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predator preference for bt-fed spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) prey: implications for insect resistance management in bt maize seed blends.understanding indirect, trophic-level effects of genetically engineered plants, expressing insecticidal proteins derived from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), is essential to the ecological risk assessment process. in this study, we examine potential indirect, trophic-level effects of bt-sensitive prey using the predator, harmonia axyridis (pallas), feeding upon spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) larvae, which had delayed development (lower body mass) following ingestion of cry1ab mai ...201728369505
recombinant bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd73 strain that synthesizes cry1ac and chimeric chia74∆sp chitinase inclusions.in this study, the endochitinase chia74 gene lacking its secretion signal peptide sequence (chia74∆sp) was fused in frame with the sequence coding for the c-terminal crystallization domain and transcription terminator of cry1ac. the chimeric gene was expressed under the strong pcyta-p/stab-sd promoter system in an acrystalliferous cry(-)b strain of bacillus thuringiensis and b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd73. we showed that the chimeric chia74∆sp produced amorphous inclusions in both cry(-)b ...201728184966
fitness costs and stability of cry1fa resistance in brazilian populations of spodoptera frugiperda.the presence of fitness costs of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins in insect populations may delay or even reverse the local selection of insect resistance to bt transgenic crops, and deserves rigorous investigation. here we assessed the fitness costs associated with cry1fa resistance in two strains of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae), derived from field collections in different brazilian regions and further selected in the laboratory fo ...201727147125
genome analysis of heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h isolated from china.no ascovirus isolated from china has been sequenced so far. therefore, in this study, we aimed to sequence the genome of heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (hvav-3h) using the 454 pyrosequencing technology. the genome was found to be 190,519-bp long with a g+c content of 45.5%. we also found that it encodes 185 hypothetical open reading frames (orfs) along with at least 50 amino acids, including 181 orfs found in other ascoviruses and 4 unique orfs. gene-parity plots and phylogenetic analysis reve ...201728382574
tracking the virus-like particles of macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus in insect cells.macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (mrnv) poses a major threat to the prawn industry. currently, no effective vaccine and treatment are available to prevent the spread of mrnv. its infection mechanism and localisation in a host cell are also not well characterised. the mrnv capsid protein (mrnvc) produced in escherichia coli self-assembled into virus-like particles (vlps) resembling the native virus. thus, fluorescein labelled mrnvc vlps were employed as a model to study the virus entry and loc ...201728194311
fall armyworm-associated gut bacteria modulate plant defense responses.mechanical damage caused by insect feeding along with components present in insect saliva and oral secretions are known to induce jasmonic acid-mediated defense responses in plants. this study investigated the effects of bacteria from oral secretions of the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda on herbivore-induced defenses in tomato and maize plants. using culture-dependent methods, we identified seven different bacterial isolates belonging to the family enterobacteriacea from the oral secretions ...201728027025
acute and chronic toxicities of an annonin-based commercial bioinsecticide and a joint mixture with a limonoid-based formulation to the fall armyworm.the bioactivity of a newly registered annonin-based formulation (anosom® 1 ec) was investigated for use against the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), both singly and mixed with a limonoid-based formulation (azamax® 1.2 ec) using dietary exposure bioassays. anosom® 1 ec caused significant mortality in s. frugiperda larvae exposed to treated artificial media, with the activity level dependent on both the concentration and the exposure time. in addition to e ...201727730568
genetic basis of allochronic differentiation in the fall armyworm.very little is known on how changes in circadian rhythms evolve. the noctuid moth spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) consists of two strains that exhibit allochronic differentiation in their mating time, which acts as a premating isolation barrier between the strains. we investigated the genetic basis of the strain-specific timing differences to identify the molecular mechanisms of differentiation in circadian rhythms.201728264650
a characterization of structural proteins expressed by bombyx mori bidensovirus.bombyx mori bidensiovirus (bmbdv) is a species of bidensovirus that has been was placed into a new genus within the new family bidnaviridae by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. bmbdv causes fatal flacherie disease in silkworms, which causes large losses to the sericulture industry. bmbdv contains two sets of complementary linear single-stranded dnas of approximately 6.5kb (viral dna 1, vd1) and 6.0kb (viral dna 2, vd2). vd1 and vd2 are encapsidated in separate icosahedral non-e ...201728057460
quality control of telenomus remus (hymenoptera: platygastridae) reared on the factitious host corcyra cephalonica (lepidoptera: pyralidae) for successive generations.egg parasitoid rearing on factitious hosts is an important step to reduce costs and increase availability of the biocontrol agent but it requires quality control to achieve success in field conditions. to this end, this study evaluated the quality of telenomus remus (hymenoptera: platygastridae) reared on corcyra cephalonica (lepidoptera: pyralidae) for until 45 generations. in the first bioassay, we evaluated the body size of the laboratory-produced parasitoids. in the second bioassay, flight a ...201728382878
a mechanism for sequence specificity in plant-mediated interactions between herbivores.herbivore communities are shaped by indirect plant-mediated interactions whose outcomes are strongly dependent on the sequence of herbivore arrival. however, the mechanisms underlying sequence specificity are poorly understood. we examined the mechanisms that govern sequence-specific effects of the interaction between two specialist maize herbivores, the leaf feeder spodoptera frugiperda and the root feeder diabrotica virgifera virgifera. in the field, s. frugiperda reduces d. v. virgifera abund ...201727898177
comparative analysis of expression profiling of the trypsin and chymotrypsin genes from lepidoptera species with different levels of sensitivity to soybean peptidase inhibitors.peptidase inhibitors (pis) are essential proteins involved in plant resistance to herbivorous insects, yet many insect species are able to escape the negative effects of these molecules. we compared the effects of acute and chronic ingestion of soybean peptidase inhibitors (spis) on spodoptera frugiperda and diatraea saccharalis, two lepidoptera species with different sensitivities to spi ingestion. we analyzed the trypsin and chymotrypsin gene expression profiles in both species. acute exposure ...201726944308
the function of two p450s, cyp9m10 and cyp6aa7, in the permethrin resistance of culex quinquefasciatus.cytochrome p450 monooxygenases play a critical role in insecticide resistance by allowing resistant insects to metabolize insecticides. previous studies revealed that two p450 genes, cyp9m10 and cyp6aa7, are not only up-regulated but also induced in resistant culex mosquitoes. in this study, cyp9m10 and cyp6aa7 were separately co-expressed with cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) in insect spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells using a baculovirus-mediated expression system and the enzymatic activity and ...201728373679
