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who acquires infection from whom? estimating herpesvirus transmission rates between wild rodent host groups.to date, few studies of parasite epidemiology have investigated 'who acquires infection from whom' in wildlife populations. nonetheless, identifying routes of disease transmission within a population, and determining the key groups of individuals that drive parasite transmission and maintenance, are fundamental to understanding disease dynamics. gammaherpesviruses are a widespread group of dna viruses that infect many vertebrate species, and murine gammaherpesviruses (i.e. muhv-4) are a standard ...202133761448
road verges provide connectivity for small mammals: a case study with wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) in an agro-silvo pastoral system.roads disrupt landscape connectivity for many terrestrial mammals. these infrastructures can be barriers to movement thereby threatening population persistence. nonetheless, small mammals may use road verges as habitat or corridor, thus increasing migration across intensively managed landscapes. however, in well-preserved habitats where road verges show a similar vegetation structure to surrounding areas, their role is still unknown. road verges would have an important role as fine-scale connect ...202031929068
molecular detection of bartonella spp. in rodents in chernobyl exclusion zone, ukraine.bacteria of the genus bartonella are obligate parasites of vertebrates. their distribution range covers almost the entire world, from the americas to europe and asia. many bartonella species use rodents as reservoirs, and while much is known about bartonella infection of rodents in central europe, its extent is poorly understood in eastern europe.202032948932
wild micromammals as bioindicators of antibiotic resistance in ecopathology in northern italy.antimicrobial resistance (amr) is an increasing threat to human health and an important issue also in the natural environment. for this study, an ecopathological approach was applied to the monitoring of the antimicrobial resistance in the province of parma, northern italy. fourteen monitoring sites and seventy-four faecal samples from four species of wild micromammals (apodemus sylvaticus, microtus savii, mus domesticus and suncus etruscus) were collected. samples were subjected to bacteriologi ...202032668681
stable isotopes reveal the importance of seabirds and marine foods in the diet of st kilda field mice.introduced mammals have devastated island nesting seabird populations worldwide. declines in breeding seabirds on st kilda, uk, have been linked to climate change and predation from great skuas stercorarius skuas, but the introduced st kilda field mouse apodemus sylvaticus hirtensis may also play a role by feeding on adults, chicks or eggs. here, we use stable isotopes in st kilda mouse blood and potential dietary items to investigate their foraging ecology, specifically focussing on the importa ...202032269251
population structure of apodemus flavicollis and comparison to apodemus sylvaticus in northern poland based on rad-seq.mice of the genus apodemus are one the most common mammals in the palaearctic region. despite their broad range and long history of ecological observations, there are no whole-genome data available for apodemus, hindering our ability to further exploit the genus in evolutionary and ecological genomics context.202032183700
detection of wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) carrying non-tuberculous mycobacteria able to infect cattle and interfere with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.mycobacterial infections caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are of great medical and veterinary relevance. the aim of this research was to study whether small mammals play a role in the epidemiology of mycobacterioses. four samplings of 100 traps were performed in each of three cattle farms with previous history of tuberculosis or ntm between 2017 and 2018. a total of 108 animals belonging to seven species were trapped, classified, and n ...202032155849
the hidden faces of a biological invasion: parasite dynamics of invaders and natives.one of the primary drivers of emerging infectious diseases (eids) is human intervention via host or parasite translocations. a unique opportunity to study host and parasite dispersal during a bio-invasion currently exists in ireland due to the introduction of the bank vole (myodes glareolus) in the 1920s. the continuing range expansion of m. glareolus within ireland presents a natural large-scale perturbation experiment. this study used the irish m. glareolus model to conduct a spatiotemporal st ...202031981672
small mammal responses to long-term large-scale woodland creation: the influence of local and landscape-level attributes.habitat loss and fragmentation greatly affect biological diversity. actions to counteract their negative effects include increasing the quality, amount and connectivity of seminatural habitats at the landscape scale. however, much of the scientific evidence underpinning landscape restoration comes from studies of habitat loss and fragmentation, and it is unclear whether the ecological principles derived from habitat removal investigations are applicable to habitat creation. in addition, the rela ...202031670888
distribution of ticks, tick-borne pathogens and the associated local environmental factors including small mammals and livestock, in two french agricultural sites: the oscar database.in europe, ticks are major vectors of both human and livestock pathogens (e.g. lyme disease, granulocytic anaplasmosis, bovine babesiosis). agricultural landscapes, where animal breeding is a major activity, constitute a mosaic of habitat types of various quality for tick survival and are used at different frequencies by wild and domestic hosts across seasons. this habitat heterogeneity, in time and space, conditions the dynamics of these host-vector-pathogen systems and thus drives acarological ...202032431559
temporal dynamics of two pathogenic hantaviruses among rodents in hungary.hantaviruses are worldwide pathogens, which often cause serious or even fatal diseases in humans. hosts are predominantly in the form of rodents and soricomorphs; however, bats are also described as an important reservoir. in hungary, representatives of two human pathogenic species of the genus orthohantavirus are present: the dobrava-belgrade orthohantavirus and puumala orthohantavirus. in hungarian forests, the dominant rodent species are apodemus flavicollis, apodemus agrarius, apodemus sylva ...202031821117
pathogenic leptospira species in rodents from corsica (france).leptospirosis is a worldwide emerging zoonotic disease caused by leptospira species, that in some patients develop severe forms with high mortality. in france, corsica is the area where the highest incidences have been reported. the present study was focused on the analysis of pathogenic leptospira species in rodents of corsica, as these micromammals are the main natural reservoirs of the bacteria, in order to identify the circulating species and to locate possible risk focuses of transmission, ...202032502160
molecular survey for cyst-forming coccidia (toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, sarcocystis spp.) in mediterranean periurban micromammals.rodents and other micromammals constitute important reservoirs of infectious diseases; their role in the life cycle of apicomplexan parasites such as toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and sarcocystis spp. still needs clarification. in the present study, we analyzed by pcr and sanger sequencing methods the presence of specific parasite dna within brain and heart tissues of 313 individuals of five synanthropic small mammal species (apodemus sylvaticus, mus spretus, m. musculus, rattus rattus, a ...202032588173
