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molecular characterization and expression analysis of toll-like receptors 5 and 22 from natural triploid carassius auratus.innate immunity, as the most primitive and universal host defense in fish, constitutes an efficient first line of defense to combat invading microbes. toll-like receptors (tlrs) play essential roles in the innate immunity, and tlr5 and tlr22 are two important tlrs that can recognize flagellin and double stranded rna (dsrna), respectively. in this study, we identified and characterized two tlrs genes of qihe crucian carp (carassius auratus) (designated as catlr5 and catlr22). the full-length cdna ...201728259778
comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy and aeromonas hydrophila-infected crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio).the comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (enr) and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (cip) were investigated in healthy and aeromonas hydrophila-infected crucian carp after a single oral (p.o.) administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg at 25 °c. the plasma concentrations of enr and of cip were determined by hplc. pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on mean enr concentrations by noncompartmental modeling. in healthy fish, the elimination half-life (t1/2λz ), maximum plasma concentratio ...201728205238
establishment and characterization of a heart-derived cell line from goldfish (carassius auratus).the goldfish carassius auratus, a freshwater fish in the family cyprinidae, was one of the earliest fish to be domesticated for ornamental purposes. a cell line was established from goldfish heart (gh) tissue to create a biological monitoring tool for viral diseases. the gh cell line was optimally maintained at 25 °c in m199 medium supplemented with 10-20% fetal bovine serum. a chromosomal analysis indicated that the cell line remained diploid, with a mean chromosomal count of 100. in viral inoc ...201728097494
molecular phylogenetics of centrocestus formosanus (digenea: heterophyidae) originated from freshwater fish from chiang mai province, thailand.this study aimed to investigate the morphology and reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of centrocestus formosanus originating from 5 species of freshwater fish, i.e., esomus metallicus, puntius brevis, anabas testudineus, parambassis siamensis, and carassius auratus, in chiang mai province, thailand. sequence-related amplified polymorphism (srap) and phylogeny based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (co1) were performed. the results s ...201728285504
susceptibility of isogeneic ginbuna carassius auratus langsdorfii temminck et schlegel to cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (cyhv-2) as a model species.herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (hvhn), caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (cyhv-2), has affected the commercial production of the goldfish carassius auratus and gibelio carp carassius auratus gibelio. high water temperature treatments are reported to reduce the mortality rate of infected goldfish and elicit immunity in the survivors. to define the mechanism by which this intervention induces resistance, clonal ginbuna carassius auratus langsdorfii, which is closely related to both species and ...201727150547
genome sequencing and annotation of aeromonas veronii strain ae52, a multidrug-resistant isolate from septicaemic gold fish (carassius auratus) in sri lanka.here we report the draft genome sequence and annotation of a. veronii strain ae52 isolated from the kidney of a morbund, septicaemic gold fish (carassius auratus) in sri lanka. this clinical isolate showed resistance to multiple antimicrobials; amoxicillin, neomycin, trimethoprim-sulphonamide, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin and nitrofurantoin. the size of the draft genome is 4.56 mbp with 58.66% of g + c content consisting 4328 coding sequences. it harbors a repertoire ...201727942459
stimulatory effects of heat-killed enterococcus faecalis on cell-mediated immunity in fish.intracellular bacterial and viral diseases are widespread in the aquaculture industry and cause serious economic losses. development of effective vaccines and adjuvants that can induce cell-mediated immunity is urgently needed for prevention of these diseases. here we report the immunostimulatory effects of probiotic bacteria ''e. faecalis'' in ginbuna crucian carp carassius auratus langsdorfii. intraperitoneal injection of heat-killed e. faecalis induced an increase in cd4-1(+) lymphocytes, cd8 ...201728389237
diversity of culturable bacterial communities in the intestinal tracts of goldfish (carassius auratus) and their ability to produce n-acyl homoserine lactone.intestinal bacteria isolated from goldfish (carassius auratus) were identified based on 16 ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequences and screened for their ability to produce n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl), an autoinducer of the quorum sensing (qs) system. the 230 aerobes/facultative anaerobes that were isolated comprised members of the genera aeromonas (184 isolates), citrobacter (11), enterobacter (2), shewanella (28), vagococcus (1), and vibrio (4). among these genera, the two most abundant specie ...201728124783
first report of rahnella aquatilis infection in crucian carp carassius auratus in china.rahnella aquatilis infection is rare in aquaculture. here, a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from diseased crucian carp carassius auratus in xuzhou city, jiangsu province, eastern china. the isolate was tentatively named strain kcl-5, and subsequently identified as r. aquatilis by biochemical properties and molecular techniques. the results showed that the isolate kcl-5 was most closely related to the type strain atcc33071 (= dsm4594) of r. aquatilis, which shared 99.67, 96.26 an ...201728322207
opisthorchis viverrini infection in the snail and fish intermediate hosts in central vietnam.opisthorchis viverrini, a carcinogenic fish borne fluke, requires freshwater snails and fish as intermediate hosts. opisthorchiasis is endemic in parts of southeast asia, including central and south vietnam. in this region the transmission by intermediate hosts has received little attention. therefore, freshwater snails and wild fish from bau my tho, an opisthorchiasis endemic area in binh dinh province were collected for examination of o. viverrini cercariae and metacercariae, respectively. a t ...201728242064
recombinant il-4/13a and il-4/13b induce arginase activity and down-regulate nitric oxide response of primary goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophages.we report on the expression analysis and functional characterization of il-4/13a and il-4/13b in goldfish. quantitative analysis indicated the highest expression in the heart, spleen, brain, and kidney, with comparable expression patterns for both il-4/13a and il-4/13b. the mrna levels of il-4/13a and il-4/13b in the immune cells examined were highest in macrophage and monocytes. assessment of spleen mrna following infection with trypanosoma carassii, a prominent protozoan pathogen of fish, reve ...201727581741
the chromogranin a-derived sympathomimetic serpinin depresses myocardial performance in teleost and amphibian hearts.chromogranin a (cga) is an acidic protein co-stored with catecholamines, hormones and neuropeptides in the secretory granules of endocrine, neuronal and other cell types (including cardiomyocytes). proteolytic cleavage in the c terminus of cga generates a 2.9kda peptide named serpinin (serp; ala26leu) that can be modified at its n terminus to form a pyroglutamate residue (pglu-serp). in the rat heart, both peptides increase contractility and relaxation through a β-adrenergic-like action mechanis ...201727633326
