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imported case of melioidosis in oman: case report.melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. it is most commonly described in southeast asia and northern australia and some imported cases in non-endemic areas. we describe the case of a 55-year-old omani man with fulminant sepsis who worked in laos, cambodia. b. pseudomallei was isolated from the patient's blood and was identified by means of microbiological and biochemical tests. we highlight the importance of careful attention to non-fermentative gr ...201728042405
secondary metabolites from bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from soil can kill burkholderia pseudomallei.bacillus species are gram-positive bacteria found in abundance in nature and their secondary metabolites were found to possess various potential activities, notably antimicrobial. in this study, bacillus amyloliquefaciens n2-4 and n3-8 were isolated from soil and their metabolites could kill burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative pathogenic bacterium also found in soil in its endemic areas. moreover, the metabolites were able to kill drug resistant isolates of b. pseudomallei and also inhibi ...201728050857
the expanding role of type ii secretion in bacterial pathogenesis and beyond.type ii secretion (t2s) is one means by which gram-negative pathogens secrete proteins into the extracellular milieu and/or host organisms. based upon recent genome sequencing, it is clear that t2s is largely restricted to the proteobacteria, occurring in many, but not all genera in the α-, β-, γ-, and δ- classes. prominent human and/or animal pathogens that express a t2s system(s) include acinetobacter baumannii, burkholderia pseudomallei, chlamydia trachomatis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pne ...201728264910
a case-control study of community-acquired acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia and melioidosis pneumonia in northeast thailand: an emerging fatal disease with unique clinical features.acinetobacter baumannii is the emerging cause of severe and often fatal gram-negative, community-acquired pneumonia (cap-ab) in thailand. due to its rarity, its specific clinical features are ill defined. in this retrospective study, we compared the demographic data, risk factors, clinical characteristics, radiographic pattern, and microbiological data between cap-ab and burkholderia pseudomallei cap (cap-bp) to identify the clinical features and risk factors of cap-ab. cap-ab was associated wit ...201727789057
comparison of mast burkholderia cepacia, ashdown + gentamicin, and burkholderia pseudomallei selective agar for the selective growth of burkholderia spp.reliable identification of pathogenic burkholderia spp. like burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical samples is desirable. three different selective media were assessed for reliability and selectivity with various burkholderia spp. and nontarget organisms. mast burkholderia cepacia agar, ashdown + gentamicin agar, and b. pseudomallei selective agar were compared. a panel of 116 reference strains and well-characterized clinical isolates, comprising 30 b. pseudomallei, 20 b. ...201728386468
burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei vaccines: are we close to clinical trials?b. pseudomallei is the cause of melioidosis, a serious an often fatal disease of humans and animals. the closely related bacterium b. mallei, which cases glanders, is considered to be a clonal derivative of b. pseudomallei. both b. pseudomallei and b. mallei were evaluated by the united states and the former ussr as potential bioweapons. much of the effort to devise biodefence vaccines in the past decade has been directed towards the identification and formulation of sub-unit vaccines which coul ...201728336210
development of immunoassays for burkholderia pseudomallei typical and atypical lipopolysaccharide strain typing.burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe infection endemic to many tropical regions. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is recognized as an important virulence factor used by b. pseudomallei isolates of b. pseudomallei have been shown to express one of four different types of lps (typical lps, atypical lps types b and b2, and rough lps) and in vitro studies have demonstrated that lps types may impact disease severity. the association between lps types and clinical manifest ...201727994103
characterization of in vitro phenotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei strains potentially associated with persistent infection in mice.burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) and burkholderia mallei (bm), the agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, are tier 1 biothreats. they infect humans and animals, causing disease ranging from acute and fatal to protracted and chronic. chronic infections are especially challenging to treat, and the identification of in vitro phenotypic markers which signal progression from acute to persistent infection would be extremely valuable. first, a phenotyping strategy was developed employing colon ...201727738703
microbial rhamnolipid production: a critical re-evaluation of published data and suggested future publication criteria.high production cost and potential pathogenicity of pseudomonas aeruginosa, commonly used for rhamnolipid synthesis, have led to extensive research for safer producing strains and cost-effective production methods. this has resulted in numerous research publications claiming new non-pathogenic producing strains and novel production techniques many of which are unfortunately without proper characterisation of product and/or producing strain/s. genes responsible for rhamnolipid production have onl ...201728386631
whole-genome sequences of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates exhibiting decreased meropenem susceptibility.we report here paired isogenic burkholderia pseudomallei genomes obtained from three patients receiving intravenous meropenem for melioidosis treatment, with post-meropenem isolates developing decreased susceptibility. two genomes were finished, and four were drafted to improved high-quality standard. these genomes will be used to identify meropenem resistance mechanisms in b. pseudomallei.201728385830
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of burkholderia pseudomallei from asia and australia and differentiation between burkholderia species.matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is increasingly used for rapid bacterial identification. studies of burkholderia pseudomallei identification have involved small isolate numbers drawn from a restricted geographic region. there is a need to expand the reference database and evaluate b. pseudomallei from a wider geographic distribution that more fully captures the extensive genetic diversity of this species. here, we describe the evaluatio ...201728384252
