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very virulent infectious bursal disease virus-induced immune injury is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines imbalance in the bursa of fabricius.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) can cause a highly contagious disease in young chickens, resulting in bursal necrosis that causes severe damage to the immune system. the effects of various ibdv strains on the bursa of fabricius (bf) have been extensively studied; however, few studies have investigated the effects of ibdv strain lj-5, a newly discovered very virulent ibdv (vvibdv), infection on young chicken bf. in this study, three-week-old specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were infec ...202132898577
development and application of a novel triplex protein microarray method for rapid detection of antibodies against avian influenza virus, newcastle disease virus, and avian infectious bronchitis virus.avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), and avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) inflict immense damage on the global poultry industry annually. serological diagnostic methods are fundamental for the effective control and prevention of outbreaks caused by these viruses. in this study, a novel triplex protein microarray assay was developed and validated for the rapid and simultaneous visualized detection of antibodies against aiv, ndv, and ibv in chicken sera. the aiv nucle ...202133576898
very virulent infectious bursal disease virus infection caused changes in cloacal temperature and clinical manifestations in pigeons (columba livia domestica) and is transmitted to sentinel chickens.in this study, changes in cloacal temperature and clinical manifestations due to very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) infection in pigeons (columba livia domestica) and transmission to chickens were demonstrated. thirty pigeons (3-6 weeks old) and thirty chickens (3 weeks old) divided into 4 groups (i-iv) were used for this study. group i comprised of 10 uninoculated pigeons only; ii comprised of 10 inoculated pigeons and 10 sentinel chickens; iii comprised of 10 sentinel pigeo ...202134347239
pigeons (columba livia domestica) are susceptible to infectious bursal disease: a comparative study of their hematological and serum biochemical alterations.the hematological and serum biochemical alterations following very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection in pigeons and chickens were evaluated in this study. sixty ibdv seronegative birds comprising 30 (3-6 weeks old) pigeons and 30 (3 weeks old) chickens were randomly divided as follows: 10 uninoculated pigeons only, 10 inoculated pigeons + 10 sentinel chickens, 10 inoculated chickens + 10 sentinel pigeons, and 10 uninoculated chickens. inoculated birds were administered 0. ...202134150893
tissue distribution and developmental changes of pten in the immune organs of chicken and effect of ibdv infection on it.phosphatase and tensin homolog (pten), a tumor suppressor gene, functions in antiviral innate immunity and regulates the development and function of t cells and b cells. however, limited information about pten is available in poultry. in the present study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry staining were used to study the tissue distribution and developmental changes of pten in the main immune organs of chicken. the effects of infectious bursal disease viru ...202134358959
assessing the antigenicity of different vp3 regions of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens from south brazil.infectious bursal disease (ibd), also known as gumboro disease, is a viral infection that causes mortality and immunosuppression in chickens (gallus gallus). vp2 and vp3 are the major structural viral capsid components and are the most immunogenic proteins of ibd virus (ibdv). reliable diagnostic tests using vp2 and vp3 produced in heterologous systems are important tools to control this infection. one advantage of an ibd diagnostic based on vp3, over those that use vp2, is that vp3 has linear e ...202134330285
folic acid enhances proinflammatory and antiviral molecular pathways in chicken b-lymphocytes infected with a mild infectious bursal disease virus.1. this study evaluated the effect of folic acid (fa) supplementation on the proinflammatory and antiviral molecular pathways of b-lymphocytes infected with a modified live ibdv (st-12) mild vaccine strain during a timed post-infection analysis.2. a chicken b-lymphocytes (dt-40) cell line was cultured in triplicate at a concentration of 5 × 105 cells per well in 24-well plates; and was divided into three groups: 1: no virus, fa; 2: virus, no fa; 3: virus + fa at a concentration of 3.96 mm. the e ...202134287101
comparative growth kinetic study of newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus and avian influenza virus in chicken embryo fibroblast and df-1 cell lines.viral diseases have caused devastating effect on poultry industry leading to significant losses in economy of world. in the presented study, the ability of newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and avian influenza virus (aiv) to grow in two cell lines was evaluated. both chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) and df-1 cells were used and cytopathic effects (cpe) produced by these viruses were observed. the titer of virus in terms of tcid was determined after 24h up to fo ...202134250783
naturally occurring mutated infectious bursal disease virus of genotype a8b1 associated with bursa damage in china.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), the causative agent of infectious bursal disease (ibd), mainly damages the bursa of fabricius, which is a central immune organ of birds. as an rna virus, ibdv is prone to mutation owing to a combination of factors including natural selection pressure. in this study, a naturally occurring mutated ibdv associated with bursa damage was identified, ibdv-hen20-7103 strain, in an infected chicken flock in central china. its full-length genome was cloned, and seq ...202134224768
chicken mesenchymal stem cells and their applications: a mini review.mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are multipotent progenitor cells that adhere to plastic; express the specific markers cd29, cd44, cd73, cd90, and cd105; and produce cytokines and growth factors supporting and regulating hematopoiesis. mscs have capacity for differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes. they are useful for research toward better understanding the pathogenic potential of the infectious bursal disease virus, mineralization during osteogenesis, and interacti ...202134202772
a field study on the evaluation of day-of-hatch and in grow-out application of live infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in broiler chickens.infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an acute, highly contagious, economically important disease of young chickens caused by avibirnavirus, the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). the causative virus is highly resilient in poultry environments and vaccination is the most effective measure for ibdv control. however, the susceptibility of highly attenuated ibdv vaccine strains to neutralization by maternally derived antibodies (mda) and overwhelming virulence of partly attenuated strains have li ...202134198098
genome evolution of two genetically homogeneous infectious bursal disease virus strains during passages in vitro and ex vivo in the presence of a mutagenic nucleoside analog.the avibirnavirus infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is responsible for a highly contagious and sometimes lethal disease of chickens (gallus gallus). ibdv genetic variation is well-described for both field and live-attenuated vaccine strains, however, the dynamics and selection pressures behind this genetic evolution remain poorly documented. here, genetically homogeneous virus stocks were generated using reverse genetics for a very virulent strain, rvv, and a vaccine-related strain, rcu-1. ...202134177862