the interactive effect of digesting a meal and thermal acclimation on maximal enzyme activities in the gill, kidney, and intestine of goldfish (carassius auratus).surrounding environmental temperatures affect many aspects of ectotherm physiology. generally, organisms can compensate at one or more biological levels, or allow temperature to dictate processes such as enzyme activities through kinetic effects on reaction rates. as digestion also alters physiological processes such as enzyme activities, this study determined the interacting effect of thermal acclimation (8 and 20 °c) and digesting a single meal on maximal enzyme activities in three tissues of ...201728382530
bacterial signatures of "red-operculum" disease in the gut of crucian carp (carassius auratus).fish gut microbiota play important roles in fish immunity, nutrition, and the adaptation to environmental changes. to date, few studies have focused on the interactions among environmental factors, fish diseases, and gut microbiota compositions. we compared the gut bacterial communities of healthy crucian carps (carassius auratus) with those of individuals affected by "red-operculum" disease and corresponding water and sediment microbiota in four fish farm ponds. distinct gut bacterial communiti ...201728364130
bioconcentration and multi-biomarkers of organic uv filters (bm-dbm and od-paba) in crucian carp.organic uv filters (ouv-fs) are increasingly used in sunscreens and personal care products. in the present work, the bioconcentration and multi-biomarker effects of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (bm-dbm) and ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoate (od-paba) were investigated in crucian carp (carassius auratus). the fish were exposed to various concentrations of bm-dbm (3.88, 35.61, 181.85 and 337.15μg/l), od-paba (4.66, 53.83, 264.22 and 459.32μg/l) and their mixture (2.31+2.79, 23.69+26.18, 97.37+1 ...201728343007
ghrelin facilitates glut2-, sglt1- and sglt2-mediated intestinal glucose transport in goldfish (carassius auratus).glucose homeostasis is an important biological process that involves a variety of regulatory mechanisms. this study aimed to determine whether ghrelin, a multifunctional gut-brain hormone, modulates intestinal glucose transport in goldfish (carassius auratus). three intestinal glucose transporters, the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (glut2), and the sodium/glucose co-transporters 1 (sglt1) and 2 (sglt2), were studied. immunostaining of intestinal sections found colocalization of ghrelin and ...201728338019
influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the effects of roxithromycin in crucian carp (carassius auratus) in the presence of natural organic matter.carbon nanotubes are increasingly entering the aquatic environment and may interact with other co-existing contaminants, such as antibiotics. however, whether these interactions may affect their bioavailability in aquatic organisms is the subject of considerable debate. the primary objective of this study was to assess the risks arising from the coexistence of roxithromycin (rox) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) in waters containing natural organic matter (nom), focusing on the distrib ...201728324838
diverse chlamydia-like agents associated with epitheliocystis infection in two cyprinid fish species, the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and the gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio l.).during a general annual fish health survey in natural waters and ponds, epitheliocystis infections were recorded in fingerlings of two cyprinid fish species, the cultured common carp and the wild gibel carp. benign and heavy infections were equally observed without mortality. in addition to the general health inspection of fish, histopathological examinations of infected gills and molecular biological investigations of separated epitheliocysts were performed. epitheliocysts were formed both in t ...201728244339
effects on heavy metal accumulation in freshwater fishes: species, tissues, and sizes.three fish species (carassius auratus, pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and squaliobarbus curriculus) were collected from xiang river near changsha city, southern china. the concentrations of heavy metals including arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), copper (cu), iron (fe), manganese (mn), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) in the muscle, gill, and liver of three species were determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method. one-way analysis of variance (anova) was introduced to determine the signifi ...201728233209
irisin in goldfish (carassius auratus): effects of irisin injections on feeding behavior and expression of appetite regulators, uncoupling proteins and lipoprotein lipase, and fasting-induced changes in fndc5 expression.irisin is a peptide cleaved from the fibronectin type iii domain containing protein 5 (fndc5) gene that is secreted predominantly by muscle cells but also by other tissues including brain and intestine. in mammals, irisin has been shown to have thermogenic actions via the modulation of uncoupling proteins (ucps) and to affect feeding and energy homeostasis via actions in brain, adipose tissue, liver, muscle and gastrointestinal tract. to examine the role of irisin on feeding and metabolism in fi ...201728219696
microcystin bioaccumulation in freshwater fish at different trophic levels from the eutrophic lake chaohu, china.the spatial and temporal variations of microcystins (mcs) in fishes with different trophic levels were studied monthly in lake chaohu in 2014. mcs content in muscle was highest in phytoplanktivorous hypophthalmichthys molitrix (h. molitrix), followed by omnivorous carassius auratus (c. auratus), and was lowest in herbivorous parabramis pekinensis (p. pekinensis) and carnivorous coilia ectenes (c. ectenes). mcs concentration in liver was highest in c. auratus, followed by h. molitrix, and was low ...201728213674
allometric analysis of a morphological anti-predator trait in geographic populations of japanese crucian carp.costly anti-predator traits tend to be expressed only in high-predation conditions. for the cyprinid fish genus carassius, deeper body depth is more adaptive to avoid predation by gape-limited piscivorous fish, but it raises swimming costs. it is therefore predicted that the relative body depth will decrease when the prey fish has reached a size larger than the predator gape-size. this prediction was tested by allometric analysis of the relation between body depth and standard length of triploid ...201728150742
glucose, amino acids and fatty acids directly regulate ghrelin and nucb2/nesfatin-1 in the intestine and hepatopancreas of goldfish (carassius auratus) in vitro.ghrelin and nesfatin-1 are two peptidyl hormones primarily involved in food intake regulation. we previously reported that the amount of dietary carbohydrates, protein and lipids modulates the expression of these peptides in goldfish in vivo. in the present work, we aimed to characterize the effects of single nutrients on ghrelin and nesfatin-1 in the intestine and hepatopancreas. first, immunolocalization of ghrelin and nucb2/nesfatin-1 in goldfish hepatopancreas cells was studied by immunohist ...201728089858
spontaneous polyploidy, gynogenesis and androgenesis in second generation (f2 ) koi cyprinus carpio × goldfish carassius auratus hybrids.the objective of this study was to characterize the genetics of second generation (f2 ) koi cyprinus carpio × goldfish carassius auratus hybrids. spermatozoa produced by a novel, fertile f1 male were found to be diploid by flow-cytometric analysis. backcross (f1 female × c. carpio male and c. carpio female × f1 male) juveniles were triploid, confirming that female and male f1 hybrids both produced diploid gametes. the vast majority of surviving f2 juveniles was diploid and small proportions were ...201727861861
nmr elucidation of reduced b-z transition activity of pkz protein kinase at high nacl concentration.a z-dna binding protein (zbp)-containing protein kinase (pkz) in fish species has an important role in the innate immune response. previous structural studies of the zα domain of the pkz from carassius auratus (cazαpkz) showed that the protein initially binds to b-dna and induces b-z transition of double stranded dna in a salt concentration-dependent manner. however, the significantly reduced b-z transition activity of cazαpkz at high salt concentration was not fully understood. in this study, w ...201727856245