biosynthesis of di-rhamnolipids and variations of congeners composition in genetically-engineered escherichia coli.to engineer escherichia coli for the heterologous production of di-rhamnolipids, which are important biosurfactants but mainly produced by opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa.201728374071
comparison of o-polysaccharide and hemolysin co-regulated protein as target antigens for serodiagnosis of melioidosis.melioidosis is a severe disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. clinical manifestations are diverse and acute infections require immediate treatment with effective antibiotics. while culture is the current diagnostic standard, it is time-consuming and has low sensitivity. in endemic areas, inaccessibility to biosafety level 3 facilities and a lack of good serodiagnostic tools can impede diagnosis and disease surveillance. recent studies have suggested that o-polysaccharide (ops) and hemolys ...201728358816
neuromelioidosis: a series of seven cases in hainan province, china.melioidosis, which is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is predominately a disease of tropical climates and is especially widespread in south-east asia and northern australia. melioidosis affecting the central nervous system has a low incidence but a high mortality. we present seven cases of neuromelioidosis and analyze the disease characteristics and imaging features. typical clinical features of this disease included high fever and headache. five patients had an irregular fever with a tempe ...201728351287
loss of methyltransferase function and increased efflux activity leads to doxycycline resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei.the soil-dwelling bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of the potentially fatal disease melioidosis. the lack of a vaccine towards b. pseudomallei means that melioidosis treatment relies on prolonged antibiotic therapy, which can last up to six months in duration or longer. due to intrinsic resistance, few antibiotics are effective against b. pseudomallei the lengthy treatment regimen required increases the likelihood of resistance development, with subsequent potentially f ...201728348161
rapid dna vaccination against burkholderia pseudomallei flagellin by tattoo or intranasal application.melioidosis is a severe infectious disease with a high mortality that is endemic in south-east asia and northern australia. the causative pathogen, burkholderia pseudomallei, is listed as potential bioterror weapon due to its high virulence and potential for easy dissemination. currently, there is no licensed vaccine for prevention of melioidosis. here, we explore the use of rapid plasmid dna vaccination against b. pseudomallei flagellin for protection against respiratory challenge. we tested th ...201728323523
a proteasome inhibitor produced by burkholderia pseudomallei modulates intracellular growth.the nrps/pks cluster encodes the enzymes necessary for glidobactin synthesis it is partially conserved in various members of the burkholderia genus including b. pseudomallei. in this study we have shown that the insertional inactivation or deletion of glbc in this cluster in b. pseudomallei could reduce the ability of the bacterium to survive or grow in murine macrophages or in human neutrophils. exogenously added proteasome inhibitors were able to chemically complement the mutation. the inserti ...201728323151
increased von willebrand factor, decreased adamts13 and thrombocytopenia in melioidosis.melioidosis, caused by bioterror treat agent burkholderia pseudomallei, is an important cause of community-acquired gram-negative sepsis in southeast asia and northern australia. new insights into the pathogenesis of melioidosis may help improve treatment and decrease mortality rates from this dreadful disease. we hypothesized that changes in von willebrand factor (vwf) function should occur in melioidosis, based on the presence of endothelial stimulation by endotoxin, pro-inflammatory cytokines ...201728296884
molecular architecture of the n-type atpase rotor ring from burkholderia pseudomallei.the genome of the highly infectious bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei harbors an atp operon that encodes an n-type rotary atpase, in addition to an operon for a regular f-type rotary atpase. the molecular architecture of n-type atpases is unknown and their biochemical properties and cellular functions are largely unexplored. we studied the b. pseudomallei n1no-type atpase and investigated the structure and ion specificity of its membrane-embedded c-ring rotor by single-particle electron cryo-m ...201728283532
general assay for enzymes in the heptose biosynthesis pathways using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.the adp-l-glycero-β-d-manno-heptose and the gdp-6-deoxy-α-d-manno-heptose biosynthesis pathways play important roles in constructing lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria. blocking the pathways is lethal or increases antibiotic susceptibility to pathogens. therefore, the enzymes involved in the pathways are novel antibiotic drug targets. here, we designed an efficient method to assay the whole enzymes in the pathways using mass spectrometry and screened 148 compounds. one promising lead i ...201728280867
complete genome sequence of a burkholderia pseudomallei strain isolated from a pet green iguana in prague, czech republic.burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from pus from an abscess of a pet iguana living in a private household in prague, czech republic. this paper presents the complete genome sequence of b. pseudomallei strain vb976100.201728280033
comparison of the sulfonamide inhibition profiles of the β- and γ-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei.we have cloned, purified, and characterized a β-carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1), bpscaβ, from the pathogenic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, responsible for the tropical disease melioidosis. the enzyme showed high catalytic activity for the physiologic co₂ hydration reaction to bicarbonate and protons, with the following kinetic parameters: kcat of 1.6 × 10⁵ s(-1) and kcat/km of 3.4 × 10⁷ m(-1) s(-1). an inhibition study with a panel of 38 sulfonamides and one sulfamate-including 15 com ...201728272358
comparison of the anion inhibition profiles of the β- and γ-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei.we report the cloning, purification and characterization of bpsβca, a β-class carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) from the pathogenic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, and compare its activity and inhibition with those of the γ-ca from the same organism, bpsγca, recently investigated by our groups. bpsβca showed a significant catalytic activity for the physiologic, co2 hydration reaction, with the following kinetic parameters, kcat of 1.6×10(5)s(-1) and k ...201728238511
