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n-acetyl-l-cysteine and cysteamine as new strategies against mixed biofilms of nonencapsulated streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae.acute otitis media, a polymicrobial disease of the middle ear cavity of children, is a significant public health problem worldwide. it is most frequently caused by encapsulated streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, although the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines is apparently producing an increase in the carriage of nonencapsulated s. pneumoniae frequently, pneumococci and h. influenzae live together in the human nasopharynx, forming a self-produced biof ...201727919900
phytoestrogens in milk: overestimations caused by contamination of the hydrolytic enzyme used during sample extraction.isoflavones are natural phytoestrogens with antioxidant and endocrine-disrupting potencies. monitoring of their levels is important to ensure the high quality and safety of food, milk, and dairy products. the efficiency and accuracy of phytoestrogen analyses in complex matrices such as milk depend on the extraction procedure, which often uses hydrolysis by means of the β-glucuronidase/sulfatase enzyme originating from helix pomatia. the present study reveals that the commercially available hydro ...201627394955
putative new groups of invertebrate water channels based on the snail helix pomatia l. (helicidae) mip protein identification and phylogenetic analysis.water channel proteins, classified as a family of membrane intrinsic proteins (mips) superfamily, enable rapid movement of water and small uncharged molecules through biological membranes. although water channel proteins are required in several important processes characteristic for the animals, such as osmoregulation, mucus secretion, or defense against desiccation, molluscs, until now, have been very poorly explored in this aspect. therefore, we decided to study mips in helix pomatia l. applie ...201627662803
purification of a -1,4-glucan hydrolase (cellulase) from the snail, helix pomatia. 20164714910
slow changes of membrane permeability in giant neurones of helix pomatia. 20165100571
[activators of protein kinase a and epac proteins enhance the contractile response of the isolated snail (helix pomatia) heart to serotonin].the mechanisms of camp action on the contractility of the isolated heart were studied in the snail helix pomatia. serotonin is a powerful activator of heart contractility in this animal. preincubation of the isolated heart ventricle with the activator of protein kinase a (pka) sp-8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate (200 microm) or the activator of epac proteins 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2'-o-methyladenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (100 microm) proved to enhance the amplitude of cont ...201619198079
[a case of congenital type ii dyserythropoiesis. demonstration of the antigen with helix pomatia extracts. comparative study with antigens of the cad series]. 20154453773
structure and properties of hemocyanins. xii. electron microscopy of dissociation products of helix pomatia alpha-hemocyanin: quaternary structure. 20154453014
structure and properties of hemocyanins. xiv. reassociation of helix pomatia alpha-hemocyanin. 20154453008
[synthesis and localization of l-lactate oxidase in yeasts].conditions for l-lactate oxidase synthesis by the yeast yarrowia lpolytica were investigated. the enzyme was found to be synthesized during growth on l-lactate in the exponential growth phase. l-lactate oxidase synthesis was observed, also on glucose after adaptation to stress conditions (oxidative or thermal stress) r during the stationary growth phase after glucose consumption. the cells grown on l-lactate exhibited high levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glucose-6- ...201525844463
penicillium ochrochloron mtcc 517 chitinase: an effective tool in commercial enzyme cocktail for production and regeneration of protoplasts from various fungi.penicillium ochrochloron mtcc 517 is a potent producer of chitinolytic enzymes. novozyme 234, traditional enzyme cocktail for protoplast generation is not available in the market. so, new enzyme cocktail is prepared for protoplast formation from various filamentous fungi which consists of 5 mg ml(-1) lysing enzymes from trichoderma harzianum, 0.06 mg ml(-1) β-glucuronidase from helix pomatia and 1 mg ml(-1) p. ochrochloron chitinase. the greatest number of protoplasts could be produced from most ...201525737658
measuring faecal epi-androsterone as an indicator of gonadal activity in spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta).enzyme immunoassays (eia) that measure faecal testosterone metabolites (ftm) are useful tools to monitor gonadal activity. the aim of this study was to validate an "in-house" epiandrosterone eia to monitor ftm in spotted hyenas. ftm were characterised in a male and a female hyena that each received an injection of 3h-testosterone. high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analyses revealed a cluster of highly polar enzyme-hydrolysable hormone metabolite conjugates. we performed hydrolysis us ...201526107516
molecular characterization of intergeneric hybrid between aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum by protoplast fusion.protoplast fusion between aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum and application of fusant in degradation of shellfish waste.201525444252
the influence of electromagnetic pollution on living organisms: historical trends and forecasting changes.current technologies have become a source of omnipresent electromagnetic pollution from generated electromagnetic fields and resulting electromagnetic radiation. in many cases this pollution is much stronger than any natural sources of electromagnetic fields or radiation. the harm caused by this pollution is still open to question since there is no clear and definitive evidence of its negative influence on humans. this is despite the fact that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields were ...201525811025
degalactosylated/desialylated bovine colostrum induces macrophage phagocytic activity independently of inflammatory cytokine production.colostrum contains antibodies, such as immunoglobulin g (igg), immunoglobulin a (iga) and immunoglobulin m (igm), and, therefore, has potent immunomodulating activity. in particular, iga has an o-linked sugar chain similar to that in the group-specific component (gc) protein, a precursor of the gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (gcmaf). in the present study, we investigated the macrophage-activating effects of degalactosylated/desialylated bovine colostrum.201526168491
