Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| genotyping of escherichia coli from environmental and animal samples. | the triplex pcr of clermont et al. [clermont, o., bonacorsi, s., bingen, e., 2000. rapid and simple determination of the escherichia coli phylogenetic groups. appl. environ. microbiol. 66, 4555-4558.] was used to genotype e. coli isolates from the mid-atlantic region of the usa, obtained from freshwater, animal internal organs, and feces. of 445 isolates subjected to genotyping, 118 isolates (26%) were genotype a, 111 (25%) genotype d, 140 (31%) genotype b1, and 76 (17%) genotype b2. all four ge ... | 2007 | 17521755 |
| differential cytokine and chemokine responses of bovine mammary epithelial cells to staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. | we studied the inflammatory and immune responses of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bmec) infected by mastitis isolates of staphylococcus aureus. primary cultures of bmec were co-incubated separately with three strains of s. aureus and one strain of escherichia coli. transcriptional levels and/or protein release of interleukin-8 (il-8), growth related oncogene alpha (gro-alpha), growth related oncogene beta (gro-beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), trans ... | 2007 | 17532224 |
| development and validation of a most-probable-numberimmunomagnetic separation methodology of enumerating escherichia coli o157 in cattle feces. | a method to validate enumeration of escherichia coli o157 in fecal samples from feedlot cattle was developed in these studies. due to background flora, bovine fecal sample enumeration cannot be performed by simple direct plating techniques. known quantities of e. coli o157:h7 were inoculated into feces, and populations were determined by direct plating of the cocktail (studies 1, 2, and 3) and manure and cocktail (studies 4 and 5) mixtures and compared with a most-probable-number (mpn)-immunomag ... | 2007 | 17536662 |
| effects of a minimal hide wash cabinet on the levels and prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella on the hides of beef cattle at slaughter. | harborage of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella on animal hides at slaughter is the main source of beef carcass contamination during processing. given this finding, interventions have been designed and implemented to target the hides of cattle following entry into beef processing plants. previous interventions targeting hides have not been suitable for all beef processing plants because of cost and space restrictions. in this study, a hide wash cabinet was evaluated to determine whether it ... | 2007 | 17536663 |
| antimicrobial resistance patterns of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 and o157:h7- from different origins. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) serotypes including o157:h7 (n = 129) from dairy cows, cull dairy cow feces, cider, salami, human feces, ground beef, bulk tank milk, bovine feces, and lettuce; and o157:h7- (n = 24) isolated from bovine dairy and bovine feedlot cows were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance against 26 antimicrobials and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (teta, tetb, tetc, tetd, tete, tetg, flor, cmla, stra, strb, suli, sulii, and ampc). all e. coli ex ... | 2007 | 17536933 |
| phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns of escherichia coli isolated from dairy cows with mastitis. | pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns, susceptibility to 26 antimicrobial agents used in veterinary and human medicine, and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes of escherichia coli isolated from cows with mastitis were evaluated. among 135 e. coli isolates, pfge analysis revealed 85 different genetic patterns. all e. coli were resistant to two or more antimicrobials in different combinations. most e. coli were resistant to antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine including a ... | 2007 | 17544234 |
| simple methods for measurement of bovine mucosal antibody responses in vivo. | the mucosal immune response serves as the first line of defence against many bacterial and viral diseases. therefore, measurement of mucosal immune responses is important in evaluating mucosal immunisation protocols and understanding initial host/pathogen interactions. in this study we compare two methods for repeated sampling of bovine rectal mucosal secretions, namely rectal swabbing and rectal biopsies, and evaluate a simple swabbing method for sampling bovine nasal secretions. both rectal sw ... | 2007 | 17544516 |
| [construction and analysis of rumen bacterial artificial chromosome library from a dairy cow rumen microflora]. | the high molecular weight dna was extracted and purified directly from rumen samples in the study by using culture-independent and pulsed field gel electrophoresis approaches. after digestion with hind iii, dna fragments ranging from 50-100 kb was collected and ligated to pcc bac vector. the ligation mixture was transformed into e. coli epi300 and a rumen metagenomic bac library with about 15360 clones was constructed. the average insert size is about 54.5 kb, mostly ranging from 50-70 kb, and t ... | 2007 | 17552222 |
| evaluation of two library-independent microbial source tracking methods to identify sources of fecal contamination in french estuaries. | in order to identify the origin of the fecal contamination observed in french estuaries, two library-independent microbial source tracking (mst) methods were selected: (i) bacteroidales host-specific 16s rrna gene markers and (ii) f-specific rna bacteriophage genotyping. the specificity of the bacteroidales markers was evaluated on human and animal (bovine, pig, sheep, and bird) feces. two human-specific markers (hf183 and hf134), one ruminant-specific marker (cf193'), and one pig-specific marke ... | 2007 | 17557850 |
| a peptide derived from human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) exerts bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from clinical cases of bovine mastitis. | gram-negative bacteria are responsible for approximately one-third of the clinical cases of bovine mastitis and can elicit a life-threatening, systemic inflammatory response. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a membrane component of gram-negative bacteria and is largely responsible for evoking the inflammatory response. antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy for treating gram-negative infections remains suboptimal. bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) is a neutrophil-derived protein wi ... | 2007 | 17560054 |
| phenotypic and genotypic traits of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from beef cattle from paraná state, southern brazil. | to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in cattle from paraná state, southern brazil. | 2007 | 17576221 |
| microbial source tracking in a rural watershed dominated by cattle. | antibiotic resistance analysis (ara), frequency of sampling, and seasonality were evaluated in a rural virginia watershed dominated by cattle. the selected watershed (mill creek) was 3767 ha in size, included two small communities (one sewered and one unsewered), and several farms that when combined contained over 3800 beef and dairy cattle. monthly monitoring of fecal coliforms at two sampling sites in mill creek from january to december, 2001, revealed that the recreational standard (1000 colo ... | 2007 | 17582454 |
