Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| comparative assessment of four steinernematidae and three heterorhabditidae species for infectivity of larval diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | larval diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) were exposed to seven different entomopathogenic nematode species to test their potential infectivity in a laboratory setting. known d. virgifera-infecting nematode species heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar, heterorhabditis megidis poinar, jackson & klein, steinernema feltiae filipjev, and steinernema carpocapsae weiser were tested in a concerted experiment alongside steinernema diaprepesi nguyen & duncan, steinernema r ... | 2018 | 29365135 |
| response of maize hybrids with and without rootworm- and drought-tolerance to rootworm infestation under well-watered and drought conditions. | anecdotal data in the past have suggested that the effect of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), on maize yield is greater under drought and the effect of drought is greater under rootworm infestations, but no field experiments have controlled both moisture and rootworm levels. field studies were conducted in 2012, 2013, and 2014 with treatments in a factorial arrangement of western corn rootworm infestation levels, and maize hybrids (wi ... | 2017 | 29190344 |
| sequestration and activation of plant toxins protect the western corn rootworm from enemies at multiple trophic levels. | highly adapted herbivores can phenocopy two-component systems by stabilizing, sequestering and reactivating plant toxins. however, whether these traits protect herbivores against their enemies is poorly understood. we demonstrate that the western corn rootworm diabrotica virgifera virgifera, the most damaging maize pest on the planet, specifically accumulates the root-derived benzoxazinoid glucosides hdmboa-glc and mboa-glc. mboa-glc is produced by d. virgifera through stabilization of the benzo ... | 2017 | 29171835 |
| a maize inbred exhibits resistance against western corn rootwoorm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | insect resistance against root herbivores like the western corn rootworm (wcr, diabrotica virgifera virgifera) is not well understood in non-transgenic maize. we studied the responses of two american maize inbreds, mp708 and tx601, to wcr infestation using biomechanical, molecular, biochemical analyses, and laser ablation tomography. previous studies performed on several inbreds indicated that these two maize genotypes differed in resistance to pests including fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperd ... | 2017 | 29151152 |
| control of western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera) reproduction through plant-mediated rna interference. | rna interference (rnai) in transgenic maize has recently emerged as an alternative mode of action for western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera) control which can be combined with protein-based rootworm control options for improved root protection and resistance management. currently, transgenic rnai-based control has focused on suppression of genes that when silenced lead to larval mortality. we investigated control of western corn rootworm reproduction through rnai by targeting two ... | 2017 | 28974735 |
| host recognition responses of western (family: chrysomelidae) corn rootworm larvae to rna interference and bt corn. | western corn rootworm diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte is an important pest of corn whose larvae exhibit particular quantifiable patterns of locomotion after exposure to, and removal from, host roots and nonhost roots. using ethovision software, the behavior and locomotion of the western corn rootworm larvae was analyzed to determine the level of host recognition to germinated roots of differing corn hybrids containing either rootworm targeted bt genes, rna interference (rnai) technology, ... | 2017 | 28931155 |
| cross-resistance and synergism bioassays suggest multiple mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in western corn rootworm populations. | recently, resistance to the pyrethroid bifenthrin was detected and confirmed in field populations of western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte from southwestern areas of nebraska and kansas. as a first step to understand potential mechanisms of resistance, the objectives of this study were i) to assess adult mortality at diagnostic concentration-lc99 to the pyrethroids bifenthrin and tefluthrin as well as ddt, ii) estimate adult and larval susceptibility to the same compounds ... | 2017 | 28628635 |
| genome sequence of a novel positive-sense, single-stranded rna virus isolated from western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. | the genome sequence of a novel small rna virus was assembled from the transcriptome of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera the assembled genome has 13,182 nucleotides with a 3' polyadenylated tail. two open reading frames are predicted to encode polyproteins of 2,838 and 1,073 amino acids. | 2017 | 28522719 |
| genome sequence of diabrotica virgifera virgifera virus2, a novel small rna virus of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. | the genome of a novel small rna virus, tentatively named diabrotica virgifera virgifera virus 2 (dvvv2), was identified in the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, through transcriptome sequencing and confirmed by reverse transcription-pcr. here, we report the near-complete nucleotide sequence and the genome organization of dvvv2. | 2017 | 28522718 |
| a selective insecticidal protein from pseudomonas mosselii for corn rootworm control. | the coleopteran insect western corn rootworm (wcr, diabrotica virgifera virgifera) is an economically important pest in north america and europe. transgenic corn plants producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins have been useful against this devastating pest, but evolution of resistance has reduced their efficacy. here we report the discovery of a novel insecticidal protein, pip-47aa, from an isolate of pseudomonas mosselii. pip-47aa sequence shows no shared motifs, domains or s ... | 2017 | 28796437 |
| assessment of inheritance and fitness costs associated with field-evolved resistance to cry3bb1 maize by western corn rootworm. | the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, is among the most serious insect pests of maize in north america. one strategy used to manage this pest is transgenic maize that produces one or more crystalline (cry) toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). to delay bt resistance by insect pests, refuges of non-bt maize are grown in conjunction with bt maize. two factors influencing the success of the refuge strategy to delay resistance are the inheritance ... | 2017 | 28492498 |
| histopathological effects of bt and tcda insecticidal proteins on the midgut epithelium of western corn rootworm larvae (diabrotica virgifera virgifera). | western corn rootworm (wcr, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte) is a major corn pest in the united states, causing annual losses of over $1 billion. one approach to protect against crop loss by this insect is the use of transgenic corn hybrids expressing one or more crystal (cry) proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis. cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 together comprise a binary insecticidal toxin with specific activity against wcr. these proteins have been developed as insect resistance traits in ... | 2017 | 28481307 |