modulation of erythromycin-induced biochemical responses in crucian carp by ketoconazole.the individual and combined biochemical responses of erythromycin and ketoconazole have been examined in an organism representative of the aquatic environment, crucian carp (carassius auratus). the possible interactions between erythromycin and ketoconazole were investigated on the bioaccumulation and the expression of biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst), and an antioxidant defense enzyme superoxide dismutase (sod) in fish tissues. ...201728004371
acute exposure to the penconazole-containing fungicide topas partially augments antioxidant potential in goldfish tissues.penconazole is a systemic fungicide commonly used in agriculture as the commercial preparation topas. although triazole fungicides are widely found in the aquatic environment, little is known about their acute toxicity on fish. in this study we assessed the effects of short-term exposure to topas on some parameters of homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ros), such as the levels of markers of oxidative stress and parameters of the antioxidant defense system of goldfish (carassius auratus l.). ...201727979696
identification of three selenoprotein t paralogs in goldfish (carassius auratus) and expression analysis in response to environmental stressors.selenoproteins, which contain the selenocysteine (sec), play crucial roles in antioxidant protection. in the present study, we have identified and characterized three selenoprotein t paralogs (designated as gfselt1a, gfselt1b and gfselt2) in goldfish, carassius auratus. the secis element was found in the 3'-utrs of gfselt1a, gfselt1b and gfselt2 mrna. sequence analysis showed that they all possess the cxxu motif (where u represents sec) in the n-terminal. constitutive expressions of gfselt1a, gf ...201727667707
plasma pharmacokinetics and muscle residue dynamics of mebendazole in carassius auratus.mebendazole is approved for use in aquatic animals and is widely used in chinese aquaculture. we developed a pharmacokinetic and residue analysis for mebendazole levels in the goldfish (carassius auratus). plasma and muscle samples of c. auratus were taken after oral administration of 10 mg/kg mebendazole. the maximal drug plasma concentration of 0.55 mg/l was achieved at 48 hr and then declined with the elimination half-life (t1/2β ) of 7.99 hr. administration of 10 mg/kg by oral gavage for 5 s ...201728401566
propofol as an immersion anesthetic and in a minimum anesthetic concentration (mac) reduction model in goldfish (carassius auratus).propofol is a novel immersion anesthetic in goldfish ( carassius auratus ). objectives were to characterize propofol as an anesthetic and assess its suitability in a minimum anesthetic concentration (mac) reduction model. using a crossover design, eight goldfish were submerged in 1, 5, or 10 mg/l propofol. data included induction time, recovery time, heart rate, opercular rate, and response to supramaximal stimulation. baseline mac (dixon's up-and-down method) was determined, and 15 fish were an ...201728363074
development of a multiplex pcr method for the simultaneous detection of four myxosporeans infecting gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio.gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio (bloch), a commercially important freshwater-cultured fish in china, is threatened by myxosporeans, particularly thelohanellus wuhanensis, myxobolus honghuensis, m. wulii and m. turpisrotundus. here, we developed a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of these 4 myxosporeans. the specific primers for each species were designed based on the 28s rdna gene of t. wuhanensis, the its-5.8s rdna of m. honghuensis and m. wulii, and the 18s rdna gene of m. t ...201728357984
identification of the putative goldfish (carassius auratus) magnesium transporter slc41a1 and functional regulation in the gill, kidney, and intestine in response to dietary and environmental manipulations.while magnesium requirements for teleost fish highlight the physiological importance of this cation for homeostasis, little is known regarding the molecular identity of transporters responsible for magnesium absorption or secretion. the recent characterization of the vertebrate magnesium transporter solute carrier 41a1 (slc41a1) in the kidney of a euryhaline fish has provided a glimpse of possible moieties involved in piscine magnesium regulation. the present study obtained a novel slc41a1 codin ...201728130070
ifna2 of triploid hybrid of gold fish and allotetraploid is an intracellular antiviral cytokine against svcv and gcrv.sterile triploid hybrids (3n = 150) of gold fish (carassius auratus red var., ♀, 2n = 100) and allotetroploid (♂, 2n = 100) display obviously improved disease resistance and much enhanced growth rate than their parents, which have been cultured widely in china. in this paper, one of the type i ifns of triploid hybrid (3nifna2) has been cloned and characterized. the full-length cdna of 3nifna2 gene consists of 715 nucleotides and the predicted 3nifna2 contains 183 amino acids. the transcription o ...201728126620
proteome response of fish under multiple stress exposure: effects of pesticide mixtures and temperature increase.aquatic systems can be subjected to multiple stressors, including pollutant cocktails and elevated temperature. evaluating the combined effects of these stressors on organisms is a great challenge in environmental sciences. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the molecular stress response of an aquatic fish species subjected to individual and combined pesticide mixtures and increased temperatures. for that, goldfish (carassius auratus) were acclimated to two different ...201728109940
composition of gut microbiota in the gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) varies with host development.to understand how a bacteria-free fish gut ecosystem develops microbiota as the fish ages, we performed a 1-year study on the gut microbiota of hatchling gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). our results indicate that the gut microbial diversity increases significantly as the fish develop. the gut microbial community composition showed significant shifts corresponding to host age and appeared to shift at two time points despite consistent diet and environmental conditions, suggesting that some ...201728108758
ghrelin modulates gene and protein expression of digestive enzymes in the intestine and hepatopancreas of goldfish (carassius auratus) via the ghs-r1a: possible roles of plc/pkc and ac/pka intracellular signaling pathways.ghrelin, a multifunctional gut-brain hormone, is involved in the regulation of gastric functions in mammals. this study aimed to determine whether ghrelin modulates digestive enzymes in goldfish (carassius auratus). immunofluorescence microscopy found colocalization of ghrelin, ghs-r1a and the digestive enzymes sucrase-isomaltase, aminopeptidase a, trypsin and lipoprotein lipase in intestinal and hepatopancreatic cells. in vitro ghrelin treatment in intestinal and hepatopancreas explant culture ...201728042022
elevated co2 levels increase the toxicity of zno nanoparticles to goldfish (carassius auratus) in a water-sediment ecosystem.concerns about the environmental safety of metal-based nanoparticles (mnps) in aquatic ecosystems are increasing. simultaneously, elevated atmospheric co2 levels are a serious problem worldwide, making it possible for the combined exposure of mnps and elevated co2 to the ecosystem. here we studied the toxicity of nzno to goldfish in a water-sediment ecosystem using open-top chambers flushed with ambient (400±10μl/l) or elevated (600±10μl/l) co2 for 30days. we measured the content of zn in suspen ...201728040633
