr region and was bound by two directly repeated is26 elements. ampc encoded a novel cephalosporinase (cmy-13) with activity similar to that of cmy-2. ampr was likely functional as indicated in induction experiments.	2004	15273143
three cases of post-traumatic endophthalmitis caused by unusual bacteria.	three cases of post-traumatic endophthalmitis caused by unusual bacteria are presented. the pathogens identified were: (i) bacillus cereus and citrobacter freundii; (ii) pseudomonas fluorescens; and (iii) chryseobacterium meningosepticum and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. two of these pathogens have not previously been reported to cause endophthalmitis. the available literature regarding the individual cases is summarized and a brief discussion of post-traumatic endophthalmitis is presented, with ...	2004	15281988
frequency and diversity of class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in hospitals of the auvergne, france: a 2 year prospective study.	to evaluate the frequency and diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) produced by enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa in one french region.	2004	15282240
predominance and genetic diversity of community- and hospital-acquired ctx-m extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in york, uk.	this study was conducted to detect the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae within the faecal flora of both community- and hospital-based patients in york and to characterize the bla(tem), bla(shv) and bla(ctx-m) genes present in these isolates.	2004	15294889
molecular epidemiology of enterobacteriaceae isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a french hospital.	in 2002, 80 isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) were collected from infected patients in our hospital. enterobacter aerogenes was the most common bacterium isolated from all specimens (36.5%). the esbls were predominantly (90%) tem derivatives (tem-24, tem-3). pulsed-field gel electrophoresis highlighted that e. aerogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, and citrobacter koseri had a clonal propagation.	2004	15297534
treatment of dairy wastewater using a selected bacterial isolate, alcaligenes sp. mmrr7.	physicochemical and biologic analysis of dairy wastewater showed that the effluent had a high organic load (chemical oxygen demand [cod]: 5095 mg/l), an acidic ph (6.4), and a high probability of coliforms (most probable number [mpn] >1100). the various bacterial strains isolated and purified were identified as sporolactobacillus sp., citrobacter sp., pseudomonas sp., alcaligenes sp., bacillus sp., staphylococcus sp., and proteus sp., as per the bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. among ...	2004	15304739
[incidence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteria in the area of caltagirone (sicily)].	the authors report the incidence of extended spectrum b-lactamases (esbl)- producing strains in 1,602 enterobacteria consecutively isolated, from april 2002 to december 2003, in caltagirone (ct) hospital, and their in vitro susceptibility to several antimicrobial agents. the incidence of esbl-producing enterobacteria was equal to 1.5%, mainly among escherichia coli, klebsiella spp and citrobacter koseri, isolated by emergency and medicine wards. in vitro, the enterobacteria were fully susceptibl ...	2004	15316296
colonization by aerobic bacteria in karst: laboratory and in situ experiments.	experiments were carried out to investigate the potential for bacterial colonization of different substrates in karst aquifers and the nature of the colonizing bacteria. laboratory batch experiments were performed using limestone and pvc as substrates, a natural bacterial isolate and a known laboratory strain (escherichia coli [e. coli]) as inocula, and karst ground water and a synthetic formula as growth media. in parallel, fragments of limestone and granite were submerged in boreholes penetrat ...	2004	15318775
ssek1 and ssek2 are novel translocated proteins of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	salmonella enterica is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes disease symptoms ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. a key virulence strategy is the translocation of bacterial effector proteins into the host cell, mediated by the type iii secretion systems (ttsss) encoded in salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) and spi-2. in s. enterica serovar typhimurium lt2, we identified the protein products of stm4157 and stm2137 as novel candidate secreted proteins by ...	2004	15322005
a salmonella fim homologue in citrobacter freundii mediates invasion in vitro and crossing of the blood-brain barrier in the rat pup model.	from the invasive citrobacter freundii strain 3009, an invasion determinant was cloned, sequenced, and expressed. sequence analysis of the determinant showed high homology with the fim determinant from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the genes of the invasion determinant directed invasion of recombinant escherichia coli k-12 strains into human epithelial cell lines of the bladder and gut as well as mannose-sensitive yeast agglutination and were termed fim(cf) genes. expression of the fi ...	2004	15322026
isolation and characterisation of bacterial strains containing enantioselective dmso reductase activity: application to the kinetic resolution of racemic sulfoxides.	the kinetic resolution of racemic sulfoxides by dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) reductases was investigated with a range of microorganisms. three bacterial isolates (provisionally identified as citrobacter braakii, klebsiella sp. and serratia sp.) expressing dmso reductase activity were isolated from environmental samples by anaerobic enrichment with dmso as terminal electron acceptor. the organisms reduced a diverse range of racemic sulfoxides to yield either residual enantiomer depending upon the st ...	2004	15322772