| bovine blood neutrophil acyloxyacyl hydrolase (aoah) activity during endotoxin and coliform mastitis. | the dynamics of blood neutrophil acyloxyacyl hydrolase (aoah) activity, the appearance of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, lps) in blood and the role of blood neutrophil aoah in the severity of escherichia coli and endotoxin mastitis were investigated in early postpartum dairy cows experimentally challenged with either endotoxin (n = 6) or e. coli (n = 6). the aoah activity of blood neutrophils started to decrease significantly at post challenge hours (pch) 6-24 and 12-24 in the endotoxin and e. c ... | 2007 | 17583663 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolated from organic dairy farms, conventional dairy farms, and county fairs in minnesota. | this study compared the antimicrobial susceptibility of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolates from organic dairy farms, conventional dairy farms, and minnesota county fairs. a total of 83 stec isolates (43 o157 and 40 non-o157 stec) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility as determined by the automated broth microdilution method. resistance to tetracycline was identified in 19 (23%) isolates and to sulphadimethoxine in 40 (48%) isolates. half of the stec isolates were resis ... | 2007 | 17600485 |
| distribution of escherichia coli 0157 and salmonella on hide surfaces, the oral cavity, and in feces of feedlot cattle. | to determine the distribution of pathogens on cattle hides at the feedlot, samples were collected from six hide surface locations (back, flank, hock, neck, perineum, and ventrum), the oral cavity, the rectal-anal junction, and the feces of feedlot cattle and subjected to escherichia coli 0157 detection via culture methods and to salmonella detection via pcr. e. coli 0157 was isolated from one or more of the sampling locations from 31 (42.5%) of the 73 animals sampled. location-specific prevalenc ... | 2007 | 17612062 |
| detection of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli serogroups 0157 and 026 in the cecal content and lymphatic tissue of cattle at slaughter in italy. | verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) has emerged as a foodborne pathogen that can cause severe and potentially fatal illnesses, such as hemorrhagic colitis or the hemolytic uremic syndrome. in this study, 182 cattle at slaughter (119 dairy cows and 63 feedlot cattle) were randomly selected and tested for the presence of vtec serogroups o26, o103, o111, o145, and o157 in their cecal content and lymphatic tissue (tonsils or mesenteric lymph nodes). a total of 364 samples were evaluated ... | 2007 | 17612082 |
| distribution of virulence profiles related to new toxins and putative adhesins in shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolated from diverse sources in brazil. | the distribution of virulence markers related to cytolethal distending toxin-v (cdt-v), subtilase cytotoxin (subab), the enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli factor for adherence (efa1), the adhesin similar to irga (iha), the long polar fimbriae (lpfo113), the autoagglutinating adhesin (saa), and the protein required for full expression of adherence of o157:h7 sakai strain (toxb) was investigated in 121 shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) strains isolated in brazil. stec strains were isolated fro ... | 2007 | 17651390 |
| characterization of asparaginyl endopeptidase, legumain induced by blood feeding in the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | we characterize here a cdna from the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis, which encodes an asparaginyl endopeptidase, legumain (hllgm), that was present as a functional molecule in the midgut of this tick. endogenous hllgm was detected as a 38-kda antigen in h. longicornis extracts and was seen throughout all developmental stages. endogenous hllgm was mainly localized in the midgut epithelium by immunohistochemistry, and was shown to be up-regulated by the host blood-feeding process. recombina ... | 2007 | 17681230 |
| reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in pet animals. | increasing amounts of antimicrobials are used in pets, including substances used in human medicine (in particular, broad-spectrum agents such as clavulante-potentiated aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones). there is evidence that resistance to antimicrobials is growing among bacteria causing infection in pets. these bacteria include staphylococcus intermedius and escherichia coli, as well as other organisms of clinical importance in humans, including methicillin-resistant staph ... | 2007 | 17683019 |
| fate of escherichia coi o157:h7 during on-farm dairy manure-based composting. | studies were conducted to determine the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy manure-based compost in a field setting. two trials were performed involving duplicate compost heaps constructed at an outdoor fenced site. the compost heaps were composed of dairy manure, old hay, feed waste, a mixture of sawdust and calf feces, and fresh hay. samples of the composting mixture were inoculated with stx-negative e. coli o157:h7 b6914 at initial concentrations of 10(7) and 10(5) cfu/g for trial 1 and ... | 2007 | 18095421 |
| cdna cloning and overexpression of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein p1 gene (rplp1) from the giant panda. | rplp1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by rplp1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. the cdna of rplp1 was cloned successfully for the first time from the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) using rt-pcr technology, which was also sequenced, analyzed preliminarily and expressed in e.coli. the cdna fragment cloned is 449bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 344bp encoding 114 amino acids. alignment analysis indicated that th ... | 2007 | 18071584 |
| efficacy of dose regimen and observation of herd immunity from a vaccine against escherichia coli o157:h7 for feedlot cattle. | a clinical trial was conducted to test the effect of a vaccine product containing type iii secreted proteins of escherichia coli o157:h7 on the probability that feedlot steers shed e. coli o157:h7 in feces. six hundred eight same-source steers were utilized. of these, 480 steers were assigned randomly to 60 pens (eight head per pen) and to one of four vaccination treatments (120 cattle per treatment, two head per treatment per pen). the four treatments were (i) no vaccination; (ii) one dose, vac ... | 2007 | 18044435 |
| evidence of tandem repeat and extra thiol-groups resulted in the polymeric formation of bovine haptoglobin: a unique structure of hp 2-2 phenotype. | human plasma hp is classified as 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2. they are inherited from two alleles hp 1 and hp 2, but there is only hp 1 in almost all the animal species. hp 2-2 molecule is extremely large and heterogeneous associated with the development of inflammatory-related diseases. in this study, we expressed entire bovine hp in e. coli as a alphabeta linear form. interestingly, the antibodies prepared against this form could recognize the subunit of native hp. in stead of a complicated column metho ... | 2007 | 18047801 |
| [infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral gg expression and gg-elisa development]. | taking the genome dna of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) as the template, the gg gene was amplified with pcr and cloned into the t cloning vector pmd18-t. after being identified by restriction digestion and dna sequencing, the insert was subcloned into the expression vector pgex-kg. sodium docecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and western blot assay showed that this gene was expressed as both soluble form and inclusion body by the transformed e. coli bl21 s ... | 2007 | 18051856 |