transgenic cotton plants expressing cry1ia12 toxin confer resistance to fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) and cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis).gossypium hirsutum (commercial cooton) is one of the most economically important fibers sources and a commodity crop highly affected by insect pests and pathogens. several transgenic approaches have been developed to improve cotton resistance to insect pests, through the transgenic expression of different factors, including cry toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and toxic peptides, among others. in the present study, we developed transgenic cotton plants by fertilized floral buds injection (through ...201626925081
stable integration and expression of a cry1ia gene conferring resistance to fall armyworm and boll weevil in cotton plants.boll weevil is a serious pest of cotton crop. effective control involves applications of chemical insecticides, increasing the cost of production and environmental pollution. the current genetically modified bt crops have allowed great benefits to farmers but show activity limited to lepidopteran pests. this work reports on procedures adopted for integration and expression of a cry transgene conferring resistance to boll weevil and fall armyworm by using molecular tools.201626558603
sublethal effects of essential oils from eucalyptus staigeriana (myrtales: myrtaceae), ocimum gratissimum (lamiales: laminaceae), and foeniculum vulgare (apiales: apiaceae) on the biology of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae).spodoptera frugiperda (smith 1797) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a major pest of maize, zea mays l. its control is often achieved through repeated applications per season of insecticides, which may lead to adverse effects on the ecosystem. thus, the study of alternative methods with less environmental impact has expanded to include the use of essential oils. these oils are products of the secondary metabolism in plants, and their insecticidal activity has been widely demonstrated in populations of ...201626868417
a theoretical approach to analyze the parametric influence on spatial patterns of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations.studies of the influence of biological parameters on the spatial distribution of lepidopteran insects can provide useful information for managing agricultural pests, since the larvae of many species cause serious impacts on crops. computational models to simulate the spatial dynamics of insect populations are increasingly used, because of their efficiency in representing insect movement. in this study, we used a cellular automata model to explore different patterns of population distribution of ...201627943025
toxicity of secondary metabolites from meliaceae against spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae).the study was carried out to evaluate the bioactivity of secondary metabolites from trichilia pallida, trichilia pallens, and toona ciliata against fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) larvae. the studied compounds included (+/-)-catechins, a triglyceride, and cedrelone isolated from t. ciliata branches, fruits, and stems, respectively; dammaradienol isolated from t. pallida leaves; and scopoletin isolated from t. pallens branches. the compounds' activity was evaluated through inges ...201627379760
interaction effect between herbivory and plant fertilization on extrafloral nectar production and on seed traits: an experimental study with ricinus communis (euphorbiaceae).it is known that the release of volatile chemicals by many plants can attract the natural enemies of herbivorous insects. such indirect interactions are likely when plants produce nectar from their extrafloral nectaries, and particularly when the production of extrafloral nectar (efn) is induced by herbivory. in the present study, we conducted experiments to test whether foliar herbivory inflicted by spodoptera frugiperda smith (noctuidae) increases nectar production by extrafloral nectaries on ...201627247300
on-plant larval movement and feeding behavior of fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on reproductive corn stages.spodoptera frugiperda j.e. smith (fall armyworm) is considered one of the most destructive pests of corn throughout the americas. although this pest has been extensively studied, little is known about its larval movement and feeding behavior on reproductive compared to vegetative corn stages. thus, we conducted studies with two corn stages (r1 and r3) and four corn plant zones (tassel, above ear, ear zone, and below ear) in the field at concord, ne (usa), and in the field and greenhouse at botuc ...201626476276
herbivore damage and prior egg deposition on host plants influence the oviposition of the generalist moth trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae).female insects have the difficult task of locating host plants that maximize the survival and success of their offspring. in this study, the oviposition preferences of the cabbage looper moth, trichoplusia ni (hübner), for soybean plants, glycine max (l.), under various treatments-undamaged, mechanically damaged, damaged by t. ni or spodoptera frugiperda (smith) larvae or by bemisia tabaci (gennadius) adults, egg-free plants, and plants previously oviposited by conspecific or heterospecific fema ...201627591288
potato tuber herbivory increases resistance to aboveground lepidopteran herbivores.plants mediate interactions between aboveground and belowground herbivores. although effects of root herbivory on foliar herbivores have been documented in several plant species, interactions between tuber-feeding herbivores and foliar herbivores are rarely investigated. we report that localized tuber damage by tecia solanivora (guatemalan tuber moth) larvae reduced aboveground spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) and spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) performance on solanum tuberosum (potato). ...201627147449
production of human type ii collagen using an efficient baculovirus-silkworm multigene expression system.human type ii collagen is a macromolecular protein found throughout the human body. the baculovirus expression vector system is one of the most ideal systems for the routine production and display of recombinant eukaryotic proteins in insect, larvae, and mammalian cells. we use this system to express a full-length gene, human type ii collagen cdna (4257 bp), in cultured spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells (sf9), bombyx mori cells, and silkworm larvae. in this study, the expression of human type ii col ...201627669694
a new cell line derived from embryonic tissues of holotrichia parallela (coleoptera:scarabaeidae).holotrichia parallela is an important agricultural underground insect pest and also an edible and medicinal insect. establishing a new cell line of h. parallela will provide a rapid and convenient tool for the studies on its physiology, pathology, and gene functions. in this study, by using the embryonic tissue of h. parallela as the material, we established a new cell line named hp-e-1. the microscopic observation of its morphological characteristics revealed that its cellular morphology was ma ...201627083164
insect larvae: a new platform to produce commercial recombinant proteins.in biotechnology, the expression of recombinant proteins is a constantly growing field and different hosts are used for this purpose. some valuable proteins cannot be produced using traditional systems. insects from the order lepidoptera infected with recombinant baculovirus have appeared as a good choice to express high levels of proteins, especially those with post-translational modifications. lepidopteran insects, which are extensively distributed in the world, can be used as small protein fa ...201626956108