[chronic skin ulcer in a 24-year-old man after a journey to southeast asia].our report concerns a 24-year-old man with a chronic exsudative skin lesion after a journey to southeast asia. the diagnosis of melioidosis was made by the identification of burkholderia pseudomallei from the ichor. the diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase change reaction. the patient was treated with meropenem i. v. for about 10 days and with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for the following 12 weeks. melioidosis is an endemic disease in southeast asia and north australia which in some cases can ...201728235984
characterization of pathogenesis of and immune response to burkholderia pseudomallei k96243 using both inhalational and intraperitoneal infection models in balb/c and c57bl/6 mice.burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is a gram negative bacterium designated as a tier 1 threat. this bacterium is known to be endemic in southeast asia and northern australia and can infect humans and animals by several routes. inhalational melioidosis has been associated with monsoonal rains in endemic areas and is also a significant concern in the biodefense community. there are currently no effective vaccines for b. pseudomallei and antibiotic treatment can be hampe ...201728235018
reply to "burkholderia pseudomallei: challenges for the clinical microbiology laboratory-a response from the front line". 201728232504
burkholderia pseudomallei: challenges for the clinical microbiology laboratory-a response from the front line. 201728232503
rationalizing the binding kinetics for the inhibition of the burkholderia pseudomallei fabi1 enoyl-acp reductase.there is growing awareness of the link between drug-target residence time and in vivo drug activity, and there are increasing efforts to determine the molecular factors that control the lifetime of a drug-target complex. rational alterations in the drug-target residence time require knowledge of both the ground and transition states on the inhibition reaction coordinate, and we have determined the structure-kinetic relationship for 22 ethyl- or hexyl-substituted diphenyl ethers that are slow-bin ...201728225601
interleukin 10 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and killing of burkholderia pseudomallei.melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in northeastern thailand and northern australia. severe septicemic melioidosis is associated with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is correlated with poor clinical outcomes. il-10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine, which in other infections can control the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but its role in melioidosis has not been addressed. here, whole blood of healthy seropositive individuals (n = 75), living in n. ...201728216665
multitarget quantitative pcr improves detection and predicts cultivability of the pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is present in the environment in many parts of the world and causes the often-fatal disease melioidosis. the sensitive detection and quantification of b. pseudomallei in the environment are a prerequisite for assessing the risk of infection. we recently reported the direct detection of b. pseudomallei in soil samples using a quantitative pcr (qpcr) targeting a single type three secretion system 1 (ttss1) gene. here, we extend the qpcr-based analysis of b. pseudomallei i ...201728188208
two stable variants of burkholderia pseudomallei strain mshr5848 express broadly divergent in vitro phenotypes associated with their virulence differences.burkholderia pseudomallei (bp), the agent of melioidosis, causes disease ranging from acute and rapidly fatal to protracted and chronic. bp is highly infectious by aerosol, can cause severe disease with nonspecific symptoms, and is naturally resistant to multiple antibiotics. however, no vaccine exists. unlike many bp strains, which exhibit random variability in traits such as colony morphology, bp strain mshr5848 exhibited two distinct and relatively stable colony morphologies on sheep blood ag ...201728187198
complement-activated vitronectin enhances the invasion of nonphagocytic cells by bacterial pathogens burkholderia and klebsiella.burkholderia pseudomallei is a serum-resistant gram-negative bacterium capable of causing disseminated infections with metastatic complications. however, its interaction with nonphagocytic cells is poorly understood. we observed that exposure of b. pseudomallei and the closely related yet avirulent b. thailandensis to human plasma increased epithelial cell invasion by >20 fold. enhanced invasion was primarily driven by a plasma factor, which required a functional complement cascade, but surprisi ...201728186697
calprotectin as a biomarker for melioidosis disease progression and management.melioidosis is a neglected tropical disease that is caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei and is underreported in many countries where the disease is endemic. a long and costly administration of antibiotics is needed to clear infections, and there is an unmet need for biomarkers to guide antibiotic treatment and increase the number of patients that complete therapy. we identified calprotectin as a lead biomarker of b. pseudomallei infections and examined correlations between this ser ...201728179407
expression and crystallographic studies of d-glycero-β-d-manno-heptose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase from burkholderia pseudomallei.the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. d-glycero-β-d-manno-heptose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase (hldc) is the fourth enzyme of the adp-l-glycero-β-d-manno-heptose biosynthesis pathway, which produces an essential carbohydrate comprising the inner core of lipopolysaccharide. therefore, hldc is a potential target of antibiotics against melioidosis. in this study, hldc from b. pseudomallei has been cloned, expressed, purified and crystallized ...201728177319
activation of mapk/erk signaling by burkholderia pseudomallei cycle inhibiting factor (cif).cycle inhibiting factors (cifs) are virulence proteins secreted by the type iii secretion system of some gram-negative pathogenic bacteria including burkholderia pseudomallei. cif is known to function to deamidate nedd8, leading to inhibition of cullin e3 ubiquitin ligases (crl) and consequently induction of cell cycle arrest. here we show that cif can function as a potent activator of mapk/erk signaling without significant activation of other signaling pathways downstream of receptor tyrosine k ...201728166272
osteomyelitis of humerus and intramuscular abscess due to melioidosis.melioidosis is a clinically diverse disease caused by gram negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. it is a potential bioterrorism agent. the high risk group includes the agricultural and construction workers whose contact with contaminated soil and water may expose them to bacteria. the clinical manifestations varies from asymptomatic infection to overwhelming sepsis. to diagnose melioidosis a high index of suspicion along with isolation and identification of the organism from the clinical ...201728166079
