Publications

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cdna isolation and expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent cytochrome p450 reductase gene in the chagas disease vector triatoma infestans.pyrethroid resistance has been detected in triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae), which was atributed to target site insensitivity and increased oxidative metabolism of the insecticide by cytochrome p450s. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) plays an essential role in transferring electrons from nadph to the p450-substrate complex. in this study, the full length cpr cdna of t. infestans was isolated and gene expression was determined by quanti ...201829363459
assessing the risk zones of chagas' disease in chile, in a world marked by global climatic change.vector transmission of trypanosoma cruzi appears to be interrupted in chile; however, data show increasing incidence of chagas' disease, raising concerns that there may be a reemerging problem.201829211105
triatoma infestans relies on salivary lysophosphatidylcholine to enhance trypanosoma cruzi transmission.triatoma infestans is a mandatory haematophagous vector of chagas disease in brazil. despite a large number of studies on the anti-haemostatic molecules present in its saliva, the role of its salivary components on parasite transmission is poorly understood. here, we show that the bioactive lipid molecule, lysophosphatidylcholine (lpc), is present in the salivary gland of t. infestans. we characterized the lipid profiles of each unit of the t. infestans salivary gland. we noticed that lpc is pre ...201829107570
transcriptome analysis of the triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) integument.the insect integument, formed by the cuticle and the underlying epidermis, is essential for insect fitness, regulation of lipid biosynthesis and storage, insect growth and feeding, together with development progress. its participation in insecticide resistance has also been outlined. triatoma infestans klug (hemiptera: reduviidae) is one of the major vectors of chagas disease in south america; however, genomic data are scarce. in this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the nymph int ...201729029205
evaluation of the toxic effects of doramectin, ivermectin and eprinomectin against triatoma infestans using a rat model.pyrethroids have been frequently and intensively used for controlling the triatomine vectors of trypanosoma cruzi. the emergence of resistance to these insecticides has resulted in an urgent need to identify novel, alternative and complementary control strategies.201728968009
can triatoma virus inhibit infection of trypanosoma cruzi (chagas, 1909) in triatoma infestans (klug)? a cross infection and co-infection study.triatoma virus occurs infecting triatominae in the wild (argentina) and in insectaries (brazil). pathogenicity of triatoma virus has been demonstrated in laboratory; accidental infections in insectaries produce high insect mortality. when more than one microorganism enters the same host, the biological interaction among them differs greatly depending on the nature and the infection order of the co-existing species of microorganisms. we studied the possible interactions between triatoma virus (tr ...201728962837
the eco-epidemiology of triatoma infestans in the temperate monte desert ecoregion of mid-western argentina.the eco-epidemiological status of chagas disease in the monte desert ecoregion of western argentina is largely unknown. we investigated the environmental and socio-demographic determinants of house infestation with triatoma infestans, bug abundance, vector infection with trypanosoma cruzi and host-feeding sources in a well-defined rural area of lavalle department in the mendoza province.201728953998
dicistroviridae: a new viral purification technique.the family dicistroviridae comprises three genera and about twenty species of rna virus, most of them with health or agricultural importance. the triatoma virus (trv) is the only entomopathogenic virus identified in triatomine bugs up to the present. trv replicates within the intestinal epithelial cells, causing high mortality rate and delayed development of the molt of these bugs. trv has been proposed as a biological control agent for vectors of chagas disease. viral particles were purified fr ...201728888671
a methodology based on insecticide impregnated filter paper for monitoring resistance to deltamethrin in triatoma infestans field populations.the domiciliary presence of triatoma infestans (klug) (hemiptera: reduviidae) after control interventions was reported in recent years. toxicological studies showed high levels of resistance to pyrethroids suggesting resistance as one of the main causes of deficient control. the aim of the present study was to develop a protocol to test resistance to deltamethrin in t. infestans collected from the field by discriminate concentration. to evaluate field insects, the effect of age (early vs. later) ...201728766724
genetic characterization of residual triatoma infestans populations from brazil by microsatellite.in spite of long-term efforts to eliminate triatoma infestans (klug 1834) from brazil, residual foci still persist in the states of bahia and rio grande do sul. data on the genetic variability and structuring of these populations are however lacking. using nine microsatellite loci, we characterized one residual t. infestans population from bahia and four from rio grande do sul, and compared them with bugs originally from an older focus in são paulo; 224 bugs were genotyped. the number of alleles ...201728120213
toxicological, enzymatic, and molecular assessment of the insecticide susceptibility profile of triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae, triatominae) populations from rural communities of santa cruz, bolivia.a wide range of insecticide resistance profiles has been reported across bolivian domestic and sylvatic populations of triatoma infestans (klug, 1834) (hemiptera, reduviidae), including some with levels proven to be a threat for vector control. in this work, the insecticide profile of domestic t. infestans was studied with standardized toxicological bioassays, in an area that has not undergone consistent vector control. f1 first-instar nymphs hatched in laboratory from bugs captured in three com ...201728011736
temporal variations of fluctuating asymmetry in wing size and shape of triatoma infestans populations from northwest argentina.environmentally-induced developmental instability has frequently been assessed using fluctuating asymmetry (fa) methods. for triatoma infestans, the major vector of chagas disease, the combined effects of host-feeding sources and habitats affected wing developmental instability depending on sex in figueroa villages, northwest argentina. here we investigated whether habitat, sex, season/year and insecticide applications affected wing developmental instability in t. infestans populations from amam ...201729146550