functional prediction of de novo uni-genes from chicken transcriptomic data following infectious bursal disease virus at 3-days post-infection.infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an economically very important issue to the poultry industry and it is one of the major threats to the nation's food security. the pathogen, a highly pathogenic strain of a very virulent ibd virus causes high mortality and immunosuppression in chickens. the importance of understanding the underlying genes that could combat this disease is now of global interest in order to control future outbreaks. we had looked at identified novel genes that could elucidate th ...202134147086
chicken heat shock protein 70 is an essential host protein for infectious bursal disease virus infection in vitro.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection causes pathogenicity and mortality in chickens, leading to huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. studies of host-virus interaction can help us to better understand the viral pathogenicity. as a highly conservative host factor, heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) is observed to be involved in numerous viral infections. however, there is little information about the role of chicken hsp70 (chsp70) in ibdv infection. in the present study, ...202134071696
transcriptomic analysis of inbred chicken lines reveals infectious bursal disease severity is associated with greater bursal inflammation in vivo and more rapid induction of pro-inflammatory responses in primary bursal cells stimulated ex vivo.in order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into white leghorn chickens of inbred line w that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15i, c.b4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. within each experimental group, some individuals experienced more severe disease than others but line 15i birds experienced milder disease ...202134069965
characterizations of glucose-rich polysaccharides from amomum longiligulare t.l. wu fruits and their effects on immunogenicities of infectious bursal disease virus vp2 protein.the aim of this study is to explore the characterization of amomum longiligulare t.l. wu fruits polysaccharide (alp) and their immune enhancement effects. two homogeneous polysaccharides (alp1 and alp2) were isolated from the fruits. the structural characterization results showed that alp1 (26.10 kda) and alp2 (64.10 kda) were both mainly composed of glucose. furthermore, alp1 was consisted of (1,2)-α-d-glcp, (1,2,3)-α-d-glcp and t-α-d-glcp, while alp2 was consisted of t-α-d-glcp, (1,3)-α-d-glcp ...202134044027
protective effects of the nlrp3 inflammasome against infectious bursal disease virus replication in df-1 cells.inflammatory responses are an important part of the innate immune response during viral infection. various inflammasome complexes have been identified. the pyrin domain-containing 3 (nlrp3) inflammasome plays a critical role in detecting some rna viruses, such as influenza virus. however, the effect of the nlrp3 inflammasome on infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) replication is still unclear. here, we report that ibdv-infection induces the transcription of nlrp3 inflammasome and il-1β genes i ...202133982180
genetic diversity of recent infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from vaccinated poultry flocks in malaysia.vaccination is an essential component in controlling infectious bursal disease (ibd), however, there is a lack of information on the genetic characteristics of a recent infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) that was isolated from ibd vaccinated commercial flocks in malaysia. the present study investigated 11 ibdv isolates that were isolated from commercial poultry farms. the isolates were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) targeting the hypervariable region ...202133959650
experimental co-infection of variant infectious bursal disease virus and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 increases mortality and reduces immune response in chickens.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) cause infectious bursal disease (ibd) and hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome, respectively. recently, studies have reported co-infections of poultry with ibdv and fadv-4, which is an important problem in the poultry industry. here, the variant ibdv strain zd-2018-1 and fadv-4 isolate hb1501 were used to assess the pathogenicity of co-infection in 1-day-old specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens. compared with chickens ...202133926543
dexamethasone reduces infectious bursal disease mortality in chickens.very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) causes high mortality in chickens but measures to reduce the mortality have not been explored. chickens (8-9 weeks) were treated with 3 agents before and during vvibdv inoculation. dexamethasone treatment reduced the mortality of infected chickens (40.7% vs. 3.7%; p < 0.001), but treatment with aspirin or vitamin e plus selenium did not affect the mortality. the bursa of fabricius appeared to have shrunk in both dead and surviving chickens ( ...202133908207
infectious bursal disease in nigeria: continuous circulation of reassortant viruses.outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (ibd), a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease of young chickens, are still reported globally despite vaccination efforts. this study investigated the genetic characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) from 26 reported outbreaks in 2019 in nigeria. nucleotide sequences of vp2 hypervariable (hvvp2) region (n=26) and vp1 (n=23) of nigerian ibdvs were determined. our results revealed the detection of reassortant strains with segment a rela ...202133877444
comparative bursal cytokine gene expression and apoptosis in vaccinated chickens following virulent infectious bursal disease virus challenge.the bursal cytokine gene expression and apoptosis were compared in vaccinated chickens with either live or immune-complex infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vaccines with or without virulent ibdv challenge. the cytokine gene expressions were evaluated at 5 and 12 day-post-challenge (dpc). the apoptotic marker caspase-3 was determined by ihc on collected bursae, thymus, spleen, and kidneys at 12 dpc. a significantly decreased bursal cytokine levels were observed in the all-vaccinated birds ex ...202133765587
infection of bursal disease virus abrogates the extracellular glycoprotein in the follicular medulla.in the medulla of bursal follicle, only the secretory dendritic cell (bsdc) is furnished with secretory machinery. the granular discharge of bsdc appears in membrane-bound and solubilized forms. movat pentachrome staining proves that the solubilized form is a glycoprotein, which fills up the extracellular space of follicular medulla. the glycoprotein contributes to bursal microenvironment and may be attached to the surface of medullary lymphocytes. the secretory granules of bsdc may be fused, re ...202133690054
genogrouping of infectious bursal disease viruses circulating in ethiopian chickens: proposal for assigning very virulent strains in the country into new sub genogroup 3d.in 2017 infectious bursal disease viruses (ibdvs) were reclassified into genogroups based on nature of clustering on a phylogenetic tree constructed using vp2 gene sequence data rather than according to their pathotype and/or antigenic types. ethiopian ibd viruses were not reclassified according to the proposed genogrouping.202133665155
research note: anti-inflammatory effects and antiviral activities of baicalein and chlorogenic acid against infectious bursal disease virus in embryonic eggs.the purpose of this study was to investigate if baicalein and chlorogenic acid could inhibit the inflammatory responses induced by and protect against infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) in chicken embryonic eggs. nine-day-old embryonated chicken eggs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 50 eggs per group: 1) treatment with varying concentrations of baicalein, 2) treatment with varying concentrations of chlorogenic acid, or 3) left untreated as a control. forty-eight hours after hatching, e ...202133639350
