Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| an algal diet accelerates larval growth of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae). | the population sizes of anopheles gambiae giles (diptera: culicidae) and anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) increase dramatically with the onset of the rainy season in sub-saharan africa, but the ecological mechanisms underlying the increases are not well understood. as a first step toward to understand, we investigated the proliferation of algae, the major food of mosquito larvae, in artificial fresh water bodies exposed to sunlight for a short period, and old water bodies exposed ... | 2018 | 29365176 |
| emerging pyrethroid resistance among anopheles arabiensis in kenya. | vector control programs, particularly in the form of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns), are essential for achieving malaria elimination goals. recent reports of increasing knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation frequencies for anopheles arabiensis in western kenya heightens the concern on the future effectiveness of itns in kenya. we examined resistance in an. arabiensis populations across kenya through kdr mutations and world health organization-recommended bioassays. we detected two kdr alleles ... | 2018 | 29363447 |
| evaluating efficacy of landsat-derived environmental covariates for predicting malaria distribution in rural villages of vhembe district, south africa. | malaria in south africa is still a problem despite existing efforts to eradicate the disease. in the vhembe district municipality, malaria prevalence is still high, with a mean incidence rate of 328.2 per 100,0000 persons/year. this study aimed at evaluating environmental covariates, such as vegetation moisture and vegetation greenness, associated with malaria vector distribution for better predictability towards rapid and efficient disease management and control. the 2005 malaria incidence data ... | 2018 | 29330677 |
| status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in kwale county, coastal kenya. | the strategy for malaria vector control in the context of reducing malaria morbidity and mortality has been the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets to universal coverage and indoor residual spraying. this has led to significant decline in malaria transmission. however, these vector control strategies rely on insecticides which are threatened by insecticide resistance. in this study the status of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors and it's implication in malaria transmission at the k ... | 2018 | 29304805 |
| the relative contribution of symptomatic and asymptomatic plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infections to the infectious reservoir in a low-endemic setting in ethiopia. | the majority of p. vivax and p. falciparum infections in low-endemic settings are asymptomatic. the relative contribution to the infectious reservoir of these infections, often of low-parasite-density, compared to clinical malaria cases, is currently unknown but important for malaria elimination strategies. | 2018 | 29304258 |
| modeling host-seeking behavior of african malaria vector mosquitoes in the presence of long-lasting insecticidal nets. | the efficiency of spatial repellents and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) is a key research topic in malaria control. insecticidal nets reduce the mosquito-human contact rate and simultaneously decrease mosquito populations. however, llins demonstrate dissimilar efficiency against different species of malaria mosquitoes. various factors have been proposed as an explanation, including differences in insecticide-induced mortality, flight characteristics, or persistence of attack. here ... | 2018 | 29031707 |
| population dynamics and plasmodium falciparum (haemosporida: plasmodiidae) infectivity rates for the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) at mamfene, kwazulu-natal, south africa. | anopheles arabiensis (patton; diptera: culicidae) is a major malaria vector in the southern african region. in south africa, effective control of this species using indoor-based interventions is reduced owing to its tendency to rest outdoors. as south africa moves towards malaria elimination there is a need for complementary vector control strategies. one of the methods under consideration is the use of the sterile insect technique (sit). key to the successful implementation of an sit programme ... | 2017 | 28968846 |
| the influence of age on insecticide susceptibility of anopheles arabiensis during dry and rainy seasons in rice irrigation schemes of northern tanzania. | insecticide resistance is the major emerging challenge facing the malaria vector control programmes in tanzania. proper monitoring and detection is of paramount importance guiding the vector control programmes. this paper presents the effect of mosquito aging on insecticide resistance status in anopheles arabiensis populations in dry and rainy seasons in northern tanzania. | 2017 | 28893240 |
| composition of anopheles mosquitoes, their blood-meal hosts, and plasmodium falciparum infection rates in three islands with disparate bed net coverage in lake victoria, kenya. | small islands serve as potential malaria reservoirs through which new infections might come to the mainland and may be important targets in malaria elimination efforts. this study investigated malaria vector species diversity, blood-meal hosts, plasmodium infection rates, and long-lasting insecticidal net (llin) coverage on mageta, magare and ngodhe islands of lake victoria in western kenya, a region where extensive vector control is implemented on the mainland. | 2017 | 28886724 |
| does mosquito mass-rearing produce an inferior mosquito? | the success of the sterile insect technique depends, among other things, on continuous releases of sexually competitive sterile males within the target area. several factors (including high rearing density and physical manipulation, such as larvae and pupae separation) can influence the quality of males produced in mass-rearing facilities. the different steps in mass production in the laboratory may modify the behaviour of mosquitoes, directly or through loss of natural characters as a result of ... | 2017 | 28882146 |
| larvicidal effect of endod (phytolacca dodecandra) seed products against anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) in ethiopia. | the purpose of the present study was to determine the larvicidal effect of 'endod' (phytolacca dodecandra) seed products on anopheles arabiensis, in ethiopia. | 2017 | 28877762 |
| mapping insecticide resistance and characterization of resistance mechanisms in anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) in ethiopia. | the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance in the major african malaria vectors anopheles gambiae (s.s.) and an. arabiensis may compromise the current vector control interventions and threatens the global malaria control and elimination efforts. | 2017 | 28865490 |
| development of a genetic sexing strain of anopheles arabiensis for kwazulu-natal, south africa. | an efficient sexing system is important for the release of sterile males for any control programme using the sterile insect technique. this study describes the development and characterization of a new genetic sexing strain from south africa (gmk), needed for the planned implementation of such a programme in northern kwazulu-natal province. the base colony used was a locally modified laboratory strain of anopheles arabiensis containing a sex-linked gene conferring dieldrin resistance to male mos ... | 2017 | 28846145 |