a small outbreak of third generation cephem-resistant citrobacter freundii infection on a surgical ward.		2004	15329453
organ specificity, colonization and clearance dynamics in vivo following oral challenges with the murine pathogen citrobacter rodentium.	citrobacter rodentium belongs to a family of human and animal enteric pathogens that includes the clinically significant enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and enteropathogenic e. coli (epec). these pathogens use attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions to colonize the host gastrointestinal tract. in this study we have used bioluminescence imaging (bli) to investigate the organ specificity, dynamics of colonization and clearance of mice by c. rodentium in situ and in real time. the biolumine ...	2004	15339271
isolation of citrobacter sp. mutants defective in decolorization of brilliant green by transposon mutagenesis.	to identify genes involved in the decolorization of brilliant green, we isolated random mutants generated by transposon insertion in brilliant green-decolorizing bacterium, citrobacter sp. the resulting mutant bank yielded 19 mutants with a complete defect in terms of the brilliant green color removing ability. southern hybridization with a tn5 fragment as a probe showed a single hybridized band in 7 mutants and these mutants appeared to have insertions at different sites of the chromosome. tn5- ...	2004	15357308
digestive pathology of sea turtles stranded in the canary islands between 1993 and 2001.	digestive lesions were observed in 84 of 136 sea turtles (128 caretta caretta, four chelonia mydas and four dermochelys coriacea) stranded in the canary islands between january 1993 and december 2001. in the oral cavity ulcerative and necropurulent stomatitis were the most frequently observed lesions, and in the oesophagus ulcerative and fibrinous oesophagitis, and traumatic oesophageal perforation were most frequently observed; all these lesions were mainly associated with the ingestion of fish ...	2004	15357377
newer carbapenems for urinary tract infections.	four carbapenems have been available clinically in japan. these are imipenem/cilastatin (imip/cs) and panipenem/ betamipron (pani/bp) of the older compounds and newer carbapenems such as biapem (biap) and meropenem (mero). the latter compounds are relatively stable to dehydropeptidase-1 (dhp-1) and have been reported to have higher antimicrobial activities compared to the earlier carbapenems. the antimicrobial activity of these four carbapenems against fresh urinary isolates showed high activiti ...	2004	15364304
a selective differential medium for enterobacter sakazakii, a preliminary study.	enterobacter sakazakii can cause fatal invasive infection of neonates associated with the presence of this organism in powdered infant milk formula. a new chromogenic medium (druggan-forsythe-iversen agar, dfi) is described for the selective detection of this emergent pathogen. the medium is based on the alpha-glucosidase reaction which is detected using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-alpha,d-glucopyranoside (xalphaglc). ent. sakazakii hydrolyses this substrate to an indigo pigment, producing blue-g ...	2004	15364468
improved laboratory diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies using pcr and ribosomal rna sequence analysis.	during october 1999 to november 2000, 98 blood culture specimens from the same number of febrile episodes originating from 49 patients with hematological malignancies were examined for the presence of eubacteria and fungi based on 16s rrna gene and the 5.8, 18 and 28s rrna combined with in vitro pcr amplification and sequencing, in addition to conventional blood culture laboratory techniques. nineteen of the samples were associated with positive blood cultures. eubacterial (16s rrna) pcr detecte ...	2004	15370218
relationships of the escherichia coli o157, o111, and o55 o-antigen gene clusters with those of salmonella enterica and citrobacter freundii, which express identical o antigens.	escherichia coli o157, salmonella enterica o30, and citrobacter freundii f90 have identical o-antigen structures, as do e. coli o55 and s. enterica o50. the o-antigen gene cluster sequences for e. coli o157 and e. coli o55 have been published, and the genes necessary for o-antigen biosynthesis have been identified, although transferase genes for glycosidic linkages are only generic and have not been allocated to specific linkages. we determined sequences for s. enterica o30 and c. freundii f90 o ...	2004	15375135
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2002). i. susceptibility distribution].	the bacterial strains isolated from 491 patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (utis) in 13 institutions in japan were supplied between august 2002 and july 2003. the susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. of them, 578 strains were estimated as causative bacteria and used for the investigation. the number of them was 578 strains consisting of 177 gram-positive bacterial strains (30.6%) and 401 gram-negative bacterial strains (69.4%). agai ...	2004	15376785
changes in the organisms of resistant peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.	peritonitis is one of the most serious complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). approximately 20% of peritonitis infections have been reported to be resistant to initial therapy, either failing to resolve with appropriate antibiotics or relapsing within 2 weeks of antibiotic discontinuation. to investigate the current situation with regard to resistant peritonitis, we retrospectively examined the incidence and the organisms of resistant peritonitis in our unit over a pe ...	2004	15384795