the expression in plants of an engineered vp2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus induces formation of structurally heterogeneous particles that protect from a very virulent viral strain.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), the etiological agent of gumboro disease, causes mortality and immunosuppression in chickens and major losses to poultry industry worldwide. the ibdv major capsid protein vp2 is considered the best candidate for the production of novel subunit vaccines. this structural protein contains the major conformational epitopes responsible for the induction of ibdv neutralizing antibodies in chickens and has been demonstrated able to form supramolecular structures ...202133592038
development of a viral-like particle candidate vaccine against novel variant infectious bursal disease virus.infectious bursal disease (ibd), an immunosuppressive disease of young chickens, is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). novel variant ibdv (nvaribdv), a virus that can evade immune protection against very virulent ibdv (vvibdv), is becoming a threat to the poultry industry. therefore, nvaribdv-specific vaccine is much needed for nvaribdv control. in this study, the vp2 protein of shg19 (a representative strain of nvaribdv) was successfully expressed using an escherichia coli expres ...202133579020
development of lateral flow assay based on anti-ibdv igy for the rapid detection of gumboro disease in poultry.the poultry industry faces serious problems against infectious diseases, including gumboro, which is caused by contagious bursal disease virus (ibdv). ibdv infects the bursa of fabricius (bf), a lymphoid organ for controlling the b-cell maturation. thus, it can trigger the secondary infection's vulnerability, leading to the high mortality and morbidity of the chicken. moreover, managing the gumboro post-outbreaks also requires considerable time and costs. besides vaccination programs, the early ...202133577956
mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of potential infectious bursal disease virus vp3-interacting proteins in chicken embryo fibroblasts cells.the structural protein vp3 of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) plays a critical role in viral assembly, replication, immune escape, and anti-apoptosis. interaction between vp3 and host protein factors can affect stages in the viral replication cycle. in this study, 137 host proteins interacting with vp3 protein were screened through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms)-based proteomics approach. the functions and relevance of the proteins were obtained through bioinfor ...202133559837
safety and efficacy profile of live, intermediate plus vaccine against infectious bursal disease based on strain g6.infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an acute, highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease of young chickens that causes considerable economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. vaccination with live attenuated vaccines is still the most important method used for the control and prevention of ibd in chickens. here we present the results of in vitro characterization, as well as efficacy and safety testing of a live, intermediate plus vaccine against ibd based on strain g6. strain characteriza ...202133512280
an unusual case of haemorrhagic bursa in a pullet flock associated with a genogroup 2 infectious bursal disease virus.an unusual case of infectious bursal disease (ibd) was observed in eight-week-old commercial caged pullets. this flock (house 1) exhibited a one-day spike in mortality. on gross necropsy examination, enlarged, diffusely haemorrhagic bursas were observed. this lesion has been frequently described in cases of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv). a five-week-old caged pullet flock (house 2) in an adjacent building did not display haemorrhagic bursa lesions. microscopic examinatio ...202133823706
health surveillance of a potential bridge host: pathogen exposure risks posed to avian populations augmented with captive-bred pheasants.augmentation of wild populations with captive-bred individuals presents an inherent risk of co-introducing novel pathogens to naïve species, but it can be an important tool for supplementing small or declining populations. game species used for human enterprise and recreation such as the ring-necked pheasant (phasianus colchicus) are commonly raised in captivity and released onto public and private wildlands as a method of augmenting naturalized pheasant populations. this study presents findings ...202133711203
health surveillance of penguins in the barton peninsula on king george island, antarctica.samples from 29 adult gentoo (pygoscelis papua), chinstrap (pygoscelis antarcticus), and adélie penguins (pygoscelis adeliae) at the king sejong station on nar̢ ebski point, king george island, antarctica, were investigated to detect antibodies to avian influenza, newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, mycoplasma, and salmonella. antibodies were identified from one gentoo penguin and one chinstrap penguin against infectious bronchitis virus; from o ...202133872350
a unified genotypic classification of infectious bursal disease virus based on both genome segments.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) of chickens is a birnavirus with a bi-segmented double-stranded rna genome, the segments designated as a and b. we performed phylogenetic analysis using a 366-bp fragment of segment a (nt 785-1150) and a 508-bp fragment of segment b (nt 328-835) of ibdv. a total of 463 segment a and 434 segment b sequences from genbank, including the sequences of eight recent bangladeshi isolates, were used in the analysis. the analysis revealed eight genogroups of segment ...202133410703
development and evaluation of a recombinant vp2 neutralizing epitope antigen vaccine candidate for infectious bursal disease virus.infectious bursal disease (ibd) is one of the most economically important infectious diseases. currently, vaccination is the most effective method to prevent ibd. medium-virulence vaccines can damage the bursa of fabricius and result in immunosuppression. therefore, it is essential to develop a safe and effective vaccine against infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). in this study, the five neutralizing epitopes of the ibdv vp2 protein were confirmed by neutralizing single chain variable fragme ...202133406318
characterization of antigenic variant infectious bursal disease virus strains identified in south korea.infectious bursal disease (ibd) is one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases of young chickens, causing considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. more than 30 years ago, an antigenic variant (av) pathotype of the ibd virus (ibdv) was reported to originate in, and subsequently spread among, poultry farms in the usa. recently, a novel avibdv lineage was identified in china and was shown to exhibit clear differences in its pathogenicity as well as molecular characteristics co ...202133390030
effects of immunosuppression on the efficacy of vaccination against mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens.immunosuppression can increase the susceptibility of chickens to other disease-causing pathogens and interfere with the efficacy of vaccination against those pathogens. chicken anaemia virus (cav) and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) are common causes of immunosuppression in chickens. immunosuppression was induced by experimental infection with either cav or ibdv to assess the effect of immunosuppression on the efficacy of vaccination with mycoplasma gallisepticum strain ts-304 against inf ...202134315003
the full region of n-terminal in polymerase of ibdv plays an important role in viral replication and pathogenicity: either partial region or single amino acid v4i substitution does not completely lead to the virus attenuation to three-yellow chickens.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) has haunted the poultry industry with severe, prolonged immunosuppression of chickens when infected at an early age and can easily lead to other secondary infections. understanding the pathogenic mechanisms could lead to effective prevention and control of infectious bursal disease (ibd). evidence suggests that the n-terminal domain of polymerase in segment b plays an important role, but it is not clear which part or residual is crucial for the pathogenicit ...202133466596