insect cell transformation vectors that support high level expression and promoter assessment in insect cell culture.a somatic transformation vector, pdp9, was constructed that provides a simplified means of producing permanently transformed cultured insect cells that support high levels of protein expression of foreign genes. the pdp9 plasmid vector incorporates dna sequences from the junonia coenia densovirus that are involved in integration of the densovirus in insect cell chromosomes and a promoter/enhancer system that results in high levels of expression. the plasmid also contains two markers that permit ...201626794473
haenamindole and fumiquinazoline analogs from a fungicolous isolate of penicillium lanosum.three amino acid-derived compounds, haenamindole (1) and 2'-epi-fumiquinazolines c (2) and d (3), were isolated from cultures of a fungicolous isolate of penicillium lanosum (myc-1813=nrrl 66231). compound 1 was also encountered in cultures of p. corylophilum (myc-418=nrrl 28126). structure elucidation of these metabolites was based mainly on high resolution mass spectrometry and nmr data analysis. haenamindole (1) was found to be a recently reported diketopiperazine-type metabolite that incorpo ...201627328870
pyocyanin induced in vitro oxidative damage and its toxicity level in human, fish and insect cell lines for its selective biological applications.pyocyanin is a redox active phenazine pigment produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa, with broad antibiotic activity having pharmacological, aquaculture, agriculture and industrial applications. in the present work cytotoxicity induced by pyocyanin is demonstrated in a human embryonic lung epithelial cell line (l-132), a rainbow trout gonad cell line (rtg-2) and a spodoptera frugiperda pupal ovarian cell line (sf9). for toxicity evaluation, cellular morphology, mitochondrial function (xtt), membrane ...201625091858
the speed of tubule formation of two fijiviruses corresponds with their dissemination efficiency in their insect vectors.rice black-streaked dwarf virus (rbsdv) and southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (srbsdv) are two closely related fijiviruses transmitted by the small brown planthopper (sbph) and white-backed planthopper (wbph), respectively. srbsdv has a latent period 4 days shorter than that of rbsdv, implying a more efficient spread in insect vector. currently, the mechanisms underlying this higher efficiency are poorly understood. however, our recent studies have implicated a role of virus induced tubul ...201627760544
nanostructural characterization of sf9 cells during virus-like particles generation.sf9 cells (a clonal isolate of spodoptera frugiperda sf21 cells) are commonly used to generate recombinant virus-like particles (vlps). for vlps generation, sf9 cells are infected with recombinant baculoviruses (rbv) expressing desired proteins. during rbv infections, sf9 cells have changes in cell diameters and surface structures. in this study, for the first time, we investigated nanostructural changes of sf9 cells using atomic force microscopy (afm) during vlps generation containing toxoplasm ...201627111226
structure and bioactivity of a modified peptide derived from the lps-binding domain of an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (alf) of shrimp.the lipopolysaccharide binding domain (lbd) in anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (alf) is the main functional element of alf, which exhibits antimicrobial activities. our previous studies show that the peptide lbdv, synthesized based on the modified sequence of lbd (named lbd2) from fcalf2, exhibited an apparently enhanced antimicrobial activity. to learn the prospect of lbdv application, the characteristics of lbdv were analyzed in the present study. the lbdv peptide showed higher antimicrobial an ...201627213409
five new cytotoxic metabolites from the marine fungus neosartorya pseudofischeri.the marine fungus neosartorya pseudofischeri was isolated from acanthaster planci from the south china sea. in a preliminary bioactivity screening, the crude methanol extract of the fungal mycelia showed significant inhibitory activity against the sf9 cell line from the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda. five novel compounds, including 5-olefin phenylpyropene a (1), 13-dehydroxylpyripyropene a (4), deacetylsesquiterpene (7), 5-formyl-6-hydroxy-8-isopropyl-2- naphthoic acid (9) and 6,8-dihydrox ...201626771621
cell culture for production of insecticidal viruses.while large-scale culture of insect cells will need to be conducted using bioreactors up to 10,000 l scale, many of the main challenges for cell culture-based production of insecticidal viruses can be studied using small-scale (20-500 ml) shaker/spinner flasks, either in free suspension or using microcarrier-based systems. these challenges still relate to the development of appropriate cell lines, stability of virus strains in culture, enhancing virus yields per cell, and the development of seru ...201627565495
pyramids of qtls enhance host-plant resistance and bt-mediated resistance to leaf-chewing insects in soybean.qtl-m and qtl-e enhance soybean resistance to insects. pyramiding these qtls with cry1ac increases protection against bt-tolerant pests, presenting an opportunity to effectively deploy bt with host-plant resistance genes. plant resistance to leaf-chewing insects minimizes the need for insecticide applications, reducing crop production costs and pesticide concerns. in soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.], resistance to a broad range of leaf-chewing insects is found in pi 229358 and pi 227687. pi 2293 ...201626724806
virus-like particle of macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus produced in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells is distinctive from that produced in escherichia coli.macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (mrnv) is a virus native to giant freshwater prawn. recombinant mrnv capsid protein has been produced in escherichia coli, which self-assembled into virus-like particles (vlps). however, this recombinant protein is unstable, degrading and forming heterogenous vlps. in this study, mrnv capsid protein was produced in insect spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells through a baculovirus system. dynamic light scattering (dls) and transmission electron microscopy (tem) re ...201627860432
expression and purification of epha2 tyrosine kinase domain for crystallographic and nmr studies.the receptor tyrosine kinase epha2 is overexpressed in several cancers (breast, head and neck, non-small-cell lung cancer). small-molecule-based inhibition of the epha2 kinase domain (kd) is seen as an important strategy for therapeutic intervention. however, obtaining structural information by crystallography or nmr spectroscopy for drug discovery is severely hampered by the lack of pure, homogeneous protein. here, different fragments of the epha2 kd were expressed and purified from both bacter ...201627685543
using bicistronic baculovirus expression vector system to screen the compounds that interfere with the infection of chikungunya virus.chikungunya virus (chikv) is the etiologic agent of chikungunya fever and has emerged in many countries over the past decade. there are no effective drugs for controlling the disease. a bicistronic baculovirus expression system was utilized to co-express chikv structural proteins c (capsid), e2 and e1 and the enhanced green fluorescence protein (egfp) in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells (sf21). the egfp-positive sf21 cells fused with each other and with uninfected cells to form a syncytium is ...201627233279