| 2-butanone as a carbon dioxide mimic in attractant blends for the afrotropical malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. | most odour baits designed to attract host-seeking mosquitoes contain carbon dioxide (co2), which enhances trap catches, given its role as a mosquito flight activator. however, the use of co2 is expensive and logistically demanding for prolonged area-wide use. | 2017 | 28836977 |
| 'repel all biters': an enhanced collection of endophilic anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in cdc light-traps, from the kagera region of tanzania, in the presence of a combination mosquito net impregnated with piperonyl butoxide and permethrin. | mosquito nets containing synergists designed to overcome metabolic resistance mechanisms in vectors have been developed. these may enhance excitability in the mosquitoes and affect how they respond to cdc light-traps. investigating the behaviour of vectors of disease in relation to novel mosquito nets is, therefore, essential for the design of sampling and surveillance systems. | 2017 | 28810872 |
| the development of an ivermectin-based attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb) to target anopheles arabiensis. | an increasing number of countries in sub-saharan africa are moving towards malaria-elimination, mostly thanks to successful vector control campaigns. however, elimination has proven challenging, resulting in the persistence of malaria transmission. it is now accepted that in order to eliminate malaria, new complementary vector control approaches must be developed. this study describes the development of a sugar-baited resting place containing a toxic dose of ivermectin for the control of anophel ... | 2017 | 28810866 |
| the implementation of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets has differential effects on the genetic structure of the african malaria vectors in the anopheles gambiae complex in dielmo, senegal. | mosquitoes belonging to the anopheles gambiae complex are the main vectors of malaria in sub-saharan africa. among these, an. gambiae, anopheles coluzzii and anopheles arabiensis are the most efficient vectors and are largely distributed in sympatric locations. however, these species present ecological and behavioural differences that impact their vectorial capacity and complicate vector-control efforts, mainly based on long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs ... | 2017 | 28810861 |
| eave tubes for malaria control in africa: prototyping and evaluation against anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis under semi-field conditions in western kenya. | whilst significant progress has been made in the fight against malaria, vector control continues to rely on just two insecticidal methods, i.e., indoor residual spraying and insecticidal bed nets. house improvement shows great potential to complement these methods and may further reduce indoor mosquito biting and disease transmission. open eaves serve as important mosquito house entry points and provide a suitable location for intercepting host-seeking anophelines. this study describes semi-fiel ... | 2017 | 28778169 |
| explaining variation in adult anopheles indoor resting abundance: the relative effects of larval habitat proximity and insecticide-treated bed net use. | spatial determinants of malaria risk within communities are associated with heterogeneity of exposure to vector mosquitoes. the abundance of adult malaria vectors inside people's houses, where most transmission takes place, should be associated with several factors: proximity of houses to larval habitats, structural characteristics of houses, indoor use of vector control tools containing insecticides, and human behavioural and environmental factors in and near houses. while most previous studies ... | 2017 | 28716087 |
| the effects of ingestion of hormonal host factors on the longevity and insecticide resistance phenotype of the major malaria vector anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae). | exogenous vertebrate-derived factors circulating in the blood have the capacity to modulate the biology of haematophagous insects. these include insulin, insulin growth factor 1 (igf) and transforming growth factor β1 (tgfβ). the effects of the consumption of these three proteins were examined on laboratory strains of anopheles arabiensis. senn, an insecticide susceptible strain and senn ddt, a resistant strain selected from senn, were fed with host factor-supplemented sucrose. adult longevity w ... | 2017 | 28700639 |
| host-seeking activity of a tanzanian population of anopheles arabiensis at an insecticide treated bed net. | understanding how mosquitoes respond to long lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) is fundamental to sustaining the effectiveness of this essential control tool. we report on studies with a tracking system to investigate behaviour of wild anophelines at an llin, in an experimental hut at a rural site in mwanza, tanzania. | 2017 | 28676092 |
| community perceptions on outdoor malaria transmission in kilombero valley, southern tanzania. | the extensive use of indoor residual spraying (irs) and insecticide-treated nets (itns) in africa has contributed to a significant reduction in malaria transmission. even so, residual malaria transmission persists in many regions, partly driven by mosquitoes that bite people outdoors. in areas where anopheles gambiae s.s. is a dominant vector, most interventions target the reduction of indoor transmission. the increased use of itns/llins and irs has led to the decline of this species. as a resul ... | 2017 | 28676051 |
| variation in host preferences of malaria mosquitoes is mediated by skin bacterial volatiles. | the host preferences of the anthropophilic mosquito species in the anopheles gambiae complex (diptera: culicidae) are mediated by skin bacterial volatiles. however, it is not known whether these mosquitoes respond differentially to skin bacterial volatiles from non-human host species. in this study, the responses of two malaria mosquito species in the an. gambiae complex, anopheles gambiae s.s. (hereafter, an. gambiae) and anopheles arabiensis, with different host preferences, to volatiles relea ... | 2017 | 28639690 |
| going beyond personal protection against mosquito bites to eliminate malaria transmission: population suppression of malaria vectors that exploit both human and animal blood. | protecting individuals and households against mosquito bites with long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) or indoor residual spraying (irs) can suppress entire populations of unusually efficient malaria vector species that predominantly feed indoors on humans. mosquitoes which usually feed on animals are less reliant on human blood, so they are far less vulnerable to population suppression effects of such human-targeted insecticidal measures. fortunately, the dozens of mosquito species which prim ... | 2017 | 28589015 |
| ivermectin-treated cattle reduces blood digestion, egg production and survival of a free-living population of anopheles arabiensis under semi-field condition in south-eastern tanzania. | anopheles arabiensis feed on cattle and contributes to residual transmission of malaria in areas with high coverage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying in east africa. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of ivermectin-treated cattle as a complementary vector control tool against population of an. arabiensis under the semi-field conditions in south-eastern tanzania. | 2017 | 28587669 |
