Publications

what do pharmacists think about new york state's new nonprescription syringe sale program? results of a survey.	access to sterile syringes can prevent transmission of blood-borne diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b and c. we conducted survey of attitudes of pharmacists to aid in development of the expanded syringe access demonstration program (esap) in new york state. esap is an hiv prevention initiative that authorizes nonprescription sale of hypodermic needles and syringes by registered pharmacies in new york state beginning january 1, 2001. as part of planning for progra ...	2001	11796814
west nile virus: uganda, 1937, to new york city, 1999.	west nile virus, first isolated in 1937, is among the earliest arthropod-borne viruses discovered by humans. its broad geographical distribution, not uncommon infection of humans, transmission by mosquitoes, and association with wild birds as enzootic hosts were well documented by the mid-1960s. however, west nile virus was not considered to be a significant human pathogen because most infections appeared to result in asymptomatic or only mild febrile disease. several epidemics had been document ...	2001	11797781
west nile virus human surveillance in nassau county, new york: 1999-2000.		2001	11797796
"neon needles" in a haystack: the advantages of passive surveillance for west nile virus.	passive surveillance is usually viewed as less efficient for case ascertainment than active surveillance. however, for diseases with nonhuman animal reservoirs, active surveillance can be like looking for a needle in a haystack and may be prohibitively expensive. fortunately for surveillance of west nile virus (wnv) in the northeast us, the dead crows have served as "neon needles in a haystack"--indicators of viral activity that call attention to themselves. in 2000, laboratory testing of dead b ...	2001	11797803
vector surveillance for west nile virus.	west nile virus (wnv) was detected in the metropolitan new york city (nyc) area during the summer and fall of 1999. sixty-two human cases, including seven fatalities, were documented. the new york state department of health (nysdoh) initiated and implemented a statewide mosquito and wnv surveillance system. we developed a wnv response plan designed to provide local health departments (lhd) a standardized means to begin to assess basic mosquito population data and to detect wnv circulation in mos ...	2001	11797806
post-traumatic infection.		2001	11668849
[hiv law project. immigrants get informed!].		2001	11678079
west nile virus: a case study in how ny state health information infrastructure facilitates preparation and response to disease outbreaks.	new york's (ny) health information network (hin) provided timely access to west nile virus (wnv) data during the initial outbreak in the late summer 1999. in december 1999, ny developed a plan to deal with wnv in 2000 that required an integrated surveillance system for humans, birds, mammals, and mosquitoes. the hin infrastructure allowed ny to deploy this system statewide in three months. local health departments throughout ny used the system to report, track, and retrieve surveillance data as ...	2001	11680034
the association between local fish consumption and dde, mirex, and hcb concentrations in the breast milk of mohawk women at akwesasne.	a study was conducted to assess the extent to which the consumption of local fish contaminated with p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-dde), mirex, and hexachlorobenzene (hcb) has impacted the concentrations of these compounds in the milk of nursing mohawk women residing along the st. lawrence river. from 1986 to 1992, 97 mohawk women were interviewed, and each donated a one-time sample of at least 50 ml of breast milk. the comparison population consisted of 154 caucasians from other r ...	2001	11687911
sept. 11's lessons in disaster care.		2001	11688112
a founder mutation in presenilin 1 causing early-onset alzheimer disease in unrelated caribbean hispanic families.	genetic determinants of alzheimer disease (ad) have not been comprehensively examined in caribbean hispanics, a population in the united states in whom the frequency of ad is higher compared with non-hispanic whites.	2001	11710891
lyme disease in new york state: spatial pattern at a regional scale.	lyme disease occurs commonly in new york state, but its geographic distribution is heterogeneous. over each of nine consecutive years, incidence rates from 57 new york state counties were subjected to spatial autocorrelation analysis. although the epidemic advanced during the study period, the analyses reveal a consistent pattern of spatial dependence. the correlation distance, the distance over which incidence rates covary positively, remained near 120 km over the nine years. a local spatial an ...	2001	11716111
residential status and hiv risk behaviors among puerto rican drug injectors in new york and puerto rico.	this article investigates the association between residential status and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) risk behaviors among island and new york puerto rican injection drug users (idus). we assigned 561 subjects from new york city and 312 from puerto rico to five residential status categories: living in parent's home, living in own home, living in other's home, living in temporary housing (hotel, single-room occupancy [sro] hotels), and homeless (living in streets/shelters). dependent variab ...	2001	11727885
alcohol use, drug use and alcohol-related problems among men who have sex with men: the urban men's health study.	to measure the prevalence and independent associations of heavy and problematic use of alcohol and recreational drugs among a household-based sample of urban msm (men who have sex with men).	2001	11784456
hhs responds to terrorist attacks.		2001	11785494
from the centers for disease control and prevention. human west nile virus surveillance--connecticut, new jersey, and new york, 2000.		2001	11368043
aging cohort of perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in new york city. new york city pediatric surveillance of disease consortium.	new york city (nyc) pediatricians are now caring for fewer hiv-infected infants and more school age children and adolescents than earlier in the epidemic.	2001	11368109