expression and purification of e2 glycoprotein from insect cells (sf9) for use in serology.chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus which poses a major threat to global public health. definitive chikv diagnosis is crucial, especially in distinguishing the disease from dengue virus, which co-circulates in endemic areas and shares the same mosquito vectors. laboratory diagnosis is mainly based on serological or molecular approaches. the e2 glycoprotein is a good candidate for serological diagnosis since it is the immunodominant antigen during the course of infection, and ...201627233260
a high-throughput, in-vitro assay for bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins.a high-throughput, in-vitro assay for bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins designated as cry was developed and evaluated for screening a large number of cry protein variants produced by dna shuffling. this automation-amenable assay exploits an insect cell line expressing a single receptor of bt cry proteins. the cry toxin used to develop this assay is a variant of the cry1ab protein called ip1-88, which was produced previously by dna shuffling. cell mortality caused by the activated ...201626524384
expression of grape class iv chitinase in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells.most of pathogenesis related (pr) proteins possess complicated structures; hence their active recombinant forms are usually produced in eukaryotic systems. in this study, we employed an insect cell line to express a recombinant form of a previously identified grape pr3 allergen categorised as class iv chitinase.201623481555
binding and entry of a non-enveloped t=4 insect rna virus is triggered by alkaline ph.tetraviruses are small, non-enveloped, rna viruses that exclusively infect lepidopteran insects. their particles comprise 240 copies of a single capsid protein precursor (cp), which undergoes autoproteolytic cleavage during maturation. the molecular mechanisms of capsid assembly and maturation are well understood, but little is known about the viral infectious lifecycle due to a lack of tissue culture cell lines that are susceptible to tetravirus infection. we show here that binding and entry of ...201627614703
comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection.infection with autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. nonetheless, the proteomics or the protein changes of spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout acmnpv have not yet been studied. to further improve the use of acmnpv, we set out to analyze the protein composition and prot ...201626922645
fungal dna virus infects a mycophagous insect and utilizes it as a transmission vector.mycoviruses are usually transmitted horizontally via hyphal anastomosis and vertically via sexual/asexual spores. previously, we reported that a gemycircularvirus, sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated dna virus 1 (sshadv-1), could infect its fungal host extracellularly. here, we discovered that sshadv-1 could infect a mycophagous insect, lycoriella ingenua, and use it as a transmission vector. virus acquired by larvae feeding on colonies of a virus-infected strain of s. sclerotiorum ...201627791095
enhanced insecticidal activity of chilo iridescent virus expressing an insect specific neurotoxin.previously we have generated a recombinant chilo iridescent virus (civ) by inserting the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) into the civ 157l open reading frame (orf) locus and showed that this recombinant (rciv-δ157l-gfp) was fully infectious both in cell culture as well as in insect larvae. this study opened up a new avenue for increasing the speed of kill of civ and other iridoviruses by inserting virulence or toxin genes into the viral genome. in the current study we constructed a recombin ...201627369385
frequency of cry1f non-recessive resistance alleles in north carolina field populations of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae).fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a target species of transgenic corn (zea mays l.) that expresses single and pyramided bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin. in 2014, s. frugiperda were collected from a light trap in north carolina, and a total of 212 f1/f2 isofemale lines of s. frugiperda were screened for resistance to bt and non-bt corn. all of the 212 isolines were susceptible to corn tissue expressing cry1a.105 + cry2ab, cry1f + cry1a.105 + cry2ab, ...201627119741
heritability of wing size and shape of the rice and corn strains of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae).spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) represents a pest of economic importance in all western hemisphere. this polyphagous species has diverged into two populations that have been mainly recognized with various mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers and named "the rice" and "the corn" strains. in colombia, both strains have evolved prezygotic and postzygotic isolation. they differ in tolerance to bacillus thuringiensis (cry1ac and cry1ab endotoxins) and the insecticide ...201627044394
selection and characterization of resistance to the vip3aa20 protein from bacillus thuringiensis in spodoptera frugiperda.spodoptera frugiperda is one the main target pests of maize events expressing vip3aa20 protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in brazil. in this study, we selected a resistant strain of s. frugiperda on bt maize expressing vip3aa20 protein and characterized the inheritance and fitness costs of the resistance.201626733182
dominance of cry1f resistance in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on tc1507 bt maize in brazil.dominance of resistance has been one of the major parameters affecting the rate of evolution of resistance to bt crops. high dose is the capacity of bt crops to kill heterozygous insects and has been an essential component of the most successful strategy to manage resistance to these crops. experiments were conducted to evaluate directly and indirectly whether the tc1507 event is high dose to spodoptera frugiperda (je smith).201626172071
frequency of cry1f resistance alleles in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in brazil.the frequency of resistance alleles is a major factor influencing the rate of resistance evolution. here, we adapted the f2 screen procedure for spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) with a discriminating concentration assay, and extended associated statistical methods to estimate the frequency of resistance to cry1f protein in s. frugiperda in brazil when resistance was not rare.201626990201
effective dominance of resistance of spodoptera frugiperda to bt maize and cotton varieties: implications for resistance management.the resistance of fall armyworm (faw), spodoptera frugiperda, has been characterized to some cry and vip3a proteins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) expressed in transgenic maize in brazil. here we evaluated the effective dominance of resistance based on the survival of neonates from selected bt-resistant, heterozygous, and susceptible (sus) strains of faw on different bt maize and cotton varieties. high survival of strains resistant to the cry1f (hx-r), cry1a.105/cry2ab (vt-r) and cry1a.105/cry2a ...201627721425
vip3aa induces apoptosis in cultured spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells.the vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip) secreted by many bacillus thuringiensis strains during their vegetative growth stage are regarded as second generation insecticidal proteins, as they share no sequence or structural homology with known crystal insecticidal proteins (cry) and have a broad insecticidal spectrum. compared with insecticidal crystal proteins (icps), the insecticidal mechanisms of vips have been little studied. here we investigated the mechanism responsible for vip3aa toxicit ...201627476462