type i interferon acts as a major barrier to the establishment of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) persistent infections.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), the best characterized member of the birnaviridae family, is a highly relevant avian pathogen causing both acute and persistent infections in different avian hosts. here, we describe the establishment of clonal, long-term, productive persistent ibdv infections in df-1 chicken embryonic fibroblasts. although virus yields in persistently-infected cells are exceedingly lower than those detected in acutely infected cells, the replication fitness of viruses iso ...202033328313
nonenteric lesions of necrotic enteritis in commercial chickens in california: 25 cases (2009-2018).necrotic enteritis (ne) is an important enteric disease affecting a wide variety of avian species, including poultry, caused by clostridium perfringens type g and, rarely, type c. significant economic losses can result from elevated mortality rates and poor performance, such as decreased weight gain associated with intestinal damage and impaired absorption of nutrients. additional losses can result from elevated condemnation at the processing plant because of a high incidence of cholangiohepatit ...202033205162
a reassortment vaccine candidate of the novel variant infectious bursal disease virus.infectious bursal disease (ibd), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), is the most important immunosuppressive disease threatening the poultry industry worldwide. recently, the novel variant ibdv has been emerging in large-scale in asia including china and is becoming a new threat to the healthy development of the poultry industry, but no ideal vaccine is available. therefore, it is necessary and urgent to develop a new vaccine against the novel variant ibdv. in this study, based on ...202033186757
the effect of ghrelin on the fibrosis of chicken bursa of fabricius infected with infectious bursal disease virus.the present study aimed to investigate the effect of ghrelin on the degree of bursa of fabricius (bf) fibrosis in infectious bursal disease virus-infected chickens. specific pathogen free (spf) chicks were divided into four groups. one group was used as the control (c). the other three groups were inoculated with ibdv on the 19th day, of which two were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 nmol (lg) or 1.0 nmol (hg) ghrelin/100 g weight from the 18th day to the 22nd day, and one was injected intra ...202033359665
chicken optineurin suppresses mda5-mediated interferon β production.chicken mda5 (chmda5), the essential accepted pattern recognition receptors for detecting cytoplasmic viral rna in chicken, initiates interferon β (ifn-β) generation. however, there is an incomplete elucidation of regulating chmda5-mediated ifn-β production. nemo-related protein, optineurin, was identified as inhibitors of virus triggered ifn-β induction in human or mice. in this study, full length of chicken optineurin (choptn) was cloned from chicken embryo fibroblast, and its role in inhibiti ...202033357711
a primary occurrence of inclusion body hepatitis in absence of predisposing agents in commercial broilers in iran: a case report.fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) associated with certain clinical diseases including inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) have become of considerable importance in the poultry industry. currently, an increasing number of ibh outbreaks in different parts of iranian poultry industries is a growing concern. infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) or chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) have historically been incriminated as predisposing factors for fadvs to cause ibh. furthermore, some have speculated whether ...202033584845
transmissible viral proventriculitis caused by chicken proventricular necrosis virus displaying serological cross-reactivity with ibdv.transmissible viral proventriculitis (tvp) of chickens is manifested in decreased body weight gains, poor feed conversion and weight diversity. although tvp etiology has not been defined, a birnaviridae family member, named chicken proventricular necrosis virus (cpnv) is considered as a potential factor of a disease. this study was undertaken in order to reproduce tvp and to evaluate its etiology. broiler chickens of the tvp-infected group were inoculated with tvp positive proventriculi homogena ...202033374720
recombinant lactococcus expressing a novel variant of infectious bursal disease virus vp2 protein can induce unique specific neutralizing antibodies in chickens and provide complete protection.recent reports of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infections in china, japan, and north america have indicated the presence of variant, and the current conventional ibdv vaccine cannot completely protect against variant ibdv. in this study, we constructed recombinant lactococcus lactis (r-l. lactis) expressing a novel variant of ibdv vp2 (avvp2) protein along with the salmonella resistance to complement killing (rck) protein, and western blotting analysis confirmed that r-l. lactis succes ...202033255742
novel variant infectious bursal disease virus suppresses newcastle disease vaccination in broiler and layer chickens.newcastle disease (nd) is one of the most important avian diseases that seriously threaten the poultry industry worldwide. sometimes vaccination might not effectively reduce nd occurrence in some poultry farms for unclear reasons. infectious bursal disease (ibd) is one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases, and the novel variant ibd virus (ibdv) is threatening chicken farms in china. this study evaluated the influence of the novel variant ibdv (shg19 strain) on immunization of nd vacc ...202033248569
protection conferred by commercial ndv live attenuated and double recombinant hvt vaccines against virulent california 2018 newcastle disease virus (ndv) in chickens.vaccines against virulent newcastle disease virus (ndv) are widely available and can be protective, but improved vaccination protocols are needed to prevent clinical disease and reduce virus circulation. the present study evaluated the efficacy of two commercial vaccines alone or in combination: a live attenuated ndv vaccine (lv) and a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys vector expressing the fusion protein of ndv and the virus protein 2 of infectious bursal disease virus (rhvt-nd-ibd). chickens ...202032591288
phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity of a variant infectious bursal disease virus strain isolated in china.infectious bursal disease is an acute, highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease of young chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). in recent years, there has been a notable increase in the isolation rates of variant ibdv strains in china; however, the pathogenicity of these variants is unclear. in the current study, we characterized variant ibdv strain zd-2018-1 and assessed its pathogenicity in specific-pathogen-free chickens. phylogenetic analysis revealed that zd-2018-1 b ...202031809759
epigenetic upregulation of chicken microrna-16-5p expression in df-1 cells following infection with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) enhances ibdv-induced apoptosis and viral replication.micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by silencing or degrading their targets and play important roles in the host response to pathogenic infection. although infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv)-induced apoptosis in host cells has been established, the underlying molecular mechanism is not completely unraveled. here, we show that infection of df-1 cells by ibdv induced gga-mir-16-5p (chicken mir-16-5p) expression via demethylation of th ...202031694944