characterization of ghrelin o-acyltransferase (goat) in goldfish (carassius auratus).ghrelin is the only known hormone posttranslationally modified with an acylation. this modification is crucial for most of ghrelin's physiological effects and is catalyzed by the polytopic enzyme ghrelin o-acyltransferase (goat). the aim of this study was to characterize goat in a teleost model, goldfish (carassius auratus). first, the full-length cdna sequence was obtained by rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends methods. two highly homologous cdnas of 1491 and 1413 bp, respectively, name ...201728178327
stellate and pyramidal neurons in goldfish telencephalon respond differently to anoxia and gaba receptor inhibition.with oxygen deprivation, the mammalian brain undergoes hyper-activity and neuronal death while this does not occur in the anoxia-tolerant goldfish (carassius auratus). anoxic survival of the goldfish may rely on neuromodulatory mechanisms to suppress neuronal hyper-excitability. as γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, we decided to investigate its potential role in suppressing the electrical activity of goldfish telencephalic neurons. utilizing whole- ...201727923876
an in vivo assay performed using multiple biomarkers related to testosterone synthesis and conversion for assessing the androgenic potency of refuse leachate.refuse leachate is likely an important source of androgens. however, common in vitro bioassays underestimate the potential androgenic activity of leachate, owing to non-receptor-mediated mechanisms that modify the balance of sex hormones and promote the accumulation of endogenous androgens. this study aimed to develop an in vivo assay by using multiple biomarkers related to testosterone synthesis and conversion for assessing the potential androgenic activity of refuse leachate sampled from a mun ...201727716536
ligand-biased regulation of ptdins(3,4,5)p3-dependent signal transduction in gpcr control of pituitary hormone release.biased signaling describes the selective activation of signal transduction cascades by structurally related ligands downstream of shared g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs). although class i phosphoinositide 3-kinases (pi3ks) are important components of gpcr-controlled transduction networks, little is known regarding the potential for biased regulation of class i pi3k-dependent signaling. the full complement of class i pi3k catalytic subunits (p110α, p110β, p110δ, and p110γ) first appears in bon ...201727906555
relationship between oxidative stress and brain swelling in goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to high environmental ammonia.buildups of ammonia can cause potentially fatal brain swelling in mammals, but such swelling is reversible in the anoxia- and ammonia-tolerant goldfish (carassius auratus). we investigated brain swelling and its possible relationship to oxidative stress in the brain and liver of goldfish acutely exposed to high external ammonia (hea; 5 mmol/l nh4cl) at two different acclimation temperatures (14°c, 4°c). exposure to hea at 14°c for 72h resulted in increased internal ammonia and glutamine concentr ...201727784686
studies on histopathological alteration of three major organs of the goldfish, carassius auratus l., of india due to myxozoan infection with special reference to scanning electron microscopic observation.severe infections by the protozoan parasite belonging to the genera myxozoa are causing serious problems in ornamental fish reared in breeding farms. histopathological study is being used for diagnosis of the severity of diseases. myxozoan infections result in large scale histopathological damages in different fish tissues. no information is available regarding the histopathological changes of goldfish due to infection with myxozoans. the present study deals with the histopathological changes of ...201727815737
monitoring and assessment of heavy metal contamination in a constructed wetland in shaoguan (guangdong province, china): bioaccumulation of pb, zn, cu and cd in aquatic and terrestrial components.the objective of this study is to evaluate the current status of heavy metal concentrations in constructed wetland, shaoguan (guangdong, china). sediments, three wetland plants (typha latifolia, phragmites australis, and cyperus malaccensis), and six freshwater fish species [carassius auratus (goldfish), cirrhinus molitorella (mud carp), ctenopharyngodon idellus (grass carp), cyprinus carpio (wild common carp), nicholsicypris normalis (mandarin fish), sarcocheilichthys kiangsiensis (minnows)] in ...201727164879
brain and intestinal expression of galanin-like peptide (galp), galanin receptor r1 and galanin receptor r2, and galp regulation of food intake in goldfish (carassius auratus).galanin-like peptide (galp) is a 60 amino acid neuropeptide originally discovered from porcine hypothalamus, and is involved in the regulation of food intake in mammals. since its discovery, galp and its receptors (galr1 and galr2) have been characterized in mammals, but no publications are available on galp in fish and other non-mammals. the present study aimed to characterize brain and intestinal galp and its receptors using immunohistochemistry in a teleost, the goldfish (carassius auratus), ...201727884736
determination of the gut retention of plastic microbeads and microfibers in goldfish (carassius auratus).microplastics are ubiquitous pollutants in aquatic habitats and commonly found in the gut contents of fish yet relatively little is known about the retention of these particles by fish. in this study, goldfish were fed a commercial fish food pellet amended with 50 particles of one of two microplastics types, microbeads and microfibers. microbeads were obtained from a commercial facial cleanser while microfibers were obtained from washed synthetic textile. following consumption of the amended pel ...201727880921
the complete mitochondrial genome of carassius auratus var. high back crucian carp (cypriniformes: cyprinidae).in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of carassius auratus var. high back crucian carp (c. auratus var.) was determined (genbank accession number is kt756205). the mitochondrial genome sequence of c. auratus var. was a circular molecule with 16 581 bp in length, and contained 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes, including 2 ribosomal rna genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes and a control region (d-loop). four nucleotide compositions and their relative propo ...201726709972
gper/gpr30, a membrane estrogen receptor, is expressed in the brain and retina of a social fish (carassius auratus) and colocalizes with isotocin.estradiol rapidly (within 30 minutes) influences a variety of sociosexual behaviors in both mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrates, including goldfish, in which it rapidly stimulates approach responses to the visual cues of females. such rapid neuromodulatory effects are likely mediated via membrane-associated estrogen receptors; however, the localization and distribution of such receptors within the nervous system is not well described. to begin to address this gap, we identified gper/gpr30, a ...201727283982
cryosurvival of isolated testicular cells and testicular tissue of tench tinca tinca and goldfish carassius auratus following slow-rate freezing.experiments were carried out to test the efficiency of cryopreservation of whole testicular tissue in tench tinca tinca and goldfish carassius auratus and compare it to cryopreservation of isolated testicular cells. additionally, effects of three cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulphoxyde - me2so, methanol - meoh and ethylene glycol - eg) at three concentrations (1m, 2m and 3m) on post-thaw cell viability were assessed. tissue pieces/isolated testicular cells were diluted in cryomedia and cryopreserve ...201727401260