habitat-specific occupancy and a metapopulation model of triatoma sordida (hemiptera: reduviidae), a secondary vector of chagas disease, in northeastern argentina.triatoma sordida stål (hemiptera: reduviidae), a secondary vector of trypanosoma cruzi chagas (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), occasionally colonizes human sleeping quarters in paraguay, bolivia, and brazil, whereas only sylvatic and peridomestic populations are found in argentina. we carried out a cross-sectional survey of house infestation in a well-defined rural area of northeastern argentina to identify the key habitats of t. sordida; describe its spatial distribution in an apparently und ...201729272421
body size and hosts of triatoma infestans populations affect the size of bloodmeal contents and female fecundity in rural northwestern argentina.human sleeping quarters (domiciles) and chicken coops are key source habitats of triatoma infestans-the principal vector of the infection that causes chagas disease-in rural communities in northern argentina. here we investigated the links among individual bug bloodmeal contents (bmc, mg), female fecundity, body length (l, mm), host blood sources and habitats. we tested whether l, habitat and host blood conferred relative fitness advantages using generalized linear mixed-effects models and a mul ...201729211791
clock gene period in the chagas disease vector triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae).to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular bases of the circadian biological rhythms in chagas disease vectors, in this work we identified functional domains in the sequences of the clock protein period (per) in rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans and analyzed the expression of the per gene at mrna level in t. infestans. the per protein sequences comparison among these species and those from other insects revealed that the most similar regions are the pas domains and the most ...201729260645
behavioral evidence of oxidative stress by hematophagy in the ocellar system of rhodnius prolixus stål, 1859 red-eyed mutants.the photonegative response to light stimulation in rhodnius prolixus (reduviidae, triatominae) is modulated by compound eyes and ocelli. screening pigments in the visual system have been shown to protect the cellular structures from the oxidative stress damage produced by blood ingestion and light stimulation. red-eyed mutants of rhodnius prolixus lack screening pigments in their compound eyes and ocelli and are exposed to more oxidative stress. experiments with rhodnius prolixus and triatoma in ...201728636880
[the effect of blood meal size taken in the nymphal stage on moulting into imago in the triatomid bugs. rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans]. 20174894411
[follicular degeneration in triatomid bugs, rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans]. 20174886734
[gonotrophic relations in triatomid bugs rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans]. 20174886727
salivary lipocalin family proteins from panstrongylus chinai, a vector of chagas disease.the dataset in this report is related to the research article with the title: "salivary gland transcripts of the kissing bug, panstrongylus chinai, a vector of chagas disease" (kato et al., 2017) [1]. lipocalin family proteins were identified as the dominant component in p. chinai saliva, and phylogenetic analysis of the salivary lipocalins resulted in the formation of five major clades. for further characterization, each clade of p. chinai lipocalin was s alignment and phylogenetic analyses tog ...201729034292
[monthly variations of the incidence of developmental forms of triatoma infestans and panstrongylus megistus in bambui, minas gerais]. 201713369131
chagas disease vector control and taylor's law.large spatial and temporal fluctuations in the population density of living organisms have profound consequences for biodiversity conservation, food production, pest control and disease control, especially vector-borne disease control. chagas disease vector control based on insecticide spraying could benefit from improved concepts and methods to deal with spatial variations in vector population density.201729190728
trypanosoma cruzi i genotype among isolates from patients with chronic chagas disease followed at the evandro chagas national institute of infectious diseases (fiocruz, brazil).trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of chagas disease in humans, mainly in latin america. trypanosome stocks were isolated by hemoculture from patients followed at evandro chagas national institute of infectious diseases (fiocruz) and studied using different approaches.201728327800
comparative and functional triatomine genomics reveals reductions and expansions in insecticide resistance-related gene families.triatomine insects are vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite that is the causative agent of chagas' disease. this is a neglected disease affecting approximately 8 million people in latin america. the existence of diverse pyrethroid resistant populations of at least two species demonstrates the potential of triatomines to develop high levels of insecticide resistance. therefore, the incorporation of strategies for resistance management is a main concern for vector control programs. t ...201728199333
hosts and vectors of trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in the chagas disease endemic region of the paraguayan chaco.active trypanosoma cruzi transmission persists in the gran chaco region, which is considered hyperendemic for chagas disease. understanding domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles and therefore the relationship between vectors and mammalian hosts is crucial to designing and implementing improved effective control strategies. here we describe the species of triatomine vectors and the sylvatic mammal reservoirs of t. cruzi, in different localities of the paraguayan and bolivian chaco. we identif ...201728179034
spatial and temporal distribution of house infestation by triatoma infestans in the toro toro municipality, potosi, bolivia.triatoma infestans is the main vector of trypanosoma cruzi in bolivia. the species is present both in domestic and peridomestic structures of rural areas, and in wild ecotopes of the andean valleys and the great chaco. the identification of areas persistently showing low and high house infestation by the vector is important for the management of vector control programs. this study aimed at analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of house infestation by t. infestans in the toro toro munic ...201728148283
triatoma infestans calreticulin: gene cloning and expression of a main domain that interacts with the host complement system.triatoma infestans is an important hematophagous vector of chagas disease, a neglected chronic illness affecting approximately 6 million people in latin america. hematophagous insects possess several molecules in their saliva that counteract host defensive responses. calreticulin (crt), a multifunctional protein secreted in saliva, contributes to the feeding process in some insects. human crt (hucrt) and trypanosoma cruzi crt (tccrt) inhibit the classical pathway of complement activation, mainly ...201727895277