health status of free-ranging ring-necked pheasant chicks (phasianus colchicus) in north-western germany.being a typical ground-breeding bird of the agricultural landscape in germany, the pheasant has experienced a strong and persistent population decline with a hitherto unexplained cause. contributing factors to the ongoing negative trend, such as the effects of pesticides, diseases, predation, increase in traffic and reduced fallow periods, are currently being controversially discussed. in the present study, 62 free-ranging pheasant chicks were caught within a two-year period in three federal sta ...202032544211
comparative in vivo pathogenicity study of an ita genotype isolate (g6) of infectious bursal disease virus.recently, a new genotype of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), named ita, was detected in ibd-vaccinated italian broilers. genome characterization revealed ita to be a genetically different ibdv, belonging to genogroup 6 according to a recently proposed ibdv classification. the currently available clinical data do not allow any definition of the degree of pathogenicity of the ita-ibdv isolates. in the present study, a pathogenicity trial was conducted by the oral inoculation of specific-pat ...202031715072
tir-tlr7 as a molecular adjuvant: simultaneous enhancing humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against inactivated infectious bursal disease virus.despite the robust induction of humoral immune responses, a limitation of many adjuvants is their weak stimulation of cellular immunity. the development of synthetic gene-encoding adjuvants for simultaneous induction of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses is under study. in this study, we examined the impact of toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain of toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) as molecular adjuvants on potency of inactivated infectious bursal disease (ibd) vaccines. a total of 6 ...202031107184
origin and global spreading of an ancestral lineage of the infectious bursal disease virus.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is an economically relevant and widespread pathogen that produces immunosuppression in young chickens. ibdv is genetically classified into seven genogroups (g1-g7), where the traditional classic, variant and very virulent strains correspond to g1, g2 and g3, respectively. the g4 strains, also known as 'distinct' (dibdv), have recently acquired increased relevance because of their prevalence and notorious impair to the poultry industry in south america. here ...202031834976
differential expression of immune-related genes in the bursa of fabricius of two inbred chicken lines following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus.among different inbred chickens' lines, we previously showed that lines p and n of institute for animal health, compton, uk are the most susceptible and the least affected lines, respectively, following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv). in this study, the differential expressions of 29 different immune-related genes were characterized. although, birds from both lines succumbed to infection, line p showed greater bursal lesion scores and higher viral copy numb ...202031837598
molecular characterization and pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolated from naturally infected turkey poults in egypt.this study was conducted to investigate the molecular characterization and pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) isolated from naturally infected turkey poults and possible spread to chickens. thirty samples were collected from turkey poults in the vicinity or in the same backyards with chickens suspected to be infected with ibdv and from live bird markets from different localities in dakahlia governorate, egypt. there were no obvious clinical signs in tested tu ...202033006042
research note: detection of infectious bursal disease virus antibodies in free-living wild birds in zaria, nigeria.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is an immunosuppressive pathogen of poultry causing great economic losses to the poultry industry. in this study, the ibdv antibodies were detected in captured free-living wild birds in zaria, nigeria. one hundred and fifty free-living wild birds, comprising 30 birds each of 5 different species, were sampled over a period of 9 months. blood samples were collected from each bird, and harvested sera were tested for ibdv antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoso ...202032241478
chicken eef1α is a critical factor for the polymerase complex activity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus.infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an immunosuppressive, highly contagious, and lethal disease of young chickens caused by ibd virus (ibdv). it results in huge economic loss to the poultry industry worldwide. infection caused by very virulent ibdv (vvibdv) strains results in high mortality in young chicken flocks. however, the replication characteristics of vvibdv are not well studied. publications have shown that virus protein 3 (vp3) binds to vp1 and viral double-stranded rna, and together the ...202032102240
assessment of probiotic properties of lactobacillus salivarius isolated from chickens as feed additives.the continued use of sub-therapeutic antibiotics as feed additives in the poultry industry improved health and growth performance. however, the resulting antibiotic resistance increasingly becomes a major threat to public health. probiotics are promising alternatives for the antibiotics used in poultry industry. the aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic properties of lactobacillus salivarius as feed additive in chickens. white leghorn chickens were randomly assigned to experimental gro ...202032766298
the stronger downregulation of in vitro and in vivo innate antiviral responses by a very virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), compared to a classical strain, is mediated, in part, by the vp4 protein.ibdv is economically important to the poultry industry. very virulent (vv) strains cause higher mortality rates than other strains for reasons that remain poorly understood. in order to provide more information on ibdv disease outcome, groups of chickens (n = 18) were inoculated with the vv strain, uk661, or the classical strain, f52/70. birds infected with uk661 had a lower survival rate (50%) compared to f52/70 (80%). there was no difference in peak viral replication in the bursa of fabricius ...202032582573
feeding of yeast cell wall extracts during a necrotic enteritis challenge enhances cell growth, survival and immune signaling in the jejunum of broiler chickens.necrotic enteritis (ne) is one of the most common and costly diseases in the modern broiler industry, having an estimated economic impact of $6 billion dollars annually. increasing incidents of ne have resulted from restrictions on the use of antibiotic feed additives throughout the broiler industry. as such, finding effective antibiotic alternatives has become a priority. in this study, an experimental model of ne was used, comprising a commercial infectious bursal disease virus vaccine and clo ...202032475430
identification of reference genes in chicken intraepithelial lymphocyte natural killer cells infected with very-virulent infectious bursal disease virus.due to the limitations in the range of antibodies recognising avian viruses, quantitative real-time pcr (rt-qpcr) is still the most widely used method to evaluate the expression of immunologically related genes in avian viruses. the objective of this study was to identify suitable reference genes for mrna expression analysis in chicken intraepithelial lymphocyte natural killer (iel-nk) cells after infection with very-virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv). fifteen potential reference ...202032444639
continuous circulation of an antigenically modified very virulent infectious bursal disease virus for fifteen years in egypt.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), the agent of an immunosuppressive and sometimes lethal disease in chickens, is causing recurrent outbreaks in broiler chickens in egypt. in particular, an antigenically modified isolate of very virulent ibdv (vvibdv) called 99323 was detected in egypt nearly twenty years ago; this isolate was shown to be experimentally controlled by an antigenically classical live vaccine. however, acute ibd is still reported, even in vaccinated flocks, and little is known ...202031676447