incidence of hiv among injection drug users entering drug treatment programs in four us cities.	we estimated seroincidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and prevalence of risk behaviors among injection drug users (idus) who accepted voluntary hiv testing on entry to drug treatment. record-based incidence studies were conducted in 12 drug treatment programs in new york city (n = 890); newark, new jersey (n = 521); seattle, washington (n = 1,256); and los angeles, california (n = 733). records of confidential hiv tests were abstracted for information on demographics, drug use, and hi ...	2001	11368194
ourselves, our bodies, our realities: an hiv prevention intervention for women with severe mental illness.	this paper describes a 10-session behavioral intervention introducing female-initiated methods of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevention to reduce vulnerability to hiv infection for women with severe mental illness. in a pilot test of the intervention, 35 women were randomly placed in the experimental intervention group or an hiv education control. subjective norms, intentions to use, perceived efficacy, and attitudes toward the male condom, female condom, and a microbicide were assessed ...	2001	11368195
prevalence of the t215y mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women in a new york cohort, 1995--1999.	from 1997 through 1999, the prevalence of the zidovudine resistance mutation t215y was 9.7% among pregnant women, and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) load in those with resistant virus was higher than that measured in women with wild-type hiv-1. all mutations were noted in women with zidovudine experience, which suggests that monotherapy may not be adequate prophylaxis for vertical transmission of hiv-1 infection in the current era.	2001	11389511
serologic evidence of rickettsia akari infection among dogs in a metropolitan city.	to determine whether dogs in new york, ny are naturally infected with rickettsia akari, the causative agent of rickettsialpox in humans.	2001	11394829
molecular epidemiologic features and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of various ribotypes of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from humans and ruminants.	to assess automated ribotyping for characterization of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and to identify their type prevalence and geographic distribution.	2001	11400842
corporations and non-profits partner to help seniors & their working caregivers.	building relationships provides significant human benefits and a solid return on investment.	2001	11409082
correlates of partner violence among female street-based sex workers: substance abuse, history of childhood abuse, and hiv risks.	this study examines the prevalence of physical and sexual abuse by intimate and commercial sexual partners among street-based sex workers and explores correlates of partner abuse by commercial partners using the following factors: sociodemographics, substance abuse, sexual behavior, and physical and sexual childhood abuse. one hundred thirteen street sex workers were recruited from december 1996 through may 1997 while receiving services from the foundations for research on sexually transmitted d ...	2001	11177587
serosurveys for west nile virus infection--new york and connecticut counties, 2000.	in 2000, 21 persons were reported with acute illness attributed to west nile virus (wnv) infection; 19 were hospitalized with encephalitis or meningitis. of the 21, 10 resided in the staten island borough (richmond county) of new york city. other ill persons resided in nine other counties--kings (brooklyn), new york (manhattan), and queens counties in new york; hudson, passaic, monmouth, morris, and bergen counties in new jersey; and fairfield county in connecticut. because ill persons represent ...	2001	11215880
beyond therapy: bringing social work back to human services reform.	based on field interviews in a chicago community development corporation and settlement houses in new york city and st. louis, as well as interviews with leading social services innovators and social work educators, this article explores the intersection of current social work practice and human services innovation. the article offers a rationale and a blueprint for a reorientation of social work's "helping relationship," reviews a number of promising innovations and strategies that may help the ...	2001	11217494
cryptosporidium parvum infection involving novel genotypes in wildlife from lower new york state.	cryptosporidium, an enteric parasite of humans and a wide range of other mammals, presents numerous challenges to the supply of safe drinking water. we performed a wildlife survey, focusing on white-tailed deer and small mammals, to assess whether they may serve as environmental sources of cryptosporidium. a pcr-based approach that permitted genetic characterization via sequence analysis was applied to wildlife fecal samples (n = 111) collected from september 1996 to july 1998 from three areas i ...	2001	11229905
from the centers for disease control and prevention. human rabies--california, georgia, minnesota, new york and wisconsin, 2000.		2001	11236749
human herpesvirus 8 infection and kaposi's sarcoma among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected women.	little is known about the epidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) infections among women. a cross-sectional study was conducted of hhv-8 infection among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and high-risk hiv-uninfected women. serological tests with noninduced (latent) and induced (lytic) hhv-8 antigens were used to detect infection among 2483 participants of a multisite cohort. reactivity to latent antigen was present in 4.1% and to induced antigens in 12.0% of women. seven of 8 women ...	2001	11237842
tb prevention in hiv clinics in new york city.	ten hospital-based human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) clinics in new york city.	2001	11258505
