Publications

history of chickenpox and shingles and prevalence of antibodies to varicella-zoster virus and three other herpesviruses among adults with glioma and controls.	whether viruses or immunologic factors might cause or prevent human brain cancer is of interest. statistically significant inverse associations of adult glioma with history of chickenpox and immunoglobulin g antibodies to varicella-zoster virus have been reported. the authors evaluate associations of immunoglobulin g antibodies to varicella-zoster virus and three other herpesviruses among 229 adults with glioma and 289 controls in the san francisco bay area adult glioma study (1997-2000). cases ...	2005	15870157
isoniazid- and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in san diego county, california, united states, 1993-2002.	a local tuberculosis (tb) control program.	2005	15875920
improving end-of-life care in nursing facilities: the community state partnership to improve end-of-life care--california.	the california coalition for compassionate care formed in 1998 when activists and organizational leaders in several arenas sought to link their efforts for synergistic impact on end-of-life care and to obtain funding to sustain their forward momentum and collaboration. the coalition focused on public engagement, professional education, and reforms in skilled nursing facilities. with skilled nursing facilities, the coalition's work built on the efforts of the echo (extreme care, human options) lo ...	2005	15890041
varicella vaccination of children in the united states: assessment after the first decade 1995-2005.	live attenuated varicella vaccine (strain oka) was approved for administration to healthy children in the united states in 1995. over the past 10 years, varicella vaccine has been given to millions of children, usually at ages between 12 and 18 months. in states such as california, michigan, and texas, there has been a marked decline in the number of reported cases of varicella. furthermore, there has been a 75% decrease in varicella-related hospitalizations across the united states, as well as ...	2005	15911422
merosesquiterpenes from two sponges of the genus dysidea.	the chemical study of two sponges of the genus dysidea collected in the gulf of california has led to the isolation of the new merosesquiterpenes 20-o-acetyl-21-hydroxy-ent-isozonarol (2), 20-o-acetylneoavarol (3), ent-yahazunol (4), and dysienone (5), together with the known compounds 1 and 6-9. the structures of the new metabolites have been established by spectroscopic techniques. the absolute configuration of compounds 5 and 6 has been investigated by application of a procedure developed by ...	2005	15921404
minor malformations characteristic of the retinoic acid embryopathy and other birth outcomes in children of women exposed to topical tretinoin during early pregnancy.	topical tretinoin (retin-a) is used to treat acne and photodamaged skin. its teratogenic potential is of concern due to its similarity to isotretinoin (accutane), a recognized human teratogen. through the california teratogen information service and clinical research program, between 1983 and 2003, 106 pregnant women with first-trimester exposure to topical tretinoin were prospectively ascertained and followed. birth outcomes, including pregnancy loss, major structural defects, and pre- and post ...	2005	15940677
western gray squirrel (rodentia: sciuridae): a primary reservoir host of borrelia burgdorferi in californian oak woodlands?	in california, dense woodlands have been recognized as important biotopes where humans are exposed to the nymphal stage of the western blacklegged tick, ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls, the primary vector of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), in the far-western united states. to identify the principal reservoir host(s) of this spirochete, and of closely related spirochetes in the b. burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex, in dense woodlands in mendocino county, ...	2005	15962792
accumulation and perchlorate exposure potential of lettuce produced in the lower colorado river region.	the colorado river is contaminated with perchlorate concentrations of 1.5-8 microg/l, an anion linked to thyroid dysfunction. over 90% of the lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) consumed during the winter months in the united states is produced in the lower colorado river region. studies were conducted in this region to survey the potential for lettuce perchlorate accumulation and estimate potential human exposure to perchlorate from lettuce. total uptake of perchlorate in the above-ground plant of iceb ...	2005	15969537
embryo fragmentation as a determinant of blastocyst development in vitro and pregnancy outcomes following embryo transfer.	to determine how the type of embryo fragmentation on day 3 affects progression of human embryos to blastocyst and pregnancy rates following embryo transfer.	2005	15970880
new genotypes and factors associated with cryptosporidium detection in mussels (mytilus spp.) along the california coast.	a 3 year study was conducted to evaluate mussels as bioindicators of faecal contamination in coastal ecosystems of california. haemolymph samples from 4680 mussels (mytilus spp.) were tested for cryptosporidium genotypes using pcr amplification and dna sequence analysis. our hypotheses were that mussels collected from sites near livestock runoff or human sewage outflow would be more likely to contain the faecal pathogen cryptosporidium than mussels collected distant to these sites, and that the ...	2005	15993883
clinical, epidemiologic, and environmental surveillance for ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in an endemic area of northern california.	two forms of tick-borne leukocytotropic rickettsioses have been recognized in california since the mid-1990s: human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum. between 1997 and 1999, two cases of hme and four cases of hga were diagnosed in residents of southern humboldt county, california. environmental followup at case-patients' residences revealed dense populations of ixodes pacificus ticks, particu ...	2005	16007950