hydrastine pharmacokinetics and metabolism after a single oral dose of goldenseal (hydrastis canadensis) to humans.the disposition and metabolism of hydrastine was investigated in 11 healthy subjects following an oral dose of 2.7 g of goldenseal supplement containing 78 mg of hydrastine. serial blood samples were collected for 48 hours, and urine was collected for 24 hours. hydrastine serum and urine concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). pharmacokinetic parameters for hydrastine were calculated using noncompartmental methods. the maximal serum concentrat ...201525609220
lectin histochemistry shows wga, pha-l and hpa binding increases during progression of human colorectal cancer.most colorectal carcinomas develop from an adenoma-carcinoma sequence to metastatic disease. the aim of the present study was to use lectins, carbohydrate-binding proteins, to detect changes in glycosylation during this malignant progression.201526408694
lectin binding in meningiomas.forty-two meningiomas of different morphological sub-type were examined to determine their pattern of binding to 11 different lectins which characterize cell surface components such as carbohydrate residues. histiocytic and xanthoma cells within meningiomas could be demonstrated with six different lectins: wheat germ agglutinin (wga), peanut agglutinin (pna) bauhinia purpurea agglutinin (bpa), helix pomatia agglutinin (hpa), vicia fava agglutinin (vfa) and soyabean agglutinin (sba). vascular ele ...20153658105
pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase: a purified enzyme for the mild hydrolysis of steroid sulfates.the hydrolysis of sulfate ester conjugates is frequently required prior to analysis for a range of analytical techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). sulfate hydrolysis may be achieved with commercial crude arylsulfatase enzyme preparations such as that derived from helix pomatia but these contain additional enzyme activities such as glucuronidase, oxidase, and reductase that make them unsuitable for many analytical applications. strong acid can also be used to hydroly ...201525739756
praziquantel efficacy against brachylaima sp. metacercariae (trematoda: brachylaimidae) parasitizing the edible landsnail cornu aspersum and its hplc-ms/ms residue determination.cornu aspersum is a terrestrial edible snail, often parasitized by brachylaima (trematoda) metacercariae. ingestion of undercooked snails by humans allows metacercariae to develop to adult in the intestine causing brachylaimiasis (expected mortality rate 5-10%). the cosmopolitan character of the trematode and of its vector, enhanced in a future climate change scenario, and the absence of adequate sanitary controls of the snails in marketplaces clearly increase the risk of human brachylaimiasis. ...201526140831
accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in water, sediments, and aquatic organisms in rural rivers in the taihu lake region, china.concentrations of heavy metals (cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, and zn) were measured in water, sediments, ceratophyllum (hornwort), and bellamya sp. (edible snail) from residential, mixed (industrial and commercial), and agricultural areas with rural rivers in the taihu lake region, china. zn concentrations were the highest, whereas cd concentrations were the lowest among the six metals in water, sediments, and aquatic organisms. cd was mainly present in the acid-soluble fraction, cr in the residual fracti ...201525422112
pharmacological studies confirm neurotoxic metabolite(s) produced by the bloom-forming cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in hungary.a rapid cyanobacterial bloom of cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (3.2 × 10(4) filaments/ml) was detected early november, 2012, in the fancsika pond (east hungary). the strong discoloration of water was accompanied by a substantial fish mortality (even dead cats were seen on the site), raising the possibility of some toxic metabolites in the water produced by the bloom-forming cyanobacteria (c. raciborskii). the potential neuronal targets of the toxic substances in the bloom sample were studied on ...201524293352
development of lectin-linked immunomagnetic separation for the detection of hepatitis a virus.the accuracy and sensitivity of pcr-based methods for detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) are dependent on the methods used to separate and concentrate the hav from the infected cells. the ph and ionic strength affect the binding affinity of the virus to cells. in this study, we initially investigated the effects of ph (4.0-10.0) and metal ions (fe²⁺, co²⁺, cu²⁺, mg²⁺, k⁺, and ca²⁺) on the binding of hav to oyster digestive cells. the lowest relative binding (rb) of hav to the cells was found a ...201424599279
synthesis, hydrolysis and stability of psilocin glucuronide.a two-step synthesis of psilocin glucuronide (pcg), the main metabolite of psilocin, with methyl 2,3,4-tri-o-isobutyryl-1-o-trichloroacetimidoyl-α-d-glucopyranuronate is reported. with the synthesized pcg, hydrolysis conditions in serum and urine were optimized. escherichia coli proved to be a better enzyme source for β-glucuronidase than helix pomatia. it was essential to add ascorbic acid to serum samples to protect psilocin during incubation. furthermore the stability of pcg and psilocin was ...201424513688
evaluation of abalone β-glucuronidase substitution in current urine hydrolysis procedures.this study examined the potential of abalone β-glucuronidase as a viable and cost effective alternative to current hydrolysis procedures using acid, helix pomatia β-glucuronidase and escherichia coli β-glucuronidase. abalone β-glucuronidase successfully hydrolyzed oxazepam-glucuronide and lorazepam-glucuronide within 5% of the spiked control concentration. benzodiazepines present in authentic urine specimens were within 20% of the concentrations obtained with the current hydrolysis procedure usi ...201424488113
lactic acid microflora of the gut of snail cornu aspersum.the intestinal lactic acid microflora of the edible snail cornu aspersum was studied by culture-based methods and was phenotypically and molecularly characterized. the antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolates was investigated. snails in different stages of development were collected from farms located in several regions of bulgaria. one hundred twenty-two isolates, belonging to the group of lab, were characterized morphologically and were divided into four groups. representa ...201426019550
the glycoprofile patterns of endothelial cells in usual interstitial pneumonia.the pathological classification of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis has been a matter of debate and controversy for histopathologists.201425270010