osteoarticular and soft-tissue melioidosis in malaysia: clinical characteristics and molecular typing of the causative agent.melioidosis involving bone, joints, and soft tissue is rare and reported usually following dissemination of disease from infection elsewhere in the body; to a lesser degree, it can also be reported as the primary manifestation of melioidosis.201728141587
erratum to: pediatric suppurative parotitis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1186/s40409-016-0086-3.].201728138332
validation of a monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescent assay to detect burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures.identification of burkholderia pseudomallei, the cause of melioidosis, using routine methods takes several days. use of a monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescent assay (ifa) on positive blood cultures may speed diagnosis.201728115683
global and regional dissemination and evolution of burkholderia pseudomallei.the environmental bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei causes an estimated 165,000 cases of human melioidosis per year worldwide and is also classified as a biothreat agent. we used whole genome sequences of 469 b. pseudomallei isolates from 30 countries collected over 79 years to explore its geographic transmission. our data point to australia as an early reservoir, with transmission to southeast asia followed by onward transmission to south asia and east asia. repeated reintroductions were obse ...201728112723
causes and outcomes of sepsis in southeast asia: a multinational multicentre cross-sectional study.improved understanding of pathogens that cause sepsis would aid management and antimicrobial selection. in this study, we aimed to identify the causative pathogens of sepsis in southeast asia.201728104185
disseminated melioidosis in the head and neck.a 35-year-old man was admitted to an intensive care unit with unilateral facial swelling and septic shock after multiple presentations to the emergency department with non-specific unilateral pain over the parotid area. a ct scan of his neck showed diffuse right-sided facial soft tissue infection, mastoid effusion and temporal lobe cerebritis. the upper lobes of his lungs had cannonball lesions that were suggestive of septic lung metastases. blood cultures and ear canal swabs were positive for b ...201728096229
transient in vivo resistance mechanisms of burkholderia pseudomallei to ceftazidime and molecular markers for monitoring treatment response.much is known about the mode of action of drugs and resistance mechanisms under laboratory growth conditions, but research on the bacterial transcriptional response to drug pressure in vivo or efficacious mode of action and transient resistance mechanisms of clinically employed drugs is limited. accordingly, to assess active alternative metabolism and transient resistance mechanisms, and identify molecular markers of treatment response, the in vivo transcriptional response of burkholderia pseudo ...201728081127
upconversion nanocrystals mediated lateral-flow nanoplatform for in vitro detection.upconversion phosphors (ucps) that are free from interference from biological sample autofluorescence have attracted attention for in vivo and in vitro bioapplications. however, ucps need to be water-dispersible, nanosized, and highly luminous to realize broad applications. therefore, the aim of this research is to develop ucps that meet these comprehensive criteria for in vitro diagnosis. to combine nano size with high luminous intensity, β-nayf4:yb(3+),er(3+) upconversion nanocrystals (ucnps) ...201728067495
boosting of post-exposure human t-cell and b-cell recall responses in vivo by burkholderia pseudomallei-related proteins.burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease with high incidence and mortality in south east asia and northern australia. to date there is no protective vaccine and antibiotic treatment is prolonged and not always effective. most people living in endemic areas have been exposed to the bacteria and have developed some immunity, which may have helped to prevent disease. here, we used a humanized mouse model (hu-pbl-scid), reconstituted with human periphera ...201728066900
assessing the potential for burkholderia pseudomallei in the southeastern united states. 201728058957
survival and intra-nuclear trafficking of burkholderia pseudomallei: strategies of evasion from immune surveillance?during infection, successful bacterial clearance is achieved via the host immune system acting in conjunction with appropriate antibiotic therapy. however, it still remains a tip of the iceberg as to where persistent pathogens namely, burkholderia pseudomallei (b. pseudomallei) reside/hide to escape from host immune sensors and antimicrobial pressure.201728045926
finafloxacin overcomes burkholderia pseudomallei efflux-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance. 201728039270
sulfonamide inhibition profile of the γ-carbonic anhydrase identified in the genome of the pathogenic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei the etiological agent responsible of melioidosis.a new γ-carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.1.1.1) was cloned and characterized kinetically in the genome of the bacterial pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, an endemic disease of tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. the catalytic activity of this new enzyme, bpscaγ, is significant with a kcat of 5.3×10(5)s(-1) and kcat/km of 2.5×10(7)m(-1)×s(-1) for the physiologic co2 hydration reaction. the inhibition constant value for this enzyme for 39 sulfonamide ...201728025002
burkholderia humptydooensis sp. nov., a new species related to burkholderia thailandensis and the fifth member of the burkholderia pseudomallei complex.during routine screening for burkholderia pseudomallei from water wells in northern australia in areas where it is endemic, gram-negative bacteria (strains msmb43(t), msmb121, and msmb122) with a similar morphology and biochemical pattern to b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis were coisolated with b. pseudomallei on ashdown's selective agar. to determine the exact taxonomic position of these strains and to distinguish them from b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis, they were subjected to a seri ...201727986727
a fatal case of melioidosis with pancytopenia in a traveler from indonesia.melioidosis, an infectious disease with high mortality, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. in indonesia, autochthonous cases have been rarely reported, with most cases being sporadic and occurring in travelers. herein, we report a fatal case of neurological melioidosis in a traveler from indonesia presenting with septic shock.201727720346