homo erectus newyorkensis: an indonesian fossil rediscovered in manhattan sheds light on the middle phase of human evolution.		2001	11275967
erroneously low or undetectable plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) ribonucleic acid load, determined by polymerase chain reaction, in west african and american patients with non-b subtype hiv-1 infection.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) ribonucleic acid (rna) inadequately quantitates virus load for some non-b hiv-1 subtypes because of genetic diversity in the gag region targeted by the pcr primers. unexpectedly low or undetectable plasma hiv-1 rna findings by pcr were a clue to non-b hiv-1 infections in patients in whom plasma hiv-1 rna was found to be substantially higher when determined by a branched-chain deoxyribonucleic acid as ...	2001	11283814
neonatal size of low socio-economic status black and white term births in albany county, nys.	birth weight has long been a focus of study by epidemiologists and human biologists, because it reflects the quality of the intrauterine environment and may be used as a predictor of future growth and development. comparisons of black and white neonates in the usa have consistently shown differences in birth weight. confounding variables are a major problem in any such investigation, especially socio-economic status which is highly correlated with race in the usa. this study was distinctive in t ...	2001	11293725
aedes (finlaya) japonicus (diptera: culicidae), a newly recognized mosquito in the united states: analyses of genetic variation in the united states and putative source populations.	introduction of potential disease vectors into a new geographic area poses health risks to local human, livestock, and wildlife populations. it is therefore important to gain understanding of the dynamics of these invasions, in particular its sources, modes of spread after the introduction, and vectorial potential. we studied the population genetics of aedes (finlaya) japonicus japonicus (theobald), an asian mosquito that was recognized for the first time in the united states in 1998. we examine ...	2001	11296814
pilot study of expedited hiv-1 testing of women in labor at an inner-city hospital in new york city.	to evaluate the feasibility of offering voluntary counseling and expedited human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing to women in labor, and to assess the characteristics of two rapid hiv assays compared with results from an expedited standard enzyme immunoassay (eia), with western blot confirmation, as indicated, we undertook a pilot study immediately prior to enactment of new york state regulations (august 1999) requiring expedited testing of laboring women (or newborns) with undocumented hiv ...	2001	11321245
detection of arboviral rna directly from mosquito homogenates by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction.	many arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are important human pathogens medically. the development of an effective technique to detect the viruses by using nucleic acid amplification, such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr), improves not only clinical diagnosis but also virologic surveillance of mosquito vectors in the field. in this study, the development of an improved and simplified assay is described for detection of mosquitoes infected with eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus, cache va ...	2001	11337046
regular outpatient medical and drug abuse care and subsequent hospitalization of persons who use illicit drugs.	patients and the public could benefit from identification of factors that prevent drug users' heavy reliance on inpatient care; however, optimal health care delivery models for illicit drug users remain ill-defined.	2001	11343483
the west nile virus: its recent emergence in north america.	west nile fever emerged in new york in the summer of 1999 when seven people, several horses and thousands of wild birds died. it was soon established that the human disease and the mortality of birds were related. continued surveillance detected west nile virus in mosquitoes, birds, horses, small mammals, bats and humans, and has shown its spread to several northeastern states. these events confirm the establishment of west nile virus endemically in the united states.	2001	11358716
influenza a among patients with human immunodeficiency virus: an outbreak of infection at a residential facility in new york city.	although annual influenza vaccination is recommended for persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), data are limited regarding the epidemiology of influenza or the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in this population. we investigated a 1996 outbreak of infection with influenza a at a residential facility for persons with aids. we interviewed 118 residents and employees, reviewed 65 resident medical records, and collected serum samples for measurement of influenza anti ...	2001	11360221
outbreaks of clinical mastitis caused by trichosporon beigelii in dairy herds.	trichosporon beigelii is widely distributed in nature and is classically associated with white piedra, a mycosis that may involve the hair of the human body. intramammary infections caused by t beigelii may be fatal in cows; the prevalence in affected dairy herds may be high. affected cows may have hyperthermia, swelling of the udder, and substantially decreased milk production or agalactia. intramammary infections caused by yeast, including t beigelii, may also be associated with high bacterial ...	2001	11195831
human west nile virus surveillance--connecticut, new jersey, and new york, 2000.	west nile virus (wnv), a mosquitoborne arbovirus identified in new york in 1999, has become enzootic in the northeastern united states, affecting humans, birds, horses, and other mammals. although no human wnv infection was identified in connecticut or new jersey in 1999, 62 persons with wnv illness, including seven deaths, were detected in new york city (nyc) and nearby new york counties. in 2000, these jurisdictions implemented active surveillance (as) and enhanced passive surveillance (eps) t ...	2001	11411831