examination and reconstruction of three ancient endogenous parvovirus capsid protein gene remnants found in rodent genomes.parvovirus-derived endogenous viral elements (eves) have been found in the genomes of many different animal species, resulting from integration events that may have occurred from more than 50 million years ago to much more recently. here, we further investigate the properties of autonomous parvovirus eves and describe their relationships to contemporary viruses. while we did not find any intact capsid protein open reading frames in the integrated viral sequences, we examined three eves that were ...201930626673
prevalence and genotype identification of toxoplasma gondii in suburban rodents collected at waste disposal sites.to assess the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in native and commensal rodents as indicators of environmental pollution, we analyzed brain tissue from small mammals collected on legal and illegal waste sites in the slovenian and croatian parts of istria. a total of 136 animals and five species of the family muridae were analyzed: black rat (rattus rattus), domestic mouse (mus musculus), wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus), striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius), and yellow-necked mouse (a ...201931041898
hepatitis e virus in common voles (microtus arvalis) from an urban environment, hungary: discovery of a cricetidae-specific genotype of orthohepevirus c.hepatitis e virus is a major causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide. despite its zoonotic potential, there is limited information about the natural chain of hepevirus infection in wildlife, and the potential reservoir species. in this study, we performed a hev survey by heminested rt-pcr on rodent samples from an urban environment (in the city of pécs, hungary) and investigated the prevalence of the virus among these native rodent species (apodemus agrarius, apodemus flavicollis, apodemus ...201930499180
host identification in unfed ticks from stable isotope compositions (δ13 c and δ15 n).determination of the ratios of natural stable isotopes (13 c/12 c and 15 n/14 n) in unfed ixodes ricinus nymphs and adults, which, in their previous stage, fed on captive wild rodents (apodemus sylvaticus and myodes glareolus), wild birds (parus major and cyanistes caeruleus) or domestic ruminants (ovis aries and bos taurus), demonstrated that it is possible to identify each host category with confidence. first, the tick-blood spacing, which is the difference between values obtained from ticks a ...201930883848
age affects antibody levels and anthelmintic treatment efficacy in a wild rodent.the role of the host immune system in determining parasite burdens and mediating within-host parasite interactions has traditionally been studied in highly controlled laboratory conditions. this does, however, not reflect the diversity of individuals living in nature, which is often characterised by significant variation in host demography, such as host age, sex, and infection history. whilst studies using wild hosts and parasites are beginning to give insights into the complex relationships bet ...201930923672
the opportunistic pathogen encephalitozoon cuniculi in wild living murinae and arvicolinae in central europe.encephalitozoon spp. is an obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite that infects a wide range of mammalian hosts, including humans. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of encephalitozoon spp. in wild living rodents from poland, the czech republic and slovakia. faecal and spleen samples were collected from individuals of apodemus agrarius, apodemus flavicollis, apodemus sylvaticus, and myodes glareolus (n = 465) and used for dna extraction. pcr, targeting the its region of ...201930825553
variation in local and systemic pro-inflammatory immune markers of wild wood mice after anthelmintic treatment.the immune system represents a host's main defense against infection to parasites and pathogens. in the wild, a host's response to immune challenges can vary due to physiological condition, demography (age, sex), and coinfection by other parasites or pathogens. these sources of variation, which are intrinsic to natural populations, can significantly impact the strength and type of immune responses elicited after parasite exposure and infection. importantly, but often neglected, a host's immune r ...201931368489
wood mouse body size measurements data in a spanish protected area over two periods spanning thirty years.we present data of morphometric measurements of a wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus population collected in the doñana national park (sw spain) in the periods between 1978-81 and 2006-07. these data have been extrapolated from specimens deposited in the doñana biological station collection. the data in this article support the information provided in the research article "marked reduction in body size of a wood mouse population in less than 30 years" [1].201931249849
wood mouse feeding effort and decision-making when encountering a restricted unknown food source.animals making foraging decisions must balance the energy gained, the time invested, and the influence of key environmental factors. in our work, we examined the effect of predation risk cues and experience on feeding efforts when a novel food resource was made available. to achieve this, we live-trapped wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus in monte de valdelatas (madrid), where 80 sherman traps were set in four plots. traps were subjected to two food-access difficulties in treatments consisting of th ...201931216280
the role of steroid hormones and individual traits in food intake in the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus).availability of food resources affects animal survival and reproduction. thus, coping with changes in food availability is one of the most crucial behavioural and physiological processes in wildlife. food intake is a key concept in animal ecology that is directly conditioned by food quality and abundance or diet choice, but may also vary according to individual-related factors (e.g. foraging behaviours, social rank or energy-demanding periods) and the influence of the endocrine system on energy ...201931203436
molecular identification of the source of an uncommon tularaemia outbreak, germany, autumn 2016.backgroundin 2016, an uncommon outbreak of oropharyngeal tularaemia involving six human cases occurred in germany, caused by drinking contaminated fresh must after a grape harvest.aimwe describe the details of laboratory investigations leading to identification of the outbreak strain, its characterisation by next generation sequencing (ngs) and the finding of the possible source of contamination.methodswe incubated wine samples in different media and on agar plates. ngs was performed on dna isol ...201931064636
how do richness and composition of diet shape trace metal exposure in a free-living generalist rodent, apodemus sylvaticus.exposure of terrestrial mammals to chemical contaminants like trace metals (tms) is considered to be mainly based on trophic transfer. although relationships between tm transfer to animals and identity of contaminated food have been studied, the variation of the tm transfer with respect to diet diversity has been poorly documented. in this study, the oral exposure to tms of wood mice apodemus sylvaticus was investigated with respect to both the number of different items, i.e., diet richness, and ...201931002242