galectin-1-mediated cell adhesion, invasion and cell death in human anaplastic large cell lymphoma: regulatory roles of cell surface glycans.galectin-1 is known to be one of the extracellular matrix proteins. to elucidate the biological roles of galectin-1 in cell adhesion and invasion of human anaplastic large cell lymphoma, we performed cell adhesion and invasion assays using the anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell line h-alcl, which was previously established in our laboratory. from the cell surface lectin array, treatment with neuraminidase from arthrobacter ureafaciens which cleaves all linkage types of cell surface sialic acid ...201424589677
[site of elaboration and migration of glycoproteins in the golgi apparatus of multifid glands cells of the snail helix pomatia (l.) after labelling in vitro. high-resolution autoradiographic study]. 20144249185
[2 types of neurons differing in their plastic properties: study of ionic mechanisms].plasticity ionic mechanisms of 2 types of neurones identified in the brain of snail helix pomatia: habituating and non-habituating to rhythmic intracellular stimulation by dc pulses were studied. it has been shown that the development of habituation is due to entering of ca2+ into the cell and by its activation of ca-dependent k-conductivity of the membrane, leading to hyperpolarization, decrease of input resistance and elimination of spike response to stimulation. depression of ca-dependent k-c ...20144036328
[effects of po2 on the electric resistance of the neuromembrane of helix pomatia]. 20144231643
chemical sensitivity at different temperatures of the br-type, bimodal pace-maker neurone in the cns of the snail helix pomatia l. 20144155588
study of neurosecretory cells of helix pomatia by intracellular dye injection. 20144104442
[spectrofluorometric and cytochemical research on biogenic amines in the cerebral ganglion of helix pomatia]. 20144143424
primary structure of the low-molecular-weight carbohydrate chains of helix pomatia alpha-hemocyanin. xylose as a constituent of n-linked oligosaccharides in an animal glycoprotein.alpha-hemocyanin of helix pomatia is a copper-containing glycoprotein which serves as an oxygen carrier in the hemolymph. its carbohydrate moiety has as constituents fucose, xylose, 3-o-methylgalactose, mannose, galactose, n-acetylgalactosamine, and n-acetyl-glucosamine residues. alkaline borhydride did not split off any carbohydrate material, suggesting the absence of o-glycosidic chains. the n-glycosidic carbohydrate chains of this glycoprotein were liberated by hydrazinolysis of a pronase dig ...20144055767
[catecholeamine biosynthesis in the mollusk helix pomatia. in vitro demonstration of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase]. 20144149725
surface glycoproteins as markers of the cellular status of b chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes.the phenotype of b cll cells is investigated with respect to their surface glycoproteins. these glycoproteins are identified by vectorial tritiation followed by 1 and 2 dimensional gel electrophoresis, and by lectin and moab binding using immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry. the profiles of the cll cells are compared with those of normal b cells, prepared from tonsils, and t cells from peripheral blood. the cll cells show many similarities with t cells, particularly the expression of glycopro ...20133877584
sulfatases from helix pomatia. 20133657554
cedia dau benzodiazepine screening assay: a reformulation.the cedia dau benzodiazepine assay has been reformulated to include online hydrolysis of urinary benzodiazepine glucuronide conjugates. the new antibody possesses enhanced cross-reactivities toward the low-dose benzodiazepines, which are excreted at low urinary drug-metabolite concentrations. the screening method was evaluated using lorazepam as the probe benzodiazepine. four subjects each consumed a 1-mg lorazepam tablet. sequential urine voids over the same time intervals were collected for th ...20139681328
contamination of deconjugation enzymes derived from helix pomatia with the plant bioactive compounds 3,3'-diindolylmethane, 5-methoxypsoralen, and 8-methoxypsoralen.bioactive compounds from plant foods are intensely investigated for effects on disease prevention. β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase from helix pomatia (snail) is commonly used when quantifying exposure to metabolized dietary components. however, we describe here the contamination of multiple formulations of this enzyme preparation with 3,3'-diindolylmethane (dim), 8-methoxypsoralen (8-mop), and 5-methoxypsoralen (5-mop), bioactives from cruciferous and apiaceous vegetables under investigation as pu ...201323994708
synthesis of 4-methylumbelliferyl α-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-mannopyranoside and development of a coupled fluorescent assay for gh125 exo-α-1,6-mannosidases.certain bacterial pathogens possess a repertoire of carbohydrate processing enzymes that process host n-linked glycans and many of these enzymes are required for full virulence of harmful human pathogens such as clostridium perfringens and streptococcus pneumoniae. one bacterial carbohydrate processing enzyme that has been studied is the pneumococcal virulence factor spgh125 from s. pneumoniae and its homologue, cpgh125, from c. perfringens. these exo-α-1,6-mannosidases from glycoside hydrolase ...201323816041
gastropod seed dispersal: an invasive slug destroys far more seeds in its gut than native gastropods.seed dispersal is one of the most important mechanisms shaping biodiversity, and animals are one of the key dispersal vectors. animal seed dispersal can directly or indirectly be altered by invasive organisms through the establishment of new or the disruption of existing seed dispersal interactions. so far it is known for a few gastropod species that they ingest and defecate viable plant seeds and consequently act as seed dispersers, referred to as gastropodochory. in a multi-species experiment, ...201324086477
novel perspectives on the transcytotic route in osteoclasts.we analyzed the characteristics of degraded bone matrix-delivering vesicles along the transcytotic route from the ruffled border to the functional secretory domain (fsd) in bone-penetrating osteoclasts. cells of rat or human origin were cultured on bovine bone slices and analyzed via confocal microscopy. helix pomatia lectin binding indicated that transcytotic vesicles expose aberrant n-acetylgalactosamine glycoconjugates, which is associated with a poor prognosis for a range of metastasizing hu ...201323951543