the control of mosquito-borne diseases in new york city.	mosquito control began in new york city in 1901. large-scale efforts to drain marshlands occurred through the 1930s, and aerial application of pesticide occurred as early as 1956. components of early mosquito-borne disease control were reimplemented in 1999-2000 in response to an outbreak of west nile virus, and included promoting public and health professional awareness regarding disease causation and prevention, providing free government laboratory testing, case reporting, mapping of mosquito ...	2001	11419586
attitudes on end-of-life care and advance care planning in the lesbian and gay community.	gay men and lesbians have special interests in documenting their preferences regarding advance care planning and end-of-life care. a 64-item survey instrument was developed to ascertain the preferences of this community regarding approaches to end-of-life care, viewpoints on physician-assisted suicide (pas) and euthanasia, and practices regarding advance care planning. the survey was completed by 575 participants recruited through community-based health care and social service organizations serv ...	2001	11441626
sexual transmission risk among noninjecting heroin users infected with human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis c virus.	to assess whether human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and/or hepatitis c virus (hcv)-infected noninjecting heroin users (nius) are a potential sexual transmission bridge to "lower risk" partners, 180 hiv- or hcv-infected nius recruited in new york city were interviewed about their sexual behaviors and partnerships. sixty-two percent were former injecting drug users (idus). partners reported not to be hiv infected, idus, or men who have sex with men were defined as lower risk. among 54 hi ...	2001	11443564
the columbia university single-ion microbeam.	a single-ion microbeam facility has been constructed at the columbia university radiological research accelerator facility. the system was designed to deliver defined numbers of helium or hydrogen ions produced by a van de graaff accelerator, covering a range of let from 30 to 220 kev/microm, into an area smaller than the nuclei of human cells growing in culture on thin plastic films. the beam is collimated by a pair of laser-drilled apertures that form the beam-line exit. an integrated computer ...	2001	11448243
a little magic works wonders.		2001	11452806
experience during the first fifteen months of new york state expedited human immunodeficiency virus testing.		2001	11465855
hiv incidence among young men who have sex with men--seven u.s. cities, 1994-2000.	twenty years after the first report on human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in the united states, studies of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and sexual behaviors suggest a resurgent hiv epidemic among men who have sex with men (msm). however, few recent studies have measured hiv incidence in this population. to determine hiv incidence among young msm, cdc analyzed data from the young men's survey (yms), a study that found a high prevalence of hiv and associated risks among msm aged ...	2001	11475380
fingerprinting pcb patterns among mohawk women.	this study examined the association of contaminated fish consumption and polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) body burden by comparing the similarity of the congener pattern in yellow perch, caught near the point source of industrial pollution, and in other local fish to the pattern found in the breast milk of mohawk women from akwesasne, a native american community located along the st. lawrence river in new york, ontario, and quebec. the similarity is defined by the weighted euclidean distance betwe ...	2001	11477516
pneumococcal immunizations at flu clinics: the impact of community-wide outreach.	this study examined the effectiveness of a community-wide outreach campaign to promote the use of pneumococcal vaccine at public flu immunization clinics, and assessed whether this intervention was more effective than simply making pneumococcal vaccination available at such clinics. in 1997, a community-wide outreach campaign promoting pneumococcal and influenza immunizations was launched in a 17 zip code area of dutchess county, ny. the campaign was aimed at 7,961 medicare beneficiaries urging ...	2001	11478565
charles g. pease, dds, md: anti-tobacco crusader and clean life advocate.	dr. charles giffin pease, a colorful, feisty, new york city reformer practiced both dentistry and medicine and lectured in various dental and medical schools. at several new york dental institutions, he taught oral surgery, materia medica, therapeutics and pathology. from the age of 12 until his death (a 75 year span) pease waged an unrelenting war against "everything that harms the human race." he wrote and lectured unceasingly railing against what he believed to be life damaging behaviors. the ...	2001	11484318
negotiation of hiv preventive behaviors in divorced and separated women reentering the sexual arena.	the purpose of this study was to understand divorced and separated women's experience of negotiating human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) preventive behaviors when resuming sexual activity following long-term monogamous relationships. a little-studied but large group, these women are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, have low rates of protective behaviors, and have not been targeted for prevention education. seven women entering a sexual milieu altered by the presence of hiv after at leas ...	2001	11486718
the amdd program: history, focus and structure.	the amdd (averting maternal death and disability) program was established at the mailman school of public health in 1999. in this article, we discuss four key aspects of the program: the focus on emergency obstetric care; the use of process indicators; working with partners; and applying human rights.	2001	11502285