| field trial performance of herculex xtra (cry34ab1/cry35ab1) and smartstax (cry34ab1/cry35ab1 + cry3bb1) hybrids and soil insecticides against western and northern corn rootworms (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), and northern corn rootworm, diabrotica barberi smith and lawrence (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), are important insect pests in corn, zea mays l. for more than a decade, growers have been using transgenic plants expressing proteins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) to protect corn roots from feeding. in 2011, western corn rootworm populations were reported to have developed resistance to bt hybri ... | 2017 | 28430986 |
| quantitative trait loci mapping of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) host plant resistance in two populations of doubled haploid lines in maize (zea mays l.). | over the last 70 yr, more than 12,000 maize accessions have been screened for their level of resistance to western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera (leconte; coleoptera: chrysomelidae), larval feeding. less than 1% of this germplasm was selected for initiating recurrent selection or other breeding programs. selected genotypes were mostly characterized by large root systems and superior root regrowth after root damage caused by western corn rootworm larvae. however, no hybrids claimi ... | 2017 | 29228374 |
| blended refuge and insect resistance management for insecticidal corn. | in this review, we evaluate the intentional mixing or blending of insecticidal seed with refuge seed for managing resistance by insects to insecticidal corn (zea mays). we first describe the pest biology and farming practices that will contribute to weighing trade-offs between using block refuges and blended refuges. case studies are presented to demonstrate how the trade-offs will differ in different systems. we compare biological aspects of several abstract models to guide the reader through t ... | 2017 | 29220481 |
| distinct fitness costs associated with the knockdown of rnai pathway genes in western corn rootworm adults. | rna interference (rnai) based approaches can potentially be used to control insect pests. these approaches may depend on the usage of microrna (mirna) or double stranded rna (dsrna) mediated gene knockdown, which likely involves proteins that regulate these pathways, such as argonaute 1 (ago1), argonaute 2 (ago2), dicer 1 (dcr1), dicer 2 (dcr2), and drosha in insects. we previously performed functional characterization of ago2 and dcr2 of western corn rootworm (wcr), diabrotica virgifera virgife ... | 2017 | 29267401 |
| transgenic bt corn, soil insecticide, and insecticidal seed treatment effects on corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) beetle emergence, larval feeding injury, and corn yield in north dakota. | northern, diabrotica barberi smith & lawrence (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), and western, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), corn rootworms are economic pests of corn, zea mays l. in north america. we measured the impacts of corn hybrids incorporated with cry3bb1, cry34/35ab1, and pyramided (cry3bb1 + cry34/35ab1) bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) proteins, tefluthrin soil insecticide, and clothianidin insecticidal seed treatment on beetle emergence, larval feed ... | 2017 | 29186516 |
| diet improvement for western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) larvae. | the western corn rootworm (wcr), diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, is the most serious insect pest of corn (zea mays l.) in the united states and parts of europe, and arguably one of the world's most expensive pests to control. several diet formulations are currently used by industry and public researchers to evaluate wcr larvae in diet-toxicity bioassays. however, a publicly available diet that produces normative insects that are physiologically similar to wcr larvae reared on corn roots ... | 2017 | 29149192 |
| patterns of gene expression in western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera) neonates, challenged with cry34ab1, cry35ab1 and cry34/35ab1, based on next-generation sequencing. | with next generation sequencing technologies, high-throughput rna sequencing (rnaseq) was conducted to examine gene expression in neonates of diabrotica virgifera virgifera (leconte) (western corn rootworm, wcr) challenged with individual proteins of the binary bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins, cry34ab1 and cry35ab1, and the combination of cry34/cry35ab1, which together are active against rootworm larvae. integrated results of three different statistical comparisons identified 114 an ... | 2017 | 28358336 |
| influence of calcareous soil on cry3bb1 expression and efficacy in the field. | greater than expected injury by western corn rootworm (wcr) (diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte) to cry3bb1 expressing maize hybrids (zea mays l.) has been reported in southwestern nebraska. affected areas of some fields are often associated with high ph calcareous soils where maize growth is poor and iron chlorosis is common. as part of a comprehensive study to understand potential causes of unexpected injury, experiments were conducted during 2013 and 2014 to ascertain whether the calcareo ... | 2017 | 28326506 |
| cry3bb1-resistant western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera (leconte) does not exhibit cross-resistance to dvsnf7 dsrna. | there is a continuing need to express new insect control compounds in transgenic maize against western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera (leconte) (wcr). in this study three experiments were conducted to determine cross-resistance between the new insecticidal dvsnf7 dsrna, and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry3bb1; used to control wcr since 2003, with field-evolved resistance being reported. laboratory susceptible and cry3bb1-resistant wcr were evaluated against dvsnf7 dsrna in larval ... | 2017 | 28060922 |
| safety considerations derived from cry34ab1/cry35ab1 structure and function. | insecticidal proteins developed for in-plant protection against crop pests undergo extensive safety testing during the product development process. safety considerations for insecticidal proteins expressed in crops follow recommended, science-based guidelines and specific studies are conducted on a case by case basis. corn events expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry34ab1 and cry35ab1 were developed to protect maize from diabrotica virgifera virgifera (western corn rootworm) feeding damage. ... | 2017 | 27480405 |
| a mechanism for sequence specificity in plant-mediated interactions between herbivores. | herbivore communities are shaped by indirect plant-mediated interactions whose outcomes are strongly dependent on the sequence of herbivore arrival. however, the mechanisms underlying sequence specificity are poorly understood. we examined the mechanisms that govern sequence-specific effects of the interaction between two specialist maize herbivores, the leaf feeder spodoptera frugiperda and the root feeder diabrotica virgifera virgifera. in the field, s. frugiperda reduces d. v. virgifera abund ... | 2017 | 27898177 |
| knockdown of genes in the toll pathway reveals new lethal rna interference targets for insect pest control. | rna interference (rnai) is a promising alternative strategy for ecologically friendly pest management. however, the identification of rnai candidate genes is challenging owing to the absence of laboratory strains and the seasonality of most pest species. tribolium castaneum is a well-established model, with a strong and robust rnai response, which can be used as a high-throughput screening platform to identify potential rnai target genes. recently, the cactus gene was identified as a sensitive r ... | 2017 | 27862545 |
| germline transformation of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | the western corn rootworm (wcr), a major pest of maize, is notorious for rapidly adapting biochemically, behaviourally and developmentally to a variety of control methods. despite much effort, the genetic basis of wcr adaptation remains a mystery. since transformation-based applications such as transposon tagging and enhancer trapping have facilitated genetic dissection of model species such as drosophila melanogaster, we developed a germline-transformation system for wcr in an effort to gain a ... | 2017 | 28397990 |