prednisolone and prednisone neo-formation in bovine urine after sampling.the rise in the frequency of detecting prednisolone in bovine urine from northern italy has come into focus of attention in recent years. the possibility that neo-formation of prednisolone or that prednisone may occur in urine after collection of samples was therefore investigated. cow urine collected for official routine controls in lombardy containing more than 80 ng/ml cortisol, and prednisolone and prednisone below the decision limit (ccα) of the method (0.4 and 0.5 ng/ml, respectively) was ...201222558973
o-glycosylation of snails.the glycosylation abilities of snails deserve attention, because snail species serve as intermediate hosts in the developmental cycles of some human and cattle parasites. in analogy to many other host-pathogen relations, the glycosylation of snail proteins may likewise contribute to these host-parasite interactions. here we present an overview on the o-glycan structures of 8 different snails (land and water snails, with or without shell): arion lusitanicus, achatina fulica, biomphalaria glabrata ...201222581130
neurotoxic effects evoked by cyanobacterial extracts suggest multiple receptors involved in electrophysiological responses of molluscan (cns, heart) models.the responses of the snail central neurons (helix pomatia, lymnaea stagnalis) and the isolated helix heart were characterized evoked by cyanobacterial extracts (cylindrospermopsis raciborskii act strains) isolated from lake balaton (hungary). the nicotinergic acetylcholine (ach) receptors in the cns (both excitatory and inhibitory) were blocked by the extracts of act 9502 and act 9505 strains and the anatoxin- a (homoanatoxin-a) producing reference strain of oscillatoria sp. (pcc 6506), similar ...201222776489
distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic organisms of different trophic levels and potential health risk assessment from taihu lake, china.aquatic organisms of different trophic levels were taken from taihu lake. heavy metals (cu, zn, cr, ni, cd, pb) were measured in phytoplankton, zooplankton, in two species of zoobenthos, and in eight fish species, as well as in the water column and bottom sediments. results showed that the concentration of cu and zn for all organisms was much higher than for other metals, and cd was the lowest in all species. generally, heavy metal concentrations in phytoplankton were higher than in zooplankton. ...201222633085
ht-2 toxin 4-glucuronide as new t-2 toxin metabolite: enzymatic synthesis, analysis, and species specific formation of t-2 and ht-2 toxin glucuronides by rat, mouse, pig, and human liver microsomes.glucuronides of the mycotoxin t-2 toxin and its phase i metabolite ht-2 toxin are important phase ii metabolites under in vivo and in vitro conditions. since standard substances are essential for the direct quantitation of these glucuronides, a method for the enzymatic synthesis of t-2 and ht-2 toxin glucuronides employing liver microsomes was optimized. structure elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nmr) and mass spectrometry revealed that besides t-2 toxin glucuronide and ht ...201222967261
[avesicular intercellular contacts in the neuropil of the ganglia of the subpharyngeal complex and in the nerves of the edible snail].intercellular interconnections in neuropil of dorsal ganglia in the subpharyngeal complex and nerves have been studied in a mature snail (helix pomatia), dimensions of the shell--3.0 x 3.5 sm, after double fixation (glutaraldehyde and osmium tetraoxide) and treatment with phosphoric tungsten acid. zones of the neuropil in the left pleural and parietal ganglia have been investigated--where the nerves leave ganglia and in the area of giant cells; neuropil of the central part of both parietal gangl ...20123426412
[effects of fmrfamide on the activity of command neurons in defensive behavior of fed and fasting snails, helix pomatia].fmrfamide (phe-met-arg-phe-nh2) micropneumophoresis changed bimodally the activity of lpa2, lpa3, ppa2 and ppa3 neurones in fasting and fed helix pomatia. in fasting creatures peptide application elicited hyperpolarization and decreased the neuronal membrane excitability and responses to tactile stimulation. in fed snails peptide application caused depolarization, decreased membrane resistance and increased the neuronal membrane excitability and responses to tactile stimulation. neurophysiologic ...20123382722
glycocalyx characterisation and glycoprotein expression of sus domesticus epididymal sperm surface samples.the sperm surface is covered with a dense coating of carbohydrate-rich molecules. many of these molecules are involved in the acquisition of fertilising ability. in the present study, eight lectins (i.e. arachis hypogae (peanut) agglutinin (pna), lens culimaris (lentil) agglutinin-a (lca), pisum sativum (pea) agglutin (psa), triticum vulgari (wheat) germ agglutinin (wga), helix pomatia agglutinin (hpa), phaseolus vulgaris (red kidney bean) leucoagglutinin (pha-l), glycine max (soybean) agglutini ...201222541550
effects of an oxidative agent and lectins on the binding inhibition of recombinant hepatitis a virus proteins to oyster digestive tissues.while the exact mechanism of hepatitis a virus (hav) accumulation remains unclear, it has been demonstrated that viruses related to shellfish-borne gastroenteritis can bind to carbohydrates of oyster tissues. we investigated carbohydrate-binding sites to determine if they were related to the binding of hav to carbohydrate moieties on oyster digestive tissues (dts) using recombinant hav proteins (rhavps). in addition, we evaluated lectins to determine if they influenced the inhibition of binding ...201121219781
[effect of the opiate antagonist naloxone on the electrical activity of identified neurons in the edible snail].the opiate antagonist naloxone modifies the electric activity of some identified neurons of the helix lucorum which have not been preliminary exposed to the effect of exogenous opioids. some neurons are excited while others are inhibited by naloxone, and in both cases the reaction may have both a short and long latent period. the reactions depend on naloxone dose and become less expressed or are blocked when naloxone is administered together with the agonists of opiate receptor (morphine, d-ala2 ...20113040132
the multicomponent analysis of estrogens in urine by ion exchange chromatography and gc-ms--i. quantitation of estrogens after initial hydrolysis of conjugates.a method for the multicomponent analysis of estrogens in urine after initial hydrolysis of the conjugates is described. following protection of the carbonyl functions by ethoximation, estrogen conjugates were extracted on sep-pak c18 cartridges and purified on the acetate form of deae-sephadex. the samples were subsequently hydrolysed by helix pomatia juice and the hydrolysate was purified on the acetate form of qae-sephadex. estrogens with vicinal cis-hydroxyls and diphenolic compounds were fra ...20113041111