respiratory syncytial virus infections in previously healthy working adults.	during 1975-1995, a total of 2960 healthy adults, 18-60 years of age, were prospectively evaluated for respiratory virus infections. of these subjects, 211 (7%) acquired respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the infections were symptomatic in 84% of subjects, involved only the upper respiratory tract in 74%, and included lower respiratory tract symptoms in 26%. overall, 40% of the subjects were febrile. lower respiratory tract signs developed in 26%. rsv illnesses were more prolonged than ...	2001	11512084
influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalizations and deaths in persons 65 years or older in minnesota, new york, and oregon: data from 3 health plans.	this study developed methods and determined the impact of influenza vaccination on elderly persons in 3 large health plans: kaiser permanente northwest, healthpartners, and oxford health plans. data for the 1996-1997 and 1997-1998 seasons were extracted from administrative databases. subjects were health plan members > or = 65 years old. comorbid conditions collected from the preceding year were used for risk adjustment with logistic regression. the virus-vaccine match was excellent for year 1 a ...	2001	11517426
reducing incidence of low-back injuries reduces cost.	to reduce musculoskeletal injuries in employees and to lower the financial costs associated with them, a 525-bed county nursing home in upstate new york initiated a five-step ergonomics program and purchased mechanical lifting devices. the five steps in the program were (1) creation of a resident transfer evaluation team, (2) establishment of an accident review committee, (3) mandatory ergonomics training for new nursing aides, (4) regular maintenance checks for lifting equipment, and (5) direct ...	2001	11549145
coney island hospital focuses on healthcare for ethnic groups.	since its beginnings as a first aid station on the famous new york beach, coney island hospital has evolved as a well-known public hospital serving a multi-cultural community. part of the new york city health and hospitals corp. it has made extensive efforts to provide "ethnically correct" services to all of its constituents. these measures have been covered by national public radio and recognized as a "best practices" example by the u.s. department of health and human services. profile's articl ...	2001	11552591
reactivity of serum samples of dogs and horses tested by use of class-specific recombinant-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of granulocytic ehrlichiosis.	to test serum samples of dogs and horses by use of class-specific recombinant-based elisa for establishing a diagnosis of granulocytic ehrlichiosis attributable to infection with organisms from the ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup.	2001	11560261
cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis screening and observed preventive therapy for active drug injectors at a syringe-exchange program.	this study examined whether costs associated with tuberculosis (tb) screening and directly observed preventive therapy (dopt) among drug injectors attending a syringe exchange are justified by cases and costs of active tb cases prevented and examined the impact of monetary incentives to promote adherence on cost-effectiveness. we examined program costs and projected savings using observed adherence and prevalence rates and literature estimates of isoniazid (inh) preventive therapy efficacy, expe ...	2001	11564856
crow deaths as a sentinel surveillance system for west nile virus in the northeastern united states, 1999.	in addition to human encephalitis and meningitis cases, the west nile (wn) virus outbreak in the summer and fall of 1999 in new york state resulted in bird deaths in new york, new jersey, and connecticut. from august to december 1999, 295 dead birds were laboratory-confirmed with wn virus infection; 262 (89%) were american crows (corvus brachyrhynchos). the new york state department of health received reports of 17,339 dead birds, including 5,697 (33%) crows; in connecticut 1,040 dead crows were ...	2001	11585521
dead bird surveillance as an early warning system for west nile virus.	as part of west nile (wn) virus surveillance in new york state in 2000, 71,332 ill or dead birds were reported; 17,571 (24.6%) of these were american crows. of 3,976 dead birds tested, 1,263 (31.8%) were positive for wn virus. viral activity was first confirmed in 60 of the state's 62 counties with wn virus-positive dead birds. pathologic findings compatible with wn virus were seen in 1,576 birds (39.6% of those tested), of which 832 (52.8%) were positive for wn virus. dead crow reports preceded ...	2001	11585524
mosquito surveillance and polymerase chain reaction detection of west nile virus, new york state.	west nile (wn) virus was detected in the metropolitan new york city (nyc) area during the summer and fall of 1999. sixty-two human cases, 7 fatal, were documented. the new york state department of health initiated a departmental effort to implement a statewide mosquito and virus surveillance system. during the 2000 arbovirus surveillance season, we collected 317,676 mosquitoes, submitted 9,952 pools for virus testing, and detected 363 wn virus-positive pools by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). e ...	2001	11585526
dead crow densities and human cases of west nile virus, new york state, 2000.	in 2000, staten island, new york, reported 10 human west nile virus cases and high densities of dead crows. surrounding counties with <2 human cases had moderate dead crow densities, and upstate counties with no human cases had low dead crow densities. monitoring such densities may be helpful because this factor may be determined without the delays associated with specimen collection and testing.	2001	11585529
west nile virus infection in birds and mosquitoes, new york state, 2000.	west nile (wn) virus was found throughout new york state in 2000, with the epicenter in new york city and surrounding counties. we tested 3,403 dead birds and 9,954 mosquito pools for wn virus during the transmission season. sixty-three avian species, representing 30 families and 14 orders, tested positive for wn virus. the highest proportion of dead birds that tested positive for wn virus was in american crows in the epicenter (67% positive, n=907). eight mosquito species, representing four gen ...	2001	11585532