parasitic nematodes simultaneously suppress and benefit from coccidian coinfection in their natural mouse host.within-host interactions among coinfecting parasites are common and have important consequences for host health and disease dynamics. however, these within-host interactions have traditionally been studied in laboratory mouse models, which often exclude important variation and use unnatural host-parasite combinations. conversely, the few wild studies of within-host interactions often lack knowledge of parasite exposure and infection history. here we exposed laboratory-reared wood mice (apodemus ...201930915927
stressful living in lower-quality habitats? body mass, feeding behavior and physiological stress levels in wild wood mouse populations.wild populations are continuously subjected to changes in environmental factors that pose different challenges. body condition and hormones have been commonly used as health indicators due to their potential correlation with fitness. in the present study, we analyzed whether habitats of different quality influenced body mass, food intake and physiological stress levels in wild wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus). field work was seasonally carried out in holm oak woods and pine forests in central spa ...201930019837
linking community assembly and structure across scales in a wild mouse parasite community.understanding what processes drive community structure is fundamental to ecology. many wild animals are simultaneously infected by multiple parasite species, so host-parasite communities can be valuable tools for investigating connections between community structures at multiple scales, as each host can be considered a replicate parasite community. like free-living communities, within-host-parasite communities are hierarchical; ecological interactions between hosts and parasites can occur at mul ...201931938479
parasite load and site-specific parasite pressure as determinants of immune indices in two sympatric rodent species.wildlife is exposed to parasites from the environment. this parasite pressure, which differs among areas, likely shapes the immunological strategies of animals. individuals differ in the number of parasites they encounter and host, and this parasite load also influences the immune system. the relative impact of parasite pressure vs. parasite load on different host species, particularly those implicated as important reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, is poorly understood. we captured bank voles (m ...201931766647
influence of age on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in apodemus sylvaticus at merja zerga lagoon, morocco.the influence of age and sex on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in apodemus sylvaticus was studied in merja zerga lagoon in northern morocco. five trace metal elements (zn, pb, cr, cu and fe) were quantitatively analyzed by varian aa 240 atomic absorption spectroscopy with graphite furnace in three organs (liver, kidney and heart) from animals of different age and sex. the maximum metal level of the analyzed samples was recorded in adults and was limited to 46.62 μg/g for pb and 35.1 μg/g fo ...201931762644
a new fast real-time pcr method for the identification of three sibling apodemus species (a. sylvaticus, a. flavicollis, and a. alpicola) in italy.the identification of field mice apodemus flavicollis, apodemus sylvaticus, and apodemus alpicola represents a challenge for field scientists due to their highly overlapping morphological traits and habitats. here, we propose a new fast real-time pcr method to discriminate the three species by species-specific taqman assays. primers and probes were designed based on the alignment of 54 cyt-b partial sequences from 25 different european countries retrieved from genbank. taqman assays were then te ...201829876059
mysteries of host switching: diversification and host specificity in rodent-coccidia associations.recent studies show that host switching is much more frequent than originally believed and constitutes an important driver in evolution of host-parasite associations. however, its frequency and ecological mechanisms at the population level have been rarely investigated. we address this issue by analyzing phylogeny and population genetics of an extensive sample, from a broad geographic area, for commonly occurring parasites of the genus eimeria within the abundant rodent genera apodemus, microtus ...201829753710
the helminth community component species of the wood mouse as biological tags of a ten post-fire-year regeneration process in a mediterranean ecosystem.serra calderona natural park, a mediterranean ecosystem, has been in post-fire regeneration for 10 years. to elucidate which helminth community component species of the wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus, can be considered biological tags of this process, the influence of intrinsic (host density; host sex and age) and extrinsic factors (site, year, and period of capture; vegetation recovery) on their prevalence and abundance has been analysed, comparing a burned and an unburned area. a total of 564 ...201829744702
the immune and non-immune pathways that drive chronic gastrointestinal helminth burdens in the wild.parasitic helminths are extremely resilient in their ability to maintain chronic infection burdens despite (or maybe because of) their hosts' immune response. explaining how parasites maintain these lifelong infections, identifying the protective immune mechanisms that regulate helminth infection burdens, and designing prophylactics and therapeutics that combat helminth infection, while preserving host health requires a far better understanding of how the immune system functions in natural habit ...201829459856
support vector machines for explaining physiological stress response in wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus).physiological stress response is a crucial adaptive mechanism for prey species survival. this paper aims to identify the main environmental and/or individual factors better explaining the stress response in wood mice, apodemus sylvaticus. we analyzed alterations in fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fcm) concentration - extensively used as an accurate measure of the physiological stress response - of wild mice fecal samples seasonally collected during three years. then, support vector machines wer ...201829416078
foraging, feeding, and physiological stress responses of wild wood mice to increased illumination and common genet cues.in nature, animals are exposed to a broad range of threats imposed by predators, which may strongly influence the ecology of prey species directly or indirectly by affecting their behavior via fear of predation. here, we studied wood mice apodemus sylvaticus behavioral and physiological responses to simulated predation risk. risk avoidance was analyzed by live trapping with control traps and traps treated with feces of common genet genetta genetta (direct cue of risk) under new moon nights and f ...201830108622
the genetic diversity of borrelia afzelii is not maintained by the diversity of the rodent hosts.small mammals are essential in the enzootic cycle of many tick-borne pathogens (tbp). to understand their contribution to the genetic diversity of borrelia afzelii, the most prevalent tbp in questing ixodes ricinus, we compared the genetic variants of b. afzelii at three distinct genetic loci. we chose two plasmid loci, dbpa and ospc, and a chromosomal one, igs.201830081938
does pollution influence small mammal diet in the field? a metabarcoding approach in a generalist consumer.mammals are mainly exposed to trace metals (tms) via consuming contaminated food. several studies have demonstrated relationships between metal concentrations in food and in animal tissues. however, potential effects of tms on feeding behaviour of wildlife have been poorly documented under field conditions, despite experimental evidence showing that food selection is impacted by resource contamination. here, we test the hypothesis that the diet of a generalist rodent, the wood mouse (apodemus sy ...201830069953