shaping mechanisms of metal specificity in a family of metazoan metallothioneins: evolutionary differentiation of mollusc metallothioneins.the degree of metal binding specificity in metalloproteins such as metallothioneins (mts) can be crucial for their functional accuracy. unlike most other animal species, pulmonate molluscs possess homometallic mt isoforms loaded with cu(+) or cd(2+). they have, so far, been obtained as native metal-mt complexes from snail tissues, where they are involved in the metabolism of the metal ion species bound to the respective isoform. however, it has not as yet been discerned if their specific metal o ...201121255385
chemoenzymatic synthesis of diverse thiohydroximates from glucosinolate-utilizing enzymes from helix pomatia and caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus.thiohydroximates comprise a diverse class of compounds important in both biological and industrial chemistry. their syntheses are generally limited to simple alkyl and aryl compounds with few stereocenters and a narrow range of functional groups. we hypothesized that sequential action of two recombinant enzymes, a sulfatase from helix pomatia and a ß-o-glucosidase from caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, on glucosinolates would allow synthesis of thiohydroximates from a structurally broad arra ...201121267762
reduction of temazepam to diazepam and lorazepam to delorazepam during enzymatic hydrolysis.it has been previously reported that treatment of urinary oxazepam by commercial ß-glucuronidase enzyme preparations, from escherichia coli, helix pomatia and patella vulgata, results in production of nordiazepam (desmethyldiazepam) artefact. in this study, we report that this unusual reductive transformation also occurs in other benzodiazepines with a hydroxyl group at the c3 position such as temazepam and lorazepam. as determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, all three e ...201121298417
identification, cloning, and characterization of two n-acetylgalactosamine-binding lectins from the albumen gland of helix pomatia.helix pomatia agglutinin (hpa), the lectin from the albumen gland of the roman snail, has been used in histochemical studies relating glycosylation changes to the metastatic potential of solid tumors. to facilitate the use of hpa in a clinical (diagnostic) setting, detailed analysis of the lectin, including cloning and recombinant production of hpa, is required. a combination of isoelectric focusing, amino acid sequence analysis, and cloning revealed two polypeptides in native hpa preparations ( ...201121372134
analysis of 4-aminobiphenyl in smoker's and nonsmoker's urine by tandem mass spectrometry.the aromatic amine 4-aminobiphenyl (4-abp) is present in tobacco smoke. in humans, it is also a known bladder carcinogen. we describe here a method for the quantification of total 4-abp in urine using capillary gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, with an effective detection limit in urine samples of approximately 0.87 pg/ml. we also examined the efficiency of chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of urinary aromatic amine metabolites. although we found acidic or basic hydrolysis effective, w ...201121438718
bacterial adherence in otitis media: determination of n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac) residues in the submucosal glands and surface epithelium of the normal and diseased eustachian tube.acute otitis media (aom) is the most common childhood infection caused by bacteria. the pathogenesis of aom implicates initial adherence of a pathogen to the nasopharyngeal epithelium, which is followed by bacterial colonization of the middle ear cavity through the eustachian tube. n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac) is an important constituent of mucins and galnac containing sugar residues seem to be essential for initial adherence of respiratory bacteria to the surface of epithelial cells.201121440051
effect of tear hyperosmolarity and signs of clinical ocular surface pathology upon conjunctival goblet cell function in the human ocular surface.purpose: to investigate the effect of tear hyperosmolarity and signs of clinical ocular surface pathology upon conjunctival goblet cell population. methods: 111 participants were assessed using tear osmolarity (to) measurements and a comprehensive selection of clinical ophthalmic tests. the resultant clinical database was assessed for evidence of patterns of composite increasing pathology. the total, filled, and empty goblet cell numbers were measured: total number of goblet cells as per cytoker ...201121519030
phenoloxidase activity of intact and chemically modified functional unit rvh1-a from molluscan rapana venosa hemocyanin.o-diphenol oxidase activities (o-dipo) of chemically modified functional unit rvh1-a of molluscan hemocyanin rapana venosa were studied using l-dopa and dopamine as substrates. with l-dopa as substrate the native fu rvh1-a did not show any o-dipo activity. therefore the native fu rvh1-a was converted to enzymatic active form, after treatment with sds, trypsin, urea and different values of ph when its o-dipo activity was studied. the highest artificial induction of o-dipo activity was observed af ...201121536147
investigation of the persistence of nitroxynil residues in milk from lactating dairy cows by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.nitroxynil is an anthelmintic used in the treatment of liver fluke. in this study, six dairy cows were treated during lactation with trodax, a 34% solution containing nitroxynil as its n-ethylglucamine salt, indicated for the treatment of fascioliasis in cattle and sheep. samples were collected twice daily for 16 days and later at weekly intervals up to 58 days post-treatment. nitroxynil residues were extracted from milk samples using acetonitrile; magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride were adde ...201121657788
bioassay based screening of steroid derivatives in animal feed and supplements.receptor binding transcription activation bioassays are valuable tools for the screening of steroid hormones in animal feed and supplements. however, steroid derivatives often lack affinity for their cognate receptor and do not show any direct hormonal activity by themselves. these compounds are thus not detected by these kinds of bioassays and need a bioactivation step in order to become active, both in vivo and in vitro. in this study a comparison was made between different in vitro activation ...201121742131