jaburetox: update on a urease-derived peptide.urease from canavalia ensiformis seeds was the first enzyme ever to be crystallized, in 1926. these proteins, found in plants, bacteria and fungi, present different biological properties including catalytic hydrolysis of urea, and also enzyme-independent activities, such as induction of exocytosis, pro-inflammatory effects, neurotoxicity, antifungal and insecticidal properties. urease is toxic to insects and fungi per se but part of this toxicity relies on an internal peptide (~11 kda), which is ...201728638403
morphometric wings similarity among sylvatic and domestic populations of triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) from the gran chaco region of paraguay.despite sustained efforts for eliminating triatoma infestans, reinfestation still persists in large part of the endemic area of chagas disease from the gran chaco region. sylvatic t. infestans populations seem to threat success of control programs of domestic t. infestans. in this study, we analyze whether t. infestans collected after a community-wide spraying were survivors or were immigrants from elsewhere using geometric morphometric tools. we used 101 right wings of female t. infestans captu ...201728829725
wild populations of triatoma infestans: compilation of positive sites and comparison of their ecological niche with domestic population niche.for several years, the wild populations of triatoma infestans, main vector of trypanosoma cruzi causing chagas disease, have been considered or suspected of being a source of reinfestation of villages. the number of sites reported for the presence of wild t. infestans, often close to human habitats, has greatly increased, but these data are scattered in several publications, and others obtained by our team in bolivia have not been published yet.201728818626
within-host temporal fluctuations of trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units: the case of the wild reservoir rodent octodon degus.chagas disease caused by trypanosoma cruzi is considered a major public health problem in america. after an acute phase the disease changes to a chronic phase with very low parasitemia. the parasite presents high genetic variability with seven discrete typing units (dtus): tci-tcvi and tc bat. the aim of this work is to evaluate fluctuation of parasitemia and t. cruzi dtus in naturally infected octodon degus.201728784152
systemic insecticide treatment of the canine reservoir of trypanosoma cruzi induces high levels of lethality in triatoma infestans, a principal vector of chagas disease.despite large-scale reductions in chagas disease prevalence across central and south america, trypanosoma cruzi infection remains a considerable public health problem in the gran chaco region where vector-borne transmission persists. in these communities, peridomestic animals are major blood-meal sources for triatomines, and household presence of infected dogs increases t. cruzi transmission risk for humans. to address the pressing need for field-friendly, complementary methods to reduce triatom ...201728724448
comparative repeatome analysis on triatoma infestans andean and non-andean lineages, main vector of chagas disease.triatoma infestans is the most important chagas disease vector in south america. two main evolutionary lineages, named andean and non-andean, have been recognized by geographical distribution, phenetic and genetic characteristics. one of the main differences is the genomic size, varying over 30% in their haploid dna content. here we realize a genome wide analysis to compare the repetitive genome fraction (repeatome) between both lineages in order to identify the main repetitive dna changes occur ...201728723933
silencing of two vitellogenin genes inhibits oviposition in the chagas disease vector triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae).rna interference caused by exogenous double-stranded rna (dsrna) is used to downregulate crucial genes to control insects. the reproductive success of all oviparous species depends on vitellogenin (vg) biosynthesis and its accumulation in the developing oocytes. adult females of triatoma infestans were independently injected with two vg dsrnas (vg1 dsrna or vg2 dsrna) or nuclease-free water (control) 24 hours before feeding, and a group of adult females not injected was also analyzed (control). ...201728722589
complete mitochondrial genome of triatoma infestans (hemiptera, reduviidae, triatominae), main vector of chagas disease.the complete mitogenome of triatoma infestans, the main vector of chagas disease in south america, was obtained by combining illumina and sanger sequencing sequence data. the 17,301bp long genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rnas, 2 ribosomal rnas, and a control region. the number, order and orientation of mitochondrial genes are the same as in t. dimidiata, the only triatominae mt genome published so far. the main differences between both mitogenomes are found in the control re ...201728684375
seasonality and temperature-dependent flight dispersal of triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) and other vectors of chagas disease in western argentina.flight dispersal of triatominae is affected by climatic conditions and determines the spatiotemporal patterns of house invasion and transmission of trypanosoma cruzi chagas (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae). we investigated the detailed time structure and temperature dependencies of flight occurrence of triatoma infestans klug (hemiptera: reduviidae) and other triatomine species in a rural village of western argentina by taking advantage of the attraction of adult triatomines to artificial ligh ...201728605522
insights from tissue-specific transcriptome sequencing analysis of triatoma infestans.triatoma infestans is an insect of subfamily triatominae (hemiptera: reduviidae) and an important vector of trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of human chagas disease. in this work we reported a transcriptome assembly and annotation of t. infestans heads obtained by next generation sequencing (ngs) technologies.201728591407
toxicity, repellency and flushing out in triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) exposed to the repellents deet and ir3535.deet and ir3535 are insect repellents present worldwide in commercial products; their efficacy has been mainly evaluated in mosquitoes. this study compares the toxicological effects and the behavioral responses induced by both repellents on the blood-sucking bug triatoma infestans klug (hemiptera: reduviidae), one of the main vectors of chagas disease. when applied topically, the median lethal dose (72 h) for deet was 220.8 µg/insect. using ir3535, topical application of 500 µg/insect killed no ...201728533956
chagas disease: national survey of seroprevalence in children under five years of age conducted in 2008.since the early 1990s, programs to control chagas disease in south america have focused on eradicating domiciliary triatoma infestans, the main vector. seroprevalence studies of the chagasic infection are included as part of the vector control programs; they are essential to assess the impact of vector control measures and to monitor the prevention of vector transmission.201728443980