environmental factors associated with bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii seropositivity in free-ranging coyotes from northern california.	bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii is a newly recognized pathogen of domestic dogs and humans. coyotes (canis latrans) are considered an important reservoir of this bacterium in the western united states, but its vectors are still unknown. our objective was to identify environmental factors associated with bartonella antibody prevalence in 239 coyotes from northern california, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. in addition, associations were evaluated between b. v. berkhoffii and two ...	2005	16011426
investigation of human contacts: a mycobacterium bovis outbreak among cattle at a california dairy.	in may 2002, a mycobacterium bovis outbreak occurred among cattle at a california dairy. we investigated to determine whether persons were infected after working with the cattle or drinking their raw milk.	2005	16013779
rapid assessment of influenza vaccination coverage among hmo members--northern california influenza seasons, 2001-02 through 2004-05.	the vaccine safety datalink (vsd) is a collaborative project involving cdc and eight health maintenance organizations (hmos) in the united states. computerized data on vaccination, medical outcomes, and patient demographics are collected and linked under a standard protocol at multiple hmos. beginning with the 2003-04 influenza season, the vsd team and one of the hmos, kaiser permanente northern california (kpnc), established an automated system for rapid detection of potentially adverse events ...	2005	16015219
illnesses related to shank application of metam-sodium, arvin, california, july 2002.	to evaluate the health effects of methyl isothiocyanate (mitc) and other byproducts resulting from the soil-incorporated (shank) application of 25,000 pounds of metam-sodium on july 8, 2002, near the community of arvin, california.	2005	16702121
new california law stiffens data-protection rules for research on human subjects.		2005	16459380
evidence of tick-borne organisms in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from the western united states.	free-ranging mule deer (md; odocoileus hemionus) from arizona and california were tested for evidence of infection with several tick-borne pathogens, including species of ehrlichia, anaplasma, babesia, and borrelia. of 125 mule deer tested from arizona, 29 (23%) and 11 (9%) had antibodies reactive to e. chaffeensis and a. phagocytophilum by indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing, respectively; none of the six md tested from california were seropositive. using a commercial competitive elisa ...	2005	16417431
linking on-farm dairy management practices to storm-flow fecal coliform loading for california coastal watersheds.	how and where to improve water quality within an agricultural watershed requires data at a spatial scale that corresponds with individual management decision units on an agricultural operation. this is particularly true in the context of water quality regulations, such as total maximum daily loads (tmdls), that identify agriculture as one source of non-point source pollution through larger tributary watershed scale and above and below water quality investigations. we have conducted a systems app ...	2005	16418926
advanced nursing training in health policy: designing and implementing a new program.	although the nursing profession has a growing role in the health policy arena, the rapidly changing health care environment means that clinicians need a sophisticated understanding of health policy. nurses are assuming leadership roles in advocacy, research, analysis, and policy development, implementation, and evaluation, contributing to a growing need to educate nurses to specialize in health policy research and analysis. this article provides an overview of a new master's and doctoral educati ...	2005	16443964
rabies surveillance in the united states during 2004.	during 2004, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,836 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 8 cases in human beings to the cdc, representing a 4.6% decrease from the 7,170 cases in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings reported in 2003. approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals (compared with 91% and 9%, respectively, in 2003). relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,564 raccoons (37.5%), 1,856 skunks (27.1%), 1,361 bat ...	2005	16379626
influence of climate change, tidal mixing, and watershed urbanization on historical water quality in newport bay, a saltwater wetland and tidal embayment in southern california.	historical coliform measurements (n = 67,269; 32 years) in newport bay, a regionally important saltwater wetland and tidal embayment in southern california, have been compiled and analyzed. coliform concentrations in newport bay decrease along an inland-to-ocean gradient, consistent with the hypothesis that this tidal embayment attenuates fecal pollution from inland sources. nearly 70% of the variability in the coliform record can be attributed to seasonal and interannual variability in local ra ...	2005	16382927
a respiratory model for uranium aluminide based on occupational data.	as part of an epidemiological study, doses from intake of radionuclides were estimated for workers employed during a 52-year period at the rocketdyne/atomics international facility in california. the facility was involved in a variety of research programmes, including nuclear fuel fabrication, spent nuclear fuel decladding, and reactor operation and disassembly. most of the documented intakes involved inhalation of enriched uranium (u), fission products, or plutonium (pu). highest doses were est ...	2005	16340069
parameter evaluation and model validation of ozone exposure assessment using harvard southern california chronic ozone exposure study data.	to examine factors influencing long-term ozone (o3) exposures by children living in urban communities, the authors analyzed longitudinal data on personal, indoor, and outdoor o3 concentrations, as well as related housing and other questionnaire information collected in the one-year-long harvard southern california chronic ozone exposure study. of 224 children contained in the original data set, 160 children were found to have longitudinal measurements of o3 concentrations in at least six months ...	2005	16295276