toxicity and accumulation of zinc pyrithione in the liver and kidneys of carassius auratus gibelio: association with p-glycoprotein expression.zinc pyrithione (zpt) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agent; therefore, it is widely used in industry and civilian life. it is discharged into the aquatic environment with industrial and civilian waste water. carassius sp. is one of the most widely distributed and farmed fish in china. the effects of aquatic zpt on carassius sp. remain unknown. in this study, we determined the acute toxicity of zpt on carassius sp. the results showed that the median lethal concentration (lc50 96 ...201727387320
pharmacokinetics of sarafloxacin in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio.the pharmacokinetic properties of sarafloxacin were investigated after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp at 24-26 °c. the plasma concentrations of sarafloxacin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. after i.v. administration, the plasma concentration-time data were described by an open two-compartment model. the elimination half-life (t(1/2β)) was estimated to be 22.58 h. the volume o ...201626563280
goldfish (carassius auratus l.) as a model system to study the growth factors, receptors and transcription factors that govern myelopoiesis in fish.the process of myeloid cell development (myelopoiesis) in fish has mainly been studied in three cyprinid species: zebrafish (danio rerio), ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) and goldfish (c. auratus, l.). our studies on goldfish myelopoiesis have utilized in vitro generated primary kidney macrophage (pkm) cultures and isolated primary kidney neutrophils (pkns) cultured overnight to study the process of macrophage (monopoiesis) and neutrophil (granulopoiesis) development and the key gro ...201626546240
isolation, characterization, and tissue-specific expression of gaba a receptor α1 subunit gene of carassius auratus gibelio after avermectin treatment.carassius auratus gibelio has been widely cultivated in fish farms in china, with avermectin (avm) being used to prevent parasite infection. recently, avm was found to pass through the carassius auratus gibelio blood-brain barrier (bbb). although avm acts mainly through a gaba receptor and specifically the α1 subunit gene, the most common isoform of the gaba a receptor, which is widely expressed in brain neurons and has been studied in other fish, carassius auratus gibelio gaba a receptor α1 sub ...201626318443
anatomical features for the adequate choice of experimental animal models in biomedicine: i. fishes.fish constitute the oldest and most diverse class of vertebrates, and are widely used in basic research due to a number of advantages (e.g., rapid development ex-utero, large-scale genetic screening of human disease). they represent excellent experimental models for addressing studies on development, morphology, physiology and behavior function in other related species, as well as informative analysis of conservation and diversity. although less complex, fish share many anatomical and physiologi ...201626925824
evaluation of toxicity and genotoxicity of 2-chlorophenol on bacteria, fish and human cells.due to the extensive use of chlorophenols (cps) in anthropogenic activities, 2-chlorophenol (2-cp), among other cps, can enter aquatic ecosystems and can be harmful to a variety of organisms, including bacteria, fish and humans, that are exposed directly and/or indirectly to such contaminated environments. based on the existing knowledge and in order to move a step forward, the purpose of this study is to investigate the toxic and mainly the genotoxic effects of 2-cp using a combination of bioas ...201626897408
stimulatory effect of the secretogranin-ll derived peptide secretoneurin on food intake and locomotion in female goldfish (carassius auratus).secretoneurin (sn) is a conserved peptide derived by proteolytic processing from the middle domain of the ∼600 amino acid precursor secretogranin-ii (sgii). secretoneurin is widely distributed in secretory granules of endocrine cells and neurons and has important roles in reproduction as it stimulates luteinizing hormone release from the pituitary. a potential new role of sn in goldfish feeding is the subject of this study. firstly, we established that acute (26 h; p<0.0001) and short-term (72 h ...201626860475
responses of antioxidant defense system to polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pfdds) exposure in liver of freshwater fish carassius auratus.in this study, we evaluated the toxicity of ten polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pfdds) congeners to freshwater fish carassius auratus, by determining the antioxidative responses and lipid peroxidation in the liver after the fish were injected with two different concentrations (10 and 100 µmol/kg) of individual pfdds for 3 and 14 days. the results showed that oxidative stress was obviously induced in some pfdds-treated groups, as implied by the significantly inhibited antioxidants levels (supe ...201626761781
development of monoclonal antibodies against polar filaments and spore valves of myxobolus honghuensis (myxosporea: bivalvulida).myxobolus honghuensis infects the pharynx of allogynogenetic gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) and can cause high mortality. only morphology-based diagnostic methods are currently available for clinical samples, but these methods are laborious and have low efficiency of detection. to overcome this problem, we designed a more sensitive diagnostic method. two monoclonal antibodies (mabs 1c7 and 3b7) were prepared by immunizing mice with soluble protein from sonicated m. honghuensis spor ...201626758653
mitochondrial genetic variations of an introduced freshwater fish, goldfish carassius auratus at the frontier between europe and asia (western anatolia, turkey): proximity to europe rather than east asia?carassius auratus is one of the most significant ornamental and food fishes of the world that is globally distributed and well known. although it is known to have existed at least for six decades and expanding its distribution range in turkish waters, there is a dearth of information on genetic structure and variations of goldfish in turkey. in this study, four mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase ii, 12s ribosomal rna, and 16s ribosomal rna) were used to infer the genetic varia ...201625648924
corrigendum to "tributyltin disrupts feeding and energy metabolism in the goldfish (carassius auratus)" [chemosphere 152 (2016) 221-228]. 201627338654
neutrophil contributions to the induction and regulation of the acute inflammatory response in teleost fish.neutrophils are essential to the acute inflammatory response, where they serve as the first line of defense against infiltrating pathogens. we report that, on receiving the necessary signals, teleost (carassius auratus) neutrophils leave the hematopoietic kidney, enter into the circulation, and dominate the initial influx of cells into a site of inflammation. unlike mammals, teleost neutrophils represent <5% of circulating leukocytes during periods of homeostasis. however, this increases to near ...201626292979
linking eggs and adults of argulus spp. using mitochondrial dna barcodes.we have created barcode library for common argulus spp. infecting carassius auratus, which could also be used to identify premature forms of argulus spp. even by non-professionals. infected c. auratus was examined and purchased from ornamental fish-trading centers and the adult life stage of argulus spp. was identified and dna barcoded. the eggs of argulus spp. were collected using bottle implants. the collected eggs are barcoded and precisely identified by matching with the adult sequences. fou ...201625492543
carbon and silver nanoparticles in the fight against the filariasis vector culex quinquefasciatus: genotoxicity and impact on behavioral traits of non-target aquatic organisms.mosquito-borne diseases represent a deadly threat for millions of people worldwide. the culex genus, with special reference to culex quinquefasciatus, comprises the most common vectors of filariasis across urban and semi-urban areas of asia. in recent years, important efforts have been conducted to propose green-synthesized nanoparticles as a valuable alternative to synthetic insecticides. however, the mosquitocidal potential of carbon nanoparticles has been scarcely investigated. in this study, ...201626614358