| the eadgene microarray data analysis workshop (open access publication). | microarray analyses have become an important tool in animal genomics. while their use is becoming widespread, there is still a lot of ongoing research regarding the analysis of microarray data. in the context of a european network of excellence, 31 researchers representing 14 research groups from 10 countries performed and discussed the statistical analyses of real and simulated 2-colour microarray data that were distributed among participants. the real data consisted of 48 microarrays from a di ... | 2007 | 18053572 |
| natural antibodies related to energy balance in early lactation dairy cows. | the objectives of this study were to determine the presence of natural antibodies (nab) in plasma and milk of individual dairy cows and to study the relation between nab concentrations and energy balance (eb) and dietary energy source. cows (n = 76) were fed a mainly glucogenic, lipogenic, or a mixture of both diets (50:50 dry matter basis) from wk 3 before the expected calving date until wk 9 postpartum. diets were isocaloric (net energy basis) and equal in intestinal digestible protein. blood ... | 2007 | 18024740 |
| source tracking of escherichia coli by 16s-23s intergenic spacer region denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of the rrnb ribosomal operon. | this research validates a novel approach for source tracking based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of dna extracted from escherichia coli isolates. escherichia coli from different animal sources and from river samples upstream from, at, and downstream of a combined sewer overflow were subjected to dgge to determine sequence variations within the 16s-23s intergenic spacer region (isr) of the rrnb ribosomal operon. the isr was analyzed to determine if e. coli isolates fr ... | 2007 | 18026210 |
| surveillance of dairy production holdings supplying raw milk to the farmhouse cheese sector for escherichia coli o157, o26 and o111. | clinically healthy domestic animals can harbour escherichia coli o157 and other verocytotoxigenic e. coli (vtec) strains in their faeces. milk filters can be used to microbiologically monitor direct milk secretion and environmental contamination for these pathogens. the aim of this study was to establish baseline data on the prevalence and characteristics of vtec organisms in lactating animals (bovine, ovine and caprine) supplying milk to the farmhouse cheese sector, with particular emphasis on ... | 2007 | 18035974 |
| a retrospective study of the aetiology and temporal distribution of bovine clinical mastitis in smallholder dairy herds in the dar es salaam region of tanzania. | a 31-year record-based retrospective study was carried out to determine the aetiology and temporal distribution of bovine clinical mastitis in smallholder dairy herds in the dar es salaam region of tanzania over the period november 1971-december 2002. laboratory information on 1964 quarter samples from 1365 cows in 281 smallholder dairy herds were retrieved, compiled and studied. eighty-eight percent of the quarter samples were culture-positive and the predominant mastitis pathogens isolated wer ... | 2007 | 16516507 |
| adrenomedullin (am) and adrenomedullin binding protein (am-bp) in the bovine mammary gland and milk: effects of stage of lactation and experimental intramammary e. coli infection. | adrenomedullin (am) has been characterized as an endogenous tissue survival factor and modulator of many inflammatory processes. because of the increased susceptibility of the mammary gland to infection during the time surrounding parturition in the cow, we investigated how milk and tissue content of am and its binding protein (am-bp) might be affected by the stage of lactation and the udder health status. milk and mammary biopsy samples were obtained from holstein cows 21 days prior to and at v ... | 2007 | 16569490 |
| the cytokine response of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells is changed after intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide in cattle. | the aim of the study was to investigate lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced short and long term changes in capacity for intracellular cytokine-production of bovine circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). eight dairy cows each received three intravenous injections of escherichia coli lps (10, 100 and 1000ng/kg, consecutively) at 3week intervals. intracellular cytokine production was determined by flow cytometry in pbmcs obtained 0, 2, 6 and 24h after each lps challenge. after lps adm ... | 2007 | 16914332 |
| antiviral activity of cho-ss cell-derived human omega interferon and other human interferons against hcv rna replicons and related viruses. | the fully glycosylated human omega interferon produced from cho-ss cells (glycosylated ifn-omega) has been shown to be well-tolerated in man and to induce a sustained virologic response in patients infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv). we examined the antiviral activity of glycosylated ifn-omega and various human ifns (ifn-alpha, -beta, -gamma and non-glycosylated bacterial (escherichia coli) recombinant ifn-omega (non-glycosylated ifn-omega)) against hcv rna replicons and several viruses relat ... | 2007 | 16987555 |
| wildlife identified as major source of escherichia coli in agriculturally dominated watersheds by box a1r-derived genetic fingerprints. | the presence of escherichia coli in recreational and potable waters is a major concern to the general public as elevated levels of e. coli suggest the presence of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. unfortunately, traditional microbial techniques do not allow specific identification of the source of e. coli. this reduces the ability to target management practices that reduce bacterial contamination. in the finger lakes region of western new york, usa, wildlife resides in relatively high densities o ... | 2007 | 16551490 |
| a novel fusion protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine tuberculosis. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has been widely explored over the years. three mycobacterium bovis-specific antigen genes, namely, mpb70, mpb83, and esat-6 were recombined in tandem by spliced overlap extension technology and expressed in escherichia coli to obtain the fusion protein (rm70-83-e6). western blot analysis showed that rm70-83-e6 can specifically react with bovine tuberculosis-positive sera but not those from cattle infected with other b ... | 2007 | 17023217 |
| virulence markers and genetic relationships of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains from serogroup o111 isolated from cattle. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from healthy cattle (o111:nm, seven strains; o111:h8, three strains) in brazil were studied and compared to previously characterized human strains in regard to their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics to evaluate their pathogenic potential. most bovine stec o111 strains were isolated from dairy calves, and strains with genotypes stx1 alone and stx1/stx2 (variant stx2) occurred in different regions. irrespective of the stx genot ... | 2007 | 17049189 |
| identification of escherichia coli o157:h7 genomic regions conserved in strains with a genotype associated with human infection. | beta-glucuronidase-negative, sorbitol-nonfermenting isolates of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 comprise part of a clone complex of related enterohemorrhagic e. coli isolates. high-resolution genotyping shows that the o157 populations have diverged into two different lineages that appear to have different ecologies. to identify genomic regions unique to the most common human-associated genotype, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify dna sequences present in two c ... | 2007 | 17056689 |