ascrs binkhorst lecture 2004: the search for perfect vision: ophthalmology's holy grail?	wavefront technology and wavefront-based vision correction are major advances but will not, in isolation, achieve the goal of perfect vision. study of the animal kingdom teaches lessons of adaptation, leading to the conclusion that the human visual system is probably optimized for our ancestral hunter-gatherers, but today's visual demands have developed faster than the pace of evolution. psychophysical studies of perception emphasize the importance of the visual processing system in the totality ...	2005	16473238
hiv care in the u.s. navy: a multidisciplinary approach.	we provide a review of the medical care provided to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive service members in the u.s. navy and marine corps. an overview of the history of hiv and its impact on the u.s. navy is presented. we also explain the policies of mandatory hiv testing within the u.s. navy and the evaluation process for those found to have hiv infection. we specifically describe the multidisciplinary hiv medical care provided at naval medical center san diego, which is one of three hi ...	2005	16491939
mother's milk and the muffin man: grassroots innovations in medical marijuana delivery systems.	in the ongoing debates over medical marijuana, opponents often conflate the alleged risks of cannabis therapeutics with the acknowledged harms associated with smoking. although smoking is the most widely used method of administering marijuana, it is not the only available means. this paper provides an account of the production, distribution, and administration of non-smokable cannabis products by members of a california health care collective, the wo/men's alliance for medical marijuana. wamm ha ...	2005	16537333
mercury burdens in chinese mitten crabs (eriocheir sinensis) in three tributaries of southern san francisco bay, california, usa.	chinese mitten crabs (eriocheir sinensis), endemic to asia, were first reported in the san francisco bay in 1992. they are now established in nearly all san francisco bay tributaries. these crabs accumulate more metals, such as mercury, than crustaceans living in the water column. because their predators include fish, birds, mammals and humans, their mercury burdens have an exceptional potential to impact the ecosystem and public health. we sought to elucidate the potential threat of mitten crab ...	2005	15519723
relatedness of listeria monocytogenes isolates recovered from selected ready-to-eat foods and listeriosis patients in the united states.	pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and serotyping were performed for 544 isolates of listeria monocytogenes, including 502 isolates recovered from contaminated samples from 31,705 retail ready-to-eat (rte) food products and 42 isolates recovered from human cases of listeriosis. the isolates were from maryland (294 isolates) and california (250 isolates) and were collected in 2000 and 2001. the isolates were placed into 16 asci pulsogroups (level of relatedness within each group, > or =66%), 139 as ...	2005	16332793
marijuana odor perception: studies modeled from probable cause cases.	the 4th amendment of the united states constitution protects american citizens against unreasonable search and seizure without probable cause. although law enforcement officials routinely rely solely on the sense of smell to justify probable cause when entering vehicles and dwellings to search for illicit drugs, the accuracy of their perception in this regard has rarely been questioned and, to our knowledge, never tested. in this paper, we present data from two empirical studies based upon actua ...	2004	15141780
should coal tar products carry cancer warnings?	this article addresses the controversy whether over-the-counter products that contain coal tar concentrations greater than 0.5% must carry cancer warnings. evidence that topical coal tar is carcinogenic in laboratory animals and humans is reviewed. in addition, the potential risk of internal malignancies arising from the topical use of coal tar is discussed. the view is expressed that the california court decision that such products should carry cancer warnings is correct.	2004	15186048
yuan-cheng fung: a scientific giant and a kind man.		2004	16783942
quality care for people with hiv/aids: patients' perspectives.	to explore patient preferences to aid in the development of quality measures to assess quality of health care for people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency disease (hiv/aids).	2004	15682354
hla-drb1 and -dqb1 alleles in mestizo patients with vogt-koyanagi-harada's disease in southern california.	we evaluated human leukocyte antigen (hla)-drb1 and -dqb1 alleles as genetic markers for vogt-koyanagi-harada (vkh) disease in mestizo patients in southern california. mestizo individuals with vkh disease (n = 29) at two institutions were evaluated. typing of hla-drb1 and dqb1 genes was performed using dna-based techniques. gene frequencies were compared to mestizo individuals living in southern california. all patients had hla-drb101, drb104, dqb103 or dqb105, or a combination of these gene ...	2004	15603876
an analysis of wilderness water in kings canyon, sequoia, and yosemite national parks for coliform and pathologic bacteria.	to determine the prevalence of coliform and potentially pathogenic bacteria in remote backcountry alpine lakes and streams of national parks in the sierra nevada mountains.	2004	15636373
coliform and pathologic bacteria in sierra nevada national forest wilderness area lakes and streams.	to analyze backcountry-area water quality in us department of agriculture forest service-designated wilderness areas for the presence of coliform and potentially pathogenic bacteria.	2004	15636374
rabies surveillance in the united states during 2003.	during 2003, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,170 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the cdc. this represents a 10% decrease from the 7,967 cases in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings reported in 2002. more than 91 (n = 6,556) were in wild animals, and 8.6% (614) were in domestic species (compared with 92.5% in wild animals and 74% in domestic species in 2002). the relative contributions of the major groups of animals were as follows: 2,635 raccoons ...	2004	15643834