effects of body chemical components on the allometric scaling of the resting metabolic rate in four species of cyprinids.metabolic scaling is hypothesized to be affected by ontogenetic changes in the body chemical composition because several body components do not consume significant amounts of oxygen but contribute more to body mass (m) as a fish grows. we tested this hypothesis by assessing the mass scaling of the resting metabolic rate (rmr) and body compositions of lipid, protein, ash, and water in four species of cyprinids, hypophthalmichthys molitrix (m range 9.5-218.3 g), cyprinus carpio (m range 14.6-226.9 ...201626407956
insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (igfbp-1) in goldfish, carassius auratus: molecular cloning, tissue expression, and mrna expression responses to periprandial changes and cadmium exposure.in this study, the cdna encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (igfbp-1) was cloned from the liver of goldfish (carassius auratus). the obtained goldfish igfbp-1 cdna sequence was 1037 bp in length and had an open reading frame of 789 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 262 amino acid residues. igfbp-1 transcript was detected in all tested central nervous and peripheral tissues. the relatively higher levels of igfbp-1 mrna were observed in the liver, gill, kidney, heart, spleen ...201626753895
genotoxicity of water contaminants from the basin of lake sevan, armenia evaluated by the comet assay in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) and tradescantia bioassays.combination of bioassays and chemical analysis was applied to determine the genotoxic/mutagenic contamination in four different sites of the basin of lake sevan in armenia. water genotoxicity was evaluated using the single cell gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay) in erythrocytes of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio), tradescantia micronucleus (trad-mcn) and tradescantia stamen hair mutation (trad-shm) assays. significant inter-site differences in the levels of water genotoxicity acco ...201626739952
mass spectrometry-assisted confirmation of the inability of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 to cleave goldfish peptide yy(1-36) and the lack of anorexigenic effects of peptide yy(3-36) in goldfish (carassius auratus).dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (dpp4) is a serine protease of great interest because it has been shown to modulate the activity of several peptidergic factors including peptide yy (pyy) and glucagon-like peptide-1/2. while pyy(1-36) is orexigenic in mammals, pyy(3-36) recently garnered interest as a potent anorexigen. in silico phylogenetic analysis found that the dpp4 cleavage sites are absent in fish pyy sequences. however, no studies were conducted to show that indeed pyy(3-36) is not produced by dpp ...201626676513
comparative proteomic, physiological, morphological, and biochemical analyses reveal the characteristics of the diploid spermatozoa of allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio).the generation of diploid spermatozoa is essential for the continuity of tetraploid lineages. the dna content of diploid spermatozoa from allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp and common carp was nearly twice as great as that of haploid spermatozoa from common carp, and the durations of rapid and slow progressive motility were longer. we performed comparative proteomic analyses to measure variations in protein composition between diploid and haploid spermatozoa. using two-dimensional electr ...201626674567
bioconcentration, metabolism and effects of diphenhydramine on behavioral and biochemical markers in crucian carp (carassius auratus).diphenhydramine (dph), an antihistamine used to alleviate human allergies, is widespread in aquatic environments. however, little is known about the biochemical and behavioral effects of dph on non-target aquatic animals. in the present study, the tissue distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism, biochemical and behavioral effects were investigated in crucian carp (carassius auratus) exposed to various concentrations of dph (0.84, 4.23, 21.7 and 112 μg l(-1)) for 7d. dph can accumulate in cruci ...201626657385
antioxidant defenses and histological changes in carassius auratus after combined exposure to zinc and three multi-walled carbon nanotubes.with the increasing applications of carbon nanotubes (cnts) worldwide, considerable concerns have been raised regarding their inevitable releases into natural waters and ecotoxicity. it was supposed that cnts may interact with some existing pollutants like zinc in aquatic systems and exhibit different effects when compared with their single treatments. however, data on their possible combined toxicity on aquatic species are still lacking. moreover, the interactions of zn with different functiona ...201626655435
in silico prediction and in vivo analysis of antiestrogenic potential of 2-isopropylthioxanthone (2-itx) in juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus).previous studies have shown both anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities of 2-isopropylthioxanthone (2-itx), a well known food contaminant, in in vitro assays. however, no data are available on the anti-estrogenic potentials and risks of 2-itx in aquatic organisms. this work evaluated the potential endocrine disrupting effects of 2-itx at the level of estrogen receptor (er) signaling cascade using juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus) as model. firstly, we investigated the ligand binding ...201627454205
morphological and molecular characterization of myxobolus sheyangensis n. sp. (myxosporea: myxobolidae) with intralamellar sporulation in allogynogenetic gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) in china.allogynogenetic gibel carp is one of the most important freshwater cultured species in china. however, myxosporidiosis represents a severe threat to prevent the sustainable development of aquaculture of this species. during the investigation of myxosporean diversity of reared allogynogenetic gibel carp in east china, a new myxosporean with typical characteristics of myxobolus was found from 169 out of 210 (80.4 %) examined samples, designated as myxobolus sheyangensis n. sp. by combing comparati ...201627225002
collective epithelial cell sheet adhesion and migration on polyelectrolyte multilayers with uniform and gradients of compliance.polyelectrolyte multilayers (pemus) are tunable thin films that could serve as coatings for biomedical implants. pemus built layer by layer with the polyanion poly(acrylic acid) (paa) modified with a photosensitive 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy) benzophenone (paabp) group and the polycation poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (pah) are mechanically tunable by uv irradiation, which forms covalent bonds between the layers and increases pemu stiffness. pah-terminated pemus (pah-pemus) that were uncrosslinked, uv-c ...201627292313
multibiomarker toxicity characterization of uranium mine drainages to the fish carassius auratus.the release of acidic effluents, naturally enriched in metals and radionuclides, is the main legacy of uranium mines. generally, metals dissolved by these acidic effluents can cause significant alterations in exposed organisms, with distinct toxicological outcomes. in this study, 72 individuals of the freshwater fish species carassius auratus were exposed in situ for different periods (8, 16, 24, and 48 h) to water from a pond (treatment pond (tp)) with a chemically treated effluent and a refere ...201627023822