trehalase plays a role in macrophage colonization and virulence of burkholderia pseudomallei in insect and mammalian hosts.trehalose is a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules. this sugar molecule can be isolated from a range of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates. trehalose has a variety of functions including a role as an energy storage molecule, a structural component of glycolipids and plays a role in the virulence of some microorganisms. there are many metabolic pathways that control the biosynthesis and degradation of trehalose in different organisms. the enzyme trehalase for ...201727367830
anion inhibition profiles of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei responsible of melioidosis and highly drug resistant to common antibiotics.burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative saprophytic bacterium responsible of melioidosis, an endemic disease of tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. a recombinant γ-ca (bpsγca) identified in the genome of this bacterium was cloned and purified. its catalytic activity and anion inhibition profiles were investigated. the enzyme was an efficient catalyst for the co2 hydration showing a kcat of 5.3×10(5)s(-1) and kcat/km of 2.5×10(7)m(-1)×s(-1). the best bpsγca inhibitors were sulfam ...201727914949
burkholderia pseudomallei γ-carbonic anhydrase is strongly activated by amino acids and amines.activation of the γ-class carbonic anhydrase (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) from the pathogenic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei (bpsγca) with a series of natural and non-natural amino acids and aromatic/heterocyclic amines has been investigated. the best bpsγca activators were d-his, l-dopa, d-trp, 4-amino-l-phe, dopamine, 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine, 2-aminoethyl-piparazine/morpholine and l-adrenaline, which showed activation constants ranging between 9 and 86nm. the least effective activators were l-his, ...201727881231
thermoregulation of biofilm formation in burkholderia pseudomallei is disrupted by mutation of a putative diguanylate cyclase.burkholderia pseudomallei, a tier 1 select agent and the etiological agent of melioidosis, transitions from soil and aquatic environments to infect a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. during the transition from an environmental saprophyte to a mammalian pathogen, b. pseudomallei encounters and responds to rapidly changing environmental conditions. environmental sensing systems that control cellular levels of cyclic di-gmp promote pathogen survival in diverse environments. cyclic di-g ...201727956524
promethazine improves antibiotic efficacy and disrupts biofilms of burkholderia pseudomallei.efflux pumps are important defense mechanisms against antimicrobial drugs and maintenance of burkholderia pseudomallei biofilms. this study evaluated the effect of the efflux pump inhibitor promethazine on the structure and antimicrobial susceptibility of b. pseudomallei biofilms. susceptibility of planktonic cells and biofilms to promethazine alone and combined with antimicrobials was assessed by the broth microdilution test and biofilm metabolic activity was determined with resazurin. the effe ...201727936915
trehalose metabolism: a sweet spot for burkholderia pseudomallei virulence. 201727540767
the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of melioidosis in indian set up.therapeutic options for the treatment of melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei are limited due to the inherent resistance conferred by this pathogen to various groups of antibiotics. witnessing an increase in the number of microbiological culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis at our settings in the past few years, we undertook this study to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentrations of clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei against the four commonly employed antimicrobial agents in ...201727514960
neurological melioidosis presenting as intracranial abscess.melioidosis is an emerging disease in our country caused by the bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei. melioidosis can virtually affect any organ. it has varying clinical presentations ranging from pneumonia to fatal sepsis. central nervous system (cns) involvement in melioidosis is rare. we present a case of cns melioidosis from south india. as the incidence of diabetes is increasing in our country varying manifestations of melioidosis will be seen in routine clinical practice. melioidosis should ...201727510695
peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis due to melioidosis: a potentially devastating condition.♦ background: melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. although a wide range of clinical manifestations from this organism are known, peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis (pd) has rarely been reported. ♦ patients and methods: peritoneal dialysis patients from all regions in thailand were eligible for the study if they had peritonitis and either peritoneal fluid or effluent culture positive for b. pseud ...201727738086
melioidosis acquired by a traveler from papua new guinea.melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. melioidosis is of public health importance in endemic areas, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical areas. we describe a case of melioidosis contracted by a man with diabetes from papua new guinea that was evaluated using multi-locus sequence typing and whole genome sequencing.201726831499
first microbiota assessments of children's paddling pool waters evaluated using 16s rrna gene-based metagenome analysis.insufficient chloric sterilization of children's paddling pool waters increases the risk of diarrheal illness. therefore, we investigated the microbiota changes after children use pools. first, we applied 16s rrna gene-based metagenome analysis to understand the dynamics of microbiota in pool water, especially with respect to the bio-contamination by potential pathogens. proteobacteria were major taxa detected in every pool water sample after children spent time in the pool. in more detail, gamm ...201726671497
melioidosis as a cause of acute abdomen in immuno-competent male from eastern india.though melioidosis is rare in india, it has gained importance as one of the most potent emerging infections. in india, the cases have been under-reported because of the lack of awareness. the majority of cases present with multifocal pyogenic infections with septicemia. we present an unusual case of melioidosis presenting as acute intestinal perforation. the organism was ceftazidime resistant, and we successfully treated the case with imipenem and doxycyclin. this case highlights ruling out the ...201725949062
neuromelioidosis: craniospinal mri findings in burkholderia pseudomallei infection.to investigate magnetic resonance imaging (mri) findings of central nervous system (cns) infection with burkholderia pseudomallei.201726256582
pleuropulmonary melioidosis with osteomyelitis rib.melioidosis is a multiorgan infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. few cases have been reported from south india. this is a case report of pleuropulmonary melioidosis with rib osteomyelitis.201725624602