molecular confirmation of hymenolepis hibernia in field mice (apodemus sylvaticus) from st kilda has potential to resolve a host-parasite relationship.insular wildlife populations provide opportunities to examine biological questions in systems that are relatively closed and potentially tractable, striking examples being the long-term studies of ecology and evolution in the red deer and feral sheep populations on the hebridean islands of rum and st kilda. in the case of parasitology, understanding of parasitic infections insular wildlife populations in conjunction with knowledge of their origins has the potential to add a fresh perspective to ...201830302311
wild mice in and around the city of utrecht, the netherlands, are carriers of clostridium difficile but not esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae, salmonella spp. or mrsa.mice in buildings are a hygiene hazard because they harbour several zoonoses and animal diseases. the aim of this study was to gather information on specific bacteria in house mice caught in the urban environment. mice caught in snap traps during pest control activities were collected in and around the city of utrecht, the netherlands, during may-june 2014, october-november 2015 and september-november 2016. the gut contents were analysed for esbl/ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae, salmonella spp ...201830144118
helminth infections of rodents and their zoonotic importance in boyer-ahmad district, southwestern iran.rodents are considered as reservoirs of various zoonotic diseases including helminthic infections. the current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of helminth infections in rodents, in boyer-ahmad district, southwestern iran.201829317882
small terrestrial mammals of albania: distribution and diversity (mammalia, eulipotyphla, rodentia).in this paper new records are reported for 23 species of small terrestrial mammals (stm) of albania collected during the field work campaigns organised in the framework of the project "strengthening capacity in national nature protection - preparation for natura 2000 network" (natural) in albania during the summer and autumn of 2016 and 2017 data on small mammals were primarily collected through sherman live-trapping campaigns in six high priority protected areas of albania: korab-koritnik, bred ...201829670434
the landscape of fear: why some free-ranging rodents choose repeated live-trapping over predation risk and how it is associated with the physiological stress response.live trapping is an essential element of field ecological studies. however, the act of trapping provides two types of conditional benefits (food from the bait when hungry, and refuge from a predator when threatened) against one type of drawback (confinement). our understanding of how animals assess the two benefits against the lone risk determines how we interpret classic field studies in chemical ecology and wildlife management. here, we studied wood mice responses to these risks and rewards of ...201830266620
the concentration of fear: mice's behavioural and physiological stress responses to different degrees of predation risk.predation is an unavoidable and dangerous fact in the lifetime of prey animals and some sign of the proximity of a predator may be enough to trigger a response in the prey. we investigated whether different degrees of predation risk by red foxes (vulpes vulpes) evoke behavioural and physiological stress responses in wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus). we examined the variation in mice responses due to individual factors (sex and reproductive status) and related them to the concentration of the vola ...201829387946
molecular investigation of vector-borne parasites in wild micromammals, barcelona (spain).information about the role of micromammals in the epidemiology of leishmania infantum and babesia sp. in southern europe is scarce. wild micromammals were captured in natural areas in the barcelona province (ne spain) in 2011 and analysed by real-time pcr for the presence of dna of piroplasmida (n = 253) and leishmania infantum (n = 166). the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) was the most abundant species, but all specimens tested negative for l. infantum, for which two out of 15 (13.3%) white-to ...201829943318
distribution and space use of seed-dispersing rodents in central pyrenees: implications for genetic diversity, conservation and plant recruitment.the function and conservation of many forest ecosystems depend on the distribution and diversity of the community of rodents that consume and disperse seeds. the habitat preferences and interactions are especially relevant in alpine systems where such granivorous rodents reach the southernmost limit of their distribution and are especially sensitive to global warming. we analysed the community of granivorous rodents in the pyrenees, one of the southernmost mountain ranges of europe. rodent speci ...201829316239
risk factors of leptospira infection in mediterranean periurban micromammals.urbanization of natural areas can change abiotic factors, providing artificial sources of humidity in summer and decreasing variation of temperatures in winter. our study aimed at document risk factors of infection in mammal reservoirs of pathogenic leptospira in the human/wildlife interface of a large metropolitan area. we hypothesize that survival of leptospira and thus their prevalence in animal reservoirs should be higher in residential areas than in natural habitats, especially after the ho ...201829058382
surveillance of ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) in iceland.ixodes ricinus is a three-host tick, a principal vector of borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) and one of the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus. iceland is located in the north atlantic ocean with subpolar oceanic climate. during the past 3-4 decades, average temperature has increased, supporting more favourable conditions for ticks. reports of i. ricinus have increased in recent years. if these ticks were able to establish in a changing climate, iceland may face new threats posed by t ...201729017579
molecular detection of leishmania infantum and leishmania tropica in rodent species from endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis areas in morocco.leishmaniasis remains a major public health problem in african nations, including morocco, where little is known about the vertebrate reservoirs involved in the causal parasites' transmission cycles. the present study investigates the role of rodent species as potential reservoirs of leishmania spp. in central morocco, where both l. tropica and l. infantum have been reported.201728969710
bridging gaps: on the performance of airborne lidar to model wood mouse-habitat structure relationships in pine forests.lidar technology has firmly contributed to strengthen the knowledge of habitat structure-wildlife relationships, though there is an evident bias towards flying vertebrates. to bridge this gap, we investigated and compared the performance of lidar and field data to model habitat preferences of wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) in a mediterranean high mountain pine forest (pinus sylvestris). we recorded nine field and 13 lidar variables that were summarized by means of principal component analyses ...201728771566