| interventions that effectively target anopheles funestus mosquitoes could significantly improve control of persistent malaria transmission in south-eastern tanzania. | malaria is transmitted by many anopheles species whose proportionate contributions vary across settings. we re-assessed the roles of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus, and examined potential benefits of species-specific interventions in an area in south-eastern tanzania, where malaria transmission persists, four years after mass distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins). monthly mosquito sampling was done in randomly selected households in three villages using cdc l ... | 2017 | 28542335 |
| efficacy and user acceptability of transfluthrin-treated sisal and hessian decorations for protecting against mosquito bites in outdoor bars. | a number of mosquito vectors bite and rest outdoors, which contributes to sustained residual malaria transmission in endemic areas. spatial repellents are thought to create a protective "bubble" within which mosquito bites are reduced and may be ideal for outdoor use. this study builds on previous studies that proved efficacy of transfluthrin-treated hessian strips against outdoor biting mosquitoes. the goal of this study was to modify strips into practical, attractive and acceptable transfluthr ... | 2017 | 28427437 |
| control of malaria vector mosquitoes by insecticide-treated combinations of window screens and eave baffles. | we assessed window screens and eave baffles (wsebs), which enable mosquitoes to enter but not exit houses, as an alternative to indoor residual spraying (irs) for malaria vector control. wsebs treated with water, the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin, or the organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl, with and without a binding agent for increasing insecticide persistence on netting, were compared with irs in experimental huts. compared with irs containing the same insecticide, wsebs killed similar proportio ... | 2017 | 28418299 |
| photoperiodic responses of sahelian malaria mosquitoes anopheles coluzzii and an. arabiensis. | throughout large parts of sub-saharan africa, seasonal malaria transmission follows mosquito density, approaching zero during the dry season and peaking during the wet season. the mechanisms by which malaria mosquitoes survive the long dry season, when no larval sites are available remain largely unknown, despite being long recognized as a critical target for vector control. previous work in the west african sahel has led to the hypothesis that anopheles coluzzii (formerly m-form anopheles gambi ... | 2017 | 29282150 |
| cost-effective larval diet mixtures for mass rearing of anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae). | larval nutrition, particularly diet quality, is a key driver in providing sufficient numbers of high quality mosquitoes for biological control strategies such as the sterile insect technique. the diet currently available to mass rear anopheles arabiensis, referred here to as the "iaea diet", is facing high costs and difficulties concerning the availability of the bovine liver powder component. to promote more affordable and sustainable mosquito production, the present study aimed to find alterna ... | 2017 | 29273056 |
| impact of insecticide resistance in anopheles arabiensis on malaria incidence and prevalence in sudan and the costs of mitigation. | insecticide-based interventions have contributed to ∼78% of the reduction in the malaria burden in sub-saharan africa since 2000. insecticide resistance in malaria vectors could presage a catastrophic rebound in disease incidence and mortality. a major impediment to the implementation of insecticide resistance management strategies is that evidence of the impact of resistance on malaria disease burden is limited. a cluster randomized trial was conducted in sudan with pyrethroid-resistant and car ... | 2017 | 29229808 |
| new evidence of mating swarms of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis in tanzania. | background: malaria mosquitoes form mating swarms around sunset, often at the same locations for months or years. unfortunately, studies of anopheles swarms are rare in east africa, the last recorded field observations in tanzania having been in 1983. methods: mosquito swarms were surveyed by trained volunteers between august-2016 and june-2017 in ulanga district, tanzania. identified anopheles swarms were sampled using sweep nets, and collected mosquitoes killed by refrigeration then identified ... | 2017 | 29184918 |
| determination of the residual efficacy of carbamate and organophosphate insecticides used for indoor residual spraying for malaria control in ethiopia. | indoor residual spraying is one of the key vector control interventions for malaria control in ethiopia. as malaria transmission is seasonal in most parts of ethiopia, a single round of spraying can usually provide effective protection against malaria, provided the insecticide remains effective over the entire malaria transmission season. this experiment was designed to evaluate the residual efficacy of bendiocarb, pirimiphos-methyl, and two doses of propoxur on four different wall surfaces (rou ... | 2017 | 29162113 |
| zooprophylaxis as a control strategy for malaria caused by the vector anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae): a systematic review. | zooprophylaxis is the use of wild or domestic animals, which are not the reservoir host of a given disease, to divert the blood-seeking malaria vectors from human hosts. in this paper, we systematically reviewed zooprophylaxis to assess its efficacy as a malaria control strategy and to evaluate the possible methods of its application. | 2017 | 29157310 |
| dissecting functional components of reproductive isolation among closely related sympatric species of the anopheles gambiae complex. | explaining how and why reproductive isolation evolves and determining which forms of reproductive isolation have the largest impact on the process of population divergence are major goals in the study of speciation. by studying recent adaptive radiations in incompletely isolated taxa, it is possible to identify barriers involved at early divergence before other confounding barriers emerge after speciation is complete. sibling species of the anopheles gambiae complex offer opportunities to provid ... | 2017 | 29151864 |
| insecticide resistance in anopheles arabiensis from ethiopia (2012-2016): a nationwide study for insecticide resistance monitoring. | indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) remain the cornerstones of malaria vector control. however, the development of insecticide resistance and its implications for operational failure of preventative strategies are of concern. the aim of this study was to characterize insecticide resistance among anopheles arabiensis populations in ethiopia and describe temporal and spatial patterns of resistance between 2012 and 2016. | 2017 | 29151024 |
| indoor and outdoor malaria vector surveillance in western kenya: implications for better understanding of residual transmission. | the widespread use of indoor-based malaria vector control interventions has been shown to alter the behaviour of vectors in africa. there is an increasing concern that such changes could sustain residual transmission. this study was conducted to assess vector species composition, feeding behaviour and their contribution to indoor and outdoor malaria transmission in western kenya. | 2017 | 29110670 |