exposure of domestic mammals to west nile virus during an outbreak of human encephalitis, new york city, 1999.	we evaluated west nile (wn) virus seroprevalence in healthy horses, dogs, and cats in new york city after an outbreak of human wn virus encephalitis in 1999. two (3%) of 73 horses, 10 (5%) of 189 dogs, and none of 12 cats tested positive for wn virus-neutralizing antibodies. domestic mammals should be evaluated as sentinels for local wn virus activity and predictors of the infection in humans.	2001	11585540
west nile virus outbreak among horses in new york state, 1999 and 2000.	west nile (wn) virus was identified in the western hemisphere in 1999. along with human encephalitis cases, 20 equine cases of wn virus were detected in 1999 and 23 equine cases in 2000 in new york. during both years, the equine cases occurred after human cases in new york had been identified.	2001	11585543
highly active antiretroviral therapy associated with improved anemia among hiv-infected women.	anemia is common during human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and is associated with increased mortality. we conducted a study to examine the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on anemia in a multicenter cohort of hiv-positive women, the human immunodeficiency virus epidemiology research (her) study. among women receiving haart (n = 188), non-haart monotherapy or combination antiretroviral therapy (art) (n = 111), or who had no reported treatment (n = 62), the prevalen ...	2001	11587633
quality of life and risk perception among predominantly heterosexual, minority individuals with hiv/aids.	the objective of this study was to examine the quality-of-life concerns of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals and to assess their perceptions of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and the need for safer sex, in light of treatment advances. respondents were recruited from seven aids service organizations in new york city, and the total sample consisted of 196 hiv-infected individuals. the sample consisted largely of heterosexual, african americans, and latinos. respon ...	2001	11587634
west nile virus infection in mosquitoes, birds, horses, and humans, staten island, new york, 2000.	west nile (wn) virus transmission in the united states during 2000 was most intense on staten island, new york, where 10 neurologic illnesses among humans and 2 among horses occurred. wn virus was isolated from aedes vexans, culex pipiens, cx. salinarius, ochlerotatus triseriatus, and psorophora ferox, and wn viral rna was detected in anopheles punctipennis. an elevated weekly minimum infection rate (mir) for cx. pipiens and increased dead bird density were present for 2 weeks before the first h ...	2001	11589172
the applications of capture-recapture models to epidemiological data.	capture-recapture methodology, originally developed for estimating demographic parameters of animal populations, has been applied to human populations. this tutorial reviews various closed capture-recapture models which are applicable to ascertainment data for estimating the size of a target population based on several incomplete lists of individuals. most epidemiological approaches merging different lists and eliminating duplicate cases are likely to be biased downwards. that is, the final merg ...	2001	11590637
west nile encephalitis: an emerging disease in the united states.	in 1999, an epidemic of west nile virus (wnv) encephalitis occurred in new york city (nyc) and 2 surrounding new york counties. simultaneously, an epizootic among american crows and other bird species occurred in 4 states. indigenous transmission of wnv had never been documented in the western hemisphere until this epidemic. in 2000, the epizootic expanded to 12 states and the district of columbia, and the epidemic continued in nyc, 5 new jersey counties, and 1 connecticut county. in addition to ...	2001	11595987
relapse in persons treated for drug-susceptible tuberculosis in a population with high coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus in new york city.	the optimal duration of tuberculosis treatment for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been debated. a cohort of 4571 culture-positive drug-susceptible patients who received > or =24 weeks of standard 4-drug tuberculosis treatment were assessed to determine the incidence of tuberculosis relapse. tuberculosis "recurrence" was defined as having a positive culture < 30 days after the last treatment date and "relapse" as having a positive culture > or =30 days after the last ...	2001	11595988
rabies epizootics among raccoons vary along a north-south gradient in the eastern united states.	the characteristics of rabies epizootics among raccoons were investigated in 11 eastern states along a north-south gradient from new york to north carolina. epizootics were defined as discrete intervals of time of at least 5 months in duration, when reported cases of raccoon rabies from an individual county exceeded the median value of raccoon rabies cases reported by that county over the entire period rabies was present among raccoons in the county. over the approximately 20-year study period, ...	2001	12653126
effects of acorn production and mouse abundance on abundance and borrelia burgdorferi infection prevalence of nymphal ixodes scapularis ticks.	risk of exposure to lyme disease is a function of the local abundance of nymphal ixodes ticks that are infected with the etiological agent, the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. we monitored abundance of white-footed mice (the principal b. burgdorferi reservoir in the eastern and central united states) and acorns (a critical food resource for mice), and ixodes scapularis ticks, as well as ambient temperature (cumulative growing degree days) and growing season precipitation, in a forested landscap ...	2001	12653136
spatiotemporal variation in a lyme disease host and vector: black-legged ticks on white-footed mice.	we monitored population density of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), burdens of immature black-legged ticks (ixodes scapularis) on mice, and infection prevalence of host-seeking ticks on six forest plots in southeastern new york state from 1995 through 1999. despite densities of mice that fluctuated two orders of magnitude, average larval and nymphal tick burdens per mouse remained remarkably constant. spatial variability in mouse density and tick burdens was modest. the total number of l ...	2001	12653143