helix pomatia agglutinin binding glycoproteins in thyroid tumors.binding of the lectin helix pomatia agglutinin (hpa) has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in many human cancers, but not in thyroid cancer. the aims of the present study were to assess alteration in cellular glycosylation, detected by hpa binding, in thyroid tumors; to determine if such altered glycosylation carries any prognostic significance; and to analyze qualitative and quantitative differences of hpa-binding glycoproteins in various thyroid tumors.201121845460
possible evidence of contamination by catechins in deconjugation enzymes from helix pomatia and abalone entrails.β-glucuronidase and sulfatase are the major deconjugating enzymes used in the cleavage of the glucuronate and sulfate moieties, respectively, from certain conjugated food factors including polyphenols. in the present study, we found that compounds having the same molecular weights as catechins were present in helix pomatia- and/or abalone entrails-derived β-glucuronidase and sulfatase by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) with multiple reaction monitoring methods. on the o ...201121821947
Hepatoprotective activity of the edible snail (Bellamia bengalensis) flesh extract in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats.In the folk-traditional medicine, snails were used to purify blood, boost immune system, prevent conjunctivitis and to treat liver problems.201121945824
effect of the gc-derived macrophage-activating factor precursor (pregcmaf) on phagocytic activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages.the 1f1f subtype of the gc protein (gc(1f1f) protein) was converted into gc-derived macrophage-activating factor (gcmaf) by enzymatic processing in the presence of β-galactosidase of an activated b-cell and sialidase of a t-cell. we hypothesized that pregc(1f1f)maf, the only gc(1f1f) protein lacking galactose, can be converted to gcmaf in vivo because sialic acid is cleaved by residual sialidase. hence, we investigated the effect of pregc(1f1f)maf on the phagocytic activation of mouse peritoneal ...201121873164
differences in predatory pressure on terrestrial snails by birds and mammals.the evolution of shell polymorphism in terrestrial snails is a classic textbook example of the effect of natural selection in which avian and mammalian predation represents an important selective force on gene frequency. however, many questions about predation remain unclear, especially in the case of mammals. we collected 2000 specimens from eight terrestrial gastropod species to investigate the predation pressure exerted by birds and mice on snails. we found evidence of avian and mammalian pre ...201121857115
The overlooked difference between human endogenous and recombinant erythropoietins and its implication for sports drug testing and pharmaceutical drug design.Sequential deglycosylation by exoglycosidase treatment (Reagent Array Analysis Method, RAAM) and subsequent sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a profound structural difference between human endogenous and recombinant erythropoietins. While both proteins behaved similarly upon digestion with Arthrobacter ureafaciens a-sialidase and Steptococcus pneumoniae ß-D-galactosidase, the action of N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase from Steptococcus pneumoniae was partl ...201122140023
MDR-1-overexpression in HT 29 colon cancer cells grown in SCID mice.The multidrug-resistance 1 (MDR-1) P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a transmembrane transporter system, which actively pumps cytotoxic drugs out of the cell. MDR-1 acquired in vitro differs from MDR-1 acquired in vivo, but has important consequences on the cellular phenotype and metastatic behavior. Here we report that the human colonic cancer cell line HT29 (MDR-1 negative) is more malignant than its MDR-1 overexpressing variant (HT29 MDR-1 positive). HT29 MDR-1 negative cells produce undifferentiated s ...201122154301
study of the pest community of velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medic.).velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medicus 1787) is one of the most economically threatening weed plant in hungary. researching biological control against it, and identifying a possible and effective biocontrol agent is an important challenge, as chemical control is difficult and expensive, and there is an increasing claim to practice slight plant protection. entomological studies were made in several parts of the world, for evaluating the species, occuring in velvetleaf, but none of these kind of ...201122696962
[reversible reactivity of the dansyl derivative of n-acetylgalactosamine with helix pomatia a hemagglutinin]. 20113560520
inhibition of dna synthesis by a small-cell lung carcinoma-derived protein.a tumor-derived factor that inhibits cellular dna synthesis was identified. the factor was extractable from a small-cell lung carcinoma cell line grown in either chemically defined medium or nu/nu mice and inhibited tritiated thymidine ([3h]dthd) incorporation by tumor cell lines of autologous, allogeneic, and xenogeneic origins. the viability of nonproliferating cells from normal tissue was not affected. tumor extract inhibitory activity was trypsin labile but was resistant to other proteases, ...20103020301
acid phosphatase activity in beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase preparation from helix pomatia. 20103815814
[changes in the intracellular concentration of calcium ions in isolated neurons of the edible snail detected by chlortetracycline fluorescence].chlorotetracycline fluorescence changes were studied in isolated snail (helix pomatia) neurons. it was shown that the properties of chlorotetracycline fluorescence satisfy those necessary for ca-sensitive probes. chlorotetracycline fluorescence increased during membrane depolarization induced by k+ increase in the medium or by addition of veratridine. both effects were absent in ca-free solution or in cd-containing medium. caffeine also induced an increase in chlorotetracycline fluorescence. thi ...20103128743
membrane currents induced by pentylenetetrazol in identified neurons of helix pomatia.after systemic application of pentylenetetrazol (ptz), mammalian as well as molluscan neurons generate epileptic paroxysmal depolarization shifts. for a further analysis of these potential oscillations the membrane currents induced by local application of ptz onto identified neurons of helix pomatia were investigated. different types of responses were obtained at membrane potentials negative and positive to ca. -30 mv. at holding potentials more negative than -30 mv, ptz as a rule evoked an inwa ...20102852986