current situation of pests targeted by bt crops in latin america.transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis- (bt) insecticidal proteins (bt crops) have provided useful pest management tools to growers for the past 20 years. planting bt crops has reduced the use of synthetic insecticides on cotton, maize and soybean fields in 11 countries throughout latin america. one of the threats that could jeopardize the sustainability of bt crops is the development of resistance by targeted pests. governments of many countries require vigilance in measuring changes ...201627436743
cry1f resistance among lepidopteran pests: a model for improved resistance management?the cry1fa protein from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is known for its potential to control lepidopteran pests, especially through transgenic expression in maize and cotton. the maize event tc1507 expressing the cry1fa toxin gene became commercially available in the united states in 2003 for the management of key lepidopteran pests including the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, and the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda. a high-dose/refuge strategy has been widely adopted t ...201627436741
impact of lepidoptera (crambidae, noctuidae, and pyralidae) pests on corn containing pyramided bt traits and a blended refuge in the southern united states.blended refuge for transgenic plants expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins has been approved in the northern united states as a resistance management strategy alternative to a structured refuge. a three-year study (2012-2014) was conducted with 54 trials across nine states in the southern united states to evaluate plant injury from lepidopteran pests of corn and yield in a corn hybrid expressing cry1f × cry1ab × vip3aa20 (pioneer brand optimum leptra) planted as a pure stand and in refug ...201627329627
f2 screen for resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry2ab2-maize in field populations of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from the southern united states.the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a target pest of transgenic maize and cotton expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins in both north and south america. in 2013 and 2014, a total of 215 f2 two-parent families of s. frugiperda were established using single-pair mating of field individuals collected from seven locations in four states of the southern u.s.: texas, louisiana, georgia, and florida. the objective of the investigation was to dete ...201627311896
performance and cross-crop resistance of cry1f-maize selected spodoptera frugiperda on transgenic bt cotton: implications for resistance management.transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins have become a primary tool in pest management. due to the intensive use of bt crops, resistance of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, to cry1f maize has occurred in puerto rico, brazil, and some areas of the southeastern u.s. the sustainability of bt crops faces a great challenge because the cry1f-maize resistant s. frugiperda may also infest other bt crops in multiple cropping ecosystems. here we examined the survival and pl ...201627301612
life-history traits of spodoptera frugiperda populations exposed to low-dose bt maize.exposure to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in low- and moderate-dose transgenic crops may induce sublethal effects and increase the rate of bt resistance evolution, potentially compromising control efficacy against target pests. we tested this hypothesis using the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda, a major polyphagous lepidopteran pest relatively tolerant to bt notorious for evolving field-relevant resistance to single-gene bt maize. late-instar larvae were collected from bt cry1ab and non ...201627243977
synthesis and larvicidal activity of novel thenoylhydrazide derivatives.a pair of chemical isomeric structures of novel n-tert-butylphenyl thenoylhydrazide compounds i and ii were designed and synthesized. their structures were characterized by ms, ir, (1)h nmr, elemental analysis and x-ray single crystal diffraction. the regioselectivity of the meerwein arylation reaction and the electrophilic substitution reaction of n-tert-butyl hydrazine were studied by density functional theory (dft) quantum chemical method. the larvicidal tests revealed that some compounds i h ...201626960713
sfdredd, a novel initiator caspase possessing activity on effector caspase substrates in spodoptera frugiperda.sf9, a cell line derived from spodoptera frugiperda, is an ideal model organism for studying insect apoptosis. the first notable study that attempted to identify the apoptotic pathway in sf9 was performed in 1997 and included the discovery of sf-caspase-1, an effector caspase of sf9. however, it was not until 2013 that the first initiator caspase in sf9, sfdronc, was discovered, and the apoptotic pathway in sf9 became clearer. in this study, we report another caspase of sf9, sfdredd. sfdredd is ...201626977926
co-expression of dorsal and rel2 negatively regulates antimicrobial peptide expression in the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta.nuclear factor κb (nf-κb) plays an essential role in regulation of innate immunity. in mammals, nf-κb factors can form homodimers and heterodimers to activate gene expression. in insects, three nf-κb factors, dorsal, dif and relish, have been identified to activate antimicrobial peptide (amp) gene expression. however, it is not clear whether dorsal (or dif) and relish can form heterodimers. here we report the identification and functional analysis of a dorsal homologue (msdorsal) and two relish ...201626847920
field-evolved mode 1 resistance of the fall armyworm to transgenic cry1fa-expressing corn associated with reduced cry1fa toxin binding and midgut alkaline phosphatase expression.insecticidal protein genes from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are expressed by transgenic bt crops (bt crops) for effective and environmentally safe pest control. the development of resistance to these insecticidal proteins is considered the most serious threat to the sustainability of bt crops. resistance in fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) populations from puerto rico to transgenic corn producing the cry1fa insecticidal protein resulted, for the first time in the united states ...201626637593
turnabout is fair play: herbivory-induced plant chitinases excreted in fall armyworm frass suppress herbivore defenses in maize.the perception of herbivory by plants is known to be triggered by the deposition of insect-derived factors such as saliva and oral secretions, oviposition materials, and even feces. such insect-derived materials harbor chemical cues that may elicit herbivore and/or pathogen-induced defenses in plants. several insect-derived molecules that trigger herbivore-induced defenses in plants are known; however, insect-derived molecules suppressing them are largely unknown. in this study, we identified tw ...201626979328
involvement of three esterase genes from panonychus citri (mcgregor) in fenpropathrin resistance.the citrus red mite, panonychus citri (mcgregor), is a major citrus pest with a worldwide distribution and an extensive record of pesticide resistance. however, the underlying molecular mechanism associated with fenpropathrin resistance in this species have not yet been reported. in this study, synergist triphenyl phosphate (tpp) dramatically increased the toxicity of fenpropathrin, suggesting involvement of carboxylesterases (cares) in the metabolic detoxification of this insecticide. the subse ...201627548163
the baculovirus antiapoptotic p35 protein functions as an inhibitor of the host rna interference antiviral response.rna interference (rnai) is considered an ancient antiviral defense in diverse organisms, including insects. virus infections generate double-strand rnas (dsrnas) that trigger the rnai machinery to process dsrnas into virus-derived short interfering rnas (vsirnas), which target virus genomes, mrnas, or replication intermediates. viruses, in turn, have evolved viral suppressors of rnai (vsrs) to counter host antiviral rnai. following recent discoveries that insects mount an rnai response against d ...201526018163