| multiple insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae from tanzania: a major concern for malaria vector control. | malaria vector control in tanzania is based on use of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs), which both rely on the use of chemical insecticides. the effectiveness of these control tools is endangered by the development of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vectors. this study was carried out to monitor the susceptibility status of major malaria vectors to insecticides used for irs and llins in mainland tanzania. | 2017 | 29084560 |
| semi-field assessment of the bg-malaria trap for monitoring the african malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis. | odour-baited technologies are increasingly considered for effective monitoring of mosquito populations and for the evaluation of vector control interventions. the bg-malaria trap (bgm), which is an upside-down variant of the widely used bg-sentinel trap (bgs), has been demonstrated to be effective to sample the brazilian malaria vector, anopheles darlingi. we evaluated the bgm as an improved method for sampling the african malaria vectors, anopheles arabiensis. experiments were conducted inside ... | 2017 | 29045484 |
| a low technology emanator treated with the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin confers long term protection against outdoor biting vectors of lymphatic filariasis, arboviruses and malaria. | the vapor phase of the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin incapacitates mosquitoes and prevents them from feeding. although existing emanator products for delivering volatile pyrethroids protect against outdoor mosquito bites, they are too short-lived to be practical or affordable for routine use in low-income settings. new transfluthrin emanators, comprised simply of treated hessian fabric strips, have recently proven highly protective against outdoor-biting vectors of lymphatic filariasis, arbo ... | 2017 | 28388682 |
| effect of ionising (gamma) radiation on female anopheles arabiensis. | in a mosquito sterile insect technique programme the ideal scenario is to release male mosquitoes only. however, because there are currently no sex separation strategies which guarantee total female elimination, this study investigated the effect of irradiation on physiological and reproductive fitness of females of an anopheles arabiensis genetic sexing strain. | 2017 | 28371834 |
| reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration for recovery and reuse of larval rearing water in anopheles arabiensis mass production: effect of water quality on larval development and fitness of emerging adults. | countries around the world are showing increased interest in applying the sterile insect technique against mosquito disease vectors. many countries in which mosquitoes are endemic, and so where vector control using the sterile insect technique may be considered, are located in arid zones where water provision can be costly or unreliable. water reuse provides an alternate form of water supply. in order to reduce the cost of mass rearing of anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes, the possibility of recyc ... | 2017 | 28257813 |
| bites before and after bedtime can carry a high risk of human malaria infection. | understanding biting distribution of potentially infectious (parous) mosquitoes at various hours of the night would be useful in establishing the likely impact of bed nets on malaria transmission. bed nets are highly effective at preventing biting by older malaria vectors, which occurs when most people are in bed. however, this behaviour is likely to vary across ecological settings and among mosquito populations. | 2017 | 28241888 |
| geographical distributions of african malaria vector sibling species and evidence for insecticide resistance. | many of the mosquito species responsible for malaria transmission belong to a sibling complex; a taxonomic group of morphologically identical, closely related species. sibling species often differ in several important factors that have the potential to impact malaria control, including their geographical distribution, resistance to insecticides, biting and resting locations, and host preference. the aim of this study was to define the geographical distributions of dominant malaria vector sibling ... | 2017 | 28219387 |
| the effect of elevated temperatures on the life history and insecticide resistance phenotype of the major malaria vector anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae). | temperature plays a crucial role in the life history of insects. recent climate change research has highlighted the importance of elevated temperature on malaria vector distribution. this study aims to examine the role of elevated temperatures on epidemiologically important life-history traits in the major malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis. specifically, the differential effects of temperature on insecticide-resistant and susceptible strains were examined. | 2017 | 28193292 |
| characterisation of larval habitats, species composition and factors associated with the seasonal abundance of mosquito fauna in gezira, sudan. | larval source management (lsm), which requires an understanding of the ecology and composition of the local mosquito fauna, is an important parameter in successful vector control programmes. the present study was conducted to understand the distribution of larval habitats, species composition and factors associated with the seasonal abundance of mosquito larvae in gezira irrigation scheme in gezira state, central sudan. | 2017 | 28173839 |
| the role of grass volatiles on oviposition site selection by anopheles arabiensis and anopheles coluzzii. | the reproductive success and population dynamics, of anopheles malaria mosquitoes is strongly influenced by the oviposition site selection of gravid females. mosquitoes select oviposition sites at different spatial scales, starting with selecting a habitat in which to search. this study utilizes the association of larval abundance in the field with natural breeding habitats, dominated by various types of wild grasses, as a proxy for oviposition site selection by gravid mosquitoes. moreover, the ... | 2017 | 28173804 |
| pyrethroids and ddt tolerance of anopheles gambiae s.l. from sengerema district, an area of intensive pesticide usage in north-western tanzania. | to assess the susceptibility status of malaria vectors to pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), characterise the mechanisms underlying resistance and evaluate the role of agro-chemical use in resistance selection among malaria vectors in sengerema agro-ecosystem zone, tanzania. | 2017 | 28168834 |
| synthesis and characterization of a novel series of 1,4-dihydropyridine analogues for larvicidal activity against anopheles arabiensis. | the new-fangled bis(4-substituted benzyl) 4-(4-substitued phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivatives were synthesized by the union of substituted aryl aldehyde, tert-butyl acetoacetate, ammonium carbonate with 4-substituted benzyl alcohol via hantzsch ester synthesis in aqueous medium under catalyst-free conditions. the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as ir, nmr ((1) h and (13) c), esi mass, elemental analysis, and singl ... | 2017 | 28135765 |
| optimization of mosquito egg production under mass rearing setting: effects of cage volume, blood meal source and adult population density for the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis. | anopheles arabiensis is one of the major malaria vectors that put millions of people in endemic countries at risk. mass-rearing of this mosquito is crucial for strategies that use sterile insect technique to suppress vector populations. the sterile insect technique (sit) package for this mosquito species is being developed by the insect pest control subprogramme of the joint fao/iaea division of nuclear techniques in food and agriculture. to improve mass-rearing outcomes for an. arabiensis, the ... | 2017 | 28118825 |