skull wars: kennewick man, archaeology, and the battle for native american identity. [review of: thomas, d. h. skull wars: kennewick man, archaeology, and the battle for native american identity. new york: basic, 2000].		2001	17078190
human subjects protection in a study of caregivers of community-residing persons with dementia.	this article describes the processes and methods used to protect human subjects during a joint research project undertaken by a state health department and a university-based research team. the use of a statewide registry to obtain a sample of primary caregivers of persons with dementia provided a unique opportunity for the research team to interview a large and representative sample of caregivers. at the same time, it raised complex issues regarding the privacy of the primary caregivers and the ...	2000	18019958
informed consent for research is related to basic legal rights of all individuals.		2000	12199224
court said irb had too much power to make consent decisions for minors.		2000	12199227
invalidated state regulations violated subjects' rights.		2000	12201314
association of silicofluoride treated water with elevated blood lead.	previous epidemiological studies have associated silicofluoride-treated community water with enhanced child blood lead parameters. chronic, low-level dosage of silicofluoride (sif) has never been adequately tested for health effects in humans. we report here on a statistical study of 151,225 venous blood lead (vbl) tests taken from children ages 0-6 inclusive, living in 105 communities of populations from 15,000 to 75,000. the tests are part of a sample collected by the new york state department ...	2000	11233755
lessons from the original 'eden'.		2000	11182956
infectious disease. the enigma of west nile. .	fifteen months after the 1999 outbreak of west nile virus in new york city, which sickened 62 mostly elderly people and killed seven, scientists are still hard pressed to predict how abundant the virus will eventually become or how serious a public health threat it will pose. this summer, the human toll has been relatively mild, with just 18 cases and one death. but the virus has been found in more than 60 bird species and about a dozen mammals; in a little more than a year, it has spread to 11 ...	2000	11185500
prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 4 mosaicism.	trisomy 4 mosaicism is rare. to our knowledge only two cases of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 4 mosaicism have been reported. one case resulted in a normal liveborn male, the other resulted in an abnormal liveborn female. the karyotype of our case at the time of amniocentesis was 47,xy,+4[3]/ 46,xy[33] and resulted in a normal liveborn male. fish analysis using an alpha satellite chromosome 4 probe was performed to confirm the cytogenetic findings. follow-up chromosome analysis of cord blood, per ...	2000	11186894
west nile viral encephalitis.	west nile virus (wnv) has emerged in recent years in temperate regions of europe and north america, presenting a threat to both public and animal health. the most serious manifestation of infection is fatal encephalitis in humans and horses, as well as mortality in certain domestic and wild birds. a recent development in the epizootiology of this mosquito-borne flavivirus was the occurrence of a severe outbreak in new york city and surrounding areas. during this outbreak, mortality was observed ...	2000	11189714
"who knows the power of his bones". reburial redux.	this paper discusses the repatriation of human remains to indigenous peoples in australia and the united states and the role anthropologists play in the construction of past, present, and future identities for contemporary indigenous peoples. using examples from both countries, i suggest that many of the participants at the reburials, and in the events leading up to them, were not only reburying their dead ancestors and addressing religious concerns, but were also redeeming past social injustice ...	2000	11193020
performance measures of cultural competency in mental health organizations.	the authors utilized numerous documents created by advisory groups, expert panels and multicultural focus groups to develop performance measures for assessing the cultural competency of mental health systems. competency was measured within three levels of organizational structure: administrative, provider network, and individual caregiver. indicators, measures and data sources for needs assessment, information exchange, services, human resources, plans and policies, and outcomes were identified. ...	2000	11194126
reasons given for disclosure of maternal hiv status to children.	the purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the reasons given by mothers diagnosed with aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) for disclosing or not disclosing their hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) status to their children, a dilemma faced by most hiv-infected parents and those who counsel them. we interviewed 29 mothers residing in one of two new york city facilities that provide housing and medical treatment for adults with aids. the majority of these mothers do not live with thei ...	2000	11194312
new york state pharmacists' attitudes toward needle and syringe sales to injection drug users before implementation of syringe deregulation.	in may 2000, new york state passed legislation permitting the sale, purchase, and possession of up to 10 needles and syringes without a prescription. the law is intended to reduce the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis among injection drug users (idus), their sexual partners, and their children. to obtain baseline information about the attitudes and likely practices of new york state pharmacists, we distributed a self-administered questionnaire to attendees of the s ...	2000	11194316