comparative effectiveness of potential elicitors of plant resistance against spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in four crop plants.feeding by insect herbivores activates plant signaling pathways, resulting in the enhanced production of secondary metabolites and other resistance-related traits by injured plants. these traits can reduce insect fitness, deter feeding, and attract beneficial insects. organic and inorganic chemicals applied as a foliar spray, seed treatment, or soil drench can activate these plant responses. azelaic acid (aa), benzothiadiazole (bth), gibberellic acid (ga), harpin, and jasmonic acid (ja) are thou ...201526332833
identification and characteristics of micrornas from army worm, spodoptera frugiperda cell line sf21.micrornas play important regulatory role in all intrinsic cellular functions. amongst lepidopteran insects, mirnas from only bombyx mori have been studied extensively with a little focus on spodoptera sp. in the present study, we identified a total of 226 mirnas from spodoptera frugiperda cell line sf21. of the total, 116 mirnas were well conserved within other insects, like b. mori, drosophila melanogaster and tribolium castenum while the remaining 110 mirnas were identified as novel based on c ...201525693181
insect inhibitor-of-apoptosis (iap) proteins are negatively regulated by signal-induced n-terminal degrons absent within viral iap proteins.inhibitor-of-apoptosis (iap) proteins are key regulators of the innate antiviral response by virtue of their capacity to respond to signals affecting cell survival. in insects, wherein the host iap provides a primary restriction to apoptosis, diverse viruses trigger rapid iap depletion that initiates caspase-mediated apoptosis, thereby limiting virus multiplication. we report here that the n-terminal leader of two insect iaps, spodoptera frugiperda sfiap and drosophila melanogaster diap1, contai ...201525653450
evidence of recent interspecies horizontal gene transfer regarding nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of spodoptera frugiperda.baculoviruses are insect-associated viruses carrying large, circular double-stranded-dna genomes with significant biotechnological applications such as biological pest control, recombinant protein production, gene delivery in mammals and as a model of dna genome evolution. these pathogens infect insects from the orders lepidoptera, hymenoptera and diptera, and have high species diversity which is expressed in their diverse biological properties including morphology, virulence or pathogenicity. s ...201526607569
the complete sequence of the first spodoptera frugiperda betabaculovirus genome: a natural multiple recombinant virus.spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a major pest in maize crops in colombia, and affects several regions in america. a granulovirus isolated from s. frugiperda (sfgv vg008) has potential as an enhancer of insecticidal activity of previously described nucleopolyhedrovirus from the same insect species (sfmnpv). the sfgv vg008 genome was sequenced and analyzed showing circular double stranded dna of 140,913 bp encoding 146 putative orfs that include 37 baculoviridae core genes, 88 sha ...201525609309
cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis active against diamondback moth and fall armyworm.biopesticides based on bacillus thuringiensis and genetically modified plants with genes from this bacterium have been used to control plutella xylostella (l.) and spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith). however, the selection pressure imposed by these technologies may undermine the efficiency of this important alternative to synthetic insecticides. toxins with different modes of action allow a satisfactory control of these insects. the purpose of this study was to characterize the protein and gene ...201526070631
two specific membrane-bound aminopeptidase n isoforms from aedes aegypti larvae serve as functional receptors for the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin implicating counterpart specificity.the interaction between bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins and their receptors on midgut cells of susceptible insect larvae is the critical determinant in toxin specificity. besides gpi-linked alkaline phosphatase in aedes aegypti mosquito-larval midguts, membrane-bound aminopeptidase n (aaeapn) is widely thought to serve as a cry4ba receptor. here, two full-length aaeapn isoforms, aaeapn2778 and aaeapn2783, predicted to be gpi-linked were cloned and successfully expressed in spodoptera frugiperd ...201525871797
fitness costs of cry1f resistance in two populations of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), collected from puerto rico and florida.the development of resistance in target pest populations is a threat to the sustainability of transgenic crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins. fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), is a major target pest of bt maize in north and south america. this insect is the first target pest that has developed field resistance to bt maize at multiple locations in these regions. the objective of this study was to assess the fitness costs associated with the cry1f resistance in t ...201525791021
resistance to dual-gene bt maize in spodoptera frugiperda: selection, inheritance, and cross-resistance to other transgenic events.transgenic crop "pyramids" producing two or more bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins active against the same pest are used to delay evolution of resistance in insect pest populations. laboratory and greenhouse experiments were performed with fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, to characterize resistance to bt maize producing cry1a.105 and cry2ab and test some assumptions of the "pyramid" resistance management strategy. selection of a field-derived strain of s. frugiperda already resistant to cr ...201526675246
cloning and functional expression of a chitinase cdna from the apple leaf miner moth lithocolletis ringoniella.insect chitinase plays essential roles in chitin catabolism involved in digestion and molting during insect development. in the current work, we cloned a chitinase cdna, lrcht5, from the apple leaf miner moth lithocolletis ringoniella and characterized its amino acid sequence and protein properties. the l. ringoniella chitinase cdna was 2136 bp in length with an open reading frame of 1737 bp that encodes a polypeptide of 579 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 64.4 kda and pi ...201525756539
cross-resistance between cry1 proteins in fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) may affect the durability of current pyramided bt maize hybrids in brazil.genetically modified plants expressing insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) offer valuable options for managing insect pests with considerable environmental and economic benefits. despite the benefits provided by bt crops, the continuous expression of these insecticidal proteins imposes strong selection for resistance in target pest populations. bt maize (zea mays) hybrids have been successful in controlling fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda), the main maize pest in brazil s ...201526473961
fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) development, survivorship, and damage on cotton plants expressing insecticidal plant-incorporated protectants.cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.), plants expressing insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner are planted on significant acreage across the southern region of the united states. fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), can be a significant cotton pest in some years, but this species has not been a primary target of bt cotton technologies. the objective of this study was to quantify fall armyworm larval survivorship and fruiting form injury on transgeni ...201526470233