| dietary risk assessment of v-atpase a dsrnas on monarch butterfly larvae. | by suppressing the expression of genes with essential biological functions, in planta rnai can negatively affect the development and survival of target pests. as a part of a concerted effort to assess the risks of rnai transgenic crops on non-target organisms, we developed an in vivo toxicity assay to examine the impacts of ingested dsrnas incurred to the monarch butterfly, danaus plexippus (l.), an iconic eco-indicator in north america. to create the worst case scenario, the full-length v-atpas ... | 2017 | 28275381 |
| genome sequence of the first coleopteran iflavirus isolated from western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. | the genome sequence of a novel iflavirus was identified from the transcriptome of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera the rna sequence consists of 9,823 nucleotides (nt) with a 3' polyadenylated tail, containing a single open reading frame that encodes a 3,028-amino-acid polyprotein. | 2017 | 28183753 |
| effects of bt corn and egg density on western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) adult emergence and estimation of effective bt dose. | since 2003, rootworm-protected transgenic corn has been commercially deployed in the united states as a principal method of control of western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. durability of this technology depends partly on larval mortality ("dose") exerted by the traits, but density-dependent mortality can confound calculations of dose. research reported here examined the effects of density-dependent mortality on adult emergence and estimates of trait dose. at sites in ill ... | 2017 | 28073978 |
| discovery of a novel insecticidal protein from chromobacterium piscinae, with activity against western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | western corn rootworm (wcr), diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is one of the most significant pests of corn in the united states. although transgenic solutions exist, increasing resistance concerns make the discovery of novel solutions essential. in order to find a novel protein with high activity and a new mode of action, a large microbial collection was surveyed for toxicity to wcr using in vitro bioassays. cultures of strain atx2024, identified as chromobacterium piscinae, had very high activit ... | 2017 | 27983944 |
| rnai-based gene silencing through dsrna injection or ingestion against the african sweet potato weevil cylas puncticollis (coleoptera: brentidae). | rna interference (rnai) technology can potentially serve as a suitable strategy to control the african sweet potato weevil cylas puncticollis (spw), which is a critical pest in sub-saharan africa. important prerequisites are required to use rnai in pest control, such as the presence of an efficient rnai response and the identification of suitable target genes. | 2017 | 27299308 |
| rnai as a management tool for the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | the western corn rootworm (wcr), diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is the most important pest of corn in the us corn belt. economic estimates indicate that costs of control and yield loss associated with wcr damage exceed $us 1 billion annually. historically, corn rootworm management has been extremely difficult because of its ability to evolve resistance to both chemical insecticides and cultural control practices. since 2003, the only novel commercialized developments in rootworm management have ... | 2016 | 27218412 |
| methyl anthranilate as a repellent for western corn rootworm larvae (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | methyl anthranilate was identified as the active compound in extracts of maize (zea mays l.) roots that were shown to be repellent to neonate western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte) larvae. a bioassay-driven approach was used to isolate the active material from diethyl ether extracts of roots from germinating maize seeds. separation of the extract on a florisil column yielded an active fraction of 90:10 hexane:diethyl ether. analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectromet ... | 2016 | 27122493 |
| mcry3a-selected western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) colony exhibits high resistance and has reduced binding of mcry3a to midgut tissue. | several bt maize events expressing various insecticidal cry protein genes have been commercialized for management of western corn rootworm,diabrotica virgifera virgiferaleconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). we used high efficacy (>99.7%) experimental maize events that express mcry3a for selections under laboratory conditions to develop a western corn rootworm colony resistant to mcry3a at higher levels than published results. the resistance ratio (rr) to mcry3a was >97-fold based on lc50values in ... | 2016 | 27016600 |
| the effect of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) and water deficit on maize performance under controlled conditions. | the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, is the most important insect of maize, zea mays l., but knowledge of its interaction with water deficit on maize production is lacking. a series of greenhouse experiments using three infestation levels of the western corn rootworm, d. virgifera virgifera, under well-watered, moderately dry, and very dry soil moisture levels were conducted to quantify the interaction of western corn rootworm and soil water deficit on b73×mo17 maiz ... | 2016 | 26896532 |
| use of chromatin remodeling atpases as rnai targets for parental control of western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and neotropical brown stink bug (euschistus heros). | rna interference (rnai) is a gene silencing mechanism that is present in animals and plants and is triggered by double stranded rna (dsrna) or small interfering rna (sirna), depending on the organism. in the western corn rootworm (wcr), diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), rnai can be achieved by feeding rootworms dsrna added to artificial diet or plant tissues transformed to express dsrna. the effect of rnai depends on the targeted gene function and can range from ... | 2016 | 26873291 |
| development and characterization of mir604 resistance in a western corn rootworm population (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | mcry3a is one of only four proteins licensed for commercial use in diabrotica control. utilizing a colony of western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, selected for resistance to mcry3a, we evaluated how mcry3a resistance was inherited and whether fitness costs were associated with mcry3a resistance. reciprocal crosses between a selected colony and a control colony were performed; resulting progeny along with parent colonies were evaluated in dose toxicity assays, greenhouse ... | 2016 | 26834186 |
| tolerance of ecry3.1ab in reciprocal cross offspring of ecry3.1ab-selected and control colonies of diabrotica virgifera virgifera (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | two new insect colonies were created by separating virgin western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, males and females from both a selected laboratory colony that was being reared on ecry3.1ab-expressing corn (zea mays l.) and a control colony reared on its near-isoline corn. females from the selected colony were paired with males of the control colony and vice versa to create both a selected female by control male colony (sel♀) and control female by selected male colony (con ... | 2016 | 26628501 |