identification of chicken cd74 as a novel cellular attachment receptor for infectious bursal disease virus in bursa b lymphocytes.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is an important member of the birnaviridae family, causing severe immunosuppressive disease in chickens. the major capsid protein vp2 is responsible for the binding of ibdv to the host cell and its cellular tropism. in order to find proteins that potentially interact with ibdv vp2, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) assay was conducted, and the host chicken cd74 protein was identified. here, we investigate the role of chicken cd74 in ibdv att ...202031666381
ghrelin attenuates infectious bursal disease virus-induced early inflammatory response and bursal injury in chicken.studies demonstrated that chicken ghrelin mrna was expressed in immune organs of chicken. however, it was not known for its functions in chicken immune system. this study aimed to investigate the effects of ghrelin on infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv)-induced acute inflammatory and bursal injury. chickens were divided into 4 groups. one group was used as control ("c"). the other three groups incubated with ibdv on the 19th d, of which 2 were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 nmol ("lg") o ...202033142456
tissue distribution and developmental changes of interferon regulatory factors in chickens and effects of infectious bursal disease virus infection.interferon regulatory factors (irfs) are a family of transcription factors that play a role in a variety of biological processes including immune regulation of interferon and expression of inflammatory cytokines. however, the data on irfs are rather limited in chickens. in the present study, qrt-pcr was used to study the tissue distribution of irfs in chickens at d15 (the 15th day of raising) and developmental changes of all chirfs (chicken interferon regulatory factors) in bf from e15 (the 15th ...202033137404
detecting infectious bursal disease using a vp1 gene-based rt-qpcr assay compared to standard methods of virus isolation, elisa, and histopathology.infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an immunosuppressive viral disease of chickens, associated with severe economic losses and major threats to poultry production worldwide. disease prevention programs rely on unequivocal identification of the pathogen, as well as vaccination programs. this study developed a sensitive, one-step, real-time, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) assay using a hydrolysis probe system for infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv, vp1 gen ...202032020462
current state-of-the-art in the use of plants for the production of recombinant vaccines against infectious bursal disease virus.infectious bursal disease is a widely spread threatening contagious viral infection of chickens that induces major damages to the bursa of fabricius and leads to severe immunosuppression in young birds causing significant economic losses for poultry farming. the etiological agent is the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), a non-enveloped virus belonging the family of birnaviridae. at present, the treatment against the spread of this virus is represented by vaccination schedules mainly based ...202031980920
rapid generation of attenuated infectious bursal disease virus from dual-promoter plasmids by reduction of viral ribonucleoprotein activity.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) of the birnaviridae family leads to immunosuppression of young chickens by destroying b cells in the bursa of fabricius (bfs). given the increasing number of variant ibdv strains, we urgently require a method to produce attenuated virus for vaccine development. to accomplish this goal, the dual-promoter plasmids in which the rna polymerase ii and rna polymerase i (pol i) promoters were placed upstream of the ibdv genomic sequence, which was followed by mous ...202031915284
novel variants of infectious bursal disease virus can severely damage the bursa of fabricius of immunized chickens.in recent years, atypical infectious bursal disease (ibd) with severe immunosuppression has brought new threats to the poultry industry and has caused considerable economic losses. novel variant infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) has been identified as the etiological pathogen and for unknown reasons is widespread in poultry on many chicken farms in china that have been immunized with vaccines against very virulent ibdv (vvibdv). using immunoprotection experiments in specific-pathogen-free c ...202031902511
genotype-associated differences in bursal recovery after infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) inoculation.t-cell immune responses were shown to play an important role in the regulation of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) replication and development of lesions in the bursa of fabricius (bf) (bursal lesions) but also in the recovery from the infection. studies suggested that the host-genotype influences t-cell responses during the acute phase of infection. genotype-related differences in the recovery phase were not investigated so far. the present study used commercial broiler- (bt), layer- (lt) ...202031901750
a comparative study of pathology and host immune response induced by very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in experimentally infected chickens of aseel and white leghorn breeds.indigenous breeds of young chickens in india are believed to be resistant to the classical strain of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). however, the mechanism underlying this resistance is obscure. innate immunity is a key factor in defining the clinical course and pathology of microbial infections. the present study is aimed to compare the pathology of very virulent ibdv (vvibdv) and immunological host response in experimentally infected - vaccinated and unvaccinated indigenous aseel and c ...202033114776
transcriptome analysis of chicken intraepithelial lymphocyte natural killer cells infected with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus.the infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an acute immunosuppressive viral disease that significantly affects the economics of the poultry industry. the ibd virus (ibdv) was known to infect b lymphocytes and activate macrophage and t lymphocytes, but there are limited studies on the impact of ibdv infection on chicken intraepithelial lymphocyte natural killer (iel-nk) cells. this study employed an mrna sequencing approach to investigate the early regulation of gene expression patterns in chicken ie ...202033110122
avian leukosis virus contamination in live vaccines: a retrospective investigation in china.avian leukosis (al) is one of the most pandemic immunosuppressive diseases and has been widely spread between 2006 and 2009 in china. the contamination of avian leukosis virus (alv) in attenuated vaccine is considered as one of the possible transmission routes of this disease. based on a retrospective survey of 918 batches of attenuated vaccine produced before 2010, three of them were identified as alv-positive and corresponding alv strains were successfully isolated from a live fowlpox virus va ...202032605749
immunostimulant effect of a mixed herbal extract on infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vaccinated chickens in the context of a co-infection model of avian influenza virus h9n2 and ibdv.this study was conducted to assess the comparative effects of a mixed herbal extract (mhe) containing ocimum sanctum, withania somnifera, emblica officinalis, tinospora cordifolia, mangifera indica, and asphaltum (shilajit) on infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv)-vaccinated (vac) chickens infected with ibdv and avian influenza virus (aiv) h9n2. the experiment included three groups (g1-g3): g1, the negative control group; g2, the vac + challenged (ch) group; and g3, the vac + ch + mhe group. mh ...202032563798