| a simulation model to assess herd-level intervention strategies against e. coli o157. | a simulation model of a herd of grazing cattle, which has been developed to provide insight into the infection dynamics of e. coli o157 is described. the spatially explicit model enables the modelling of the infection transmission processes to be realistically addressed under field management conditions. the model is used to explore the efficacy of various potential control strategies in reducing the levels of within-herd infection. these measures include restricting the size of herds, niche eng ... | 2007 | 17109767 |
| functional and structural aspects of poplar cytosolic and plastidial type a methionine sulfoxide reductases. | the genome of populus trichocarpa contains five methionine sulfoxide reductase a genes. here, both cytosolic (cmsra) and plastidial (pmsra) poplar msras were analyzed. the two recombinant enzymes are active in the reduction of methionine sulfoxide with either dithiothreitol or poplar thioredoxin as a reductant. in both enzymes, five cysteines, at positions 46, 81, 100, 196, and 202, are conserved. biochemical and enzymatic analyses of the cysteine-mutated msras support a catalytic mechanism invo ... | 2007 | 17135266 |
| dual-color fluorescence-burst analysis to probe protein efflux through the mechanosensitive channel mscl. | the mechanosensitive channel protein of large conductance, mscl, from escherichia coli has been implicated in protein efflux, but the passage of proteins through the channel has never been demonstrated. we used dual-color fluorescence-burst analysis to evaluate the efflux of fluorescent labeled compounds through mscl. the method correlates the fluctuations in intensity of fluorescent labeled membranes and encapsulated (macro)molecules (labeled with second fluorophore) for each liposome diffusing ... | 2007 | 17142294 |
| greater diversity of shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion sites among escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates from cattle than in those from humans. | escherichia coli o157:h7, a zoonotic human pathogen for which domestic cattle are a reservoir host, produces a shiga toxin(s) (stx) encoded by bacteriophages. chromosomal insertion sites of these bacteriophages define three principal genotypes (clusters 1 to 3) among clinical isolates of e. coli o157:h7. stx-encoding bacteriophage insertion site genotypes of 282 clinical and 80 bovine isolates were evaluated. a total of 268 (95.0%) of the clinical isolates, but only 41 (51.3%) of the bovine isol ... | 2007 | 17142358 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of the suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (saha) beta-glucuronide and beta-galactoside for application in selective prodrug chemotherapy. | the beta-o-glucuronide and beta-o-galactoside of saha have been prepared and evaluated as prodrugs for selective cancer chemotherapy (adept, pmt). these new compounds are stable under physiological conditions and do not exhibit any antiproliferative activity compared to the parent drug after a 48-h treatment of h661 cells. the glucuronide derivative did not lead to the release of the drug in the presence of either escherichia coli or bovine liver beta-glucuronidase. on the other hand, under enzy ... | 2007 | 17157009 |
| relationships between the density of different indicator organisms on sheep and beef carcasses and in frozen beef and sheep meat. | to describe the relationship between the concentration of different indicator bacteria in red meat. | 2007 | 17184320 |
| phage types, virulence genes and pfge profiles of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 isolated from raw beef, soft cheese and vegetables in lima (peru). | the present study was conducted in lima metropolitana to evaluate the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 in raw beef, raw ground beef, soft cheese and fresh vegetables, sampled at different markets in the city. between october 2000 and february 2001, 407 food samples were collected from different markets in the 42 districts of lima metropolitana. samples were assayed for e. coli o157 by selective enrichment in modified tryptic soy broth containing novobiocin, fol ... | 2007 | 17187886 |
| rectoanal junction colonization of feedlot cattle by escherichia coli o157:h7 and its association with supershedders and excretion dynamics. | feedlot cattle were observed for fecal excretion of and rectoanal junction (raj) colonization with escherichia coli o157:h7 to identify potential "supershedders." raj colonization and fecal excretion prevalences were correlated, and e. coli o157:h7 prevalences and counts were significantly greater for raj samples. based on a comparison of raj and fecal ratios of e. coli o157:h7/e. coli counts, the raj appears to be preferentially colonized by the o157:h7 serotype. five supershedders were identif ... | 2007 | 17220263 |
| the hinge region between two ubiquitin-like domains destabilizes recombinant isg15 in solution. | interferon-stimulated gene (isg) 15 mediates antiviral responses and also is upregulated within the endometrium in response to the developing embryo during early pregnancy. structurally, isg15 resembles two ubiquitin domains (30% identical) that are separated by a hinge region. recombinant (r) bovisg15 is not stable in solution. it was hypothesized that the hinge region contributed to the instability of rbovisg15. within 24 h of dialysis, rbovisg15 formed complexes as detected by reducing and de ... | 2007 | 17223698 |
| expression pattern of prokineticin 1 and its receptors in bovine ovaries during the estrous cycle: involvement in corpus luteum regression and follicular atresia. | prokineticin 1 (prok1), also termed endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (endocrine gland-derived vegf), is a newly identified protein assigned with diverse biologic functions. it binds two homologous g protein-coupled receptors, prokr1 and prokr2. to better understand the roles of prok1 and its receptors in ovarian function, their expression was determined in follicles and corpora lutea (cls) at different developmental stages. prok1 mrna levels were low at early luteal sta ... | 2007 | 17229935 |
| phenotypic characterization of escherichia coli through whole-cell fatty acid profiling to investigate host specificity. | the objective of the study was to investigate whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles of 605 escherichia coli isolates to determine their host specificity. the isolates were cultured from six possible sources of fecal pollution; 180 isolates from sewage, 85 from dairy cow, 98 from chicken, 76 from swine, 94 from deer, and 72 from waterfowl, mostly geese and ducks. the fame profiles were presented as the relative masses of 12 fames identified in the isolates and it was found that none ... | 2007 | 17234236 |
| carriage of four bacterial pathogens by beef cattle in northern ireland at time of slaughter. | to determine the prevalence of four bacterial zoonotic pathogens in beef cattle at time of slaughter in northern ireland (ni), in order to assess their potential for reducing beef safety. | 2007 | 17257247 |
| identification, expression, and functional analyses of a thylakoid atp/adp carrier from arabidopsis. | in plants the chloroplast thylakoid membrane is the site of light-dependent photosynthetic reactions coupled to atp synthesis. the ability of the plant cell to build and alter this membrane system is essential for efficient photosynthesis. a nucleotide translocator homologous to the bovine mitochondrial adp/atp carrier (aac) was previously found in spinach thylakoids. here we have identified and characterized a thylakoid atp/adp carrier (taac) from arabidopsis.(i) sequence homology with the bovi ... | 2007 | 17261580 |