| a(maize)ing attraction: gravid anopheles arabiensis are attracted and oviposit in response to maize pollen odours. | maize cultivation contributes to the prevalence of malaria mosquitoes and exacerbates malaria transmission in sub-saharan africa. the pollen from maize serves as an important larval food source for anopheles mosquitoes, and females that are able to detect breeding sites where maize pollen is abundant may provide their offspring with selective advantages. anopheles mosquitoes are hypothesized to locate, discriminate among, and select such sites using olfactory cues, and that synthetic volatile bl ... | 2017 | 28114992 |
| membrane effects of dihydropyrimidine analogues with larvicidal activity. | two recently synthesized dihydropyrimidines (dhpms) analogues have demonstrated larvicide and repellent activity against anopheles arabiensis. dhpms high lipophilicity suggests that these compounds may interact directly with the membrane and modify their biophysical properties. the purpose of the present study was to characterize the interaction of both compounds with artificial membranes. changes on the properties of dppc films were studied using langmuir monolayers. the presence of dhpms in th ... | 2017 | 27907857 |
| preliminary efficacy investigations of oral fipronil against anopheles arabiensis when administered to zebu cattle (bos indicus) under field conditions. | globally, malaria remains one of the most important vector-borne diseases despite the extensive use of vector control, including indoor residual spraying (irs) and insecticide-treated nets (itns). these control methods target endophagic vectors, whereas some malaria vectors, such as anopheles arabiensis, preferentially feed outdoors on cattle, making it a complicated vector to control using conventional strategies. our study evaluated whether treating cattle with a capsule containing the active ... | 2017 | 28760483 |
| variation in species composition and infection rates of anopheles mosquitoes at different altitudinal transects, and the risk of malaria in the highland of dirashe woreda, south ethiopia. | the transmission of malaria is heterogeneous, and varies due to altitude. the information on whether the transmission of malaria is indigenous or imported to highland areas is scarce. therefore, this study aimed to assess the species composition and infection rates of anopheles at different altitudinal transects, and the risk of malaria if any in the highland of dirashe woreda, south ethiopia. | 2017 | 28724450 |
| grass pollen affects survival and development of larval anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae). | nutrients in breeding sites are critical for the survival and development of malaria mosquitoes, having a direct impact on vectorial capacity. yet, there is a limited understanding about the natural larval diet and its impact on the individual fitness of mosquitoes. recent studies have shown that gravid anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) are attracted by and oviposit in grass-associated habitats. the pollen provided by these grasses is a potential source of nutrients for the larvae ... | 2017 | 28922900 |
| role of anopheles (cellia) rufipes (gough, 1910) and other local anophelines in human malaria transmission in the northern savannah of cameroon: a cross-sectional survey. | as part of a study to determine the impact of insecticide resistance on the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) in the north of cameroon, the unexpectedly high density and anthropophilic behaviour of anopheles rufipes lead us to investigate this species bionomics and role in human malaria parasite transmission. | 2017 | 28077167 |
| exploring the potential of using cattle for malaria vector surveillance and control: a pilot study in western kenya. | malaria vector mosquitoes with exophilic and zoophilic tendencies, or with a high acceptance of alternative blood meal sources when preferred human blood-hosts are unavailable, may help maintain low but constant malaria transmission in areas where indoor vector control has been scaled up. this residual transmission might be addressed by targeting vectors outside the house. here we investigated the potential of insecticide-treated cattle, as routinely used for control of tsetse and ticks in east ... | 2017 | 28069065 |
| efficient method for establishing f1 progeny from wild populations of anopheles mosquitoes. | the changing malaria situation in madagascar requires additional knowledge on the physiology and behaviour of local mosquito vectors. however, the absence of established colonies for several anopheline species present in madagascar constitutes a limiting factor. to avoid labour intensive work and uncertainty for success of establishing anopheles colonies from malagasy species, field collections of blood-fed females and in-tube forced oviposition were combined to reliably produce large numbers of ... | 2017 | 28069024 |
| comparison of two adult mosquito sampling methods with human landing catches in south-central ethiopia. | the human landing catch (hlc) is the standard reference method for measuring human exposure to mosquito bites. however, hlc is labour-intensive, exposes collectors to infectious mosquito bites and is subjected to collector bias. these necessitate local calibration and application of alternative methods. this study was undertaken to determine the relative sampling efficiency (rse) of light traps with or without yeast-produced carbon dioxide bait vs. hlc in south-central ethiopia. | 2017 | 28086776 |
| antiviral effect of compounds derived from the seeds of mammea americana and tabernaemontana cymosa on dengue and chikungunya virus infections. | the transmission of dengue virus (denv) and chikungunya virus (chikv) has increased worldwide, due in part to the lack of a specific antiviral treatment. for this reason, the search for compounds with antiviral potential, either as licensed drugs or in natural products, is a research priority. the objective of this study was to identify some of the compounds that are present in mammea americana (m. americana) and tabernaemontana cymosa (t. cymosa) plants and, subsequently, to evaluate their cyto ... | 2017 | 28100218 |
| the transmission potential of malaria-infected mosquitoes (an.gambiae-keele, an.arabiensis-ifakara) is altered by the vertebrate blood type they consume during parasite development. | the efficiency of malaria parasite development within mosquito vectors (sporogony) is a critical determinant of transmission. sporogony is thought to be controlled by environmental conditions and mosquito/parasite genetic factors, with minimal contribution from mosquito behaviour during the period of parasite development. we tested this assumption by investigating whether successful sporogony of plasmodium falciparum parasites through to human-infectious transmission stages is influenced by the ... | 2017 | 28094293 |
| surveillance and response for high-risk populations: what can malaria elimination programmes learn from the experience of hiv? | to eliminate malaria, malaria programmes need to develop new strategies for surveillance and response appropriate for the changing epidemiology that accompanies transmission decline, in which transmission is increasingly driven by population subgroups whose behaviours place them at increased exposure. conventional tools of malaria surveillance and response are likely not sufficient in many elimination settings for accessing high-risk population subgroups, such as mobile and migrant populations ( ... | 2017 | 28100237 |