bacterial infection and tissue-specific hsp72, -73 and -90 expression in western painted turtles.	heat shock proteins (hsps) are molecular chaperones that assist intracellular folding, assembly and translocation of proteins in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. a variety of stresses including hyperthermia, radiation, heavy metals, ischemia, anoxia and reoxygenation have been shown to increase the expression of hsps. likewise, bacterial infection represents a stress for the host cell. in this study, expression of the constitutive (hsp73) and inducible (hsp72) isoforms of hsp70 and hsp90 was mo ...	2004	15450861
citrobacter koseri infection and abscess associated with harrington rods.		2004	15454901
macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characterisation of spontaneous colitis in a transgenic mouse, deficient in the multiple drug resistance 1a gene.	1 a novel animal model of spontaneous colonic inflammation, the multiple drug-resistant (mdr1) a(-/-) mouse, was identified by panwala and colleagues in 1998. the aim of our study was to further characterise this model, specifically by measuring cytokines that have been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) (il-8 and ifn-gamma) in the colon/rectum of mdr1a(-/-) mice, and by determining the sensitivity of these, together with the macroscopic, microscopic and disease signs of colitis, to ...	2004	15466445
impaired immunity to intestinal bacterial infection in stromelysin-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-3)-deficient mice.	infection of mice with the intestinal bacterial pathogen citrobacter rodentium results in colonic mucosal hyperplasia and a local th1 inflammatory response similar to that seen in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) have been shown to mediate matrix remodeling and cell migration during tissue injury and repair in the intestine. we have previously shown enhanced pathology in infected tnfrp55-/-, il-12p40-/-, and ifn-gamma-/- mice, and here we show that thi ...	2004	15470062
correlation of extended spectrum beta lactamases production with cephalosporin resistance in gram negative bacilli.	beta lactamase production is an important mechanism of developing resistance to beta lactam group of antibiotics. cephlosporins with extended spectrum of activity and stability were introduced to overcome this resistance, but soon production of extended spectrum beta lactamases (esbls), which are inducible in nature was reported. in this study klebsiella aerogenes--166, escherichia coli--120, citrobacter spps--116, pseudomonas spps--50, proteus spps--32 and s. typhi--16, strains were subjected t ...	2004	15471144
digestion of cellulose and xylan by symbiotic bacteria in the intestine of the indian flying fox (pteropus giganteus).	bats (order chiroptera) are a widely distributed group of mammals. pteropus giganteus belongs to the suborder megachiroptera. this bat consumes fruits and leaves as their major food. cellulose and xylan are the major composition of leaves. as they consume leaves in their diet, their digestive tract must contain cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria which help in the digestion of cellulose and xylan. the cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria were isolated and screened on berg's agar containing ce ...	2004	15471682
evaluation of the microscan esbl plus confirmation panel for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria.	we aimed to assess the performance of the microscan esbl plus confirmation panel using a series of 87 oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacilli of various species.	2004	15471997
phosphoenolpyruvate- and atp-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinases: covalent substrate-binding and kinetic mechanism.	dihydroxyacetone (dha) kinases are a sequence-conserved family of enzymes, which utilize two different phosphoryldonors, atp in animals, plants, and some bacteria, and a multiphosphoprotein of the phosphoenolpyruvate carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (pts) in most bacteria. here, we compare the pts-dependent kinase of escherichia coli and the atp-dependent kinase of citrobacter freundii. they display 30% sequence identity. the binding constants of the e. coli kinase for eleven short-chain c ...	2004	15476397
[rapid diagnosis of common pathogenic bacteria infection in newborn infants by 16srdna oligonucleotide array].	the rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria is important for earlier effective patient management and antimicrobial therapy, especially for the infant patient, whose immunological system is not fully developed. however conventional microbiogical techniques of bacterial identification, culture and isolation of pathogenic bacteria, identification by biochemistry and serological assay, are time-consuming and require intensive labor. on the basis of special gene sequence, pcr provides simple and ...	2004	15482667
shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages--genomes in motion.	shiga toxins (stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins that are involved in human and animal disease. stx are mainly produced by escherichia coli isolated from human and non-human sources, shigella dysenteriae type 1, and sporadically, by citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and shigella flexneri. the genes encoding stx are encoded in the genome of heterogeneous lambdoid prophages (stx-converting bacteriophages; stx-phages). they are located in a similar position in the late region of th ...	2004	15493821
investigation of the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens causing nosocomial infections.	the aim of this study is to determine the resistance patterns of bacteria causing nosocomial infections. the outcome of this resistance was followed for 3 years.	2004	15494811
[effects of splenectomy on peritonitis produced by a colonic injury: study in rats].	study the effects of splenectomy on the intra-abdominal infection by bowel flora, consequent to a colonic injury in wistar rats.	2004	15499477