epidemiological distribution of rodents as potent reservoirs for infectious diseases in the provinces of mazandaran, gilan and golestan, northern iran.rodents are mammals that comprise more than 2000 species and approximately 30 families. there are many morphological and ecological differences among them as variations in their shape, size, weight and habitat. in addition to significant economic losses, rodents have a major role in the dissemination of infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites or other micro-organisms. rodents are important reservoirs of diseases which have been observed in many cities of iran provinces especia ...201728626537
drivers of bartonella infection in micromammals and their fleas in a mediterranean peri-urban area.people living at the human/wildlife interface are at risk of becoming infected with bartonella for which micromammals act as reservoir. we aimed to determine the factors related to the prevalence of bartonella and its haplotype diversity in micromammals and in their fleas in a mediterranean peri-urban environment. we analyzed 511 micromammals, chiefly 407 wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus), captured into barcelona metropolitan area (spain) in spring and autumn from 2011 to 2013 in two natural and t ...201728619142
diversity and prevalence of bartonella species in small mammals from slovakia, central europe.wild-living rodents are important hosts for zoonotic pathogens. bartonella infections are widespread in rodents; however, in slovakia, knowledge on the prevalence of these bacteria in small mammals is limited. we investigated the prevalence and diversity of bartonella species in the spleens of 640 rodents of six species (apodemus flavicollis, apodemus sylvaticus, myodes glareolus, microtus arvalis, microtus subterraneus, and micromys minutus) and in the european mole (talpa europaea) from three ...201728975409
ecological factors influencing small mammal infection by anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in agricultural and forest landscapes.small mammals are key components of numerous tick-borne disease systems, as hosts for immature ticks and pathogen reservoirs. to study the factors influencing tick-borne infection in small mammals, we trapped small mammals and collected questing ticks in spring and autumn in 2012 and 2013 at 24 sites in a 10x15 km rural landscapes (brittany, france). tissue samples were screened by real-time pcr for anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. of the two dominant small mammal s ...201728799685
rodentibacter gen. nov. including rodentibacter pneumotropicus comb. nov., rodentibacter heylii sp. nov., rodentibacter myodis sp. nov., rodentibacter ratti sp. nov., rodentibacter heidelbergensis sp. nov., rodentibacter trehalosifermentans sp. nov., rodentibacter rarus sp. nov., rodentibacter mrazii and two genomospecies.rodentibacter gen. nov. is proposed based on isolation and phenotypic characterization of strains, predominantly from rodents. the strains showed 86 % or higher rpob gene sequence similarity and indicated a genus-level relationship within pasteurellaceae. the strains compared at 16s rrna gene sequence level showed 93.8 % or higher similarity, and their genus-level relationship within pasteurellaceae was confirmed by phenotypic analysis. the type species rodentibacter pneumotropicus comb. nov. is ...201728629498
parasitic nematodes of the genus syphacia seurat, 1916 infecting muridae in the british isles, and the peculiar case of syphacia frederici.syphacia stroma (von linstow, 1884) morgan, 1932 and syphacia frederici roman, 1945 are oxyurid nematodes that parasitize two murid rodents, apodemus sylvaticus and apodemus flavicollis, on the european mainland. only s. stroma has been recorded previously in apodemus spp. from the british isles. despite the paucity of earlier reports, we identified s. frederici in four disparate british sites, two in nottinghamshire, one each in berkshire and anglesey, wales. identification was based on their s ...201728831960
parasite dynamics in an invaded ecosystem: helminth communities of native wood mice are impacted by the invasive bank vole.it is becoming increasingly evident that biological invasions result in altered disease dynamics in invaded ecosystems, with knock-on effects for native host communities. we investigated disease dynamics in an invaded ecosystem, using the helminth communities of the native wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) in the presence and absence of the invasive bank vole (myodes glareolus) in ireland. native wood mice were collected over 2 years from four sites to assess the impact of the presence of the ban ...201728653589
tick infestation of small mammals in an english woodland.tick infestations on small mammals were studied from april to november, 2010, in deciduous woodland in southern england in order to determine whether co-infestations with tick stages occurred on small mammals, a key requirement for endemic transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev). a total of 217 small mammals was trapped over 1,760 trap nights. yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) made up the majority (52.5%) of animals, followed by wood mice (a. sylvaticus) 35.5% and bank voles ...201728504447
effects of strain and species on the septo-temporal distribution of adult neurogenesis in rodents.the functional septo-temporal (dorso-ventral) differentiation of the hippocampus is accompanied by gradients of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (ahn) in laboratory rodents. an extensive septal ahn in laboratory mice suggests an emphasis on a relation of ahn to tasks that also depend on the septal hippocampus. domestication experiments indicate that ahn dynamics along the longitudinal axis are subject to selective pressure, questioning if the septal emphasis of ahn in laboratory mice is a rule app ...201729311796
long-term data from a small mammal community reveal loss of diversity and potential effects of local climate change.climate change affects distribution and persistence of species. however, forecasting species' responses to these changes requires long-term data series that are often lacking in ecological studies. we used 15 years of small mammal trapping data collected between 1978 and 2015 in 3 areas at doñana national park (southwest spain) to (i) describe changes in species composition and (ii) test the association between local climate conditions and size of small mammal populations. overall, 5 species wer ...201729492011
strong "bottom-up" influences on small mammal populations: state-space model analyses from long-term studies."bottom-up" influences, that is, masting, plus population density and climate, commonly influence woodland rodent demography. however, "top-down" influences (predation) also intervene. here, we assess the impacts of masting, climate, and density on rodent populations placed in the context of what is known about "top-down" influences. to explain between-year variations in bank vole myodes glareolus and wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus population demography, we applied a state-space model to 33 year ...201728331581
correction: what do pneumocystis organisms tell us about the phylogeography of their hosts? the case of the woodmouse apodemus sylvaticus in continental europe and western mediterranean islands.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120839.].201728182721
molecular evidence of rickettsia spp. in ixodid ticks and rodents in suburban, natural and rural habitats in slovakia.natural foci of tick-borne spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae of public health concern have been found in slovakia, but the role of rodents in their circulation is unclear. ticks (ixodes ricinus, ixodes trianguliceps, dermacentor marginatus, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis concinna and haemaphysalis inermis) and tissues of rodents (apodemus flavicollis, apodemus sylvaticus, myodes glareolus, microtus arvalis, microtus subterraneus and micromys minutus) were examined for the presence of ...201728340608