[long-term potentiation in the neurons of the edible snail].a brief high-frequency stimulation of the anal nerve of the isolated nerve ring of snail helix induced a pronounced increase in the amplitude of epsps, evoked in identified neurons of left parietal and visceral ganglions by low frequency (once in 5 min) stimulation of the same nerve. the amplitude of epsp returned to the control level 30-120 min after tetanization. we called this effect long-term potentiation. a brief application of serotonin (10 microm) in the majority of neurons also induced l ...20102850036
identification of n-acetylgalactosamine in carbohydrates of xenopus laevis testis.identification of glycans in amphibian testis has shown the existence of n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac)-containing carbohydrates. labeling of the sperm acrosome with galnac-binding lectins has allowed the identification of galnac-containing glycans in this organelle. futhermore, this specific labeling of the acrosome has allowed the study of acrosomal biogenesis by lectin histochemistry. however, the testis of xenopus laevis has never been analyzed by lectin histochemistry to locate galnac-conta ...201021235011
[effect of ionizing radiation on the functional state of snail neurons. phospholipid composition and levels of free fatty acids].a study was made of the effect of ionizing radiation on the phospholipid composition and the level of free fatty acids in nervous ganglia of edible snails (helix pomatia). ionizing radiation was shown to decrease the total content of phospholipids and to change certain fractions and accumulation of lysoforms. the increase in the free fatty acid content indicated an activation of endogenous phospholipase hydrolysis. model experiments on treatment of nervous ganglia with phospholipase a2 demonstra ...20103628736
[specific and nonspecific components in the neurohumoral link of the conditioned food-refusal reflex in the edible snail].on snails, the action was studied of hemolymph of donors with conditioned food refusal reflex on acquisition of the same habit by intact snails-recipients in case of coincidence or of difference of conditioned stimuli in donors and recipients. specific component of the facilitating effect was distinctly manifest at selection of optimal doze of hemolymph and depended on the season. at non-optimal parameters of the experiment the specific component of the facilitating effect was masked by the non- ...20102893499
peptidergic modulation of serotonin and nerve elicited responses of the salivary duct muscle in the snail, helix pomatia.in the present study, the ability of a range of endogenous neuropeptides to modulate neuromuscular transmission was examined in the salivary duct neuromuscular preparation of the terrestrial snail, helix pomatia. immunohistochemical and physiological techniques were used to localize the neuropeptides (gspyfvamide, carp, fmrfamide and apgwamide) and to investigate whether contractions elicited by the stimulation of the salivary nerve or by exogenously applied 5-ht are subject to peptidergic modul ...201020307609
e-/p-selectins and colon carcinoma metastasis: first in vivo evidence for their crucial role in a clinically relevant model of spontaneous metastasis formation in the lung.interactions of endothelial selectins with tumour cell glycoconjugates have been shown to have a major role in tumour cell dissemination in previous experiments. however, experiments validating this observation were limited in value, as 'metastases' in these experiments were artificially induced by i.v. injection rather than developed spontaneously as in true metastases.201020010946
enzymatic glycosylation, inhibitor design, and synthesis and formation of glyco-self assembled monolayers for simulation of recognition.glycosyltransferases from the albumen gland of helix pomatia could be used in tandem mode for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of beta,1-3/beta,1-6-linked oligogalactans. by employing recombinant trans-sialidase of trypanosoma cruzi (tcts) the formation of a range of modified galbeta,1-3galnac derivatives could be terminally alpha,2-3 sialylated. biacore studies indicated the binding of these modified trisaccharides to myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag). using an eight-step synthetic route n-acyl- ...201020042251
systematic error in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantification of hydrolyzed urinary steroids.gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling can lead to an understanding of various disease mechanisms as well as to identifying new diagnostic biomarkers by comparing the metabolites related in quantification. however, the unexpected transformation of urinary steroids during enzymatic hydrolysis with helix pomatia could result in an underestimation or overestimation of their concentrations. a comparison of beta-glucuronidase extracted from escherichia coli revealed 18 conver ...201020086107
survey of glycoantigens in cells from alpha1-3galactosyltransferase knockout pig using a lectin microarray.glycoantigens represent major obstacles to successful xenotransplantation. even after the alpha1-3galactosyltransferase (galt) gene knockout (galt-ko) pigs were produced, non-gal antigens continue to be present. this study reports on lectin blot analyses for endothelial cells (ec) and fibroblasts from galt-ko pigs.201020149189
lectin-binding sites on ejaculated stallion sperm during breeding and non-breeding periods.stallion sperm from semen collected in southern italy during the breeding (june-july) and non-breeding (december-january) periods were analyzed by means of twelve lectins to evaluate the glycoconjugate pattern and to verify whether there are any seasonal differences in the glycosylation pattern of the sperm glycocalyx. the acrosomal cap showed reactivity for maackia amurensis (mal ii), sambucus nigra (sna), arachis hypogaea (pna), glycine max (sba), helix pomatia (hpa), canavalia ensiformis (con ...201020172596
feasibility of capillary liquid chromatography/microchip atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry in analyzing anabolic steroids in urine samples.we examined the feasibility of capillary liquid chromatography/microchip atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry (caplc/microappi-ms/ms) for the analysis of anabolic steroids in human urine. the urine samples were pretreated by enzymatic hydrolysis (with beta-glucuronidase from helix pomatia), and the compounds were liquid-liquid extracted with diethyl ether. after separation the compounds were vaporized by microchip appi, photoionized by a 10 ev krypton discharge lamp, and ...201020209666