cultural competence in psychosocial and psychiatric care: a critical perspective with reference to research and clinical experiences in california, us and in germany.	the impact of culture and ethnicity on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with mental disorders has been of growing interest and concern to professionals in the united states and also in germany. this contribution intends to give an overview of key aspects regarding competence in intercultural situations using research and clinical experiences from the united states and from germany. the issue of racism and discrimination as contributing factors in the development of mental disorders will b ...	2004	15774394
human death associated with bat rabies--california, 2003.	rabies is a rapidly progressive, incurable viral encephalitis that is, with rare exception, transmitted by the bite of an infected mammal. on september 14, 2003, a previously healthy man aged 66 years who resided in trinity county, california, died from rabies approximately 6 weeks after being bitten by a bat. this report summarizes the investigation by the trinity and shasta county health departments and the california department of health services (cdhs). persons should avoid direct contact wi ...	2004	14737062
penetrance of the fragile x-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome in a premutation carrier population.	premutation expansions (55-200 cgg repeats) of the fragile x mental retardation 1 (fmr1) gene are frequent in the general population, with estimated prevalences of 1 per 259 females and 1 per 813 males. several articles have recently described the presence of late-onset neurological symptoms in male carriers of premutation (fmr1) alleles. the main clinical features described in this newly identified syndrome are cerebellar ataxia and intention tremor. additional documented symptoms include short ...	2004	14747503
a founder mutation of the msh2 gene and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in the united states.	hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (hnpcc), also known as lynch syndrome, is caused by mutations in the mismatch repair genes and confers an extraordinarily high risk of colorectal, endometrial, and other cancers. however, while carriers of these mutations should be identified, counseled, and offered clinical surveillance, at present the mutations are not tested for in mutation analyses.	2004	14871915
safety of cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccine in a large cohort of children and adolescents.	to determine the safety of cold-adapted trivalent intranasal influenza virus vaccine (caiv) in children and adolescents.	2004	14872180
using the internet for partner notification of sexually transmitted diseases--los angeles county, california, 2003.	an estimated one third of internet visits by persons aged > or =18 years are to sexually oriented websites, chat rooms, and news groups that enable users to view sexual images or participate in online discussions of a sexual nature. although so-called "virtual sex" carries no risk for transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (stds), including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), use of the internet to find partners for actual sexual activity does carry such risk. during 2001-2003, of 759 men ...	2004	14981362
active smoking, household passive smoking, and breast cancer: evidence from the california teachers study.	there is great interest in whether exposure to tobacco smoke, a substance containing human carcinogens, may contribute to a woman's risk of developing breast cancer. to date, literature addressing this question has been mixed, and the question has seldom been examined in large prospective study designs.	2004	14709736
acquisition of different isolates of anaplasma phagocytophilum by ixodes scapularis from a model animal.	the prevalence of etiologic agents in ticks reflects the intensity of their transmission in natural cycles and is an important measure of their potential to cause human disease. the distribution of anaplasma phagocytophilum within the range of its primary vectors is patchy. even nearby sites differ dramatically in the prevalence of anaplasma in questing ticks. we hypothesized that this irregular distribution may be due in part to variations in acquisition rates of different isolates of a. phagoc ...	2004	15018773
toward general experimentation and discovery in conditioned laboratory spaces: part i. experimental ph change findings at some remote sites.	to fulfill the general scientific method requirement for one of our earlier minnesota experiments, namely that laboratory spaces operated by other investigators at different sites in the united states can be conditioned to a higher electromagnetic gauge symmetry state than our normal background state and such a space can be specifically tuned so that the ph of purified water in equilibrium with air will be increased by approximately 1.0 ph unit with no chemical additions.	2004	15025888
tenet to offer discounts.		2004	15029817
transmission. parolee who bit office after claiming hiv, gets 13 years.		2004	15045983
development of acute inhalation reference exposure levels (rels) to protect the public from predictable excursions of airborne toxicants.	uniform guidelines have been developed for the derivation of 1-h acute inhalation reference exposure levels (rels) applicable to the general public exposed routinely to hazardous substances released into the environment. existing acute exposure guidance values developed by other organizations have been examined, and strengths and weaknesses in these existing guidelines have been identified. the results of that examination have led to the development of a reproducible and resource-intensive metho ...	2004	15052612
identifying work organization targets for a work-related musculoskeletal symptom prevention program.	while research linking work organization factors to work-related musculoskeletal disorders has been increasing, there is still a need to delineate specific dimensions to be targeted by intervention programs. the present cross-sectional investigation identified work organization risk factors for low back (lb) and upper extremity (ue) symptoms and determined the magnitudes of such associations. questionnaires containing items on ergonomic, individual psychosocial, and occupational psychosocial fac ...	2004	15055501