lepidoptera (crambidae, noctuidae, and pyralidae) injury to corn containing single and pyramided bt traits, and blended or block refuge, in the southern united states.fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae); corn earworm, helicoverpa zea boddie (lepidoptera: noctuidae); southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar (lepidoptera: crambidae); sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis f. (lepidoptera: crambidae); and lesser cornstalk borer, elasmopalpus lignosellus zeller (lepidoptera: pyralidae), are lepidopteran pests of corn, zea mays l., in the southern united states. blended refuge for transgenic plants expressing the i ...201526470116
conidial vigor vs. viability as predictors of virulence of entomopathogenic fungi.we tested the hypothesis that debilitated conidia exhibiting slow-germination (requiring>16h to germinate) are less virulent than vigorous conidia exhibiting fast germination (requiring⩽16h to germinate). preparations of beauveria bassiana s.l. strain cg 1027 with variable ratios of vigorous to debilitated conidia were assayed against third-instar larvae of spodoptera frugiperda. as the proportion of debilitated conidia in test preparations increased, lc50 expressed in terms of total viable coni ...201525573792
factors influencing expression of antixenosis in soybean to anticarsia gemmatalis and spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae).this study aimed to evaluate some factors that influence the expression of antixenosis in soybean genotypes against anticarsia gemmatalis hübner and spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). free-choice and no-choice feeding assays were performed with the resistant soybean genotype iac 100 and the susceptible genotype brsgo 8360 using a. gemmatalis and s. frugiperda larvae. the following factors that may affect expression of resistance were evaluated: one larva versus two lar ...201526470136
suitability of creeping bentgrass and bermudagrass cultivars for black cutworms and fall armyworms (lepidoptera: noctuidae).the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon hufnagel, and fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae), are common turfgrass pests of golf courses in the southeastern united states. heat-tolerant bentgrass (agrostis stolonifera l.) cultivars are expanding the range of bentgrass further south, but these cultivars have not been studied for their potential host plant resistance to black cutworm or fall armyworm. the goals of the study were to investigate feeding response of black cutw ...201526470340
the silencing suppressor (nss) protein of the plant virus tomato spotted wilt virus enhances heterologous protein expression and baculovirus pathogenicity in cells and lepidopteran insects.in this work, we showed that cell death induced by a recombinant (vacnss) autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) expressing the silencing suppressor (nss) protein of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was enhanced on permissive and semipermissive cell lines. the expression of a heterologous gene (firefly luciferase) during co-infection of insect cells with vacnss and a second recombinant baculovirus (vagppolhfluc) was shown to increase when compared to single vagppolhfluc in ...201526323262
conspecific and heterospecific aboveground herbivory both reduce preference by a belowground herbivore.insect herbivores damage plants both above- and belowground, and interactions in each realm can influence the other via shared hosts. while effects of leaf damage on aboveground interactions have been well-documented, studies examining leaf damage effects on belowground interactions are limited, and mechanisms for these indirect interactions are poorly understood. we examined how leaf herbivory affects preference of root-feeding larvae [acalymma vittatum f. (coleoptera: chrysomelidae)] in cucumb ...201526313185
downstream processing of virus-like particles: single-stage and multi-stage aqueous two-phase extraction.the demand for vaccines against untreated diseases has enforced the research and development of virus-like particle (vlp) based vaccine candidates in recent years. significant progress has been made in increasing vlp titres during upstream processing in bacteria, yeast and insect cells. considering downstream processing, the separation of host cell impurities is predominantly achieved by time-intensive ultracentrifugation processes or numerous chromatography and filtration steps. in this work, w ...201525637013
pathogenicity of isolates of serratia marcescens towards larvae of the scarab phyllophaga blanchardi (coleoptera).serratia marcescens is a gram negative bacterium (enterobacteriaceae) often associated with infection of insects. in order to find pathogenic bacteria with the potential to control scarab larvae, several bacterial strains were isolated from the hemocoel of diseased phyllophaga spp (coleoptera:scarabaeidae) larvae collected from cornfields in mexico. five isolates were identified as serratia marcescens by 16s rrna gene sequencing and biochemical tests. oral and injection bioassays using healthy p ...201525984910
first study of different insect cells to triatoma virus infection.the use of viruses for biological control is a new option to be considered. the family dicistroviridae, which affects only invertebrates, is one of the families that have been proposed for this purpose. the triatoma virus (trv), a member of this family, affects triatomine transmitters of chagas disease, which is endemic in latin america but also expanding its worldwide distribution. to this end, we attempted virus replication in diptera, aedes albopictus (clone c6/36) and lepidoptera spodoptera ...201525481388
insect cell entrapment, growth and recovering using a single-use fixed-bed bioreactor. scaling up and recombinant protein production.insect cells are largely used for industrial production of vaccines, viral vectors and recombinant proteins as well as in research and development as an important tool for biology and bioprocess studies. they grow in suspension and are semi-adherent cells. among the cell culture systems enabling scalable bioprocess the single-use fixed-bed icellis(®) bioreactors offer great advantages. we have established the conditions for drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 (s2) and spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) ...201526481831
comparative transcriptome analysis of lufenuron-resistant and susceptible strains of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae).the evolution of insecticide resistance in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) has resulted in large economic losses and disturbances to the environment and agroecosystems. resistance to lufenuron, a chitin biosynthesis inhibitor insecticide, was recently documented in brazilian populations of s. frugiperda. thus, we utilized large-scale cdna sequencing (rna-seq analysis) to compare the pattern of gene expression between lufenuron-resistant (luf-r) and susceptible (luf-s) s. larvae in ...201526589731
synergy between rhinacanthins from rhinacanthus nasutus in inhibition against mosquito cytochrome p450 enzymes.the cytochrome p450 monooxygenases play a major role in insecticide detoxification and become a target for development of insecticide synergists. in this study, a collection of rhinacanthins (rhinacanthin-d, -e, -g, -n, -q, and -h/i) purified from rhinacanthus nasutus, in addition to previously purified rhinacanthin-b and -c, were isolated. these compounds displayed various degrees of inhibition against benzyloxyresorufin-o-debenzylation mediated by cyp6aa3 and cyp6p7 which were implicated in py ...201525869958