| location, location, location: environmental factors better predict malaria-positive individuals during reactive case detection than index case demographics in southern province, zambia. | decreasing malaria transmission leads to increasing heterogeneity with increased risk in both hot spots (locations) and hot pops (certain demographics). in southern province, zambia, reactive case detection has formed a part of malaria surveillance and elimination efforts since 2011. various factors may be associated with finding malaria infections during case investigations, including the demographics of the incident case and environmental characteristics of the location of the incident case. | 2017 | 28061853 |
| new antiprotozoal agents: synthesis and biological evaluation of different 4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanone derivatives. | in an endeavor to develop efficacious antiprotozoal agents 4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanone derivatives (5-14) were synthesized, characterized and biologically evaluated for antiprotozoal activity. the compounds were screened in vitro against the hm1: imss strain of entamoeba histolytica and nf54 chloroquine-sensitive strain of plasmodium falciparum. among the synthesized compounds six exhibited promising antiamoebic activity with ic50 values (0.14-1.26μm) lower ... | 2017 | 28027871 |
| preliminary survey on anopheles species distribution in botswana shows the presence of anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus complexes. | botswana is one of the four front line malaria elimination countries in southern africa, with malaria control activities that include routine vector control. past and recent studies have shown that anopheles arabiensis is the only known vector of plasmodium parasites in the country. this report presents a preliminary evaluation on anopheles species composition in seven districts of botswana with some inferences on their vectorial role. | 2017 | 28270213 |
| malaria impact of large dams at different eco-epidemiological settings in ethiopia. | dams are important to ensure food security and promote economic development in sub-saharan africa. however, a poor understanding of the negative public health consequences from issues such as malaria could affect their intended advantages. this study aims to compare the malaria situation across elevation and proximity to dams. such information may contribute to better understand how dams affect malaria in different eco-epidemiological settings. | 2017 | 28250711 |
| mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in mauritania: a review of their biodiversity, distribution and medical importance. | although mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are important disease vectors, information on their biodiversity in mauritania is scarce and very dispersed in the literature. data from the scientific literature gathered in the country from 1948 to 2016 were collected and analyzed. overall 51 culicid species comprising 17 anopheles spp., 14 aedes spp., 18 culex spp. and two mansonia spp. have been described in mauritania among which anopheles arabiensis, aedes vexans, culex poicilipes and culex antennat ... | 2017 | 28103955 |
| [effectiveness of three biological larvicides and of an insect growth regulator against anopheles arabiensis in senegal]. | urban malaria is a major public health problem in africa. in senegal, the environmental changes seem to favor the persistence of malaria transmission in dakar suburbs by creating, throughout the year, potential breeding sites of malaria vectors. in such a situation and in a context of a growing threat of insecticide resistance in anopheline vectors, the larval control making use of products from biological origin or growth regulators could represent an additional tool to the current strategies d ... | 2016 | 27942991 |
| 10 years of environmental change on the slopes of mount kilimanjaro and its associated shift in malaria vector distributions. | malaria prevalence has declined in the kilimanjaro region of tanzania over the past 10 years, particularly at lower altitudes. while this decline has been related to the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets to achieve universal coverage targets, it has also been attributed to changes in environmental factors that are important for enabling and sustaining malaria transmission. | 2016 | 28066759 |
| associations between season and gametocyte dynamics in chronic plasmodium falciparum infections. | in a markedly seasonal malaria setting, the transition from the transmission-free dry season to the transmission season depends on the resurgence of the mosquito population following the start of annual rains. the sudden onset of malaria outbreaks at the start of the transmission season suggests that parasites persist during the dry season and respond to either the reappearance of vectors, or correlated events, by increasing the production of transmission stages. here, we investigate whether pla ... | 2016 | 27870874 |
| evaluation of the operational challenges in implementing reactive screen-and-treat and implications of reactive case detection strategies for malaria elimination in a region of low transmission in southern zambia. | as malaria transmission declines in many regions of sub-saharan africa, interventions to identify the asymptomatic reservoir are being deployed with the goals of improving surveillance and interrupting transmission. reactive case detection strategies, in which individuals with clinical malaria are followed up at their home and household residents and neighbours are screened and treated for malaria, are increasingly used as part of malaria elimination programmes. | 2016 | 27527347 |
| relationship between antibody levels, igg binding to plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes, and disease outcome in hospitalized urban malaria patients from dakar, sénégal. | background. management of clinical malaria requires the development of reliable diagnostic methods and efficient biomarkers for follow-up of patients. protection is partly based on igg responses to parasite antigens exposed at the surface of infected erythrocytes (irbcs). these igg responses appeared low during clinical infection, particularly in severe disease. methods. we analyzed the igg binding capacity to the surface of live erythrocytes infected by knob positive fcr3 strain. sera from 69 c ... | 2016 | 27563669 |
| multiplicity of infection and genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients with uncomplicated and severe malaria in gezira state, sudan. | multiplicity and genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum infection might play a role in determining the clinical outcome of malaria infection and could be a fair reflection of the disease transmission rate. this study investigated the genetic diversity of p. falciparum and multiplicity of infection in relation to the severity of malaria and age of patients in gezira state, sudan. | 2016 | 27350250 |
| assessment of clarias gariepinus as a biological control agent against mosquito larvae. | the emergence and spread of insecticide resistant mosquitoes renewed interest in investigating the use of larvivorous fish as a biological control agent. the potential of clarias gariepinus fish in controlling anopheles arabiensis and culicine larvae was assessed under laboratory and semi-field conditions. | 2016 | 27245935 |