| quantitative trait locus mapping and functional genomics of an organophosphate resistance trait in the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is an insect pest of corn and population suppression with chemical insecticides is an important management tool. traits conferring organophosphate insecticide resistance have increased in frequency amongst d. v. virgifera populations, resulting in the reduced efficacy in many corn-growing regions of the usa. we used comparative functional genomic and quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping approaches to investigate the genetic basis of d. ... | 2016 | 26566705 |
| phytoecdysteroids as antifeedants towards several beetles that include polyphagous and monophagous feeding guilds. | plants are thought to produce ecdysteroids as a means of protection from insect herbivores. some insects will not feed on plants containing high amounts of phytoecdysteroids, and this response could be limited to monophagous and oligophagous insects. the aim of this study was to determine whether phytoecdysteroids could inhibit feeding in several species of beetles that range from monophagous to polyphagous. | 2016 | 27976533 |
| knockdown of rna interference pathway genes in western corn rootworms (diabrotica virgifera virgifera le conte) demonstrates a possible mechanism of resistance to lethal dsrna. | rna interference (rnai) is being developed as a potential tool for insect pest management. increased understanding of the rnai pathway in target insect pests will provide information to use this technology effectively and to inform decisions related to resistant management strategies for rnai based traits. dicer 2 (dcr2), an endonuclease responsible for formation of small interfering rna's and argonaute 2 (ago2), an essential catalytic component of the rna-induced silencing complex (risc) have b ... | 2016 | 27310918 |
| parameters for successful parental rnai as an insect pest management tool in western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | parental rnai (prnai) is an rna interference response where the gene knockdown phenotype is observed in the progeny of the treated organism. prnai has been demonstrated in female western corn rootworms (wcr) via diet applications and has been described as a potential approach for rootworm pest management. however, it is not clear if plant-expressed prnai can provide effective control of next generation wcr larvae in the field. in this study, we evaluated parameters required to generate a success ... | 2016 | 28029123 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of galeruca daurica (joannis) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | abstracts galeruca daurica (joannis) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) is one of important pests in the inner mongolia grasslands. the complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced. the genome is 16 615 bp long, with an at content of 78.1%, containing 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and an at-rich region. all 13 pcgs share the start codon atn, and the usual termination codons (taa and tag) are found from 13 protein-coding genes, except for coi, coii, and nd4 (t). all the 22 typical animal trna gen ... | 2016 | 26122336 |
| early detection and mitigation of resistance to bt maize by western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | transgenic bt maize that produces less than a high-dose has been widely adopted and presents considerable insect resistance management (irm) challenges. western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, has rapidly evolved resistance to bt maize in the field, leading to local loss of efficacy for some corn rootworm bt maize events. documenting and responding to this resistance has been complicated by a lack of rapid diagnostic bioassays and by regulatory triggers that hinder timely ... | 2016 | 26362989 |
| corn rootworm-active rna dvsnf7: repeat dose oral toxicology assessment in support of human and mammalian safety. | genetically modified (gm) crops have been developed and commercialized that utilize double stranded rnas (dsrna) to suppress a target gene(s), producing virus resistance, nutritional and quality traits. mon 87411 is a gm maize variety that leverages dsrnas to selectively control corn rootworm through production of a 240 base pair (bp) dsrna fragment targeting for suppression the western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera) snf7 gene (dvsnf7). a bioinformatics assessment found that endo ... | 2016 | 27436086 |
| systemic rnai in western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera, does not involve transitive pathways. | western corn rootworm (wcr, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte) is highly sensitive to orally delivered double-stranded rna (dsrna). rnai in wcr is systemic and spreads throughout the insect body. this raises the question whether transitive rnai is a mechanism that functions in wcr to amplify the rnai response via production of secondary sirna. secondary sirna production is achieved through rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) activity in other eukaryotic organisms, but rdrp has not been iden ... | 2016 | 27520841 |
| assessment of potential risks of dietary rnai to a soil micro-arthropod, sinella curviseta brook (collembola: entomobryidae). | rnai-based genetically engineered (ge) crops for the management of insect pests are likely to be commercialized by the end of this decade. without a workable framework for conducting the ecological risk assessment (era) and a standardized era protocol, however, the utility of rnai transgenic crops in pest management remains uncertain. the overall goal of this study is to assess the risks of rnai-based ge crops on a non-target soil micro-arthropod, sinella curviseta, which could be exposed to pla ... | 2016 | 27471512 |
| intraplant communication in maize contributes to defense against insects. | the vasculature of plants act as a channel for transport of signal(s) that facilitate long-distance intraplant communication. in maize, maize insect resistance1-cysteine protease (mir1-cp), which has homology to papain-like proteases, provides defense to different feeding guilds of insect pests. furthermore, accumulation of mir1-cp in the vasculature suggests that mir1-cp can potentially function as a phloem-mobile protein. in a recent study, we provided evidence that mir1-cp can curtail the gro ... | 2016 | 27467304 |
| evidence of resistance to cry34/35ab1 corn by western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae): root injury in the field and larval survival in plant-based bioassays. | western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), is a serious pest of corn in the united states, and recent management of western corn rootworm has included planting of bt corn. beginning in 2009, western corn rootworm populations with resistance to cry3bb1 corn and mcry3a corn were found in iowa and elsewhere. to date, western corn rootworm populations have remained susceptible to corn producing bt toxin cry34/35ab1. in this study, we used single-plant ... | 2016 | 27329619 |
| rna interference: a promising biopesticide strategy against the african sweetpotato weevil cylas brunneus. | the african sweetpotato weevil cylas brunneus is one of the most devastating pests affecting the production of sweetpotatoes, an important staple food in sub-saharan africa. current available control methods against this coleopteran pest are limited. in this study, we analyzed the potential of rna interference as a novel crop protection strategy against this insect pest. first, the c. brunneus transcriptome was sequenced and rnai functionality was confirmed by successfully silencing the laccase2 ... | 2016 | 27941836 |