a comprehensive study on apoptosis induction by azadirachtin in spodoptera frugiperda cultured cell line sf9.the induction of apoptosis by azadirachtin, a well-known botanical tetranortriterpenoid isolated from the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss) and other members of the meliaceae, was investigated in spodoptera frugiperda cultured cell line (sf9). morphological changes in sf9 cells treated by various concentrations of azadirachtin were observed at different times under light microscopy. morphological and biochemical analysis indicated that sf9 cells treated by 1.5 μg/ml azadirachtin showed typi ...201525828604
improved replication of the baculovirus anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) in vitro using proteins from lonomia obliqua hemolymph.the baculovirus anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv), a member of the family baculoviridae, has been widely applied as a biopesticide for the control of the velvetbean caterpillar, a pest of soybean crop field. baculoviruses are considered safe and efficient agents for this purpose, because they do not infect vertebrates, being safe for the health of humans and animals, as well as to the environment. the objective of this work was to identify proteins obtained from lonomia obliqua ...201524969017
resistance risk assessment of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) to vip3aa20 insecticidal protein expressed in corn.transgenic agrisure viptera 3 corn that expresses cry1ab, vip3aa20, and epsps proteins and agrisure viptera expressing vip3aa20 are used for control of spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) and diatraea saccharalis (f.) in brazil. to support a resistance management program, resistance risk assessment studies were conducted to characterize the dose expression of vip3aa20 protein and level of control against these species. the vip3aa20 expression in agrisure viptera 3 and agrisure viptera decreased f ...201526470366
mortality dynamics of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) immatures in maize.we characterized the dynamics of mortality factors affecting immature developmental stages of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). multiple decrement life tables for egg and early larval stages of s. frugiperda in maize (zea mays l.) fields were developed with and without augmentative releases of telenomus remus nixon (hymenoptera: platygastridae) from 2009 to 2011. total egg mortality ranged from 73 to 81% and the greatest egg mortality was due to invi ...201526098422
redescription of campoletis sonorensis (cameron, 1886) (hymenoptera, ichneumonidae, campopleginae), parasitoid of spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith, 1797) (lepidoptera, noctuidae) in brazil.the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera; noctuidae) is a voracious pest of numerous crops of economic importance throughout the new world. in brazil, its larvae are attacked by several species of parasitoid wasps, making them potential candidate as biological control agents against this pest. a survey of the parasitoid fauna on s. frugiperda in maize crops throughout brazil reveals two species of campoletis, which are morphologicaly very similar species. in this paper we combine the ...201526675917
redescription of campoletis sonorensis (cameron, 1886) (hymenoptera, ichneumonidae, campopleginae), parasitoid of spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith, 1797) (lepidoptera, noctuidae) in brazil.abstractthe fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera; noctuidae) is a voracious pest of numerous crops of economic importance throughout the new world. in brazil, its larvae are attacked by several species of parasitoid wasps, making them potential candidate as biological control agents against this pest. a survey of the parasitoid fauna on s. frugiperda in maize crops throughout brazil reveals two species of campoletis, which are morphologicaly very similar species. in this paper we com ...201526560660
development of an enzyme-linked-receptor assay based on syrian hamster β2-adrenergic receptor for detection of β-agonists.β-adrenergic agonists (β-agonists) are illegally used in animal husbandry, threatening the health of consumers. to realize multianalyte detection of β-agonists, a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-ar) was cloned from syrian hamster lung and heterogeneously expressed by spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells. the recombinant β2-ar was purified from intracellular soluble proteins of infected sf9 cells, and was utilized to establish an enzyme-linked-receptor assay (elra) to detect a group of β-agonists simulta ...201424853343
first report of dolichozele koebelei viereck, 1911 (hymenoptera: braconidae) on larvae of spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith, 1797) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in maize (zea mays l.) under different cropping systems.in the context of the modern agriculture, pest control is important in order to increase productivity in maize (zea mays l.). however, this control should be done rationally, prioritising environmentally safer methods such as biological control. this paper aims to report the occurrence of dolichozele koebelei viereck, 1911 (hymenoptera: braconidae) in spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith, 1797) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae collected in maize subjected to different cropping systems. the experime ...201425627388
acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of haplophyton cimicidum.in oaxaca, méxico, haplophyton cimicidum is used in combination with other plants as part of a folk strategy against arthropod pests of crops and cattle. methanolic and crude alkaloid (acid-base extraction) extracts of h. cimicidum leaves were analysed by thin-layer chromatography (tlc) and assayed in vitro for acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitory activity using spodoptera frugiperda homogenates as source of enzyme. derivatised chromatographic plates indicated the presence of indoles and alkal ...201424484055
geneoptimizer program-assisted cdna reengineering enhances srage autologous expression in chinese hamster ovary cells.soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (srage) is a secreted mammalian protein that functions as a decoy to counter-react rage signaling-resultant pathological conditions, and has high therapeutic potentials. our prior studies showed that recombinant human srage expressed in chinese hamster, ceanothus griseus, ovary (cho) cells is modified by specific n-glycosylation, and exhibits higher bioactivity than that expressed in other host systems including insect spodoptera frugiperda ce ...201424373844
structure–function relationships of inhibition of mosquito cytochrome p450 enzymes by flavonoids of andrographis paniculata.the cytochrome p450 monooxygenases are known to play a major role in pyrethroid resistance, by means of increased rate of insecticide detoxification as a result of their overexpression. inhibition of detoxification enzymes may help disrupting insect detoxifying defense system. the anopheles minimus cyp6aa3 and cyp6p7 have shown pyrethroid degradation activity and been implicated in pyrethroid resistance. in this study inhibition of the extracts and constituents of andrographis paniculata nees. l ...201425015047
genome wide screening of rnai factors of sf21 cells reveal several novel pathway associated proteins.rna interference (rnai) leads to sequence specific knock-down of gene expression and has emerged as an important tool to analyse gene functions, pathway analysis and gene therapy. although rnai is a conserved cellular process involving common elements and factors, species-specific differences have been observed among different eukaryotes. identification of components for rnai pathway is pursued intensively and successful genome-wide screens have been performed for components of rnai pathways in ...201425199785
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