human behaviors elevating exposure to ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs and their associated bacterial zoonotic agents in a hardwood forest.	epidemiological evidence suggests that the nymph of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus cooley and kohls, is the primary vector of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt, and brenner, to humans in northwestern california. in spring 2002, six different human behaviors were evaluated as potential risk factors for acquiring i. pacificus nymphs in a deciduous woodland in mendocino county, california. also, the prevalence of b. burgdorferi sen ...	2004	15061284
reptiles, amphibians, and human salmonella infection: a population-based, case-control study.	to estimate the burden of reptile- and amphibian-associated salmonella infections, we conducted 2 case-control studies of human salmonellosis occurring during 1996-1997. the studies took place at 5 foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) surveillance areas: all of minnesota and oregon and selected counties in california, connecticut, and georgia. the first study included 463 patients with serogroup b or d salmonella infection and 7618 population-based controls. the second study ...	2004	15095197
mri: are you playing your system like a fiddle or a stradivarius? where we are headed and how to keep up.	dr. raymond damadian performed the first human magnetic resonance imaging (mri) scan in 1977. unveiled from behind the research curtain, mri technology was introduced to the clinical environment by the mid 1980s. most academic and largehospitals lined up right away and purchased their first scanners as soon as they became available. the race began, and the mri learning process at radiology departments all over the world started. as with any growing technology, came a surge of competition--manufa ...	2004	15098902
genetic landmarks through philately - autism spectrum disorders: a genetic update.	autism spectrum disorders (asd) represent a heterogeneous group of developmental disorders that present a challenge to geneticists because of their complex etiology and inheritance. this article reviews some of the advances in our understanding of causation in asd and the role in which molecular genetic investigations have helped in unraveling the mystery of asd. there have been few postage stamps issued relevant to asd. because of the need for early diagnosis and improved recognition, some coun ...	2004	15099341
seroprevalence of bartonella infection in american free-ranging and captive pumas (felis concolor) and bobcats (lynx rufus).	bartonella henselae is the main agent of cat scratch disease in humans and domestic cats are the main reservoir of this bacterium. we conducted a serosurvey to investigate the role of american wild felids as a potential reservoir of bartonella species. a total of 479 samples (439 serum samples and 40 nobuto strips) collected between 1984 and 1999 from pumas (felis concolor) and 91 samples (58 serum samples and 33 nobuto strips) collected from bobcats (lynx rufus) in north america, central americ ...	2004	15099499
reemerging leptospirosis, california.	leptospirosis is a reemerging infectious disease in california. leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis throughout the world, though it is infrequently diagnosed in the continental united states. from 1982 to 2001, most reported california cases occurred in previously healthy young adult white men after recreational exposures to contaminated freshwater. we report five recent cases of human leptospirosis acquired in california, including the first documented common-source outbreak of human ...	2004	15109405
operational conditions affecting the vaccination of older adults.	the content and context of the process of vaccinating older adults against influenza in outpatient settings has not been adequately described. failure to appreciate the causal antecedents or precursors to the act of provider recommendation may explain why so many efficacious interventions identified by the u.s. task force on community preventive services fail to be routinely implemented and why influenza immunization rates have remained static over the past decade.	2004	15110051
california dog owner awarded 39,000 dollars in veterinary malpractice suit.		2004	15112764
sexual relationships, secondary syringe exchange, and gender differences in hiv risk among drug injectors.	injection drug use continues to place women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) through both risky injecting practices and risky sexual behavior with male injection drug users (idus). although attendance at syringe-exchange programs (seps) is protective against hiv, a recent study found that women attending seps who exchanged syringes for other people (secondary exchange) were at greater risk for hiv seroconversion, potentially through risky sexual behavior. we examined this question ...	2004	15136658
comparison of hiv infection risk behaviors among injection drug users from east and west coast us cities.	this study assessed whether behavioral differences explained higher human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence among injection drug users (idus) in three east coast versus two west coast cities in the united states. sociodemographic, sexual, and injecting information were collected during semiannual face-to-face interviews. baseline data from new york city; baltimore, maryland; and new haven, connecticut, were compared with data from los angeles, california, and san jose, california. amon ...	2004	15136659
exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california.	exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ...	2004	15137484
language revitalization in native north america--issues of intellectual property rights and intellectual sovereignty.	language revitalization, oral tradition and epistemology are expressions of native peoples intellectual sovereignty, and thus the foundation for indigenous intellectual property rights. as the people of california move towards language and cultural revitalization the question arises: what constitutes or constructs the definitions of intellectual property and how can appropriation of indigenous knowledge be protected? looking at the issues faced by the california's indigenous populace and by impl ...	2004	15156749