sialoglycoprotein isolated from eggs of carassius auratus ameliorates osteoporosis: an effect associated with regulation of the wnt/β-catenin pathway in rodents.in the current study, ovariectomized (ovx) rats and the senescence-accelerated mouse strain p6 (samp6) were employed to establish models of postmenopausal osteoporosis and senile osteoporosis, respectively. the effects of treatment with sialoglycoprotein isolated from the eggs of carassius auratus (ca-sgp) on these two types of osteoporosis were investigated in vivo. results showed that ca-sgp significantly increased bone mineral density, ameliorated trabecular bone microstructure, and improved ...201627023001
functional characterization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (asc) of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).quantitative expression analysis of goldfish asc indicated the highest and lowest mrna levels in spleen and muscle, respectively. the asc was differentially expressed in normal goldfish tissues and different immune cell populations. the highest asc mrna levels were observed in the spleen and macrophages. we generated a recombinant form of the molecule (rgfasc) and an anti-asc igg antibody, and report that treatment of goldfish macrophages with nigericin, an inducer of inflammasome pathway, up-re ...201627451255
the oxidative stress in the liver of carassius auratus exposed to acesulfame and its uv irradiance products.acesulfame (ace) is listed as an emerging contaminant due to its environmental persistence and wide occurrence in the environment. ace can be degraded partially in the regular uv disinfection process but the eco-toxicity of its irradiation products remains unclear. this study focused on the possible oxidative status change in the liver of carassius auratus exposed to ace and its irradiation products. the uv degradation of ace follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, and eight irradiation products we ...201627443459
multistress effects on goldfish (carassius auratus) behavior and metabolism.crossed effects between climate change and chemical pollutions were identified on community structure and ecosystem functioning. temperature rising affects the toxic properties of pollutants and the sensitiveness of organisms to chemicals stress. inversely, chemical exposure may decrease the capacity of organisms to respond to environmental changes. the aim of our study was to assess the individual and crossed effects of temperature rising and pesticide contamination on fish. goldfish, carassius ...201626272290
tributyltin disrupts feeding and energy metabolism in the goldfish (carassius auratus).tributyltin (tbt) can induce obesogen response. however, little is known about the adverse effects of tbt on food intake and energy metabolism. the present study was designed to investigate the effects of tbt, at environmental concentrations of 2.44 and 24.4 ng/l (1 and 10 ng/l as sn), on feeding and energy metabolism in goldfish (carassius auratus). after exposure for 54 d, tbt increased the weight gain and food intake in fish. the patterns of brain neuropeptide genes expression were in line wi ...201626971175
effects of melatonin injection or green-wavelength led light on the antioxidant system in goldfish (carassius auratus) during thermal stress.we tested the mitigating effects of melatonin injections or irradiation from green-wavelength light-emitting diodes (leds) on goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to thermal stress (high water temperature, 30 °c). the effects of the two treatments were assessed by measuring the expression and activity levels of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, plasma hydrogen peroxide, lipid hydroperoxide, and lysozyme. in addition, a comet assay was conducted to confirm that high wate ...201626965749
cryopreservation of goldfish (carassius auratus) spermatozoa: effects of extender supplemented with taurine on sperm motility and dna damage.amino acids, present in seminal plasma at high concentration, protect spermatozoa against cell damage during cryopreservation.201626964024
thyroid disruption in male goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to leachate from a municipal waste treatment plant: assessment combining chemical analysis and in vivo bioassay.several classes of thyroid-disrupting chemicals (tdcs) have been found in refuse leachate, but the potential impacts of leachate on the thyroid cascade of aquatic organisms are yet not known. in this study, we chemically analyzed frequently reported tdcs, as well as conducted a bioassay, to evaluate the potential thyroid-disrupting effects of leachate. we used radioimmunoassay to determine the effects of leachate exposure on plasma 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3), 3,3',5,5'-l-thyroxine (t4), and ...201626950620
the effects of galactooligosaccharide on systemic and mucosal immune response, growth performance and appetite related gene transcript in goldfish (carassius auratus gibelio).the present study investigates the effects of supplementation of goldfish (carassius auratus gibelio) diet with galactooligosaccharide (gos) on serum immune response, mucosal immune parameters as well as appetite-related (ghrelin) and immune-related (tnf-1α and tnf-2α) genes expression. one hundred and eighty fish with an average weight of 4.88 ± 0.28 g were stocked in twelve 500-l fiberglass tank assigned to four treatments repeated in triplicates. fish were fed on experimental diets contain 0. ...201627311434
oxidative stress responses in gills of goldfish, carassius auratus, exposed to the metribuzin-containing herbicide sencor.metribuzin belongs to the family of asymmetrical triazine compounds and is an active ingredient in many commercial herbicides including sencor. effects on goldfish (carassius auratus l.) of exposure for 96h to 7.14, 35.7 or 71.4mgl(-1) sencor 70 wg (corresponding to 5, 25 and 50mgl(-1) of metribuzin) were examined by evaluating oxidative stress markers and activities of antioxidant and associated enzymes in gills. fish exposed to the lowest sencor concentration (7.14mgl(-1)) showed a 94% increas ...201627310208
evidence that ghrelin may be associated with the food intake of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio).ghrelin, a non-amidated peptide hormone, is a potent anorectic neuropeptide implicated in feeding regulation in mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates. however, the involvement of ghrelin in the feeding behavior of teleosts has not been well understood. to better understand the role of ghrelin in the regulation of appetite in fish, in this study, we cloned the cdnas encoding ghrelin and investigated their mrna distributions in gibel carp tissues. we also assessed the effects of different nutritio ...201627287038
cobalt chloride treatment used to ablate the lateral line system also impairs the olfactory system in three freshwater fishes.fishes use multimodal signals during both inter- and intra-sexual displays to convey information about their sex, reproductive state, and social status. these complex behavioral displays can include visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and hydrodynamic signals, and the relative role of each sensory channel in these complex multi-sensory interactions is a common focus of neuroethology. the mechanosensory lateral line system of fishes detects near-body water movements and is implicated in a varie ...201627416112
complete mitochondrial dna genome of triploid pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus).the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of triploid pengze crucian carp was 16,580 bp in length. the mitochondrial genome contains 22 transfer rnas, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rnas and 2 non-coding regions (control region and origin of light-strand replication). all genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for nd6 and eight trna genes. the overall base composition is a 31.53%, t 26.23%, g 16.15%, c 26.09%, with an a + t bias of 57.76%. the complete mtdna sequence of the geograp ...201625231717