| development of a co2 -releasing coformulation based on starch, saccharomyces cerevisiae and beauveria bassiana attractive towards western corn rootworm larvae. | co2 is known as an attractant for many soil-dwelling pests. to implement an attract-and-kill strategy for soil pest control, co2 -emitting formulations need to be developed. the aim of the present work was to develop a slow-release bead system in order to bridge the gap between application and hatching of western corn rootworm larvae. | 2016 | 26834068 |
| developing an in vivo toxicity assay for rnai risk assessment in honey bees, apis mellifera l. | maize plants expressing dsrna for the management of diabrotica virgifera virgifera are likely to be commercially available by the end of this decade. honey bees, apis mellifera, can potentially be exposed to pollen from transformed maize expressing dsrna. consequently, evaluation of the biological impacts of rnai in honey bees is a fundamental component for ecological risk assessment. the insecticidal activity of a known lethal dsrna target for d. v. virgifera, the vatpase subunit a, was evaluat ... | 2016 | 26454117 |
| no impact of dvsnf7 rna on honey bee (apis mellifera l.) adults and larvae in dietary feeding tests. | the honey bee (apis mellifera l.) is the most important managed pollinator species worldwide and plays a critical role in the pollination of a diverse range of economically important crops. this species is important to agriculture and historically has been used as a surrogate species for pollinators to evaluate the potential adverse effects for conventional, biological, and microbial pesticides, as well as for genetically engineered plants that produce pesticidal products. as part of the ecologi ... | 2016 | 26011006 |
| dynamic precision phenotyping reveals mechanism of crop tolerance to root herbivory. | the western corn rootworm (wcr; diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte) is a major pest of maize (zea mays) that is well adapted to most crop management strategies. breeding for tolerance is a promising alternative to combat wcr but is currently constrained by a lack of physiological understanding and phenotyping tools. we developed dynamic precision phenotyping approaches using (11)c with positron emission tomography, root autoradiography, and radiometabolite flux analysis to understand maize t ... | 2016 | 27406166 |
| rnai induced knockdown of a cadherin-like protein (ef531715) does not affect toxicity of cry34/35ab1 or cry3aa to diabrotica virgifera virgifera larvae (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | the western corn rootworm (wcr), diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, is an important maize pest throughout most of the u.s. corn belt. bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins including modified cry3aa and cry34/35ab1 have been expressed in transgenic maize to protect against wcr feeding damage. to date, there is limited information regarding the wcr midgut target sites for these proteins. in this study, we examined whether a cadherin-like gene from diabrotica virgifera virgifera (d ... | 2016 | 27334721 |
| broad-spectrum resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins by western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera). | the evolution of resistance and cross-resistance threaten the sustainability of genetically engineered crops that produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, is a serious pest of maize and has been managed with bt maize since 2003. we conducted laboratory bioassays with maize hybrids producing bt toxins cry3bb1, mcry3a, ecry3.1ab, and cry34/35ab1, which represent all commercialized bt toxins fo ... | 2016 | 27297953 |
| western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) larval movement in ecry3.1ab+mcry3a seed blend scenarios. | corn fields planted with plant-incorporated bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins must have a portion of the field planted with non-bt, isoline, plants that serve as a refuge for susceptible insects. in the corn belt, refuge seeds are now blended in the bag with bt seeds for corn hybrids containing two or more toxins targeted toward the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. syngenta's corn hybrid, agrisure duracade, containing the ecry3.1ab (event 5307) and mcry3a (event ... | 2016 | 27190042 |
| evaluation of potential fitness costs associated with ecry3.1ab resistance in diabrotica virgifera virgifera (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | both an ecry3.1ab-selected and paired control western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, colony were tested for adult longevity, egg oviposition, egg viability, and larval development in order to evaluate the potential fitness costs associated with ecry3.1ab resistance. adult longevity experiments were conducted by pairing virgin males and females together in plastic boxes supplied with food, water, and ovipositional medium and observed for survival time. eggs were also colle ... | 2016 | 27151470 |
| field-based assessment of resistance to bt corn by western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, is a serious pest of corn and is managed with corn that produces insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). beginning in 2009, resistance to cry3bb1 corn, and severe injury to cry3bb1 corn in the field, was observed in iowa. however, few data exist on how cry3bb1-resistant western corn rootworm interact with various management practices in the field. using a field experiment, we measured adult emergen ... | 2016 | 27122498 |
| multiple assays indicate varying levels of cross resistance in cry3bb1-selected field populations of the western corn rootworm to mcry3a, ecry3.1ab, and cry34/35ab1. | minnesota populations of diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, the western corn rootworm, surviving cry3bb1-expressing corn in the field and western corn rootworm populations assumed to be susceptible to all bt proteins were evaluated for susceptibility to cry3bb1, mcry3a, ecry3.1ab, and cry34/35ab1 in diet assays and three different plant-based assays. rootworm populations originating from cry3bb1 fields and that consistently experienced greater than expected damage had increased survival and ... | 2016 | 27106225 |
| a selective insecticidal protein from pseudomonas for controlling corn rootworms. | the coleopteran insect western corn rootworm (wcr) (diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte) is a devastating crop pest in north america and europe. although crop plants that produce bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins can limit insect infestation, some insect populations have evolved resistance to bt proteins. here we describe an insecticidal protein, designated ipd072aa, that is isolated from pseudomonas chlororaphis. transgenic corn plants expressing ipd072aa show protection from wcr insect i ... | 2016 | 27708055 |
| effects of field history on corn root injury and adult abundance of northern and western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), and northern corn rootworm, diabrotica barberi smith & lawrence, are major pests of corn (zea mays l.). corn producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins are widely used to manage diabrotica spp.; however, bt resistance by d. v. virgifera has led to high levels of feeding injury in the field. we tested whether field history affected root injury and abundance of adult diabrotica spp. in 2013 and 2014, four ... | 2016 | 27498115 |
| ipm use with the deployment of a non-high dose bt pyramid and mitigation of resistance for western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera). | recent detection of western corn rootworm resistance to bt (bacillus thuringiensis) corn prompted recommendations for the use of integrated pest management (ipm) with planting refuges to prolong the durability of bt technologies. we conducted a simulation experiment exploring the effectiveness of various ipm tools at extending durability of pyramided bt traits. results indicate that some ipm practices have greater merits than others. crop rotation was the most effective strategy, followed by inc ... | 2016 | 27018423 |