development of diagnostic tools for ibdv detection using plants as bioreactors.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is the etiological agent of an immunosuppressive and highly contagious disease that affects young birds, thus causing important economic losses in the poultry industry. multimeric particles with different architectures based on the capsid protein vp2 have been widely produced for different purposes. we hereby show the production and easy recovery of ibdv subviral particles (svp) from transiently transformed nicotiana benthamiana. the svp, which were observe ...202032436057
naturally occurring cell-adapted classic strain of infectious bursal disease virus.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), the etiological agent of infectious bursal disease (ibd), is a variable rna virus of avibirnavirus. some artificially attenuated vaccine strains of ibdv can adapt to cell culture of chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cell or its immortalized cell line df1 in vitro while wild-type ibdv cannot. in this study, for the first time, a naturally occurring cell-adapted classic strain (genogroup 1) of ibdv named ibd17jl01 was identified in china. animal experiments sh ...202032273006
generation of recombinant vp3 protein of infectious bursal disease virus in three different expression systems, antigenic analysis of the obtained polypeptides and development of an elisa test.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), which infects young chickens, is one of the most important pathogens that harm the poultry industry. evaluation of the immune status of birds before and after vaccination is of great importance for controlling the disease caused by this virus. therefore, the development of low-cost and easy-to-manufacture test systems for ibdv antibody detection remains an urgent issue. in this study, three expression systems (bacteria, yeast, and human cells) were used to ...202032405826
differential immunomodulatory effect of vitamin d (1,25 (oh)2 d3) on the innate immune response in different types of cells infected in vitro with infectious bursal disease virus.it has been demonstrated that vitamin d (vit d) included in diets offers a beneficial effect by improving innate immune responses in chickens. however, its mechanisms of action and the effect on immunosuppressive pathogens, such as infectious bursal disease virus, are not yet known. in the present study, we have studied the immunomodulatory effect of vit d on the innate immune response in 3 cell lines: fibroblast cells (df-1), macrophages (hd11), and b cells (dt-40) infected with ibdv (intermedi ...202032867971
hsc70 is required for infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection in df-1 cells.infectious bursal disease (ibd) is a highly contagious infectious disease that causes severe immunosuppression and damage to the bursa of fabricius in chickens. several proteins involved in ibd virus (ibdv) infection, such as surface immunoglobulin m, integrin, annexin a2 and chicken heat shock protein 90, have been identified. however, the main protein that plays key roles in virus infection has not yet been confirmed.202032375812
alteration of immunological parameters in infectious bronchitis vaccinated-specific pathogen-free broilers after the use of different infectious bursal disease vaccines.the vaccines currently available to control infectious bursal disease (ibd) include live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, immune-complex vaccines, and vaccines consisting of viral constructs of herpesvirus of turkeys genetically engineered to express vp2 surface protein. to evaluate the impact of vaccines on the chicken immune system, 2 animal trials were performed in specific pathogen-free broiler chickens. in trial 1, birds were either vaccinated when they are one-day old with a dual recom ...202032867979
t cell subset profile and inflammatory cytokine properties in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues of chickens during infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection.while infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) mainly targets immature b cells and causes t cell infiltration in the bursa of fabricius (bf) of chickens, the effect of ibdv infection on the properties of t cells and relevant cytokine production in avian gut-associated lymphoid tissues (galts) remains unknown. here, we show that while the cd8+ t cell subset is not affected, ibdv infection decreases the percentage of cd4+ t cells in the cecal tonsil (ct), but not in esophagus tonsil, pylorus tonsil, ...202032696270
development of a recombinant vp2 vaccine for the prevention of novel variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus.since 2017, novel variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus (nvibdv) have been detected in china, while the current vaccines on the market against very virulent ibdv have limited protection against this subtype virus. in this context, a strain of the virus has been isolated, and sequencing alignment and bird regression experiments showed that the virus was ibdv, belonging to the nvibdv subtype (and named ibdv fj-1812). furthermore, the escherichia coli expression system was used to succ ...202032658552
occurrence and spread of a reassortant very virulent genotype of infectious bursal disease virus with altered vp2 amino acid profile and pathogenicity in some european countries.reassortant strains of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) were detected in commercial broiler flocks in the netherlands, belgium, denmark, czech republic and germany and in layers and organic broilers in sweden in the period of 2017-19. genetic analysis, based on hypervariable region of vp2 gene showed grouping together with very virulent ibdv strains (vvibdv, genogroup 3), but these recent viruses formed a separate cluster, which was most closely related to latvian ibdv strains from 2010-13 ...202032456810
sequence-based comparison of field and vaccine strains of infectious bursal disease virus in ethiopia reveals an amino acid mismatch in the immunodominant vp2 protein.sequencing of the vp2 region was carried out to identify amino acid mismatches between vaccine strains and field isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). viruses were isolated in chicken embryo fibroblast (df-1) cells using pooled samples of bursa collected from nine outbreaks, which affected 30,250 chickens in five localities, with an overall mortality of 47.87%. virus strains were identified by comparing the deduced amino acid sequence between positions 232 and 446 of the immunodomi ...202032285201
effects of infectious bursal disease virus infection on interferon and antiviral gene expression in layer chicken bursa.layer chickens were artificially challenged with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), and the kinetics of ifn-λ and antiviral genes in the bursa were explored using quantitative real-time pcr. data showed that after the chickens were infected with ibdv, the virus load in the bursa of the fabricius peaked at 96 h and gradually decreased. the relative mrna expression levels of ifn-λ and antiviral genes (zinc-finger antiviral protein [zap], interferon alpha-inducible protein 6 [ifi6], laboratory ...202032247644
gga-mir-27b-3p enhances type i interferon expression and suppresses infectious bursal disease virus replication via targeting cellular suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 and 6 (socs3 and 6).micrornas are small noncoding rnas playing an important role in host response to pathogenic infection. here we show that ibdv infection induced the demethylation of the pre-mir-27 promoter and upregulated gga-mir-27b-3p expression. we found that ectopic expression of mir-27b-3p in df-1 cells enhanced the expression of chicken ifn-β, irf3 and nf-κb, via directly targeting cellular suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 and 6 (socs3 and 6), inhibiting ibdv replication in host cells, while inhibition ...202032126296