modeling chagas disease in chile: from vector to congenital transmission.chagaś disease is a human health problem in latin america. it is highly prevalent in northern chile between the arica-parinacota and coquimbo regions, with reported incidence of 3-11/100000 inhabitants and mortality of 0.3-0.4/100000. the interruption of vector transmission was reported in 1999 by means of the elimination of the primary vector, triatoma infestans, from human dwellings, thus the epidemiologic dynamics of this disease should be modified. here we model the dynamics of chagaś dise ...201728435013
the botanical monoterpenes linalool and eugenol flush-out nymphs of triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae).monoterpenes are the main components of essential oils. some members of this chemical family present insecticidal activity. triatoma infestans (klug) is the main vector of chagas disease in argentina, bolivia, paraguay, and perú. the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of six monoterpenes (1,8-cineole, eugenol, linalool, menthol, α-terpineol, and thymol) on the locomotor and flushing out activity of t. infestans. a video tracking technique was used to evaluate the locomotor activit ...201728399279
house reinfestation with triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) after community-wide spraying with insecticides in the argentine chaco: a multifactorial process.we investigated the dynamics and underlying causes of house (re)infestation with triatoma infestans (klug 1834) after a community-wide residual spraying with pyrethroids in a well-defined rural section of pampa del indio municipality (northeastern argentina) over a 4-yr period. house infestation was assessed by timed manual searches, during insecticide applications, and by opportunistic householders' bug collections. all reinfested houses were selectively re-sprayed with insecticides. the reside ...201728399199
differences in competitive ability for the occupancy of shelters in triatomines.triatomines (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae) are nocturnal blood-sucking insects. during daylight hours they remain in an akinetic state inside their shelters, whereas at dusk they become active and move outside. when they are outside their shelters during the photophase, triatomines are vulnerable to diurnal predators and the period just before dawn is critical to their survival. this work analyses the existence of competitive interactions involved in the occupancy of shelters by triatomine ...201728145576
a motorized vehicle-mounted sprayer as a new tool for chagas disease vector control.residual insecticide spraying still is the main tool used to suppress house infestations with chagas disease vectors. while manual compression sprayers (mcs) have traditionally been used in latin america, mendoza's vector control program from argentina introduced the use of a modified motorized vehicle-mounted sprayer (vms) with apparent advantages over mcs. we conducted a randomized intervention trial to evaluate the effectiveness and selected components of the performance of mcs and vms. we as ...201728125121
application of inter-simple sequence repeat markers in the analysis of populations of the chagas disease vector triatoma infestans (hemiptera, reduviidae).abstracthere we apply inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) markers to explore the fine-scale genetic structure and dispersal in populations of triatoma infestans. five selected primers from 30 primers were used to amplify issrs by polymerase chain reaction. a total of 90 polymorphic bands were detected across 134 individuals captured from 11 peridomestic sites from the locality of san martín (capayán department, catamarca province, argentina). significant levels of genetic differentiation suggest ...201728115670
experience-dependent modulation of the attraction to faeces in the kissing bug triatoma infestans.triatoma infestans is the main vector of the chagas disease in latin america. these nocturnal bugs spend most of the daylight hours aggregated with conspecifics inside crevices in roofs and walls. around the entrances of the shelters t. infestans deposits faeces that contain chemical cues that attract conspecifics. in this work we investigated whether attraction to faeces can be modulated by experience in this insect species. first, we analyzed if the attraction of nymphs to faeces is innate or ...201727840288
[influence of fixed temperature for annual periods on the metamorphosis and fertility of triatoma infestans]. 201714451921
demographic effects of deltamethrin resistance in the chagas disease vector triatoma infestans.triatoma infestans (heteroptera: reduviidae) klug is the main vector of chagas disease in latin america. resistance to deltamethrin was reported in argentina and recently associated with reproductive and longevity trade-offs. the objectives of the present study were to describe the demographic consequences of deltamethrin resistance in t. infestans and to establish possible target stages for chemical control in susceptible and resistant colonies. a stage-classified matrix model was constructed b ...201627677531
identification of three cytochrome p450 genes in the chagas' disease vector triatoma infestans: expression analysis in deltamethrin susceptible and resistant populations.cytochrome p450 monooxygenases play a predominant role in the metabolism of insecticides. many insect p450 genes have frequently been associated with detoxification processes allowing the insect to become tolerant or resistant to insecticides. the increases of expression of p450 genes at transcriptional level are often consider responsible for increasing the metabolism of insecticides and seems to be a common phenomenon in the evolution of resistance development in insects. as pyrethroid resista ...201627461853
active dispersal of triatoma infestans and other triatomines in the argentinean arid chaco before and after vector control interventions.peridomestic structures are considered the main sites where triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) remain and disperse, representing the first risk factor for intradomestic invasion, even after vector control activities. this study analyzed t. infestans dispersal during vector control interventions in six rural houses of the arid chaco (la rioja, argentina). flying and walking dispersers were captured during five months of two consecutive warm seasons after insecticide spraying of intra- and ...201627232129
kdr mutations in triatoma infestans from the gran chaco are distributed in two differentiated foci: implications for pyrethroid resistance management.point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel, the primary target of pyrethroid insecticides, have been associated with the resistance in triatoma infestans, an important vector of chagas' disease. hence, the sustainability of vector control programs requires the implementation of resistance management strategies. we determined the sensitivity of the molecular assays previously designed for early resistance detection to be used in pooled samples from a wide area of the endemic region, and ...201626992297
dynamics of expression of two vitellogenin genes in the chagas' disease vector triatoma infestans: analysis throughout pre-vitellogenesis and vitellogenesis.the reproductive success of all oviparous species depends on vitellogenin (vg) biosynthesis and its accumulation in the developing oocytes. the expression levels of two vg genes (vg1 and vg2) were analyzed by qpcr and western blot in fat body and ovaries of adult females, at different times after ecdysis (pre-vitellogenic phase) and after blood feeding of females (vitellogenic phase). vg genes were also evaluated in fat bodies of adult males as well as in female fifth instar nymphs. no trace of ...201626772448