deciphering minimal antigenic epitopes associated with burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei lipopolysaccharide o-antigens.burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) and burkholderia mallei (bm), the etiologic agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, cause severe disease in both humans and animals. studies have highlighted the importance of bp and bm lipopolysaccharides (lps) as vaccine candidates. here we describe the synthesis of seven oligosaccharides as the minimal structures featuring all of the reported acetylation/methylation patterns associated with bp and bm lps o-antigens (oags). our approach is based on the ...201728740137
development of a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of burkholderia mallei.burkholderia mallei is the aetiological agent of glanders, a highly contagious and re-emerging zoonotic disease. early diagnosis of glanders is critically important to ensure timely treatment with appropriate antibiotics in humans, and to prevent spread of infection in animals. molecular detection of b. mallei has always been troublesome because of its genetic similarity with burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. in present investigation, a set of six b. mallei-specific ...201728649808
development of a multiplex pcr assay for the detection and differentiation of burkholderia pseudomallei, burkholderia mallei, burkholderia thailandensis, and burkholderia cepacia complex.two species of burkholderia pseudomallei complex (bpc), b. pseudomallei and b. mallei, can cause severe life-threatening infections. rapidly discerning individual species within the group and separating them from other opportunistic pathogens of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is essential to establish a correct diagnosis and for epidemiological surveillance. in this study, a multiplex pcr assay based on the detection of an individual set of chromosomal beta-lactamase genes for single-ste ...201728634144
burkholderia thailandensis: genetic manipulation.burkholderia thailandensis is a gram-negative bacterium endemic to southeast asian and northern australian soils. it is non-pathogenic; therefore, it is commonly used as a model organism for the related human pathogens burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. b. thailandensis is relatively easily genetically manipulated and a variety of robust genetic tools can be used in this organism. this unit describes protocols for conjugation, natural transformation, mini-tn7 insertion, and allel ...201728510362
antibodies against in vivo-expressed antigens are sufficient to protect against lethal aerosol infection with burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia mallei, a facultative intracellular bacterium and tier 1 biothreat, causes the fatal zoonotic disease glanders. the organism possesses multiple genes encoding autotransporter proteins, which represent important virulence factors and targets for developing countermeasures in pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. in the present study, we investigated one of these autotransporters, bata, and demonstrate that it displays lipolytic activity, aids in intracellular survival, is expressed in v ...201728507073
preparing for biological threats: addressing the needs of pregnant women.intentional release of infectious agents and biological weapons to cause illness and death has the potential to greatly impact pregnant women and their fetuses. we review what is known about the maternal and fetal effects of seven biological threats: bacillus anthracis (anthrax); variola virus (smallpox); clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism); burkholderia mallei (glanders) and burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis); yersinia pestis (plague); francisella tularensis (tularemia); and rickettsia ...201728398677
genomics reveals a unique clone of burkholderia cenocepacia harboring an actively excising novel genomic island.burkholderia cenocepacia is a clinically dominant form among the other virulent species of burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc). in the present study, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes of seven nosocomial bcc isolates, five of which were isolated from the bloodstream infections and two isolates were recovered from the hospital setting during the surveillance. genome-based species identification of the bcc isolates using a type strain explicitly identified the species as b. cenocepacia. moreove ...201728428775
designing probes for immunodiagnostics: structural insights into an epitope targeting burkholderia infections.structure-based epitope prediction drives the design of diagnostic peptidic probes to reveal specific antibodies elicited in response to infections. we previously identified a highly immunoreactive epitope from the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (pal) antigen from burkholderia pseudomallei, which could also diagnose burkholderia cepacia infections. here, considering the high phylogenetic conservation within burkholderia species, we ask whether cross-reactivity can be reciprocally displayed ...201728707874
within-host evolution of burkholderia pseudomallei during chronic infection of seven australasian cystic fibrosis patients.cystic fibrosis (cf) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive lung function decline. cf patients are at an increased risk of respiratory infections, including those by the environmental bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. here, we compared the genomes of b. pseudomallei isolates collected between ~4 and 55 months apart from seven chronically infected cf patients. overall, the b. pseudomallei strains showed evolutionary patterns similar to those of o ...201728400528
clinical outcomes in musculoskeletal involvement of burkholderia pseudomallei infection.musculoskeletal involvement in melioidosis is often seen in conjunction with a disseminated illness. recent reports suggest that operative management of musculoskeletal melioidosis has favourable results. the purpose of this study was to review the patient profile and clinical outcomes of burkholderia pseudomallei infection in the musculoskeletal system.201728861207
mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are modulated during in vitro and in vivo infection with the intracellular bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes the disease melioidosis. the disease can be fatal if left untreated or when antibiotic therapy is delayed and total clearance of the pathogen from the host is often not accomplished with current therapies. thus, new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of infections caused by b. pseudomallei are required. to better understand host responses to b. pseudomallei infection, the activation of key proteins involved in ...201728856457