body mass index, leptin and leptin receptor polymorphisms, and non-hodgkin lymphoma.	in a population-based case-control study, obesity was associated with elevated odds ratios (ors) for non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl), and the two major subtypes, diffuse large cell (dlcl) and follicular lymphoma (fl). those who were obese (body mass index >/= 30) were up to three times more likely to develop nhl or its major subtypes than persons with body mass index of 20 to <25. obesity-related genetic factors including common polymorphisms in the leptin gene (lep a19g and g-2548a) and its receptor ...	2004	15159310
really, most sincerely dead: policy and procedure in the diagnosis of death by neurologic criteria.		2004	15159462
antiretroviral adherence in persons with hiv/aids and severe mental illness.	this study identified factors impacting adherence to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) therapies in a sample of 46 persons diagnosed with hiv/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and severe mental illness who were receiving care through a day care program in northern california. comprehensive descriptions of factors and circumstances that influence adherence behaviors were obtained through critical incident interviews, and a taxonomy of adherence factors was determined. a chi2 analysis that exam ...	2004	15167402
pcr detection of pathogenic viruses in southern california urban rivers.	to investigate human viral contamination in urban rivers and its impact on coastal waters of southern california, usa.	2004	15186438
west nile virus activity--united states, june 16-22, 2004.	as of june 22, 2004, seven states reported a total of 32 human cases of west nile virus (wnv) illness to cdc through arbonet. twenty cases were reported from arizona, six cases from california, two cases from florida, and one case each from nebraska, new mexico, south dakota, and wyoming. twenty-three (72%) of the cases occurred in males; the median age of patients was 52 years (range: 9-78 years), and dates of illness onset ranged from may 8 to june 7. sixteen (50%) of the patients had neuroinv ...	2004	15215743
west nile virus activity--united states, june 23-29, 2004.	as of june 29, eight states had reported a total of 57 human cases of west nile virus (wnv) illness to cdc through arbonet in 2004. a total of 38 cases had been reported from arizona, 10 from california, three from new mexico, two from florida, and one each from michigan, nebraska, south dakota, and wyoming. thirty-six (64%) of the cases occurred in males; the median age of patients was 53 years (range: 9-84 years), and dates of illness onset ranged from april 23 to june 15. of the 57 cases, one ...	2004	15229416
hepatitis a in hispanic children who live along the united states-mexico border: the role of international travel and food-borne exposures.	hispanic children who live along the united states-mexico border historically have had among the highest hepatitis a rates in the united states, but risk factors have not been well characterized. the objective of this study was to examine risk factors associated with acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in hispanic children who live along the united states-mexico border in san diego county, california.	2004	15231975
trends in primary and secondary syphilis and hiv infections in men who have sex with men--san francisco and los angeles, california, 1998-2002.	because syphilis infection facilitates acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), recent outbreaks of syphilis among men who have sex with men (msm) in major u.s. cities, including san francisco and los angeles, and reported increases in sexual risk behavior have raised concerns about potential increases in hiv transmission. in 2002, msm accounted for the majority of primary and secondary (p&s) syphilis cases in men reported in san francisco (93%) and los angeles (81%). ...	2004	15241298
west nile virus activity--united states, june 30-july 6, 2004.	during june 30-july 6, a total of 21 human cases of west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from two states (arizona and california). during 2004, eight states have reported a total of 78 human cases of wnv illness to cdc through arbonet. of these, 57 (73%) were reported from arizona. forty-seven (61%) of the 78 cases occurred in males; the median age of patients was 53 years (range: 1-84 years); the dates of illness onset ranged from april 23 to june 28; and one case was fatal.	2004	15241302
associations among irs1, irs2, igf1, and igfbp3 genetic polymorphisms and colorectal cancer.	insulin, insulin-like growth factor (igf), and igf binding protein (igfbp) are involved in cell growth and proliferation and are thought to be important in the etiology of colorectal cancer. we hypothesize that genetic polymorphisms of insulin receptor substrates (irs-1 and irs-2), igf-i, and igfbp-3 alter colorectal cancer risk because of their roles in the insulin-related signaling pathway.	2004	15247132
t-cell lymphoma in hiv-infected patients.	linkage of aids and cancer registries has indicated an increase in t-cell lymphomas among individuals infected with the hiv. the characteristics of t-cell versus b-cell lymphoma in hiv-infected patients are not well described. retrospectively, 11 cases of t-cell lymphoma were identified from the aids-lymphoma registry at the university of southern california. these patients were compared with 418 consecutive hiv-seropositive patients with b-cell lymphoma diagnosed and treated within the same tim ...	2004	15247554
in science's name, lucrative trade in body parts.		2004	15250086
heavy metals in sediments and lobster (panulirus gracilis) from the discharge area of the submarine sewage outfall in mazatlán bay (se gulf of california).	concentrations of selected heavy metals in lobster (panulirus gracilis) tissues and sediments (bulk and bioavailable fractions) from an area influenced by sewage discharge in mazatlán bay were determined. cd, cu, fe, pb, and zn in the sediments showed enrichment factors higher than one related to the discharge and were higher than the lower values of the sediment quality guidelines proposed by noaa and ccme. in addition to the high levels, relatively high bioavailability in the sediments was est ...	2004	15253046