identification of g protein coupled receptors for opsines and neurohormones in rhodnius prolixus. genomic and transcriptomic analysis.the importance of chagas disease motivated the scientific effort to obtain the complete genomic sequence of the vector species rhodnius prolixus, this information is also relevant to the understanding of triatomine biology in general. the central nervous system is the key regulator of insect physiology and behavior. neurohormones (neuropeptides and biogenic amines) are the chemical messengers involved in the regulation and integration of neuroendocrine signals. in insects, this signaling is main ...201625976540
neuropeptidomics in triatoma infestans. comparative transcriptomic analysis among triatomines.chagas' disease, affecting up to 6-7 million people worldwide, is transmitted to humans through the feces of triatomine kissing bugs. from these, rhodnius prolixus, triatoma dimidiata, triatoma infestans and triatoma pallidipennis are important vectors distributed throughout the latin american subcontinent. resistance to pyrethroids has been developed by some triatomine populations, especially t. infestans, obstructing their control. given their role in the regulation of physiological processes, ...201627993629
assessment of the anti-feeding and insecticidal effects of the combination of dinotefuran, permethrin and pyriproxyfen (vectra(®) 3d) against triatoma infestans on rats.this study, based on the rat model, was designed to explore the anti-feeding and insecticidal efficacy of a topical ectoparasiticide, dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen (dpp), against triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae), a vector of trypanosoma cruzi (trypanosomatida: trypanosomatidae), for which dogs are domestic reservoir hosts. twenty rats were divided into two equal groups: untreated and treated. each rat was exposed under sedation to 16 t. infestans of mixed life stages for 1 h on d ...201627862092
bias due to methods of parasite detection when estimating prevalence of infection of triatoma infestans by trypanosoma cruzi.the study aimed to quantify the bias from parasite detection methods in the estimation of the prevalence of infection of triatoma infestans by trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of chagas disease. three common protocols that detect t. cruzi in a sample of 640 wild-caught t. infestans were compared: (1) the microscopic observation of insect fecal droplets, (2) a pcr protocol targeting mini-exon genes of t. cruzi (mem-pcr), and (3) a pcr protocol targeting a satellite repeated unit of the parasite. agre ...201627860015
evolution of chagas' disease in brazil. epidemiological perspective and challenges for the future: a critical review.this article aimed to provide a critical review of the evolution of chagas' disease (chd) in brazil, its magnitude, historical development and management, and challenges for the future.201627758973
quantification by real-time pcr of trypanosoma cruzi dna in samples of triatoma infestans used in xenodiagnosis of chronic chagas disease patients.trypanosoma cruzi multiplies and differentiates in the digestive tract of triatomine insects. xenodiagnosis (xd) is a parasitological tool in which the insect vectors acts as a biological culture medium to amplify and detect t. cruzi infection in mammals. the sensitivity of xd has been overcome by the application of pcr in fecal samples (fs) of xd (pcr-xd). in this study, t. cruzi amplified in triatoma infestans fed by xd on individuals with chronic chagas disease (cchd) is quantified by real-ti ...201627377063
invasion of rural houses by wild triatominae in the arid chaco.triatomines are the vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of chagas disease, the main endemic disease affecting five to seven million people in latin america. besides triatoma infestans, the most important t. cruzi vector in the gran chaco region, other triatomine species associated with sylvatic birds and mammals are responsible for the maintenance of the wild cycle of t. cruzi. the present study aimed at evaluating the house invasion by sylvatic triatomine species in rural communit ...201627232130
geographical variation of deltamethrin susceptibility of triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) in argentina with emphasis on a resistant focus in the gran chaco.chagas disease is one of the most important parasitic infections in latin america. the main vector of the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi in america is triatoma infestans, a blood-sucking triatomine bug who is widely distributed in the gran chaco ecoregion. control programs in endemic countries are focused in the elimination of triatomine vectors with pyrethroid insecticides. however, chemical control has failed in the gran chaco over the last two decades because of several factors. previous studies ...201627113106
fluctuations in trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing unit composition in two naturally infected triatomines: mepraia gajardoi and m. spinolai after laboratory feeding.mepraia species are hematophagous insects and the most important wild vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease in southeastern south america. because the domestic triatoma infestans is already controlled, the transmission of different t. cruzi discrete typing units (dtus) by mepraia species deserves attention. our aim is to gather information on the diversity of t. cruzi dtus circulating in natural insect populations. two groups of naturally infected bugs 21 mepraia ga ...201627109041
host-feeding sources and infection with trypanosoma cruzi of triatoma infestans and triatoma eratyrusiformis (hemiptera: reduviidae) from the calchaqui valleys in northwestern argentina.we assessed the prevalence of infection with trypanosoma cruzi, parasite genotypes (discrete typing units, dtus), and the host-feeding sources of domestic and peridomestic triatoma infestans klug and triatoma eratyrusiformis del ponte in eight rural communities of the subandean calchaqui valleys in northwestern argentina. we sought to analyze their epidemiological role in the context of routine vector surveillance and control actions. infection with t. cruzi was determined by optic microscopy or ...201626849898
a comparative study of trypanosoma cruzi infection in sylvatic mammals from a protected and a disturbed area in the argentine chaco.understanding the complex epidemiology of trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycles requires comparative studies in widely different environments. we assessed the occurrence of t. cruzi infection in sylvatic mammals, their infectiousness to the vector, and parasite genotypes in a protected area of the argentine chaco, and compared them with information obtained similarly in a nearby disturbed area. a total of 278 mammals from >23 species in the protected area were diagnosed for t. cruzi infection us ...201626708994