investigation of host-pathogen interaction between burkholderia pseudomallei and autophagy-related protein lc3 using hydrophobic chromatography-based technique.burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular bacteria causing melioidosis, the disease widely disseminates in southeast asia and northern australia. b. pseudomallei has ability to invade various types of host cell and to interfere with host defense mechanisms, such as nitric oxide (no). due to the cross-talk among alternative killing mechanisms in host immune response against invading microbes, autophagy is the molecular mechanism belonging to intracellular elimination of eukaryotic cells that ...201728852470
burkholderia pseudomallei evades nramp1 (slc11a1)- and nadph oxidase-mediated killing in macrophages and exhibits nramp1-dependent virulence gene expression.bacterial survival in macrophages can be affected by the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (nramp1; also known as solute carrier family 11 member a1 or slc11a1) which localizes to phagosome membranes and transports divalent cations, including iron. little is known about the role of nramp1 in burkholderia infection, in particular whether this differs for pathogenic species like burkholderia pseudomallei causing melioidosis or non-pathogenic species like burkholderia thailandensis ...201728848712
host-adaptation of burkholderia pseudomallei alters metabolism and virulence: a global proteome analysis.little is known about the evolution, adaptation and pathogenesis of burkholderia pseudomallei within host during acute melioidosis infection. melioidosis is a potential life threatening disease contracted through inhalation, ingestion, inoculation or direct entry of the organism into the blood stream via wounds or skin abrasions from contaminated soil and water. environmental b. pseudomallei strain (bp maran ), isolated during a melioidosis outbreak in pahang, malaysia was injected intra-periton ...201728827633
anti-cancer drug hmba acts as an adjuvant during intracellular bacterial infections by inducing type i ifn through sting.the anti-proliferative agent hexamethylene bisacetamide (hmba) belongs to a class of hybrid bipolar compounds developed more than 30 y ago for their ability to induce terminal differentiation of transformed cells. recently, hmba has also been shown to trigger hiv transcription from latently infected cells, via a cdk9/hmba inducible protein-1 dependent process. however, the effect of hmba on the immune response has not been explored. we observed that pretreatment of human peripheral blood mononuc ...201728827286
pacbio but not illumina technology can achieve fast, accurate and complete closure of the high gc, complex burkholderia pseudomallei two-chromosome genome.although pacbio third-generation sequencers have improved the read lengths of genome sequencing which facilitates the assembly of complete genomes, no study has reported success in using pacbio data alone to completely sequence a two-chromosome bacterial genome from a single library in a single run. previous studies using earlier versions of sequencing chemistries have at most been able to finish bacterial genomes containing only one chromosome with de novo assembly. in this study, we compared t ...201728824579
persistent infection due to a small-colony variant of burkholderia pseudomallei leads to pd-1 upregulation on circulating immune cells and mononuclear infiltration in viscera of experimental balb/c mice.melioidosis is a neglected tropical disease endemic across south east asia and northern australia. the etiological agent, burkholderia pseudomallei (b.pseudomallei), is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium residing in the soil and muddy water across endemic regions of the tropical world. the bacterium is known to cause persistent infections by remaining latent within host cells for prolonged duration. reactivation of the recrudescent disease often occurs in elders whose immunity wanes. ...201728820897
differential microrna analyses of burkholderia pseudomallei- and francisella tularensis-exposed hpbmcs reveal potential biomarkers.increasing evidence that micrornas (mirnas) play important roles in the immune response against infectious agents suggests that mirna might be exploitable as signatures of exposure to specific infectious agents. in order to identify potential early mirna biomarkers of bacterial infections, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hpbmcs) were exposed to two select agents, burkholderia pseudomallei k96243 and francisella tularensis shu s4, as well as to the nonpathogenic control escherichia coli ...201728791299
nitrate sensing and metabolism inhibit biofilm formation in the opportunistic pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei by reducing the intracellular concentration of c-di-gmp.the opportunistic pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei is a saprophytic bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis, an emerging infectious disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. although melioidosis is most prevalent during the rainy season in endemic areas, domestic gardens and farms can also serve as a reservoir for b. pseudomallei during the dry season, in part due to irrigation and fertilizer use. in the environment, b. pseudomallei forms biofilms and persists in soil near ...201728790983
a simple laboratory algorithm for diagnosis of melioidosis in resource-constrained areas: a study from north central vietnam.melioidosis may be endemic in many tropical developing countries but diagnosis of the disease is currently unreliable in resource-limited areas. here we aimed to validate a simple and cheap laboratory algorithm for the identification of burkholderia pseudomallei from clinical specimens in parts of vietnam where the disease has not been reported before.201728780059
bipc, a predicted burkholderia pseudomallei type 3 secretion system translocator protein with actin binding activity.burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular bacterial pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe disease of humans and animals. like other clinically important gram-negative bacteria, fundamental to b. pseudomallei pathogenesis is the bsa type iii secretion system. the bsa system injects bacterial effector proteins into the cytoplasm of target host cells subverting cellular pathways for the benefit of the bacteria. it is required for invasion of non-phagocytic host cells, escape ...201728770177
a case report of co-infection of melioidosis and cutaneous leishmaniasis.leishmaniasis and melioidosis are frequently reported from the north central province of sri lanka. however, only one case of co-infection of the two diseases has been reported to date over the world. this is a case report of a patient who had co-infection with cutaneous leishmaniasis and melioidosis and was successfully treated and recovered from the illness.201728764662