the extraordinary vulnerability of people with disabilities: guidelines for oral health professionals.	in the last 40 years, there has been a dramatic shift in living arrangements for people with disabilities from large state institutions to community-based care. this shift has required communities to increase their clinical capacity including oral health care systems. oral health professionals must be cognizant that the rate of abuse and neglect experienced by people with developmental disabilities and other special needs is at least four times the rate experienced by the general population. the ...	2004	15253459
forensic odontology: a global activity.	forensic odontology is an important and expanding field of dentistry. the application of these forensic techniques in identification, criminal justice and dental liability are being practiced worldwide. in some mass disaster events, notably large commercial aircraft crashes, the traumatic forces are such that fragmentation and conflagration result in only the most durable of human tissues-dentition survive and become a potential source of identification.	2004	15253463
west nile virus activity united states, july 7-13, 2004.	during the week of july 7-13, a total of 30 human west nile virus illness cases were reported from four states (arizona, california, colorado, and iowa). during 2004, a total of 10 states have reported a total of 108 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness to cdc through arbonet. of these, 66 (61%) were reported from arizona. sixty-one (58%) of the 108 cases occurred in males; median age of patients was 52 years (range: 1-84 years); dates of illness onset ranged from april 23 to july 5; and ...	2004	15254454
contact investigation for cases of pulmonary mycobacterium bovis.	a local tuberculosis control program in san diego county, california.	2004	15260279
environment-dependent admixture dynamics in a tiger salamander hybrid zone.	after an estimated five million years of independent evolution, the barred tiger salamander (ambystoma tigrinum mavortium) was introduced by bait dealers into the native range of the california tiger salamander (a. californiense). hybridization and backcrossing have been occurring in central california for 50-60 years, or an estimated 15-30 generations. we studied genetic and ecological factors influencing admixture of these two divergent gene pools by analyzing frequencies of hybrid genotypes i ...	2004	15266977
the health of the california region bordering mexico.	healthy border (hb) 2010 is the health promotion and disease prevention agenda through the year 2010 of the united states-mexico border health commission (bhc). on the united states side, it draws from the healthy people (hp) 2010 objectives, identifying those most important and relevant for the border. the bhc has harmonized the list of objectives from both countries into a set of 19 that will be monitored and addressed in a collaborative manner. hb provides a framework for describing the borde ...	2004	15269517
west nile virus activity--united states, july 14-20, 2004.	during the week of july 14-20, a total of 74 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from seven states (arizona, california, florida, new mexico, new york, south dakota, and texas).	2004	15269701
west nile virus activity--united states, july 21-27, 2004.	during july 21-27, a total of 83 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 13 states (alabama, arizona, arkansas, california, colorado, florida, illinois, iowa, missouri, new mexico, ohio, pennsylvania, and south dakota).	2004	15282450
dangshen (codonopsis pilosula) and bai guo (gingko biloba) enhance learning and memory.	an exploration of the usefulness of several common chinese herbs used for acquisition and retention singly or in combination is required.	2004	15285274
west nile virus activity--united states, july 28-august 3, 2004.	during july 28-august 3, a total of 141 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 11 states (alabama, arizona, california, colorado, florida, illinois, nevada, new york, north dakota, south dakota, and texas). during 2004, a total of 20 states have reported a total of 406 cases of human wnv illness to cdc through arbonet. of these, 247 (61%) were reported from arizona. a total of 226 (57%) of the 406 cases occurred in males; the median age of patients was 51 years (range: 1 ...	2004	15295314
west nile virus activity--united states, august 4-10, 2004.	during august 4-10, a total of 89 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 14 states (alabama, arizona, california, florida, illinois, kentucky, louisiana, minnesota, mississippi, missouri, new mexico, north dakota, south dakota, and wyoming).	2004	15306758
effectiveness of influenza vaccine during pregnancy in preventing hospitalizations and outpatient visits for respiratory illness in pregnant women and their infants.	the advisory committee on immunization practices of the centers for disease control and prevention recommends influenza vaccination for women who will be in the second or third trimester of pregnancy during the influenza season. we analyzed hospital admissions with principal diagnoses of influenza or pneumonia and influenza-like illness (ili) outpatient visits to study the effectiveness of influenza vaccine during pregnancy in protecting women and infants from influenza-related morbidity. estima ...	2004	15311370
detection and characterization of borrelia bissettii in rodents from the central california coast.	this is the first report of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents from san luis obispo county, with most isolates obtained from a previously unreported host, neotoma lepida thomas. b. burgdorferi sensu lato was identified in seven rodent species, including the california vole, microtus californicus peale; dusky-footed woodrat, neotoma fuscipes baird; desert woodrat, neotoma lepida thomas; brush mouse, peromyscus boylii baird; california mouse, peromyscus californicus gambel; deer mouse, per ...	2004	15311469
west nile virus activity--united states, august 11-17, 2004.	during august 11-17, a total of 194 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 17 states (alabama, arizona, california, colorado, florida, illinois, louisiana, maryland, minnesota, mississippi, missouri, new mexico, ohio, south dakota, texas, utah, and virginia).	2004	15318160