selective insecticide applications directed against triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) affected a nontarget secondary vector of chagas disease, triatoma garciabesi.the control of nondomiciliated triatomine species adapted to peridomestic habitats represents a challenge because they are connected to sylvatic colonies, and pyrethroid insecticides have limited effects outdoors. the effects of residual insecticide spraying have rarely been assessed on secondary triatomines. triatoma garciabesi (carcavallo, martinez, cichero, prosen & ronderos, 1967) is a nontarget vector that inhabits the dry western chaco region, and a member of the triatoma sordida stål 1859 ...201626490000
new chromosomal evidence for the origin of triatoma infestans populations from brazil.in this study, the karyometry of different triatoma infestans populations from different states of brazil was analyzed and compared with those of a population from cochabamba. no significant differences were found between the population from cochabamba and those from brazil. these results are consistent with the origin of the t. infestans populations of brazil by a founder effect from cochabamba. moreover, these findings also confirm that a founder effect occurred during the dispersal of t. infe ...201627706620
histone epigenetic marks in heterochromatin and euchromatin of the chagas' disease vector, triatoma infestans.triatoma infestans, a vector of chagas' disease, shows several particular cell biology characteristics, including the presence of conspicuous heterochromatic bodies (chromocenters) where dna methylation has not been previously detected. whether histone modifications contribute to the condensed state of these bodies has not yet been studied. here, we investigated epigenetic modifications of histones h3 and h4 and presence of the non-histone heterochromatin protein (hp1-α) in the chromocenters and ...201627079857
the presence of the ancestral insect telomeric motif in kissing bugs (triatominae) rules out the hypothesis of its loss in evolutionarily advanced heteroptera (cimicomorpha).next-generation sequencing data analysis on triatoma infestans klug, 1834 (heteroptera, cimicomorpha, reduviidae) revealed the presence of the ancestral insect (ttagg)n telomeric motif in its genome. fluorescence in situ hybridization confirms that chromosomes bear this telomeric sequence in their chromosomal ends. furthermore, motif amount estimation was about 0.03% of the total genome, so that the average telomere length in each chromosomal end is almost 18 kb long. we also detected the presen ...201627830050
on triatomines, cockroaches and haemolymphagy under laboratory conditions: new discoveries.for a long time, haematophagy was considered an obligate condition for triatomines (hemiptera: reduviidae) to complete their life cycle. today, the ability to use haemolymphagy is suggested to represent an important survival strategy for some species, especially those in genus belminus. as eratyrus mucronatus and triatoma boliviana are found with cockroaches in the blaberinae subfamily in bolivia, their developmental cycle from egg to adult under a "cockroach diet" was studied. the results sugge ...201627706376
distribution of pyrethroid resistant populations of triatoma infestans in the southern cone of south america.a number of studies published during the last 15 years showed the occurrence of insecticide resistance in triatoma infestans populations. the different toxicological profiles and mechanisms of resistance to insecticides is due to a genetic base and environmental factors, being the insecticide selective pressure the best studied among the last factors. the studies on insecticide resistance on t. infestans did not consider the effect of environmental factors that may influence the distribution of ...201627007658
[structure of the female reproductive system of triatomid bugs, rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans, and determination of their physiological age]. 20164885880
effect of ddt on incorporation of c14-labeled glucose into protein and soluble intermediates of nymphal triatoma infestans. 20164866860
blood meal sources of wild and domestic triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) in bolivia: connectivity between cycles of transmission of trypanosoma cruzi.chagas disease is a major public health problem in latin america. its etiologic agent, trypanosoma cruzi, is mainly transmitted through the contaminated faeces of blood-sucking insects called triatomines. triatoma infestans is the main vector in various countries in south america and recently, several foci of wild populations of this species have been described in bolivia and other countries. these wild populations are suspected of affecting the success of insecticide control campaigns being car ...201627090297
is the infectiousness of dogs naturally infected with trypanosoma cruzi associated with poly-parasitism?interactions among different species of parasites co-infecting the same host could be synergistic or antagonistic. these interactions may modify both the frequency of infected hosts and their infectiousness, and therefore impact on transmission dynamics. this study determined the infectiousness of trypanosoma cruzi-seropositive dogs (using xenodiagnosis) and their parasite load (quantified by qpcr), and tested the association between both variables and the presence of concomitant endoparasites. ...201627198799
rhodnius prolixus and r. robustus (hemiptera: reduviidae) nymphs show different locomotor patterns on an automated recording system.circadian rhythms of triatomines, vectors of the etiological agent trypanosoma cruzi responsible for chagas disease, have been extensively studied in adults of the two most epidemiologically relevant vector species, rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans. however, little attention has been dedicated to the activity patterns in earlier developmental stages, even though triatomine nymphs are equally capable of transmitting t. cruzi to humans. because circadian rhythms may differ even between clo ...201627121502
a new antimicrobial protein from the anterior midgut of triatoma infestans mediates trypanosoma cruzi establishment by controlling the microbiota.the reduviid triatoma infestans is a vector for the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chagas disease. the parasite must address the defense molecules and microbiota that colonize the anterior midgut of t. infestans. to obtain insight into t. cruzi - microbiota interactions in triatomine insects, we characterized a new antimicrobial product from the anterior midgut of t. infestans (tiap) that may be involved in these relationships. the tiap dna fragment was cloned and expresse ...201626905205
heterogeneous infectiousness in guinea pigs experimentally infected with trypanosoma cruzi.guinea pigs are important reservoirs of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative parasite of chagas disease, and in the southern cone of south america, transmission is mediated mainly by the vector triatoma infestans. interestingly, colonies of triatoma infestans captured from guinea pig corrals sporadically have infection prevalence rates above 80%. such high values are not consistent with the relatively short 7-8 week parasitemic period that has been reported for guinea pigs in the literature. we expe ...201626432777