four variants of the citrobacter freundii ampc-type cephalosporinases, including novel enzymes cmy-14 and cmy-15, in a proteus mirabilis clone widespread in poland.	twenty-nine proteus mirabilis isolates from 17 polish hospitals were analyzed. the isolates were resistant to a variety of antimicrobials, and their patterns of resistance to beta-lactams resembled those of the constitutive class c cephalosporinase (ampc) producers. indeed, beta-lactamases with a pi of approximately 9.0 were found in all of the isolates, and they were subsequently identified as four ampc-type cephalosporinases, cmy-4, -12, -14, and -15, of which the two last ones were novel enzy ...	2004	15504832
community-onset disease caused by citrobacter freundii producing a novel ctx-m beta-lactamase, ctx-m-30, in canada.	strains of citrobacter freundii intermediate to cefotaxime but sensitive to ceftazidime were isolated from four different patients in canada. sequencing of pcr products by use of ctx-m-specific primers revealed a new combination of four amino acid substitutions. this new gene was designated bla(ctx-m-30) and was encoded on a 3-kb plasmid. the pi of ctx-m-30 was 8.0.	2004	15504875
detection of ticarcillin-clavulonic acid susceptibility with microdilution method in citrobacter, hafnia, proteus and some gram negative bacteria.	the broth dilution method has been regarded as a good alternative test for detection of susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. in this study, the antimicrobial activity of ticarcillin-clavulonic acid (tim) was investigated by the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) method on strains of aeromonas, citrobacter, hafnia, morganella, proteus, pseudomonas and gram negative bacteria isolated from raw milk. the isolate collection included 91 gram negative strains. fifty-one (56.04%) isolates were ...	2004	15508433
the lymphotoxin-beta receptor is critical for control of murine citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis.	lymphotoxin is a tumor necrosis factor-family cytokine. blocking of lymphotoxin alpha 1 beta 2 /lymphotoxin-beta receptor interactions prevents experimental colitis in mice, and this suggests a potential treatment principle of human inflammatory bowel disease. infection of mice with citrobacter rodentium serves as an animal model for human infectious colitis induced by enteropathogenic escherichia coli . we studied the role of lymphotoxin alpha 1 beta 2 /lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling in ci ...	2004	15521015
antimicrobial effect of water extract of sumac (rhus coriaria l.) on the growth of some food borne bacteria including pathogens.	the antimicrobial effect of water extracts of sumac (rhus coriaria l.) at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% (w/v), non-neutralized and after neutralization to ph 7.2+/-0.1, was studied on the growth of 12 bacterial strains (six gram positive strains and six gram negative strains), mostly food borne including pathogens. it was found to be effective against all the test organisms with gram positive strains being more sensitive than gram negative strains. significant differences (p< ...	2004	15527919
metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli: laboratory-based surveillance in cooperation with 13 clinical laboratories in the kinki region of japan.	a total of 19,753 strains of gram-negative rods collected during two 6-month periods (october 2000 to march 2001 and november 2001 to april 2002) from 13 clinical laboratories in the kinki region of japan were investigated for the production of metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls). mbls were detected in 96 (0.5%) of the 19,753 isolates by the broth microdilution method, the 2-mercaptopropionic acid inhibition test, and pcr and dna sequencing analyses. mbl-positive isolates were detected in 9 of 13 lab ...	2004	15528723
identification and phylogeny of enterobacter sakazakii relative to enterobacter and citrobacter species.	the phylogenetic relationships of enterobacter sakazakii strains were investigated using 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) and hsp60 sequencing. each analysis distributed e. sakazakii strains among four clusters, indicating substantial taxonomic heterogeneity. the e. sakazakii type strain 16s rdna sequence was 97.8% similar to that of citrobacter koseri but 97.0% similar to that of enterobacter cloacae.	2004	15528745
role of lysine-256 in citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase in monovalent cation activation.	tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) from citrobacter freundii is dependent on monovalent cations, k(+) or nh(4)(+), for high activity. we have shown previously that glu-69, which is a ligand to the bound cation, is important in monovalent cation binding and activation [sundararaju, b., chen, h., shillcutt, s., and phillips, r. s. (2000) biochemistry 39, 8546-8555]. lys-256 is located in the monovalent cation binding site of tpl, where it forms a hydrogen bond with a structural water bound to the cation. ...	2004	15533046
sanitary and bacteriological aspects of sewage treatment.	a study into the removal of contamination load and indicator bacteria was carried out in 1992-1996 in the mechanical, biological and chemical waste-water treatment plant wtp in lezany, in the county of reszel, in the province of warmia and mazury in poland. the results of chemical analyses found a high efficiency of removal of carbon compounds, cod (90%) and bod (98%), in the process of purification of household sewage. in addition, a high effectiveness of total nitrogen, on average 71%, and uns ...	2003	15058814
[etiology of cervical vaginal infection among patients of the juárez hospital of mexico].	to identify the etiologic agents of cervicovaginal infection in order to establish an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.	2003	14974282