| short persistence of bendiocarb sprayed on pervious walls and its implication for the indoor residual spray program in ethiopia. | with the emergence and spread of vector resistance to pyrethroids and ddt in africa, several countries have recently switched or are considering switching to carbamates and/or organophosphates for indoor residual spraying (irs). however, data collected on the residual life of bendiocarb used for irs in some areas indicate shorter than expected bio-efficacy. this study evaluated the effect of ph and wall type on the residual life of the carbamates bendiocarb and propoxur as measured by the standa ... | 2016 | 27151229 |
| analysis of asymptomatic and clinical malaria in urban and suburban settings of southwestern ethiopia in the context of sustaining malaria control and approaching elimination. | malaria intervention in ethiopia has been strengthened significantly in the past decade. the ethiopian government recently stratified the country based upon annual parasite incidence into malaria free, low, moderate and high transmission strata. districts with low transmission were targeted for indigenous transmission elimination. surveillance on malaria disease incidence is needed for planning control and elimination efforts. | 2016 | 27129785 |
| knowledge, attitudes and practice of communities of wolaita, southern ethiopia about long-lasting insecticidal nets and evaluation of net fabric integrity and insecticidal activity. | optimal use of long-lasting insecticidal (llins) for malaria prevention depends on mass distribution, the users' perception and behaviour of local malaria vectors. this study was aimed at assessing knowledge, attitude and practice (kap) of communities about llins and fabric integrities and insecticidal activities of nets under use in wolaita zone, sothern ethiopia. | 2016 | 27101898 |
| identification of different malaria patterns due to plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in ethiopian children: a prospective cohort study. | the identification of epidemiological pattern of infection with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in malaria-endemic area, where multiple episodes are common, is important for intervention programmes. | 2016 | 27075667 |
| malaria elimination in botswana, 2012-2014: achievements and challenges. | botswana significantly reduced its malaria burden between 2000 and 2012. incidence dropped from 0.99 to 0.01 % and deaths attributed to malaria declined from 12 to 3. the country initiated elimination strategies in october 2012. we examine the progress and challenges during implementation and identify future needs for a successful program in botswana. | 2016 | 26911433 |
| association between malaria and malnutrition among children aged under-five years in adami tulu district, south-central ethiopia: a case-control study. | malaria and malnutrition are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in developing countries such as ethiopia. malnutrition is the associated cause for about half of the deaths that occur among under-five children in developing countries. however, the relationship between malnutrition and malaria is controversial still, and it has also not been well documented in ethiopia. the aim of this study was to assess whether malnutrition is associated with malaria among under-f ... | 2016 | 26895759 |
| widespread distribution of plasmodium vivax malaria in mauritania on the interface of the maghreb and west africa. | plasmodium vivax is very rarely seen in west africa, although specific detection methods are not widely applied in the region, and it is now considered to be absent from north africa. however, this parasite species has recently been reported to account for most malaria cases in nouakchott, the capital of mauritania, which is a large country at the interface of sub-saharan west africa and the maghreb region in northwest africa. | 2016 | 26861780 |
| combining long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying for malaria prevention in ethiopia: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are the main malaria prevention interventions in ethiopia. there is conflicting evidence that the combined application of both interventions is better than either llins or irs used alone. this trial aims to investigate whether the combination of llins (permanet 2.0, vestergaard frandsen, lausanne, switzerland) with irs using propoxur will enhance the protective benefits and cost-effectiveness of the interventions against m ... | 2016 | 26758744 |
| spatio-temporal analysis of malaria vector density from baseline through intervention in a high transmission setting. | an increase in effective malaria control since 2000 has contributed to a decline in global malaria morbidity and mortality. knowing when and how existing interventions could be combined to maximise their impact on malaria vectors can provide valuable information for national malaria control programs in different malaria endemic settings. here, we assess the effect of indoor residual spraying on malaria vector densities in a high malaria endemic setting in eastern uganda as part of a cohort study ... | 2016 | 27955677 |
| evaluation of long-lasting microbial larvicide for malaria vector control in kenya. | outdoor malaria transmission is becoming an increasingly important problem in malaria control in africa. larval control is a promising intervention as it can target both indoor and outdoor biting mosquitoes. however, the currently available biolarvicide formulations have a short effective duration, and consequently larval control incurs a high operational expense due to the requirement for frequent re-treatment of larval habitats. formulations of biolarvicides with long-lasting effects is highly ... | 2016 | 27903292 |
| rice volatiles lure gravid malaria mosquitoes, anopheles arabiensis. | mosquito oviposition site selection is essential for vector population dynamics and malaria epidemiology. irrigated rice cultivations provide ideal larval habitats for malaria mosquitoes, which has resulted in increased prevalence of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, in sub-saharan africa. the nature and origin of the cues regulating this behaviour are only now being elucidated. we show that gravid anopheles arabiensis are attracted and oviposit in response to the odour present in the ai ... | 2016 | 27901056 |
| effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children under ten years of age in senegal: a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial. | seasonal malaria chemoprevention (smc) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) plus amodiaquine (aq), given each month during the transmission season, is recommended for children living in areas of the sahel where malaria transmission is highly seasonal. the recommendation for smc is currently limited to children under five years of age, but, in many areas of seasonal transmission, the burden in older children may justify extending this age limit. this study was done to determine the effectiveness o ... | 2016 | 27875528 |
| roles and challenges of construction firms and public health entomologists in ending indoor malaria transmission in african setting. | indoor malaria transmission reduction across sub-saharan africa has been attained through implementation of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spray interventions with small-scale larval source management. improvement of house structures in sub-saharan africa can lead to zero indoor malaria transmission with evidence from west africa, east africa and middle east countries. residual malaria transmission cannot be targeted well with llins and irs alone, but with incorporation of ho ... | 2016 | 27842588 |