helminth infections of house mouse (mus musulus) and wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) from the suburban areas of hamadan city, western iran.to determine the prevalence and intensity of helminths and their zoonotic importance in small rodents inhabiting in the suburban areas of hamadan city, iran.201725759732
experimental transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) from rabbit to wild mice (mus spretus and apodemus sylvaticus) under laboratory conditions.rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd) is a highly lethal and contagious viral disease that produces haemorrhagic lesions in liver and lungs of domestic and wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). this study investigates the transmission of rhdv from infected rabbits to mice, based on the detection of viral rna. sixteen wild mice (mus spretus, n=12 and apodemus sylvaticus, n=4) were put in contact with nine rabbits inoculated with rhdv. no mice died following exposure to rhdv-infected rabbits or develo ...201727871816
the adult and immature stages of the new species of the genus demodex (acariformes: demodecidae) with data on parasitism, topography, and topical specificity of demodecid mites in the yellow-necked mouse apodemus flavicollis (rodentia: muridae).demodex mollis n. sp. is described from the yellow-necked mouse apodemus flavicollis (melchior, 1834) from poland. it is a medium-sized demodecid mite (adult stages are on average 249 µm long) observed in the skin of the eyelid area. the new species is most similar to two other species occupying similar microhabitat in hosts of the same genus - demodex lacrimalis lukoschus and jongman, 1974 from apodemus sylvaticus linnaeus, 1758 and demodex huttereri mertens, lukoschus and nutting, 1983 from ap ...201728399378
[optimization of elisa and immunoblot methods for the detection of igg antibodies against old world hantaviruses in wild rodents].hantaviruses infect humans via inhalation of viral particles in infected rodents' secretions such as saliva, urine and faeces or via direct contact with infected rodents. the rodent species that are known as the carriers of dobrava (dobv), puumala (puuv), saaremaa (saav), tula (tulv) and seoul (seov) viruses are found in our country. the presence of specific antibodies against hantaviruses have been demonstrated in rodents collected from black sea and aegean regions of turkey in 2004 for the fir ...201627175497
rodentolepis straminea (cestoda: hymenolepididae) in an urban population of apodemus sylvaticus in the uk.the presence of the cyclophyllidean cestode rodentolepis straminea (cestoda: hymenolepididae), was confirmed by molecular dna analysis from a wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) population inhabiting urban woodland in salford, greater manchester (uk) with a prevalence of 27.8%. it would appear that the only previously published record of this species in a. sylvaticus in the british isles is that from south-west ireland, where 24% of the wood mice examined were infected with r. straminea. this speci ...201626278677
reduced helminth parasitism in the introduced bank vole (myodes glareolus): more parasites lost than gained.introduced species are often less parasitised compared to their native counterparts and to ecologically similar hosts in the new environment. reduced parasitism may come about due to both the loss of original parasites and low acquisition of novel parasites. in this study we investigated the intestinal helminth parasites of the introduced bank vole (myodes glareolus) in ireland. results were compared to data from other european studies and to the intestinal helminth fauna of an ecologically simi ...201627408800
coxiella burnetii genotypes in iberian wildlife.to investigate if coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever, genotypes circulating in wildlife are associated with those infecting livestock and humans, multiple-locus variable number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva-6-marker) was carried out over c. burnetii obtained from red deer (cervus elaphus), eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa), european wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), black rat (rattus rattus), and wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus). mlva typing was performed by using six variable loc ...201627216529
disentangle the causes of the road barrier effect in small mammals through genetic patterns.road barrier effect is among the foremost negative impacts of roads on wildlife. knowledge of the factors responsible for the road barrier effect is crucial to understand and predict species' responses to roads, and to improve mitigation measures in the context of management and conservation. we built a set of hypothesis aiming to infer the most probable cause of road barrier effect (traffic effect or road surface avoidance), while controlling for the potentially confounding effects road width, ...201626978779
prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in small rodents in france.anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging zoonotic tick-borne pathogen affecting a wide range of mammals. rodents are suspected to be natural reservoirs for this bacterium, but their role in the epidemiologic cycles affecting domestic animals and wild ungulates has not been demonstrated. this study aimed to improve our knowledge on a. phagocytophilum prevalence in apodemus sylvaticus, a. flavicollis and myodes glareolus using data collected in 2010 in one area in eastern france and in 2012-2013 i ...201627270190
molecular survey of zoonotic agents in rodents and other small mammals in croatia.croatia is a focus for many rodent-borne zoonosis. here, we report a survey of 242 rodents and small mammals, including 43 myodes glareolus, 131 apodemus flavicollis, 53 apodemus agrarius, three apodemus sylvaticus, six sorex araneus, four microtus arvalis, one microtus agrestis, and one muscardinus avellanarius, collected at eight sites in croatia over an 8-year period. multiplex masstag polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for detection of borrelia, rickettsia, bartonella, babesia, ehrlich ...201626711522
effect of landscape features on the relationship between ixodes ricinus ticks and their small mammal hosts.the consequences of land use changes are among the most cited causes of emerging infectious diseases because they can modify the ecology and transmission of pathogens. this is particularly true for vector-borne diseases which depend on abiotic (e.g. climate) and biotic conditions (i.e. hosts and vectors). in this study, we investigated how landscape features affect the abundances of small mammals and ixodes ricinus ticks, and how they influence their relationship.201626767788
detection of a yersinia pestis gene homologue in rodent samples.a homologue to a widely used genetic marker, pla, for yersinia pestis has been identified in tissue samples of two species of rat (rattus rattus and rattus norvegicus) and of mice (mus musculus and apodemus sylvaticus) using a microarray based platform to screen for zoonotic pathogens of interest. samples were from urban locations in the uk (liverpool) and canada (vancouver). the results indicate the presence of an unknown bacterium that shares a homologue for the pla gene of yersinia pestis, so ...201627602258
multihost bartonella parasites display covert host specificity even when transmitted by generalist vectors.many parasites infect multiple sympatric host species, and there is a general assumption that parasite transmission between co-occurring host species is commonplace. such between-species transmission could be key to parasite persistence within a disease reservoir and is consequently an emerging focus for disease control. however, while a growing body of theory indicates the potential importance of between-species transmission for parasite persistence, conclusive empirical evidence from natural c ...201627380876