| occurrence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in diverse farm environments. | in the united states, foodborne outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 illness have often been linked to the consumption of contaminated, undercooked ground beef. however, the occurrence of e. coli o157:h7 has also been reported in other farm animals. the objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of e. coli o157:h7 on diverse farm types and from a variety of farm samples. rectal swabs (n=1686) and environmental samples (n=576) were collected from 16 farms in five states over 24 month ... | 2007 | 17265852 |
| rapid enrichment strategy for isolation of listeria from bovine hide, carcass, and meat samples. | since the outbreak of foodborne illness linked to escherichia coli o157:h7 bacteria in ground beef in the early 1980s, the beef processing industry has focused on increasing the safety of beef products by implementing procedures for surveying live cattle, carcasses, and beef products for bacterial pathogens. effective methods are in place for screening cattle and beef products for the presence of e. coli o157:h7 contamination, and recent work has established the acceptability of these methods fo ... | 2007 | 17265860 |
| management of risk of microbial cross-contamination from uncooked frozen hamburgers by alcohol-based hand sanitizer. | this research was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands contaminated with a nonpathogen surrogate for escherichia coli o157:h7, where the source of the contamination was frozen hamburger patties. a nonpathogenic nalidixic acid-resistant food-grade strain of enterobacter aerogenes was used to inoculate frozen hamburger patties composed of 76% lean beef and 24% fat. thirty-two individuals participated to produce the data used in this study. each part ... | 2007 | 17265868 |
| cloning, sequencing, expression, and antigenic characterization of rmsp4 from anaplasma marginale isolated from paraná state, brazil. | anaplasmosis is a bovine intraerythrocytic disease caused by the bacterium anaplasma marginale; it causes significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions, worldwide. the msp4 gene of an a. marginale strain isolated in paran , brazil, was amplified by pcr and sequenced; its cloning into the pet102/d-topo vector produced an msp4-6xhis-v5-hp thioredoxin fusion gene construct. this recombinant clone was over-expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de-3); the expressed fusion protein was f ... | 2007 | 17278086 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of the superantigen streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin g from streptococcus dysgalactiae. | we identified seven novel variants of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin g (spegg), a superantigen, in streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae or equisimilis isolates from clinical cases of infection in humans and animals. phylogenetic analysis of the spegg variants indicated two clades in the dendrogram: one composed of variants derived from the bacteria isolated from the humans and the other composed of variants from the bacteria isolated from the animals. bovine peripheral blood mononucl ... | 2007 | 17283088 |
| nonlabeled quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for bacterial detection using carbohydrate and lectin recognitions. | high percentages of harmful microbes or their secreting toxins bind to specific carbohydrate sequences on human cells at the recognition and attachment sites. a number of studies also show that lectins react with specific structures of bacteria and fungi. in this report, we take advantage of the fact that a high percentage of microorganisms have both carbohydrate and lectin binding pockets at their surface. we demonstrate here for the first time that a carbohydrate nonlabeled mass sensor in comb ... | 2007 | 17295446 |
| shotgun analysis of phospholipids from mouse liver and brain by nanoflow liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. | it was demonstrated that a shotgun approach can be utilized for the characterization of phospholipids (pls) extracted from mouse liver and brain by using nanoflow reversed phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (lc-esi-ms-ms). in this study, a dual scan method was introduced for the high throughput analysis of complex pl mixtures. two consecutive lc-esi-ms-ms runs were made in positive ion mode (for phosphatidylcholines (pcs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (p ... | 2007 | 17296335 |
| transmission of escherichia coli o157:h7 to cattle by house flies. | the main reservoir of escherichia coli o157:h7 is the digestive tract of cattle; however, the ecology of this food-borne pathogen is poorly understood. house flies (musca domestica l.) might play a role in dissemination of this pathogen in the cattle environment. in our study, eight calves were individually exposed to house flies that were orally inoculated with a mixture of four strains of nalidixic acid-resistant e. coli o157:h7 (nal(r)eco157) for 48h. another eight calves were individually ex ... | 2007 | 17306389 |
| survey of the incidence and aetiology of mastitis on dairy farms in england and wales. | a survey of clinical and subclinical mastitis was carried out on 97 dairy farms in england and wales, selected at random from members of a national milk recording scheme. the farmers were asked to collect aseptic milk samples from five consecutive cases of clinical mastitis and from five quarters with high somatic cell counts using a defined protocol, and they completed a questionnaire that included information on the cows sampled, the herd and the history of mastitis in the herd. the samples we ... | 2007 | 17322356 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 infection associated with drinking raw milk--washington and oregon, november-december 2005. | during the week of december 5, 2005, public health officials in clark county, washington, were notified of four county residents with laboratory-confirmed escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. all four residents reported having consumed raw (i.e., unpasteurized) milk obtained from a farm in neighboring cowlitz county, washington. the farm participated in a cow-share program, in which persons purchase interests in, or shares of, dairy cows in return for a portion of the milk produced. the farm had ... | 2007 | 17332727 |
| recombinant eggshell ovocalyxin-32: expression, purification and biological activity of the glutathione s-transferase fusion protein. | the avian eggshell is a highly ordered biomineral composed mainly of calcium carbonate associated with an organic matrix composed of proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. this structure provides the developing embryo with protection from physical damage and microbial invasion. ovocalyxin-32 (ocx-32) is a 32 kda eggshell-specific matrix protein which has been cloned and demonstrates 30% identity with the mammalian carboxypeptidase inhibitor, latexin. in order to further study its function, r ... | 2007 | 17344082 |
| occurrence and characterization of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) strains from dairy farms in trinidad. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) on 25 dairy farms each located in waller field and carlsen field farming areas in trinidad. on each selected farm, faecal samples were collected from milking cows, calves and humans; rectal swabs were obtained from pet farm dogs; bulk milk was sampled as well as effluent from the milking parlour. escherichia coli was isolated from all sources on selective media using ... | 2007 | 17348911 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 during thermophilic anaerobic digestion of manure from dairy cattle. | inactivation of the pathogenic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 and a non-pathogenic e. coli strain isolated from dairy cattle manure was evaluated with batch tests at 50 and 55 degrees c in biosolids from a thermophilic anaerobic digester treating the manure. using differential-selective plating on sorbitol-macconkey (smac) agar to quantify e. coli, the decline in concentrations of both the sorbitol-negative (putative e. coli o157:h7) and sorbitol-positive (putative non-pathogenic e. coli) org ... | 2007 | 17353028 |
| antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from dairy cattle. | a study was conducted to understand the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in the feces of healthy lactating dairy cattle. gram-negative enteric bacteria resistant to ampicillin, florfenicol, spectinomycin, and tetracycline were isolated from the feces of 35, 8, 5, and 42% of 213 lactating cattle on 74, 39, 9, 26, and 82% of 23 farms surveyed, respectively. antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounted for 5 (florfenicol) t ... | 2007 | 17098918 |
| biochemical characterization of 1-cys peroxiredoxin from antrodia camphorata. | antrodia camphorata is a unique medicinal mushroom found only in taiwan. it has been used as a remedy for various diseases in folk medicine. antrodia camphorata has been shown to exhibit antioxidative effects. peroxiredoxins play important roles in antioxidation and cell signaling. a gene encoding an antioxidant enzyme, 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin (1-cys prx), was identified in an expressed sequence tag database of the a. camphorata and cloned by polymerase chain reaction. the 1-cys prx cdna (837 b ... | 2007 | 17103164 |
| pyrrolysine is not hardwired for cotranslational insertion at uag codons. | pyrrolysine (pyl), the 22nd naturally encoded amino acid, gets acylated to its distinctive uag suppressor trna(pyl) by the cognate pyrrolysyl-trna synthetase (pylrs). here we determine the rna elements required for recognition and aminoacylation of trna(pyl) in vivo by using the pyl analog n-epsilon-cyclopentyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine. forty-two methanosarcina barkeri trna(pyl) variants were tested in escherichia coli for suppression of the lac amber a24 mutation; then relevant trna(pyl) mutants wer ... | 2007 | 17360621 |
| antimicrobial resistance observed in escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of cattle and pigs in korea during 2003-2004. | a total of 744 escherichia coli strains isolated from 830 fecal samples of healthy cattle and pigs in all provinces of korea were examined for resistance to 16 antimicrobials. the most frequently observed resistance in cattle isolates was to tetracycline (30.5%), followed by resistance to streptomycin (20.4%), ampicillin (12.0%) and chlorampenicol (6.9%). prevalences of resistance to the same four antimicrobials in swine isolates were 96.3%, 66.8%, 66.1%, and 47.6%, respectively. the prevalence ... | 2007 | 17363100 |
| characterization of bacterial susceptibility isolates in sixteen dairy farms in taiwan. | bacteria were isolated from dairy cows, dairy farm environments, and dairy workers in 2 geographically different areas of eastern and northern taiwan. isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility and the phylogenetics of isolated escherichia coli o157:h7 were characterized. a total of 1,346 bacteria were identified, including 226 e. coli, 30 pseudomonas spp. (7 pseudomonas aeruginosa), 259 other gram-negative bacteria, 271 enterococcus spp., 314 staphylococcus spp., 195 streptococcus ... | 2006 | 17106089 |
| [control of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) in cattle]. | cattle are recognized as the major reservoir of stec and the source of infection for human beings. until recently, intervention strategies to decrease the contamination of meat products have been focused on the slaughter plant with the application of practices to reduce the contamination and proliferation of stec. this has now changed following the development of intervention strategies in the farm. this could be one of the most important points of intervention to lower the incidence of human in ... | 2006 | 17354475 |
| surveillance for selected bacterial and toxicologic contaminants in donated carcass meat fed to carnivores. | wildlife safari, a zoo located in winston, oregon, has fed donated carcass meat as a diet to carnivores for over 30 yr. carcass meat is an alternative to commercially prepared meat. donated meat arrives at wildlife safari as an entire animal. cattle (bos taurus), horse (equus caballus), deer (odocoileus hemionus), and elk (cervus elaphus roosevelti) have been donated. bacterial testing was performed on site with the use of neogen reveal immunosorbent assays. testing focused on salmonella spp., l ... | 2006 | 17312786 |
| human lysozyme expressed in the mammary gland of transgenic dairy goats can inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause mastitis and the cold-spoilage of milk. | the addition of human milk components with intrinsic antimicrobial activity to livestock milk by genetic engineering has the potential to benefit milk safety and production as well as the health of the lactating animal. as a model for the dairy cow, we generated transgenic goats that expressed human lysozyme in their milk at 68% of the levels found in human milk. milk from these transgenic animals had a bacteriostatic effect on both in vitro and in vivo growth of several microorganisms important ... | 2006 | 17199520 |
| seasonal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ruminants: a new hypothesis. | seasonal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ruminants is well documented; however, viable explanations for this phenomenon are lacking. the fecal prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in ruminants is the highest in the summer months, decreasing to low or undetectable levels in the winter. to determine if day length is correlated to seasonal shedding, nine reports of e. coli o157:h7 prevalence in cattle were selected for similarity of sampling technique, culture methodology, cattle type, and ability ... | 2006 | 17199523 |
| n-linked glycosylation of folded proteins by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase. | n-linked protein glycosylation is found in all domains of life. in eukaryotes, it is the most abundant protein modification of secretory and membrane proteins, and the process is coupled to protein translocation and folding. we found that in bacteria, n-glycosylation can occur independently of the protein translocation machinery. in an in vitro assay, bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase glycosylated a folded endogenous substrate protein with high efficiency and folded bovine ribonuclease a with ... | 2006 | 17110579 |
| occurrence of clinical mastitis in primiparous estonian dairy cows in different housing conditions. | objectives of the study were to document the impact of some management factors on the occurrence of clinical mastitis in primiparous dairy cows and to identify common udder pathogens of clinical mastitis in freshly calved heifers and multiparous cows on the day of calving. | 2006 | 17118174 |
| screening petting zoo animals for the presence of potentially pathogenic escherichia coli. | several outbreaks of escherichia coli o157 have been reported in petting zoos, resulting in hospitalization of many children. at present, no standard procedure has been adopted to monitor the presence of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) or shiga-toxin-producing e. coli (stec) in petting zoo animals. direct detection of these strains from rectal swabs of animals in petting zoos was developed and obviated the need to culture the organisms. dna extracted from bacteria in the swabs was tested for th ... | 2006 | 17121091 |