| effects of refuges on the evolution of resistance to transgenic corn by the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. | diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte is a major pest of corn and causes over a billion dollars of economic loss annually through yield reductions and management costs. corn producing toxins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been developed to help manage d. v. virgifera. however, previous studies have demonstrated the ability of this species to evolve resistance to bt toxins in both laboratory and field settings. | 2016 | 25652190 |
| carbon dioxide receptor genes and their expression profile in diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | diabrotica virgifera virgifera, western corn rootworm, is one of the most devastating species in north america. d. v. virgifera neonates crawl through the soil to locate the roots on which they feed. carbon dioxide (co2) is one of the important volatile cues that attract d. v. virgifera larvae to roots. | 2016 | 26746870 |
| genetic markers for western corn rootworm resistance to bt toxin. | western corn rootworm (wcr) is a major maize (zea mays l.) pest leading to annual economic losses of more than 1 billion dollars in the united states. transgenic maize expressing insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used for the management of wcr. however, cultivation of bt-expressing maize places intense selection pressure on pest populations to evolve resistance. instances of resistance to bt toxins have been reported in wcr. developing genetic ... | 2015 | 25566794 |
| mating success, longevity, and fertility of diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (chrysomelidae: coleoptera) in relation to body size and cry3bb1-resistant and cry3bb1-susceptible genotypes. | insect resistance to population control methodologies is a widespread problem. the development of effective resistance management programs is often dependent on detailed knowledge regarding the biology of individual species and changes in that biology associated with resistance evolution. this study examined the reproductive behavior and biology of western corn rootworm beetles of known body size from lines resistant and susceptible to the cry3bb1 protein toxin expressed in transgenic bacillus t ... | 2015 | 26569315 |
| susceptibility of nebraska western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) populations to bt corn events. | transgenic plants have been widely adopted by growers to manage the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, in field corn. because of reduced efficacy in some nebraska fields after repeated use of cry3bb1-expressing hybrids, single plant bioassays were conducted in 2012 and 2013 to characterize the susceptibility of western corn rootworm populations to the rootworm-active proteins cry3bb1, mcry3a, and cry34/35ab1. results demonstrate that there are heritable differences in ... | 2015 | 26470186 |
| effects of pyramided bt corn and blended refuges on western corn rootworm and northern corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, and the northern corn rootworm, diabrotica barberi smith & lawrence (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), are major pests of corn (zea mays l). several transgenic corn events producing insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) kill corn rootworm larvae and reduce injury to corn roots. however, planting of bt corn imposes selection on rootworm populations to evolve bt resistance. the refuge strategy and pyr ... | 2015 | 26470183 |
| emergence and abundance of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in bt cornfields with structured and seed blend refuges. | to slow evolution of western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte) resistance to bt (bacillus thuringiensis berliner) corn hybrids, non-bt "refuges" must be planted within or adjacent to bt cornfields, allowing susceptible insects to develop without exposure to bt toxins. bt-susceptible adults from refuges are expected to find and mate with resistant adults that have emerged from bt corn, reducing the likelihood that bt-resistant offspring are produced. the spatial and temporal ... | 2015 | 26470111 |
| inheritance and fitness costs of resistance to cry3bb1 corn by western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely planted to manage pest insects. one of the primary pests targeted by bt corn in the united states is western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). cry3bb1 corn for management of western corn rootworm was commercialized in 2003, and beginning in 2009, populations of western corn rootworm with field-evolved resistance to cry3bb1 corn were ... | 2015 | 26453731 |
| restoring (e)-β-caryophyllene production in a non-producing maize line compromises its resistance against the fungus colletotrichum graminicola. | the sesquiterpene (e)-β-caryophyllene is emitted from maize (zea mays) leaves and roots in response to herbivore attack. this compound serves as a signal for the attraction of herbivore enemies and is present in most european maize varieties. however, most north american maize lines have lost the ability to produce (e)-β-caryophyllene. previously, we showed that restoring the ability to synthesize (e)-β-caryophyllene in a non-producing maize line improved its resistance against the root herbivor ... | 2015 | 25893788 |
| a novel method of demonstrating the molecular and functional equivalence between in vitro and plant-produced double-stranded rna. | a biotechnology-derived corn variety, mon 87411, containing a suppression cassette that expresses an inverted repeat sequence that matches the sequence of western corn rootworm (wcr; diabrotica virgifera virgifera) has been developed. the expression of the cassette results in the formation of a double-stranded rna (dsrna) transcript containing a 240 bp fragment of the wcr snf7 gene (dvsnf7) that confers resistance to corn rootworm by suppressing levels of dvsnf7 mrna in wcr after root feeding. i ... | 2015 | 26361852 |
| patterns of differential gene expression in adult rotation-resistant and wild-type western corn rootworm digestive tracts. | the western corn rootworm (wcr,diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte) is an important pest of corn. annual crop rotation between corn and soybean disrupts the corn-dependent wcr life cycle and is widely adopted to manage this pest. this strategy selected for rotation-resistant (rr) wcr with reduced ovipositional fidelity to corn. previous studies revealed that rr-wcr adults exhibit greater tolerance of soybean diets, different gut physiology, and host-microbe interactions compared to rotation-s ... | 2015 | 26240606 |
| parental rna interference of genes involved in embryonic development of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. | rna interference (rnai) is being developed as a potential tool for insect pest management and one of the most likely target pest species for transgenic plants that express double stranded rna (dsrna) is the western corn rootworm. thus far, most genes proposed as targets for rnai in rootworm cause lethality in the larval stage. in this study, we describe rnai-mediated knockdown of two developmental genes, hunchback (hb) and brahma (brm), in the western corn rootworm delivered via dsrna fed to adu ... | 2015 | 26005118 |
| correction: validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera). | 2015 | 25849280 | |