complete mitochondrial dna genome of tetraploid carassius auratus gibelio.the complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced from the tetraploid carassius auratus gibelio in this study. the genome sequence was 16,576 bp in length. the mitochondrial genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rnas, 22 transfer rnas, and 2 non-coding regions (control region and origin of light-strand replication). all genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for nd6 and eight trna genes. the overall base composition is 31.61% a, 25.81% t, 26.62% g, 15.96% c, with an a+t bias ...201625208178
modulation of 17β-estradiol induced estrogenic responses in male goldfish (carassius auratus) by benzo[a]pyrene and ketoconazole.the aquatic environment is challenged with complex mixtures of chemicals that may interact biochemically with each other in non-target aquatic organisms through a combination of actions, resulting in unpredictable mixture toxicity. this study focuses on the interactive effects of chemicals, including benzo(a)pyrene (bap) and ketoconazole (kcz), on 17β-estradiol (e2)-induced estrogenic responses in male goldfish (carassius auratus). the possible interactions between bap or kcz and e2 were investi ...201626825522
isolation and characterization of hematopoietic stem cells in teleost fish.despite 400 million years of evolutionary divergence, hematopoiesis is highly conserved between mammals and teleost fish. all types of mature blood cells including the erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid lineages show a high degree of similarity to their mammalian counterparts at the morphological and molecular level. hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) are cells that are capable of self-renewal and differentiating into all hematopoietic lineages over the lifetime of an organism. the study of hscs has ...201626801099
interactive effects of selected pharmaceutical mixtures on bioaccumulation and biochemical status in crucian carp (carassius auratus).the aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of fluoxetine (flu), roxithromycin (rox) and propranolol (prp) on the bioaccumulation and biochemical responses in the crucian carp carassius auratus. after 7 days of binary exposure (rox + flu and prp + flu), the addition of waterborne flu at nominal concentrations of 4, 20 and 100 μg l(-1) significantly increased the accumulation of rox and prp in fish livers in most cases, although elevated rox and prp bioaccumulation levels were n ...201626800487
solution structure of the z-dna binding domain of pkr-like protein kinase from carassius auratus and quantitative analyses of the intermediate complex during b-z transition.z-dna binding proteins (zbps) play important roles in rna editing, innate immune response and viral infection. structural and biophysical studies show that zbps initially form an intermediate complex with b-dna for b-z conversion. however, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of z-dna binding and b-z transition is still lacking, due to the absence of structural information on the intermediate complex. here, we report the solution structure of the zα domain of the zbp-containing protein ...201626792893
sialoglycoproteins prepared from the eggs of carassius auratus prevent bone loss by inhibiting the nf-κb pathway in ovariectomized rats.in this study, we investigated the improvement of osteoporosis by sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of carassius auratus (ca-sgp) in ovariectomized rats. ca-sgp was supplemented to ovariectomized sprague-dawley rats for 90 days. the results showed that ca-sgp treatment remarkably prevented the reduction of bone mass, improved cancellous bone structure and biochemical properties. ca-sgp also significantly decreased the serum contents of trap, cath-k, mmp-9, dpd, ctx-1, ca, and p. mechanis ...201626765587
the satiety factor oleoylethanolamide impacts hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in goldfish.oleoylethanolamide (oea) is an acylethanolamide synthesized mainly in the gastrointestinal tract with known effects in mammals on food intake and body mass through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type α (pparα). since we previously demonstrated that acute treatment with oea in goldfish resulted in decreased food intake and locomotor activity, as in mammals, we hypothesize that oea would be involved in the control of energy metabolism in fish. therefore, we assessed the e ...201627277972
tissue-specific expression of ghrelinergic and nucb2/nesfatin-1 systems in goldfish (carassius auratus) is modulated by macronutrient composition of diets.the macronutrient composition of diets is a very important factor in the regulation of body weight and metabolism. several lines of research in mammals have shown that macronutrients differentially regulate metabolic hormones, including ghrelin and nesfatin-1 that have opposing effects on energy balance. this study aimed to determine whether macronutrients modulate the expression of ghrelin and the nucleobindin-2 (nucb2) encoded nesfatin-1 in goldfish (carassius auratus). fish were fed once dail ...201626805937
estradiol and testosterone modulate the tissue-specific expression of ghrelin, ghs-r, goat and nucb2 in goldfish.ghrelin, and nesfatin-1 (encoded by nucleobindin2/nucb2) are two metabolic peptides with multiple biological effects in vertebrates. while sex steroids are known to regulate endogenous ghrelin and nucb2 in mammals, such actions by steroids in fish remain unknown. this study aimed to determine whether estradiol (e2) and testosterone (t) affects the expression of preproghrelin, ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghs-r), ghrelin o-acyl transferase (goat) and nucb2 in goldfish (carassius ...201626773340
identification, cdna cloning, and characterization of luteinizing hormone beta subunit (lhb) gene in catla catla.reproductive hormones play a significant role in the gonadal development and gametogenesis process of animals. in the present study luteinizing hormone beta, (lhb) subunit gene was cloned and characterized from the brain of catla catla. the lhb full-length of cdna sequence is 629 bp which consists of 43bp 5'-utr (untranslated region) 447bp, orf(open reading frame) and 139 bp of 3'-utr respectively. the coding region of lhb gene encoded a peptide of 148 amino acids. the coding sequence of lhb gen ...201626980432
effects of light-emitting diode spectra on the vertebrate ancient long opsin and gonadotropin hormone in the goldfish carassius auratus.we determined the molecular mechanism underlying the environmental (photoperiodic) regulation of sexual maturation in fish, we examined the expression of sexual maturation-related hormones and vertebrate ancient long opsin (val-opsin) in goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to different light spectra (red and green light-emitting diodes). we further evaluated the effect of exogenous gonadotropin hormone (gth) on the expression of val-opsin under different light conditions. our results demonstrat ...201627255995
mechanosensory lateral line nerve projections to auditory neurons in the dorsal descending octaval nucleus in the goldfish, carassius auratus.the nucleus medialis is the main first-order target of the mechanosensory lateral line (ll) system. this report definitively demonstrates that mechanosensory ll inputs also terminate in the ipsilateral dorsal portion of the descending octaval nucleus (ddo) in the goldfish. the ddo, which is the main first-order auditory nucleus in bony fishes, includes neurons that receive direct input from the otolithic end organs of the inner ear and project to the auditory midbrain. there are two groups of su ...201627532270
kidney activity increases in copper exposed goldfish (carassius auratus auratus).in the present study, the effect of copper was examined in the common goldfish (carassius auratus auratus). fish were fasted and exposed to either a high (0.84μm), a low (0.34μm) or a control copper concentration (0.05μm) for 1 and 7days. swimming performance was not affected by either fasting or copper exposure. food deprivation alone had no effect on ionoregulation, but low plasma osmolality levels and plasma na(+) were noticed in fasted fish exposed to cu for 7days. both gill na(+)/k(+)-atpas ...201627521798
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