| vaccines against traveler's diarrhoea and rotavirus disease - a review. | diarrheal diseases constitute one of the most important health problems worldwide, preferentially in developing countries with a morbidity of estimated 5 billion and a mortality of 5 million cases per year. children less than 5 years are particularly in danger with respect to the incidence and severity of the gastrointestinal symptoms. travelers to developing countries are also at risk to develop diarrheal disorders; around 30-50% of them acquire so called "travelers's diarrhea" caused by bacter ... | 2006 | 17131234 |
| characterization of ovine hepatic gene expression profiles in response to escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide using a bovine cdna microarray. | during systemic gram-negative bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (lps) ligation to the hepatic toll-like receptor-4 complex induces the production of hepatic acute phase proteins that are involved in the host response to infection and limit the associated inflammatory process. identifying the genes that regulate this hepatic response to lps in ruminants may provide insight into the pathogenesis of bacterial diseases and eventually facilitate breeding of more disease resistant animals. the ... | 2006 | 17134499 |
| characterization of macrolide-resistant campylobacter coli isolates from food-producing animals on farms across japan during 2004. | we investigated the susceptibilities against 7 antimicrobial agents in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from food-producing animals in 2004. in comparison with the results of past surveillance, no significant difference was observed in resistance rates against all of the antimicrobials tested in campylobacter isolates. however, slight increase of erythromycin (em) resistance was found in c. coli isolates from pigs. we examined the mutation of the 23s rrna gene and their susceptibilities ... | 2006 | 17085893 |
| escherichia coli: on-farm contamination of animals. | escherichia coli is one of the main inhabitants of the intestinal tract of most mammalian species, including humans, and birds. shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec), also called verotoxinogenic e. coli, usually do not cause disease in animals but may cause watery diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis, and/or haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans. zoonotic stec include the o157:h7 strains and, with increasing frequency, certain non-o157 strains. the importance of non-o157 zoonotic strains is probably u ... | 2006 | 17094697 |
| ctx-m-1- and ctx-m-15-type beta-lactamases in clinical escherichia coli isolates recovered from food-producing animals in france. | clinical escherichia coli strains with resistance or variable susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins were detected in cattle, swine and poultry in france. these strains were shown to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls), with ctx-m-1- and ctx-m-15-type beta-lactamases being responsible for this phenotype. the bla(ctx-m-1) gene was encountered most commonly and was characterised in seven e. coli strains isolated from cattle, swine and poultry, whereas bla(ctx-m-15) was ide ... | 2006 | 17027237 |
| cytolethal distending toxins in shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli: alleles, serotype distribution and biological effects. | to assess the prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) among shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), 202 stec strains were investigated using pcrs targeting various cdt alleles (cdt-i to cdt-v). seven of the 202 strains contained cdt-iii and an additional seven contained cdt-v. all 14 cdt-positive strains produced biologically active cdt, as demonstrated by a progressive distension of cultured chinese hamster ovary cells. the cdt-positive stec belonged to eight different serotypes, ... | 2006 | 17030906 |
| bacterial production of biologically active canine interleukin-1beta by seamless sumo tagging and removal. | interleukin 1beta (il-1beta) is a potent stimulator of extracellular matrix degradation in models of osteoarthritis (oa). in contrast to bovine explant models which effectively respond to recombinant human il-1beta, canine models are relatively refractory to human il-1beta stimulation. canine il-1beta cdna was cloned in order to produce a fully potent species matched preparation of il-1beta for use specifically in canine models of oa. established methods for the production of various orthologous ... | 2006 | 16893658 |
| escherichia coli isolates' serotypes, genotypes, and virulence genes and clinical coliform mastitis severity. | dairy cattle with clinical mastitis caused by escherichia coli exhibit a wide range of disease severity, from mild, with only local inflammatory changes of the mammary gland, to severe, with significant systemic derangement. the present study was designed to examine the relationship between serotype and virulence genes of e. coli mastitis isolates, different levels of systemic disease severity, and farm from which the e. coli strain was obtained. one hundred twenty-three e. coli milk isolates we ... | 2006 | 16899673 |
| comparison of pcr-rflp and pfge for determining the clonality of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli strains. | we report here on a comparative evaluation of pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) assays, and ascertain the clonal relationship between 13 enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157 : h7 strains isolated from fecal samples collected from three cows over a period of 2 months. pcr-rflp analysis was carried out with either bgli or ecorv digested la-pcr amplicons, generated by targeting region v of the stx-phage. while pcr-rflp analysis pl ... | 2006 | 16553842 |
| the influence of the nucleotide sequences of random shine-dalgarno and spacer region on bovine growth hormone gene expression. | to investigate the effects of the nucleotide sequences in shine-dalgarno (sd) and the spacer region (sd-atg) on bovine growth hormone (bgh) gene expression, the expression vectors under the control of the t7 promoter (pt7-7 vector) were constructed using bgh derivatives (bgh1 & bgh14) which have different 5'-coding regions and were induced in e. coli bl21(de3). oligonucleotides containing random sd sequences and a spacer region were chemically synthesized and the distance between the sd region a ... | 2006 | 16554719 |
| shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 by cattle fed diets containing monensin or tylosin. | monensin and tylosin have activity against gram-positive bacteria, and it has been theorized that their effects on the intestinal environment may promote proliferation of gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli. effects of these antibiotics on the shedding of e. coli o157:h7 were studied in a feedlot environment, using 32 finishing steers. a diet containing 85% barley grain, 10% barley silage, and 5% supplement was amended with 33 ppm monensin, 11 ppm tylosin, both of these additives, or ... | 2006 | 16995508 |
| vaccination of bovines with recombinant boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin. | boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin (byc) is an aspartic proteinase found in boophilus microplus eggs that is involved in the embryogenesis and has been tested as antigen to compose an anti-tick vaccine. the vaccine potential of a recombinant byc expressed in escherichia coli (rbyc) was investigated. rbyc was purified and used to immunize hereford cattle. the sera of bovines immunized with rbyc recognized the native byc with a titer ranging from 125 to 4000. furthermore, immunized bovines challenged wi ... | 2006 | 16997384 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract. | the rapidly developing resistance of many infectious pathogenic organisms to modern drugs has spurred scientists to search for new sources of antibacterial compounds. one potential candidate, bdle (dialysis at 10 to 12 kda cut-off) and its fractions ("s" and "l" by 3.5 kda cut-off and i, ii, iii, and iv by molecular exclusion chromatography), was evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, lysteria monocytogenes, esche ... | 2006 | 16997795 |