entry, intracellular survival and multinucleated giant cell-forming activity of burkholderia pseudomallei in human primary phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells.the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei and the related species burkholderia thailandensis are facultative intracellular bacteria characterized by the ability to escape into the cytosol of the host cell and to stimulate the formation of multinucleated giant cells (mngcs). mngc formation is induced via an unknown mechanism by the bacterial type vi secretion system 5 (t6ss-5), which is an essential virulence factor in both species. despite the vital role of the intracellular life cycle in the ...201728760929
epidemiological cut-off value of clinical isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from northern queensland to meropenem, ceftazidime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline by the microbroth dilution method.melioidosis is caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. the most common antibiotics used to treat melioidosis in australia are meropenem, ceftazidime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (sxt) and doxycycline. the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) and clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) do not provide standards for assessing the susceptibility of b. pseudomallei for these agents. the international standards organisation (iso) microbroth diluti ...201728729203
antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei in bangladesh.melioidosis an infectious disease, caused by a gram negative bacterium called burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in bangladesh. this organism is sensitive to limited number of antimicrobial agents and need prolonged treatment. there is no comprehensive data on the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of b. pseudomallei isolated in bangladesh over last several years. the present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of b. pseudomallei isolated in a tertiary care hos ...201728728591
susceptibility of clinical isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei to a lipid a biosynthesis inhibitor.burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a serious infection associated with high mortality and relapse. current antimicrobial therapy using ceftazidime (caz) is often ineffective. inhibitors of lpxc, the enzyme responsible for lipid a biosynthesis, have potential antimicrobial activity against several gram-negative bacteria in vivo, but their activity against b. pseudomallei is unclear. herein, we investigated the susceptibility of b. pseudomallei clinical isolates to lp ...201728719324
differences in inflammation patterns induced by african and asian burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in mice.abstractburkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an emerging tropical disease of high mortality. sub-saharan africa represents potential melioidosis "hotspots"; however, to date, only a few cases have been reported. here in, we compared the inflammatory patterns induced by a b. pseudomallei strain recently isolated from a fatal gabonese case with the thai reference strain b. pseudomallei-1026b and burkholderia thailandensis-e264. ex vivo, no differences were observed in t ...201728719265
melioidosis: an emerging infection with fatal outcomes.according to the centers for disease control and prevention, from being nonendemic for melioidosis, india has now become endemic for the disease since 2012. until then, melioidosis cases were being reported sporadically from india. there have been isolated case reports from few states across the country for the past few years. most of the times, burkholderia pseudomallei may be misreported as pseudomonas species, especially in resource-poor laboratories. due to its varied clinical presentation, ...201728701847
bacterial bloodstream infections in a tertiary infectious diseases hospital in northern vietnam: aetiology, drug resistance, and treatment outcome.bloodstream infections (bsis) are associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. however their aetiology, antimicrobial susceptibilities and associated outcomes differ between developed and developing countries. systematic data from vietnam are scarce. here we present aetiologic data on bsi in adults admitted to a large tertiary referral hospital for infectious diseases in hanoi, vietnam.201728701159
infected abdominal aortic aneurysms treated with extra-anatomic prosthesis bypass in the retroperitoneum.infected abdominal aortic aneurysms (iaaas) are rare but life-threatening diseases. the purpose of the present study was to report our experience of extra-anatomic prosthesis bypass in the retroperitoneum as a treatment for iaaas.201728687504
caspase-6 mediates resistance against burkholderia pseudomallei infection and influences the expression of detrimental cytokines.caspase-6 is a member of the executioner caspases and known to play a role in innate and adaptive immune processes. however, its role in infectious diseases has rarely been addressed yet. we here examined the impact of caspase-6 in an in vivo infection model using the gram-negative rod burkholderia pseudomallei, causing the infectious disease melioidosis that is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. caspase-6-/- and c57bl/6 wild type mice were challenged with b. pseudomalle ...201728686630
gastrointestinal tract involvement in melioidosis.little is known about the involvement of the human gut in carriage and disease associated with burkholderia pseudomallei, the cause of melioidosis.201728673019
biochemical characterization and structural basis of reactivity and regioselectivity differences between burkholderia thailandensis and burkholderia glumae 1,6-didesmethyltoxoflavin n-methyltransferase.burkholderia glumae converts the guanine base of guanosine triphosphate into an azapteridine and methylates both the pyrimidine and triazine rings to make toxoflavin. strains of burkholderia thailandensis and burkholderia pseudomallei have a gene cluster encoding seven putative biosynthetic enzymes that resembles the toxoflavin gene cluster. four of the enzymes are similar in sequence to bgtoxbcde, which have been proposed to make 1,6-didesmethyltoxoflavin (1,6-ddmt). one of the remaining enzyme ...201728665591
type iii secretion in the melioidosis pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe disease of both humans and animals. melioidosis is an emerging disease which is predicted to be vastly under-reported. type iii secretion systems (t3sss) are critical virulence factors in gram negative pathogens of plants and animals. the genome of b. pseudomallei encodes three t3sss. t3ss-1 and -2, of which little is known, are homologous to hrp2 secretion systems of the plant pa ...201728664152
genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. efforts to improve therapeutics for b. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of b. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. in order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to b. pseudomalle ...201728658258
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