| a small, differentially regulated family of farnesyl diphosphate synthases in maize (zea mays) provides farnesyl diphosphate for the biosynthesis of herbivore-induced sesquiterpenes. | of the three functional fpps identified in maize, fpps3 is induced by herbivory to produce fdp important for the formation of the volatile sesquiterpenes of plant defense. sesquiterpenes are not only crucial for the growth and development of a plant but also for its interaction with the environment. the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes proceeds over farnesyl diphosphate (fdp), which is either used as a substrate for protein prenylation, converted to squalene, or to volatile sesquiterpenes. to eluc ... | 2015 | 25680349 |
| protein profiling and tps23 induction in different maize lines in response to methyl jasmonate treatment and diabrotica virgifera infestation. | plant responses to herbivore insects involve direct and indirect defense with the production of signal molecules including jasmonic acid (ja) and its derivatives (e.g. methyl jasmonate, meja). in maize (zea mays), root feeding by diabrotica virgifera larvae activates an indirect defense mechanism, through enthomopathogenic nematodes that are recruited after terpene synthase 23 (tps23) upregulation and (e)-β-caryophyllene root emission. in order to gain insight into the correlation between ja sig ... | 2015 | 25506768 |
| evidence of field-evolved resistance to bifenthrin in western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte) populations in western nebraska and kansas. | pyrethroid insecticides have been used to control larvae or adults of the western corn rootworm (wcr), diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, a key pest of field corn in the united states. in response to reports of reduced efficacy of pyrethroids in wcr management programs in southwestern areas of nebraska and kansas the present research was designed to establish a baseline of susceptibility to the pyrethroid insecticide, bifenthrin, using susceptible laboratory populations and to compare this ... | 2015 | 26566127 |
| impact of the bt corn proteins cry34/35ab1 and cry3bb1, alone or pyramided, on western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) beetle emergence in the field. | western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, is a major pest of corn, zea mays l. the effect of the bt proteins cry34/35ab1 and cry3bb1, alone or pyramided in corn hybrids on d. v. virgifera adult emergence was evaluated in field experiments for 3 yr. experiments were infested artificially with 2,500 viable d. v. virgifera eggs per row meter of corn. the reduction in beetle emergence compared with non-bt controls, from cry34/35ab1, cry3bb1, and the pyramided hybrids ranged from ... | 2015 | 26470344 |
| effect of seed blends and soil-insecticide on western and northern corn rootworm emergence from mcry3a+ecry3.1ab bt maize. | seed blends containing various ratios of transgenic bt maize (zea mays l.) expressing the mcry3a+ecry3.1ab proteins and non-bt maize (near-isoline maize) were deployed alone and in combination with a soil applied pyrethroid insecticide (force cs) to evaluate the emergence of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, in a total of nine field environments across the midwestern united states in 2010 and 2011. northern corn rootworm, diabrotica barberi smith & lawrence emerg ... | 2015 | 26470254 |
| monogalactosyldiacylglycerols as host recognition cues for western corn rootworm larvae (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgdg) was identified as a host recognition cue for larvae of the western corn rootworm diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. an active glycolipid fraction obtained from an extract of germinating maize roots was isolated with thin layer chromatography using a bioassay-driven approach. when analyzed with lc-ms (positive ion scanning), the assay-active spot was found to contain four different mgdg species: 18:3-18:3 (1,2-dilinolenoyl), 18:2-18:3 (1-linoleoyl, 2-linol ... | 2015 | 26470164 |
| a physiological and behavioral mechanism for leaf herbivore-induced systemic root resistance. | indirect plant-mediated interactions between herbivores are important drivers of community composition in terrestrial ecosystems. among the most striking examples are the strong indirect interactions between spatially separated leaf- and root-feeding insects sharing a host plant. although leaf feeders generally reduce the performance of root herbivores, little is known about the underlying systemic changes in root physiology and the associated behavioral responses of the root feeders. we investi ... | 2015 | 26430225 |
| the temporal and spatial invasion genetics of the western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in southern europe. | this study describes the genetics of the western corn rootworm (wcr), diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte in southern europe during the introduction (1996-2001) and establishment/spread (2002-2011) phases of its invasion. the diabrotica microsatellite core-set was used to perform traditional population genetics analyses. our results indicated that during the introduction phase genetic diversity and population genetic structure were lower overall as compared to the establishment/spread phase. ... | 2015 | 26406466 |
| validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera). | quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) is a powerful technique to investigate comparative gene expression. in general, normalization of results using a highly stable housekeeping gene (hkg) as an internal control is recommended and necessary. however, there are several reports suggesting that regulation of some hkgs is affected by different conditions. the western corn rootworm (wcr), diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), is a serious pest of corn in the united states ... | 2014 | 25356627 |
| no clear effect of admixture between two european invading outbreaks of diabrotica virgifera virgifera in natura. | in this study, we challenged the hypothesis that admixture may have had a positive impact in the context of the european invasion of the western corn rootworm (wcr), diabrotica virgifera virgifera, leconte. this beetle was introduced in europe from the usa several times since the 1980's. the multiple introductions of this major pest of cultivated corn led to the formation of two major outbreaks in north western (nw) italy and in central and south eastern (cse) europe that eventually merged into ... | 2014 | 25170837 |
| establishing an in vivo assay system to identify components involved in environmental rna interference in the western corn rootworm. | the discovery of environmental rna interference (rnai), in which gene expression is suppressed via feeding with double-stranded rna (dsrna) molecules, opened the door to the practical application of rnai-based techniques in crop pest management. the western corn rootworm (wcr, diabrotica virgifera virgifera) is one of the most devastating corn pests in north america. interestingly, wcr displays a robust environmental rnai response, raising the possibility of applying an rnai-based pest managemen ... | 2014 | 25003334 |
| carbon isotope ratios document that the elytra of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) reflects adult versus larval feeding and later instar larvae prefer bt corn to alternate hosts. | in much of the corn belt and parts of europe, the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, is the most important insect pest of maize. the need for additional basic knowledge of this pest has been highlighted while developing resistance management plans for insecticidal genetically modified crops. this study evaluated the possibility of tracking feeding habits of western corn rootworm larvae using stable carbon isotope signatures. plants accumulate different ratios of (13)c ... | 2014 | 24874160 |
| induced carbon reallocation and compensatory growth as root herbivore tolerance mechanisms. | upon attack by leaf herbivores, many plants reallocate photoassimilates below ground. however, little is known about how plants respond when the roots themselves come under attack. we investigated induced resource allocation in maize plants that are infested by the larvae western corn rootworm diabrotica virgifera virgifera. using radioactive (11) co(2), we demonstrate that root-attacked maize plants allocate more new (11) c carbon from source leaves to stems, but not to roots. reduced meristema ... | 2014 | 24762051 |