characterization of the highly immunogenic vp2 protrusion domain as a diagnostic antigen for members of birnaviridae family.birnaviridae is a family of viruses (birnaviruses) which consists of four genera, members of which cause diseases in fish, birds, mollusks, and insects. the genome of birnaviruses encodes the highly immunogenic vp2 capsid protein. in order to demonstrate that the vp2 protein can be exploited as a diagnostic antigen for birnaviruses, we developed a lateral flow assay based on the surface-exposed vp2 protrusion domain of a representative birnavirus, infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) of seroty ...202032088761
emergence and expansion of novel pathogenic reassortant strains of infectious bursal disease virus causing acute outbreaks of the disease in europe.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is the aetiological agent of a highly contagious chicken immunodeficiency disorder known as gumboro disease, which cause severe economic loses to the poultry worldwide. the emergence of very virulent ibdv strains (vvibdv) during the late 80s resulted in drastic changes to the epidemiology of ibdv with a dramatic increase in the mortality of the animals affected. molecular studies determined that the emergence of the vvibdv was a consequence of a genomic reo ...202032052582
expressing the immunodominant projection domain of infectious bursal disease virus fused to the fragment crystallizable of chicken igy in yellow maize for a prospective edible vaccine.control of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) in endemic countries has been based on early immunization of chicks using conventional live or inactivated vaccines that became not fully effectual and have biosafety concerns. this endeavor seeks generating a recombinant chimeric protein merging the projection domain (pd) of ibdv vp2 capsid with the fragment crystallizable (fc) of avian igy (fcigy), in maize as a prospective poultry edible vaccine. the pd sequence was built on the basis of very ...202031881424
potential reverse spillover of infectious bursal disease virus at the interface of commercial poultry and wild birds.recently, multiple spillover events between domesticated poultry and wild birds have been reported for several avian viruses. this phenomenon highlights the importance of the livestock-wildlife interface in the possible emergence of novel viruses. the aim of the current study was to investigate the potential spillover and epidemiological links of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) between wild birds and domestic poultry. to this end, twenty-eight cloacal swabs were collected from four specie ...202032970296
serological survey for select infectious agents in wild magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) in argentina, 1994-2008.despite being the most numerous penguin species in south america, exposure of the magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) to pathogens has not yet been thoroughly assessed. we collected serum from 1,058 magellanic penguins at 10 breeding colonies along the entire latitudinal range of this species in argentina. the work spanned 10 breeding seasons over 15 yr (1994-2008). sera were tested for antibodies to select infectious agents. antibodies reacting against 16 pathogens were detected (serop ...202031237822
genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed mrnas, lncrnas, and circrnas in chicken bursae of fabricius during infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes acute, highly contagious, immunosuppressive, and lethal infectious disease in young chickens and mainly infects the bursa of fabricius (bf). to investigate interactions between ibdv and its host, rna sequencing was applied to analyze the responses of the differentially expressed transcriptional profiles of bf infected by very virulent ibdv (vvibdv).202033076825
efficacy of a turkey herpesvirus double construct vaccine (hvt-nd-ibd) against challenge with different strains of newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease and marek's disease viruses.a double construct vaccine of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) was prepared that contains the fusion (f) gene from newcastle disease virus (ndv) and the viral protein 2 (vp2) gene from infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). safety of the vaccine (hvt-nd-ibd) was confirmed and efficacy was evaluated after subcutaneous (sc) vaccination at 1 day of age or the in ovo route of vaccination. challenges were performed with velogenic ndv strains (texas gb and herts weybridge 33/56), with different strains of ib ...202033063529
a bio-safe multiple antigenic peptide (map) enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus in chickens.the objective of the study was to develop a bio-safe synthetic peptide elisa for the detection of antibodies against the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) using a novel multiple antigenic peptide approach (map). after initial elisa optimization, diagnostic sensitivity (dsn) and specificity (dsp) for the linear peptides were determined using receiver operator curve (roc) analysis. the peptide ibvp1 showed 90.44% dsn and 88.64% dsp at roc cut off 22.8% while ibvp2 showed 88.24% dsn and 85.23% dsp ...202032999814
reverse genetics approaches for live-attenuated vaccine development of infectious bursal disease virus.infectious bursal disease (ibd), which is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection, leads to severe immunosuppression in young chickens and results in significant economic losses in the poultry industry. to date, vaccination with live-attenuated vaccine (lav) is a convenient method to provide effective protection against ibdv infection. classical attenuated viruses are usually obtained by either passaging virus in cultured cells or natural isolation. however, these empiric atte ...202032892072
development and application of an mrt-qpcr assay for detecting coinfection of six vertically transmitted or immunosuppressive avian viruses.marek's disease virus (mdv), reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), avian reovirus (arv), chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), and fowl adenovirus (fadv) are important causes of disease in poultry. to investigate the infection status of the above six viruses in chickens in china, 1,187 samples from chicken flocks were collected and tested using a newly developed multiplex reverse-transcription quantitative real-time pcr (mrt-qpcr) assay in the study. a seri ...202032765453
ex vivo rescue of recombinant very virulent ibdv using a rna polymerase ii driven system and primary chicken bursal cells.infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), a member of the birnaviridae family, causes an immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. although several reverse genetics systems are available for ibdv, the isolation of most field-derived strains, such as very virulent ibdv (vvibdv) and their subsequent rescue, has remained challenging due to the lack of replication of those viruses in vitro. such rescue required either the inoculation of animals, embryonated eggs, or the introduction of mutations in ...202032764663
infections and pathology of free-roaming backyard chickens on st. kitts, west indies.free-roaming chickens on caribbean islands are important sentinels for local avian diseases and those introduced by birds migrating through the americas. we studied 81 apparently healthy unvaccinated free-roaming chickens from 9 parishes on st. kitts, an eastern caribbean island. using commercial elisas, no chickens had antibodies against avian influenza virus, west nile virus, or salmonella enteritidis, although seropositivity was high to infectious bursal disease virus (86%), infectious bronch ...201930973088
in ovo and day of hatch application of a live infectious bursal disease virus vaccine to commercial broilers.infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an economically important disease of young chickens caused by an avibirnavirus, the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). the causative virus is highly resilient in poultry environments and vaccination is the most effective measure for ibdv control. however, both the suspected neutralization of highly attenuated strains by maternal antibodies and the assumed virulence of partly attenuated strains have limited the implementation of conventional live ibdv vacci ...201931865687
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