migration and gene flow among domestic populations of the chagas insect vector triatoma dimidiata (hemiptera: reduviidae) detected by microsatellite loci.triatoma dimidiata (latreille, 1811) is the most abundant and significant insect vector of the parasite trypanosoma cruzi in central america, and particularly in guatemala. tr. cruzi is the causative agent of chagas disease, and successful disease control requires understanding the geographic distribution and degree of migration of vectors such as t. dimidiata that frequently re-infest houses within months following insecticide application. the population genetic structure of t. dimidiata collec ...201526334816
an entomological and seroepidemiological study of the vectorial-transmission risk of chagas disease in the coast of northern chile.four species of triatomines are known from chile: triatoma infestans klug, mepraia spinolai porter, m. gajardoi frías, henry & gonzález, and m. parapatrica frías (hemiptera: reduviidae), the last three are endemic. the geographical distribution of m. gajardoi includes the coastal areas in the north of chile between 18° and 21°s, an area with both a resident workforce and summer-season visitors. a study was developed to assess the risk of vectorial transmission of chagas disease by m. gajardoi in ...201526208149
the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to deal with the new epidemiological scenario of chagas disease (global health).there are currently two major factors that have modified the epidemiology of chagas disease in the last decades: climate change and migration flows. in this new scenario, there are new challenges to control and prevent trypanosoma cruzi infection in endemic countries, such as the control of a wider distribution of triatomine vectors or the reinforcement of vertical transmission programs. in non-endemic areas, few countries are aware of the emergence of this new disease and have established chang ...201526187358
bottlenecks in domestic animal populations can facilitate the emergence of trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of chagas disease.faeces-mediated transmission of trypanosoma cruzi (the aetiological agent of chagas disease) by triatomine insects is extremely inefficient. still, the parasite emerges frequently, and has infected millions of people and domestic animals. we synthesize here the results of field and laboratory studies of t. cruzi transmission conducted in and around arequipa, peru. we document the repeated occurrence of large colonies of triatomine bugs (more than 1000) with very high infection prevalence (more t ...201526085582
insecticide resistance in vector chagas disease: evolution, mechanisms and management.chagas disease is a chronic parasitic infection restricted to america. the disease is caused by the protozoa trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to human through the feces of infected triatomine insects. because no treatment is available for the chronic forms of the disease, vector chemical control represents the best way to reduce the incidence of the disease. chemical control has been based principally on spraying dwellings with insecticide formulations and led to the reduction of triatomi ...201526003952
the potential of canine sentinels for reemerging trypanosoma cruzi transmission.chagas disease, a vector-borne disease transmitted by triatomine bugs and caused by the parasite trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions of people in the americas. in arequipa, peru, indoor residual insecticide spraying campaigns are routinely conducted to eliminate triatoma infestans, the only vector in this area. following insecticide spraying, there is risk of vector return and reinitiation of parasite transmission. dogs are important reservoirs of t. cruzi and may play a role in reinitiating tra ...201525962956
control of rural house infestation by triatoma infestans in the bolivian chaco using a microencapsulated insecticide formulation.triatoma infestans, the main vector of trypanosoma cruzi (causative agent of chagas disease) has been successfully eliminated over much of its original geographic distribution over the southern cone countries of south america. however, populations of the species are still infesting houses of rural communities of the gran chaco region of argentina and bolivia. this study reports for the first time a large-scale effect of a vector control intervention using a microencapsulated formulation of organ ...201525928071
the impact of climate change on the geographical distribution of two vectors of chagas disease: implications for the force of infection.chagas disease, caused by the parasite trypanosoma cruzi, is the most important vector-borne disease in latin america. the vectors are insects belonging to the triatominae (hemiptera, reduviidae), and are widely distributed in the americas. here, we assess the implications of climatic projections for 2050 on the geographical footprint of two of the main chagas disease vectors: rhodnius prolixus (tropical species) and triatoma infestans (temperate species). we estimated the epidemiological implic ...201525688019
eco-bio-social research on community-based approaches for chagas disease vector control in latin america.this article provides an overview of three research projects which designed and implemented innovative interventions for chagas disease vector control in bolivia, guatemala and mexico. the research initiative was based on sound principles of community-based ecosystem management (ecohealth), integrated vector management, and interdisciplinary analysis. the initial situational analysis achieved a better understanding of ecological, biological and social determinants of domestic infestation. the ke ...201525604759
host-seeking behavior and dispersal of triatoma infestans, a vector of chagas disease, under semi-field conditions.chagas disease affects millions of people in latin america. the control of this vector-borne disease focuses on halting transmission by reducing or eliminating insect vector populations. most transmission of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease, involves insects living within or very close to households and feeding mostly on domestic animals. as animal hosts can be intermittently present it is important to understand how host availability can modify transmission risk to human ...201525569228
the main sceneries of chagas disease transmission. the vectors, blood and oral transmissions--a comprehensive review.this review deals with transmission of trypanosoma cruzi by the most important domestic vectors, blood transfusion and oral intake. among the vectors, triatoma infestans, panstrongylus megistus, rhodnius prolixus, triatoma dimidiata, triatoma brasiliensis, triatoma pseudomaculata, triatoma sordida, triatoma maculata, panstrongylus geniculatus, rhodnius ecuadoriensis and rhodnius pallescens can be highlighted. transmission of chagas infection, which has been brought under control in some countrie ...201525466622