| differential effects of rnai treatments on field populations of the western corn rootworm. | rna interference (rnai) mediated crop protection against insect pests is a technology that is greatly anticipated by the academic and industrial pest control communities. prior to commercialization, factors influencing the potential for evolution of insect resistance to rnai should be evaluated. while mutations in genes encoding the rnai machinery or the sequences targeted for interference may serve as a prominent mechanism of resistance evolution, differential effects of rnai on target pests ma ... | 2014 | 24759044 |
| genetic monitoring of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) populations on a microgeographic scale. | microsatellite and mitochondrial dna genetic monitoring of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, was undertaken in croatia and serbia from 1996 to 2011 and in the united states in 2011. the seven u.s. populations displayed the greatest allelic diversity. in europe, the highest number of alleles was found in rugvica, croatia, and surčin, serbia, the two sites closest to international airports. the highest number of mitochondrial (mt) dna haplotypes was recorded from c ... | 2014 | 24690224 |
| soil application of an encapsulated co2 source and its potential for management of western corn rootworm larvae. | western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte) larvae use carbon dioxide (co2) to locate the roots of their hosts. this study investigated whether an encapsulated co2 source (co2-emitting capsules) is able to outcompete co2 gradients established by corn root respiration in the soil. furthermore, the following two management options with the capsules were tested in semifield experiments (0.5- to 1-m2 greenhouse plots): the disruption of host location and an "attract-and-kill" stra ... | 2014 | 24665706 |
| assembly and annotation of full mitochondrial genomes for the corn rootworm species, diabrotica virgifera virgifera and diabrotica barberi (insecta: coleoptera: chrysomelidae), using next generation sequence data. | complete mitochondrial genomes for two corn rootworm species, diabrotica virgifera virgifera (16,747 bp) and diabrotica barberi (16,632; insecta: coleoptera: chrysomelidae), were assembled from illumina hiseq2000 read data. annotation indicated that the order and orientation of 13 protein coding genes (pcgs), and 22 trna and 2 rrna sequences were in typical of insect mitochondrial genomes. non-standard nad4 and cox3 stop codons were composed of single t nucleotides and likely completed by adenyl ... | 2014 | 24657060 |
| western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera) transcriptome assembly and genomic analysis of population structure. | western corn rootworm (wcr) is one of the most significant insect pests of maize in north america. wcr has dramatically increased its range in the last century, invading key maize production areas in the us and abroad. in addition, this species has a history of evolving traits that allow it to escape various control options. improved genetic and genomic resources are crucial tools for understanding population history and the genetic basis of trait evolution. here we produce and analyze a transcr ... | 2014 | 24628835 |
| predator community structure and trophic linkage strength to a focal prey. | predator abundance and community structure can affect the suppression of lower trophic levels, although studies of these interactions under field conditions are relatively few. we investigated how the frequency of consumption (measured using pcr-based gut content analysis) is affected by predator abundance, community diversity and evenness under realistic conditions. soil arthropod communities in sixteen maize fields were measured (number of predators, diversity [shannon h] and evenness [j]), an ... | 2014 | 24612337 |
| proliferation and copy number variation of bel-like long terminal repeat retrotransposons within the diabrotica virgifera virgifera genome. | the proliferation of retrotransposons within a genome can contribute to increased size and affect the function of eukaryotic genes. bel/pao-like long-terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposons were annotated from the highly adaptable insect species diabrotica virgifera virgifera, the western corn rootworm, using survey sequences from bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) inserts and contigs derived from a low coverage next-generation genome sequence assembly. eleven unique d. v. virgifera bel elemen ... | 2014 | 24498652 |
| ultrastructural changes caused by snf7 rnai in larval enterocytes of western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera le conte). | the high sensitivity to oral rna interference (rnai) of western corn rootworm (wcr, diabrotica virgifera virgifera le conte) provides a novel tool for pest control. previous studies have shown that rnai of dvsnf7, an essential cellular component of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (escrt), caused deficiencies in protein de-ubiquitination and autophagy, leading to wcr death. here we investigated the detailed mechanism leading to larval death by analyzing the ultrastructural change ... | 2014 | 24409288 |
| nontarget organism effects tests on ecry3.1ab and their application to the ecological risk assessment for cultivation of event 5307 maize. | event 5307 transgenic maize produces the novel insecticidal protein ecry3.1ab, which is active against certain coleopteran pests such as western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera). laboratory tests with representative nontarget organisms (ntos) were conducted to test the hypothesis of no adverse ecological effects of cultivating event 5307 maize. estimates of environmental ecry3.1ab concentrations for each nto were calculated from the concentrations of ecry3.1ab produced by 5307 maiz ... | 2014 | 24407432 |
| control of diabrotica virgifera virgifera le conte in maize seed treatment. | during the last decade of xx century, diabrotica virgifera virgifera le conte became an important introduced harmful species in maize production in the northern serbia region. the aim of this work was to assess the efficacy of imidacloprid based insecticides formulated for seed treatment in the control of d. v. virgifera. experiments were set at two localities (čurug--two-year maize culturing; bečej--four-year maize culturing) in 2013, according to oepp (pp 1/212(1) 2004) method. imidacloprid ba ... | 2014 | 26084104 |
| phenotypic trait changes in laboratory--reared colonies of the maize herbivore, diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | the north american and european maize pest diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) was used to assess whether conditions of the natal field, subsequent laboratory rearing, or genetic population origin affect phenotypic traits of fitness, activity, or morphometrics. standardized laboratory bioassays with large sample sizes revealed that none of the 16 tested traits, except crawling behaviours, appeared consistently stable across all seven tested colonies. environmental ... | 2014 | 24267312 |
| modeling a western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), maturation delay and resistance evolution in bt corn. | emergence delay and female-skewed sex ratios among adults of diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) from bt corn have been reported in field studies. the authors used a simulation model to study the effect of a maturation delay and a female-skewed sex ratio for d. v. virgifera emerging from bt corn on the evolution of bt resistance. | 2014 | 23996641 |