understanding the challenges in recruiting blacks to a longitudinal cohort study: the adventist health study.	this paper presents findings from formative research exploring black seventh-day adventist church members' attitudes about black non-participation in past studies, and suggestions for recruiting 45,000 blacks to an upcoming longitudinal cohort study. data were collected in california and pennsylvania, using 15 key informant interviews and 6 focus groups. key findings supported and elucidated existing literature on the barriers to minority recruitment, and included: a general mistrust of the medi ...	2004	15328945
west nile virus activity--united states, august 18-24, 2004.	during august 18-24, a total of 154 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 18 states (alabama, arizona, california, colorado, connecticut, florida, georgia, illinois, kentucky, minnesota, mississippi, missouri, nevada, new mexico, north carolina, south dakota, tennessee, and wisconsin).	2004	15329654
synergism of alcohol, diabetes, and viral hepatitis on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in blacks and whites in the u.s.	heavy alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis, and diabetes are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). however, to the authors' knowledge, the information concerning their interaction effect in patients with risk of hcc is sparse.	2004	15329910
antineoplastic agents. 510. isolation and structure of dolastatin 19 from the gulf of california sea hare dolabella auricularia.	the gulf of california shell-less mollusc dolabella auricularia has been found to contain a new 14-membered macrocyclic lactone linked to a 2,4-di-o-methyl-l-alpha-rhamnopyranoside, designated dolastatin 19 (1). the new cancer cell growth inhibitor (1, 8.33 x 10(-8)% yield) was obtained by bioassay (p388 lymphocytic leukemia and human cancer cell lines) directed isolation, accompanied by debromoaplysiatoxin (9.17 x 10(-7)% yield) and anhydrodebromoaplysiatoxin (2.0 x 10(-7)% yield). the structur ...	2004	15332837
west nile virus activity--united states, august 25-31, 2004.	during august 25-31, a total of 210 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 14 states (arizona, california, florida, illinois, indiana, kansas, maryland, minnesota, montana, nevada, new mexico, north dakota, oklahoma, and pennsylvania).	2004	15343148
decrease in hospitalization and mortality rates among children with perinatally acquired hiv type 1 infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.	the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) disease progression in perinatally infected children is not well documented. this study aims to identify the effect of evolving antiretroviral therapy on the immunologic and virologic status of and hospitalization and mortality rates among perinatally infected children.	2004	15356789
education of garment workers: prevention of work related musculoskeletal disorders.	this educational intervention was designed as part of a garment worker occupational health and safety initiative, with the goal to reduce musculoskeletal symptoms in this monolingual cantonese speaking population. using risk communication and the chinese concepts of yin and yang, the class curriculum was designed to be participatory. it focused on linking symptoms to high risk work activities; explaining the nature of musculoskeletal injury; and encouraging compliance with self care measures of ...	2004	15357372
identification of novel and rare mutations in california hispanic and african american cystic fibrosis patients.	in ethnic heterogeneous california, complete genetic information is currently lacking to build solid population-based cystic fibrosis (cf) screening programs because a large proportion of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (cftr/abcc7) are still unknown, especially in non-caucasian patients. a total of 402 [46 african american+356 hispanic] hispanic and african american patients from california cf patient registry were included in this study. patients with ...	2004	15365999
west nile virus activity--united states, september 8-14, 2004.	during september 8-14, a total of 195 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 26 states (alabama, arizona, arkansas, california, colorado, florida, georgia, idaho, illinois, iowa, kansas, maryland, minnesota, missouri, nebraska, nevada, new mexico, new york, north dakota, oklahoma, oregon, pennsylvania, south dakota, tennessee, texas, and wisconsin).	2004	15371969
associations between particle number and gaseous co-pollutant concentrations in the los angeles basin.	continuous measurements of particle number (pn), particle mass (pm10), and gaseous pollutants [carbon monoxide (co), nitric oxide (no), oxides of nitrogen (nox), and ozone (o3)] were performed at five urban sites in the los angeles basin to support the university of southern california children's health study in 2002. the degree of correlation between hourly pn and concentrations of co, no, and nitrogen dioxide (no2) at each site over the entire year was generally low to moderate (r values in th ...	2004	15373367
age and sex dependent variations in the normal magnetocardiogram compared with changes associated with ischemia.	magnetocardiography is the measurement of the magnetic fields of the heart. human studies performed in magnetically shielded laboratories have demonstrated that magnetocardiograms (mcgs) can detect ischemia. the aim of this study was to obtain clinically useful mcgs in an unshielded hospital room. other objectives included understanding the normal variations in mcg during repolarization and determining the mcg parameters that best discriminate patients with ischemia from healthy controls. we mea ...	2004	15446505
acute toxicity and cancer risk assessment values for tert-butyl acetate.	tert-butyl acetate (tbac) is an industrial chemical with potential uses as a degreaser and in architectural coatings. limited chronic toxicity data exist for tbac. however, acute inhalation exposure data are available for tbac. additionally, tbac has been demonstrated to be substantially metabolized to tert-butanol (tba) in rats, and a positive tba genotoxicity study suggests that tba may cause oxidative dna damage. tba has been shown to induce tumors in both rats and mice, and the office of env ...	2004	15450719