microcavia australis (caviidae, rodentia), a new highly competent host of trypanosoma cruzi i in rural communities of northwestern argentina.rodents are well-known hosts of trypanosoma cruzi but little is known on the role of some caviomorph rodents. we assessed the occurrence and prevalence of t. cruzi infection in microcavia australis ("southern mountain, desert or small cavy") and its infectiousness to the vector triatoma infestans in four rural communities of tafí del valle department, northwestern argentina. parasite detection was performed by xenodiagnosis and polymerase chain reaction amplification of the hyper-variable region ...201525447830
allatotropin modulates myostimulatory and cardioacceleratory activities in rhodnius prolixus (stal).haematophagous insects can ingest large quantities of blood in a single meal and eliminate high volumes of urine in the next few hours. this rise in diuresis is possible because the excretory activity of the malpighian tubules is facilitated by an increase in haemolymph circulation as a result of intensification of aorta contractions combined with an increase of the anterior midgut peristaltic waves. it has been previously described that haemolymph circulation during post-prandial diuresis is st ...201525897783
biological control of the chagas disease vector triatoma infestans with the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana combined with an aggregation cue: field, laboratory and mathematical modeling assessment.current chagas disease vector control strategies, based on chemical insecticide spraying, are growingly threatened by the emergence of pyrethroid-resistant triatoma infestans populations in the gran chaco region of south america.201525969989
assessing gene expression during pathogenesis: use of qrt-pcr to follow toxin production in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana during infection and immune response of the insect host triatoma infestans.entomopathogenic fungi secrete toxic secondary metabolites during the invasion of the insect hemocoel as part of the infection process. although these compounds have been frequently mentioned as virulence factors, the roles of many of them remain poorly understood, including the question of whether they are expressed during the infection process. a major hurdle to this issue remains the low sensitivity of biochemical detection techniques (e.g., hplc) within the complex samples that may contain t ...201525912088
antigenic components in triatoma infestans haemolymph. 20154561728
inheritance and heritability of deltamethrin resistance under laboratory conditions of triatoma infestans from bolivia.over the last few decades, pyrethroid-resistant in triatoma infestans populations have been reported, mainly on the border between argentina and bolivia. understanding the genetic basis of inheritance mode and heritability of resistance to insecticides under laboratory conditions is crucial for vector management and monitoring of insecticide resistance. currently, few studies have been performed to characterize the inheritance mode of resistance to pyrethroids in t. infestans; for this reason, t ...201526572249
deltamethrin binding to triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae) lipoproteins. analysis by solvent bar microextraction coupled to gas chromatography.the binding of deltamethrin (dlm) to the hemipteran triatoma infestans (klug) hemolymph lipoproteins was evaluated in vitro. after dlm incubation with the insect hemolymph, lipoproteins were fractioned by ultracentrifugation. dlm binding was analyzed by a microextractive technique-solvent bar microextraction-a solventless methodology to extract dlm from each lipoprotein fraction. this is a novel use of the technique applied to extract an insecticide from an insect fluid. capillary gas chromatogr ...201526378097
susceptibility characterization of residual brazilian populations of triatoma infestans klug, 1834 (hemiptera: reduviidae) to deltamethrin pyrethroid.despite years of efforts towards the elimination of triatoma infestans in brazil, residual foci still persist in some areas of the states of bahia and rio grande do sul. the persistence of these t. infestans populations in the country has two different origins of equal concern: operational failures or insecticide resistance. thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the susceptibility profile of the residual brazilian populations of t. infestans to deltamethrin.201525992929
vital statistics of triatominae (hemiptera: reduviidae) under laboratory conditions: iv. panstrongylus geniculatus.a cohort of 100 eggs of panstrongylus geniculatus (latreille) was reared in the laboratory under constant conditions (temperature 26 ± 1°c, 60 ± 10% rh), with mortality and fecundity data recorded weekly. we calculated stage-specific development times, age-specific mortality and fecundity (18.4 eggs/♀/wk), and stage-specific and total preadult mortality (31.6%), and the weekly intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(o) = 0.096), the finite population growth rate (λ = 1.109), the net reproductive r ...201526336251
fine-scale genetic structure of triatoma infestans in the argentine chaco.the patterns of genetic structure in natural populations provide essential information for the improvement of pest management strategies including those targeting arthropod vectors of human diseases. we analyzed the patterns of fine-scale genetic structure in triatoma infestans in a well-defined rural area close to pampa del indio, in the argentine arid-humid chaco transition, where a longitudinal study on house infestation and wing geometric morphometry is being conducted since 2007. a total of ...201526027923
ecological and sociodemographic determinants of house infestation by triatoma infestans in indigenous communities of the argentine chaco.the gran chaco ecoregion, a hotspot for chagas and other neglected tropical diseases, is home to >20 indigenous peoples. our objective was to identify the main ecological and sociodemographic determinants of house infestation and abundance of triatoma infestans in traditional qom populations including a creole minority in pampa del indio, northeastern argentina.201525785439
phylogenetics based on partial orf2 of triatoma virus in triatomines collected over a decade from domiciliary habitats.the only virus sequenced and studied in triatomines is the triatoma virus, from the dicistroviridae family, which causes delayed development, reduced oviposition, and premature death of infected insects. with the goal of expanding the sequences already obtained in previous years and verifying if any changes occurred in their genomic sequences, 68 samples of triatomines from several provinces of argentina were analyzed. sixteen positive samples were obtained by reverse transcription (rt)-polymera ...201525797795
evidence of selection on phenotypic plasticity and cost of plasticity in response to host-feeding sources in the major chagas disease vector triatoma infestans.phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to display alternative phenotypes in different environments. understanding how plasticity evolves and the factors that favor and constrain its evolution have attracted great interest. we investigated whether selection on phenotypic plasticity and costs of plasticity affect head and wing morphology in response to host-feeding sources in the major chagas disease vector triatoma infestans. full-sib families were assigned to blood-feeding on either ...201526433077
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