rodent food quality and its relation to crops and other environmental and population parameters in an agricultural landscape.the diet, its quality and quantity considerably influence population parameters of rodents. in this study, we used nirs methods for estimation of nitrogen content in stomachs of rodent populations. the study was carried out in diverse arable landscape in south moravia, czech republic. rodents were sampled in cultural crops (alfalfa, barley, wheat, sunflower, maize and rape) as well as in fallow habitats (herbal set-aside and old orchard). influence of habitat, date, year, individual parameters ( ...201627099997
seventy-five years of masting and rodent population peaks in norway: why do wood mice not follow the rules?wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) populations are expected to show a peak in autumn in the year after a mast year of sessile oak (quercus petraea), because stored acorns increase winter survival. in aust-agder, south norway, only 16 of 34 mast years from 1939-2014 were followed by a year with a peak in the wood mouse population. for many of the remaining instances, there rather was a minor peak 2 or 3 years after the mast. in multiple logistic regression models, the probability of a wood mouse po ...201627059411
is the hook of muroid rodent's sperm related to sperm train formation?competition between spermatozoa of rival males to gain fertilizations has led to a wide array of modifications in sperm structure and function. sperm cells of most muroid rodents have hook-shaped extensions in the apical-ventral tip of the head, but the function of this structure is largely unknown. these 'hooks' may facilitate aggregation of spermatozoa in so-called 'trains', as an adaptation to sperm competition, because sperm in trains may swim faster than free-swimming cells. however, there ...201626969911
differences in the ectoparasite fauna between micromammals captured in natural and adjacent residential areas are better explained by sex and season than by type of habitat.we compared the ectoparasite fauna in 608 micromammals (chiefly 472 wood mice apodemus sylvaticus, 63 algerian mice mus spretus, and 51 greater white-toothed shrews crocidura russula) captured in natural and adjacent residential areas in spring and autumn during three consecutive years in four areas in periurban barcelona (ne spain). we found little support for an association of urbanization with differences in infestation by ectoparasites. prevalence of rhipicephalus sp. tick in wood mice and s ...201626946133
take only photographs, leave only footprints: novel applications of non-invasive survey methods for rapid detection of small, arboreal animals.the development of appropriate wildlife survey techniques is essential to promote effective and efficient monitoring of species of conservation concern. here, we demonstrate the utility of two rapid-assessment, non-invasive methods to detect the presence of elusive, small, arboreal animals. we use the hazel dormouse, muscardinus avellanarius, a rodent of conservation concern, as our focal species. prevailing hazel dormouse survey methods are prolonged (often taking months to years to detect dorm ...201626789632
an example of population-level risk assessments for small mammals using individual-based population models.this article presents a case study demonstrating the application of 3 individual-based, spatially explicit population models (ibms, also known as agent-based models) in ecological risk assessments to predict long-term effects of a pesticide to populations of small mammals. the 3 ibms each used a hypothetical fungicide (fungicidex) in different scenarios: spraying in cereals (common vole, microtus arvalis), spraying in orchards (field vole, microtus agrestis), and cereal seed treatment (wood mous ...201625891765
[histological analysis of the testis of apodemus sylvaticus and clethrionomys rutilus living in radioactively contaminated areas].we made a histological analysis of testis in apodemus sylvaticus and clethrionomys rutilus inhabiting a contaminated area of the east ural radioactive trace (eurt). it showed that in the control these species different in the total number of cells of spermatogenic epithelium and in testis indices which were determined by interspecific differences. concentration of 137cs and 90sr in clethrionomys rutilus from the sampling plot was correspondingly 1.5 and 6.1 times higher than in the control, in a ...20169889775
francisella species in ticks and animals, iberian peninsula.the presence of francisella species in 2134 ticks, 93 lagomorphs and 280 small mammals from the iberian peninsula was studied. overall, 19 ticks and 6 lagomorphs were positive for francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, suggesting, as described for other regions, that lagomorphs may have an important role in the maintenance of f. tularensis in nature. of the 6 positive lagomorphs, 4 were identified as the european rabbit, oryctogalus cuniculus. additionally, 353 ticks and 3 small mammals were ...201626520052
enzootic plague foci, algeria.in algeria, pcr sequencing of pla, glpd and rpob genes found yersinia pestis in 18/237 (8%) rodents of five species, including apodemus sylvaticus, previously undescribed as pestiferous; and disclosed three new plague foci. multiple spacer typing confirmed a new orientalis variant. rodent survey should be reinforced in this country hosting reemerging plague.201525834736
what do pneumocystis organisms tell us about the phylogeography of their hosts? the case of the woodmouse apodemus sylvaticus in continental europe and western mediterranean islands.pneumocystis fungi represent a highly diversified biological group with numerous species, which display a strong host-specificity suggesting a long co-speciation process. in the present study, the presence and genetic diversity of pneumocystis organisms was investigated in 203 lung samples from woodmice (apodemus sylvaticus) collected on western continental europe and mediterranean islands. the presence of pneumocystis dna was assessed by nested pcr at both large and small mitochondrial subunit ...201525830289
an epidemiological comparative study on diagnosis of rodent leptospirosis in mazandaran province, northern iran.leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by leptospires, in which transmission occurs through contact with contaminated biological fluids from infected animals. rodents can act as a source of infection for humans and animals. the disease has a global distribution, mainly in humid, tropical and sub-tropical regions. the aim of this study was to compare culture assays, the microscopic agglutination test (mat), polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and nested pcr (n-pcr), for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in ...201525773440
blood parameters as biomarkers of cadmium and lead exposure and effects in wild wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) living along a pollution gradient.small mammal populations living on contaminated sites are exposed to various chemicals. lead (pb) and cadmium (cd), two well-known nonessential trace metals, accumulate in different organs and are known to cause multiple adverse effects. to develop nonlethal markers in ecotoxicology, the present work aimed to study the relationships between blood parameters (hematocrit, leukocyte levels and granulated erythrocyte levels) and cd and pb concentrations in the soil and in the liver and kidneys of wo ...201525559174