| using evolution to generate sustainable malaria control with spatial repellents. | evolution persistently undermines vector control programs through insecticide resistance. here we propose a novel strategy which instead exploits evolution to generate and sustain new control tools. effective spatial repellents are needed to keep vectors out of houses. our approach generates such new repellents by combining a high-toxicity insecticide with a candidate repellent initially effective against only part of the vector population. by killing mosquitoes that enter treated properties the ... | 2016 | 27776220 |
| selection of n86f184d1246 haplotype of pfmrd1 gene by artemether-lumefantrine drug pressure on plasmodium falciparum populations in senegal. | the use of artemisinin as a monotherapy resulted in the emergence of artemisinin resistance in 2005 in southeast asia. monitoring of artemisinin combination therapy (act) is critical in order to detect and prevent the spread of resistance in endemic areas. ex vivo studies and genotyping of molecular markers of resistance can be used as part of this routine monitoring strategy. one gene that has been associated in some act partner drug resistance is the plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance ... | 2016 | 27562216 |
| malaria intervention scale-up in africa: effectiveness predictions for health programme planning tools, based on dynamic transmission modelling. | scale-up of malaria prevention and treatment needs to continue to further important gains made in the past decade, but national strategies and budget allocations are not always evidence-based. statistical models were developed summarizing dynamically simulated relations between increases in coverage and intervention impact, to inform a malaria module in the spectrum health programme planning tool. | 2016 | 27538889 |
| a qualitative evidence of the breeding sites of anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) in and around kassala town, eastern sudan. | anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) is considered the most efficient malaria vector in eastern sudan. this study aims to characterize the breeding sites of an. arabiensis throughout the year in and around kassala town, eastern sudan. diverse larval habitat types were visited and characterized based on the habitat type and chemical composition. mosquito larvae were found in many diverse habitats. during the rainy season, rain pools and water bodies created by the seasonal gash river ... | 2016 | 27547039 |
| a significant association between deltamethrin resistance, plasmodium falciparum infection and the vgsc-1014s resistance mutation in anopheles gambiae highlights the epidemiological importance of resistance markers. | the success of malaria vector control is threatened by widespread pyrethroid insecticide resistance. however, the extent to which insecticide resistance impacts transmission is unclear. the objective of this study was to examine the association between the ddt/pyrethroid knockdown resistance mutation vgsc-1014s, commonly termed kdr, and infection with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in anopheles gambiae. | 2016 | 27216484 |
| the importance of accounting for larval detectability in mosquito habitat-association studies. | mosquito habitat-association studies are an important basis for disease control programmes and/or vector distribution models. however, studies do not explicitly account for incomplete detection during larval presence and abundance surveys, with potential for significant biases because of environmental influences on larval behaviour and sampling efficiency. | 2016 | 27142303 |
| assessing the effects of malaria interventions on the geographical distribution of parasitaemia risk in burkina faso. | burkina faso conducted its first nationally representative household malaria survey in 2010/2011. the survey collected among others, information on malaria interventions, treatment choices and malaria parasite prevalence in children aged 6-59 months. | 2016 | 27098853 |
| patterns of genome-wide variation in glossina fuscipes fuscipes tsetse flies from uganda. | the tsetse fly glossina fuscipes fuscipes (gff) is the insect vector of the two forms of human african trypanosomiasis (hat) that exist in uganda. understanding gff population dynamics, and the underlying genetics of epidemiologically relevant phenotypes is key to reducing disease transmission. using ddrad sequence technology, complemented with whole-genome sequencing, we developed a panel of ∼73,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) distributed across the gff genome that can be used for po ... | 2016 | 27172181 |
| darwin's finches treat their feathers with a natural repellent. | darwin's finches are highly innovative. recently we recorded for the first time a behavioural innovation in darwin's finches outside the foraging context: individuals of four species rubbed leaves of the endemic tree psidium galapageium on their feathers. we hypothesised that this behaviour serves to repel ectoparasites and tested the repellency of p. galapageium leaf extracts against parasites that negatively affect the fitness of darwin's finches, namely mosquitoes and the invasive hematophago ... | 2016 | 27721475 |
| determinants of host feeding success by anopheles farauti. | the proportion of blood meals that mosquitoes take from a host species is a function of the interplay of extrinsic (abundance and location of potential hosts) and intrinsic (innate preference) factors. a mark-release-recapture experiment addressed whether host preference in a population of anopheles farauti was uniform or if there were anthropophilic and zoophilic subpopulations. the corresponding fitness associated with selecting different hosts for blood meals was compared by measuring fecundi ... | 2016 | 26964528 |
| potential of camellia sinensis proanthocyanidins-rich fraction for controlling malaria mosquito populations through disruption of larval development. | anopheles arabiensis and a. gambiae (sensu stricto) are the most prolific afrotropical malaria vectors. population control efforts of these two vectors have been hampered by extremely diverse larval breeding sites and widespread resistance to currently available insecticides. control of mosquito larval stages using bioactive compounds of plant origin has the potential to suppress vector populations leading to concomitant reduction in disease transmission rates. in this study, we evaluated the ef ... | 2016 | 27660043 |
| agricultural chemicals: life changer for mosquito vectors in agricultural landscapes? | although many mosquito species develop within agricultural landscapes where they are potentially exposed to agricultural chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides), the effects of these chemicals on mosquito biology remain poorly understood. this study investigated the effects of sublethal concentrations of four agricultural chemicals on the life history traits of anopheles arabiensis and culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. | 2016 | 27624456 |
| rapid and non-destructive detection and identification of two strains of wolbachia in aedes aegypti by near-infrared spectroscopy. | the release of wolbachia infected mosquitoes is likely to form a key component of disease control strategies in the near future. we investigated the potential of using near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) to simultaneously detect and identify two strains of wolbachia pipientis (wmelpop and wmel) in male and female laboratory-reared aedes aegypti mosquitoes. our aim is to find faster, cheaper alternatives for monitoring those releases than the molecular diagnostic techniques that are currently in us ... | 2016 | 27362709 |