new york city pharmacists' attitudes toward sale of needles/syringes to injection drug users before implementation of law expanding syringe access.	in may 2000, new york state passed legislation permitting the sale, purchase, and possession of up to 10 needles and syringes (hereafter "syringes") without a prescription, intended to reduce blood-borne pathogen transmission among injection drug users (idus). to obtain baseline data on pharmacists' attitudes and practices related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevention and idus, a telephone survey was administered to 130 pharmacists systematically selected in new york city. less than h ...	2000	11194317
hiv prevalence and associated risks in young men who have sex with men. young men's survey study group.	studies conducted in the late 1980s on human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among older men who have sex with men (msm) suggested the epidemic had peaked; however, more recent studies in younger msm have suggested continued high hiv incidence.	2000	10889593
introduction to human health and illness: a series of patient-centered conferences based on the biopsychosocial model.	in 1985, to increase the curricular presence of the biopsychosocial model of medical education, the university of rochester school of medicine and dentistry introduced a series of whole-class, patient-centered conferences for all first- and second-year medical students. from 1985 through the spring of 1999, these sessions, called introduction to human health and illness (ihhi), were offered as a stand-alone course every friday in the first two years of medical school; beginning in the fall of 19 ...	2000	10893125
the role of pathology in an investigation of an outbreak of west nile encephalitis in new york, 1999.	an outbreak of encephalitis occurred in new york city in late august 1999, the first caused by west nile virus in north america. histopathologic and immunopathologic examinations performed on human autopsy materials helped guide subsequent laboratory and epidemiologic investigations that led to identification of the etiologic agent.	2000	10905969
respiratory effects of seasonal exposures to ozone and particles.	whereas human respiratory effects of brief ozone exposures are well documented, much less is known about the human health effects of mid- to long-term exposures. the authors' objective in this study was to determine whether lung function or respiratory symptom changes would occur over the course of a summer season among healthy young adults working outdoors in the presence of ozone. the authors studied 72 sophomore cadets from the u.s. military academy at west point, new york, 21 of whom attende ...	2000	10908105
west nile virus activity--new york and new jersey, 2000.	in late august 1999, an outbreak of encephalitis caused by west nile virus (wnv) was detected in new york city and subsequently identified in neighboring counties (1). in response, an extensive mosquito-control and risk-reduction campaign was initiated, including aerial and ground applications of mosquito adulticides throughout the affected areas. no human wnv infections were found in new york city with an onset date after the campaign was completed. cases continued to occur among humans in surr ...	2000	10926307
a time-series analysis of acidic particulate matter and daily mortality and morbidity in the buffalo, new york, region.	a component of particulate matter (pm) air pollution that may provide one biologically plausible pathway for the observed pm air pollution-health effect associations is aerosol acidity (h(+)). an increasing number of observational studies have demonstrated associations between h(+) and increased adverse health effects in the united states and abroad. although studies have shown significant h(+) associations with increased morbidity in the united states, similar associations have yet to be shown ...	2000	10656852
presence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1, group m, non-b subtypes, bronx, new york: a sentinel site for monitoring hiv genetic diversity in the united states.	in the united states, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1, group m, subtype b is the predominant subtype. a cross-sectional study of hiv-infected patients at the bronx-lebanon hospital center, bronx, ny, between september 1997 and february 1998 identified 3 (1. 2%) of 252 persons infected with non-b subtypes: subtypes a and f, 1 each, and 1 potential recombinant subtype b(env)/f(prt). all 3 persons were born in the united states and tested positive for hiv antibodies between 1988 and 1997 ...	2000	10669328
adherence to antiretroviral therapy by pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a pharmacy claims-based analysis.	to assess adherence to antiretroviral therapy with the use of medicaid pharmacy claims data for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected pregnant women and to identify associated maternal and health care factors.	2000	10674574
alcohol and the liver: metabolism of alcohol and its role in hepatic and extrahepatic diseases.	dr. charles s. lieber conducted clinical and experimental studies for more than four decades (three at mount sinai and the bronx va medical centers) with emphasis on liver, nutrition and gi pathophysiology. his major contributions include elucidation of the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, by demonstrating the toxic role of alcohol and describing associated metabolic disorders. this was achieved through judicious clinical studies and newly-developed rodent and primate models with the adm ...	2000	10677787
neck pain and head restraint position relative to the driver's head in rear-end collisions.	this two-year investigation was designed to estimate the incidence of driver neck pain in rear-struck vehicles involved in two-vehicle collisions and to determine the relationship between neck pain and specific vehicle, human, and environmental factors. neck pain percentages were significantly higher for female (45%) than for male (28%) drivers. for female and male drivers, neck pain likelihood increased as head restraint height decreased below the head's center of gravity, although this effect ...	2000	10688485