analysis on population level reveals trappability of wild rodents is determined by previous trap occupant.live trapping is central to the study of small mammals. thus, any bias needs to be understood and accounted for in subsequent analyses to ensure accurate population estimates. one rarely considered bias is the behavioural response of individuals to the trap, in particular the olfactory cues left behind by previous occupants (po). we used a data set of 8,115 trap nights spanning 17 separate trapping sessions between august 2002 and november 2013 in wytham woods, oxfordshire, uk to examine if the ...201526689683
molecular study of stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata (siphonaptera: ctenophthalmidae: stenoponiinae) from the canary islands: taxonomy and phylogeny.in the present work, we carried out a comparative molecular study of stenoponia tripectinata tripectinata isolated from mus musculus from the canary islands, spain. the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (its1, its2) and 18s ribosomal rna partial gene and cytochrome c-oxidase 1 (cox1) mitochondrial dna partial gene sequences of this subspecies were determined to clarify the taxonomic status of this subspecies and to assess inter-population variation and inter-specific sequence differences. in ...201526282009
behavioural and physiological responses of wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) to experimental manipulations of predation and starvation risk.body weight and the levels of stored body fat have fitness consequences. greater levels of fat may provide protection against catastrophic failures in the food supply, but they may also increase the risk of predation. animals may therefore regulate their fatness according to their perceived risks of predation and starvation: the starvation-predation trade-off model. we tested the predictions of this model in wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) by experimentally manipulating predation risk and starva ...201526143188
marked seasonal variation in the wild mouse gut microbiota.recent studies have provided an unprecedented view of the microbial communities colonizing captive mice; yet the host and environmental factors that shape the rodent gut microbiota in their natural habitat remain largely unexplored. here, we present results from a 2-year 16 s ribosomal rna gene sequencing-based survey of wild wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) in two nearby woodlands. similar to other mammals, wild mice were colonized by 10 bacterial phyla and dominated by the firmicutes, bacteroid ...201526023870
a new species of the genus demodex owen, 1843 (acari: demodecidae) from the ear canals of the house mouse mus musculus l. (rodentia: muridae).a new species demodex conicus n. sp. is described based on adult and juvenile stages from the ear canals of the house mouse mus musculus l. in poland. the new species is most similar to d. auricularis izdebska, rolbiecki & fryderyk, 2014 from the ear canals of the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus (l.), but differs in the following features: the gnathosoma is triangular, the supracoxal spines (setae elc.p) are conical, the spines on the terminal segment of palp are four, the striation on opisthosom ...201525962464
magnetoreception in the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus): influence of weak frequency-modulated radio frequency fields.the mammalian magnetic sense is predominantly studied in species with reduced vision such as mole-rats and bats. far less is known about surface-dwelling (epigeic) rodents with well-developed eyes. here, we tested the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus for magnetoreception using a simple behavioural assay in which mice are allowed to build nests overnight in a visually symmetrical, circular arena. the tests were performed in the ambient magnetic field or in a field rotated by 90°. when plotted with ...201525923312
the generalist tick ixodes ricinus and the specialist tick ixodes trianguliceps on shrews and rodents in a northern forest ecosystem--a role of body size even among small hosts.understanding aggregation of ticks on hosts and attachment of life stages to different host species, are central components for understanding tick-borne disease epidemiology. the generalist tick, ixodes ricinus, is a well-known vector of lyme borrelioses, while the specialist tick, ixodes trianguliceps, feeding only on small mammals, may play a role in maintaining infection levels in hosts. in a northern forest in norway, we aimed to quantify the role of different small mammal species in feeding ...201526671686
survey of wild and domestic mammals for infection with leishmania infantum following an outbreak of desert zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in jiashi, people's republic of china.in 2008 and 2009, an outbreak of desert-subtype zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis occurred in jiashi county, xinjiang, china. so far, no animal reservoir has been identified for this type of visceral leishmaniasis. therefore, we surveyed the most common mammals (wild and domestic) for leishmania infections during the outbreak in 2008 and 2009 in order to identify the source of the visceral leishmaniasis in this region. spleen, liver, bone marrow and blood samples collected from 86 wood mice (apode ...201526177101
molecular examinations of babesia microti in rodents and rodent-attached ticks from urban and sylvatic habitats in germany.small mammals serve as reservoir hosts for tick-borne pathogens, especially for those which are not transmitted transovarially in ticks - such as babesia microti. molecular investigations on the prevalence of b. microti in wild small mammals and on attached ticks from differently structured areas may provide information on the circulation of b. microti in different ecological niches. in 2012 and 2013, 622 rodents (396 myodes glareolus, 178 apodemus flavicollis, 36 apodemus sylvaticus, 4 apodemus ...201525922232
the importance of lizards and small mammals as reservoirs for borrelia lusitaniae in portugal.borrelia lusitaniae is a pathogen frequent in the mediterranean area. apart from lizards, evidence for birds and small mammals as competent reservoirs for this genospecies has been occasional. we collected questing ticks, skin biopsies and ixodes sp. ticks feeding on lizards, birds and small mammals in a b. burgdorferi s.l. (sensu lato) enzootic area to assess their importance in the maintenance of b. lusitaniae. borrelia lusitaniae was the most prevalent genospecies in questing ticks and was co ...201525291988
the helminth community of the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus from the erro river valley, navarre, spain.the helminth fauna of the wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus, in the erro river valley (navarre, spain) was investigated from a total of 150 mice between february 2001 and july 2002. an overall prevalence of 90.7% was recorded and up to 14 helminth species identified. the most prevalent species was the nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus (78.0%), whereas syphacia stroma was the species with the highest median abundance (19.8). the detection of calodium hepaticum, rodentolepis straminea and the larva ...201525007313
leishmania infantum in wild rodents: reservoirs or just irrelevant incidental hosts?wild rodents constitute a very large biomass of potential reservoirs for leishmania spp. therefore, an epidemiological study was carried out in a well-known focus of canine leishmaniasis from southern spain, with the objective of detecting and characterizing leishmania infantum infection in wild rodents. blood, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and skin from 37 rodents (24 apodemus sylvaticus, 9 rattus rattus, and 4 mus musculus) were analyzed by optical microscopy, culture, and two different polymera ...201525797596
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