| detection of human-derived fecal pollution in environmental waters by use of a pcr-based human polyomavirus assay. | regulatory agencies mandate the use of fecal coliforms, escherichia coli or enterococcus spp., as microbial indicators of recreational water quality. these indicators of fecal pollution do not identify the specific sources of pollution and at times underestimate health risks associated with recreational water use. this study proposes the use of human polyomaviruses (hpyvs), which are widespread among human populations, as indicators of human fecal pollution. a method was developed to concentrate ... | 2006 | 16997988 |
| bacterial adherence to surgical sutures: can antibacterial-coated sutures reduce the risk of microbial contamination? | surgical site infections are associated with severe morbidity and mortality. the role of surgical sutures in the etiology of surgical site infection has been the objective of discussion for decades. this study used a standardized in vitro microbiologic model to assess bacterial adherence and the antibacterial activity of a triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 (braided) suture against selected gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates that may infect surgical wounds. | 2006 | 17000391 |
| structural plasticity of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase sfkpa is a key to its chaperone function as revealed by solution nmr. | intramolecular dynamics of periplasmic chaperone fkpa-deltact (sfkpa) and its complexes with partially structured substrates are studied by nmr in solution. the backbone amide 15n relaxation of sfkpa reveals flexibility in the relative orientation between the dimerization domain and two juxtaposed catalytic domains identified in the x-ray structure of sfkpa. this flexibility is attributed to the structural plasticity within the long alpha-helical arm (helix iii) consisting of residues 84 and 91. ... | 2006 | 17002297 |
| association between ceftiofur use and isolation of escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone from fecal samples of dairy cows. | to estimate the association between ceftiofur use and the isolation of escherichia coli with reduced ceftriaxone susceptibility from fecal samples of dairy cow populations. | 2006 | 17014318 |
| factors affecting the relationship between caeruloplasmin activity and plasma copper concentration in cattle. | 2006 | 16921015 | |
| escherichia coli o157: burger bug or environmental pathogen? | the three main pathways of escherichia coli o157 infection are foodborne, environmental (including direct contact with animals and their faeces and contaminated water supplies) or person to person contact. the disease is often nicknamed the 'burger bug' but it appears that environmental risk factors may be more important. in this study we use four techniques (outbreak analysis, case-control studies, disease mapping and quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra)) to determine whether burgers o ... | 2006 | 16934897 |
| effect of lactoferrin on enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec). | we previously demonstrated that lactoferrin inhibits adherence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli to hep-2 cells and decreases invasiveness of shigella flexneri in hela cells by disruption of the type iii secretory system (ttss) of both enteropathogens. to determine whether these effects were specific to the ttss, we assessed the activity of bovine lactoferrin on enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec), enteropathogens whose virulence is not ttss dependent. bovine lactoferrin at a concentration of 1. ... | 2006 | 16936809 |
| expression and properties of recombinant ovine uterine serpin. | ovine uterine serpin (ovus) is produced in the uterus of sheep under the influence of progesterone. it weakly inhibits pepsin and reduces proliferation of lymphocytes, tumor cell lines, and preimplantation embryos. when purified from uterine fluid, the concentration required for its antiproliferative effect in vitro is approximately 0.25-1 mg/ml. here we show that recombinant (r) ovus is a more potent regulator of cell proliferation than native (n) ovus purified from uterine fluid. to produce ro ... | 2006 | 16946400 |
| use of routine beef carcase escherichia coli monitoring data to investigate the relationship between hygiene status of incoming stock and processing efficacy. | in australian export-registered abattoirs microbiological monitoring is carried out within the e. coli and salmonella monitoring (esam) program. during the calendar year 2003, the esam database indicated a national prevalence of escherichia coli of around 3.0% for steers/heifers and 7.1% for cows/bulls. an investigation was carried out to attempt to elucidate why some establishments had e. coli prevalence markedly higher or markedly lower than the national average. the investigation was based on ... | 2006 | 16949171 |
| a counterintuitive mg2+-dependent and modification-assisted functional folding of mitochondrial trnas. | mitochondrial trnas (mtrnas) often lack domains and posttranscriptional modifications that are found in cytoplasmic trnas. these structural and chemical elements normally stabilize the folding of cytoplasmic trnas into canonical structures that are competent for aminoacylation and translation. for example, the dihydrouridine (d) stem and loop domain is involved in the tertiary structure of cytoplasmic trnas through hydrogen bonds and a mg2+ bridge to the ribothymidine (t) stem and loop domain. t ... | 2006 | 16949614 |
| decomposition of biological macromolecules by plasma generated with helium and oxygen. | in this study, we attempted to characterize the biomolecular effects of an atmospheric pressure cold plasma (apcp) system which utilizes helium/oxygen (he/o(2)). apcp using he/o(2) generates a low level of uv while generating reactive oxygen radicals which probably serve as the primary factor in sterilization; these reactive oxygen radicals have the advantage of being capable to access the interiors of the structures of microbial cells. the damaging effects of plasma exposure on polypeptides, dn ... | 2006 | 16953185 |
| transgenic cows that produce recombinant human lactoferrin in milk are not protected from experimental escherichia coli intramammary infection. | this is the first study describing an experimental mastitis model using transgenic cows expressing recombinant human lactoferrin (rhlf) in their milk. the aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations in milk and protective effects of bovine and recombinant human lactoferrin in experimental escherichia coli mastitis. experimental intramammary infection was induced in one udder quarter of seven first-lactating rhlf-transgenic cows and six normal cows, using an e. coli strain isolated fro ... | 2006 | 16954396 |
| identification of diagnostic proteins in mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by a whole genome analysis approach. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is an economically significant veterinary pathogen that causes johne's disease in cattle and sheep. there is a critical need for improved diagnostic tests to detect m. paratuberculosis infection in these animals. as with many other animal diseases, efforts need to be concentrated on the development of simple, rapid, noninvasive tests that can be performed by veterinarians or animal producers without expensive laboratory equipm ... | 2006 | 16957356 |