determination of alkylresorcinol metabolites in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.alkylresorcinols (ars) are phenolic lipids present at high concentrations in the outer parts of rye and wheat kernels and have been proposed as biomarkers for intake of whole grain and bran products of these cereals. ar are absorbed in the small intestine and after hepatic metabolism two major metabolites, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (dhba) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (dhppa), are excreted in urine either as such or as conjugates. urine samples from nine individuals were incubated ...201020223713
mechanisms of achromatic vision in invertebrates and vertebrates: a comparative study.intracellular recording in the retina of the snail, helix pomatia l., reveals the existence of two types of cell responsive to diffuse flashes of achromatic or monochromatic light: b-type cells, which respond with sustained depolarization that is sometimes accompanied by spikes, and d-type cells, which respond with sustained hyperpolarization. the peak of spectral sensitivity for both b- and d-cells falls in the 450-500 nm range and coincides with range of maximal sensitivity for the rhodopsin f ...201020480676
a novel reductive transformation of oxazepam to nordiazepam observed during enzymatic hydrolysis.beta-glucuronidase is an enzyme often employed to de-conjugate beta-glucuronides during urinary drug testing for benzodiazepines. it is commonly accepted that use of beta-glucuronidase is a preferred method of hydrolysis over acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, which is known to induce benzodiazepine degradation and transformation. literature to date, however, has not reported any cases of benzodiazepine transformation initiated by commercial beta-glucuronidase products. in this study, urine specimens co ...201020529458
first trimester histiotrophe shows altered sialylation compared with secretory phase glycoconjugates in human endometrium.histiotrophe is now recognized as being an important feature of early human pregnancy, providing nutrients and growth factors to the developing embryo. our aim was to examine the glycan composition of histiotrophe from first trimester decidua and to compare it with secretions present in endometrial glands from the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.201020569980
profiling oestrogens and testosterone in human urine by stable isotope dilution/benchtop gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.oestrogens, such as oestrone (e(1)), 17β-oestradiol (e(2)), oestriol (e(3)) and their biologically active metabolites 2-methoxyoestrone (2-meoe(1)), 2-hydroxyoestradiol (2-ohe(2)) 16-ketooestradiol (16-oe(2)), 16-epioestriol (16-epie(3)), as well as testosterone (t) play an important role in physiological and pathological developmental processes during human development. we therefore aimed at developing an isotope dilution/bench top gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (id/gc-ms) method, based o ...201020619283
solid-phase synthesis of a pentavalent galnac-containing glycopeptide (tn antigen) representing the nephropathy-associated iga hinge region.incomplete or aberrant glycosylation leading to tn antigen (galnacalpha1-ser/thr) expression on human glycoproteins is strongly associated with human pathological conditions, including tumors, certain autoimmune diseases, such as the idiopathic iga nephropathy, and may modulate immune homeostasis. in addition, the tn antigen is highly expressed by certain pathogens and plays a role in host-pathogen interactions. to enable experimental approaches to study interactions of the tn antigen with the i ...201020719305
deconjugation kinetics of glucuronidated phase ii flavonoid metabolites by beta-glucuronidase from neutrophils.flavonoids are inactivated by phase ii metabolism and occur in the body as glucuronides. mammalian beta-glucuronidase released from neutrophils at inflammatory sites may be able to deconjugate and thus activate flavonoid glucuronides. we have studied deconjugation kinetics and ph optimum for four sources of beta-glucuronidase (human neutrophil, human recombinant, myeloid plb-985 cells, helix pomatia) with five flavonoid glucuronides (quercetin-3-glucuronide, quercetin-3'-glucuronide, quercetin-4 ...201020814159
expression and localization of mcsialec, a sialic acid-specific lectin in the marine bivalve manila clam, ruditapes philppinarum.a novel sialic acid-specific lectin (mcsialec) was detected from an expressed sequenced tag (est) sequence from manila clam haemocytes infected with perkinsus olseni. the cdna of the lectin was cloned using gene-specific primers based on a previously determined est and characterized. the full-length cdna of mcsialec is 603 bp in length and encodes a polypeptide of 200 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 21.928 kda. sequence alignment and protein motif analyses showed that mcsialec sh ...201021039608
expression of helix pomatia lectin binding glycoproteins in women with breast cancer in relationship to their blood group phenotypes.aberrant glycosylation occurs in essentially all types of human cancers. a difference in glycopattern of proteins will result in a change of function of the proteins. the lectin from helix pomatia (hpa) recognizes n-acetylgalactosaminylated glycoproteins and very consistent results over the increased binding of hpa in tissue sections are associated with metastasis progression and poor patient prognosis in a range of human adenocarcinomas. the induced modification of protein function after change ...200918998722
an enzyme cocktail for efficient protoplast formation in aspergillus niger.novozym 234 has been traditionally used to prepare protoplasts for genetic transformation of fungi. since it is no longer on the market, a new enzyme cocktail was defined to protoplast aspergillus niger. the cocktail consists of lysing enzymes from trichoderma harzianum, chitinase from streptomyces griseus and beta-glucuronidase from helix pomatia.200919041907
specificity analysis of lectins and antibodies using remodeled glycoproteins.due to their ability to bind specifically to certain carbohydrate sequences, lectins are a frequently used tool in cytology, histology, and glycan analysis but also offer new options for drug targeting and drug delivery systems. for these and other potential applications, it is necessary to be certain as to the carbohydrate structures interacting with the lectin. therefore, we used glycoproteins remodeled with glycosyltransferases and glycosidases for testing specificities of lectins from aleuri ...200919123999
synthesis of sulfated glucosaminides for profiling substrate specificities of sulfatases and fungal beta-n-acetylhexosaminidases.systematic sulfation: sulfated glycoconjugates are degraded either by desulfation followed by glycoside cleavage, or by glycoside cleavage followed by desulfation. to study these processes, here we report the synthesis of four regioisomerically sulfated p-nitrophenyl glucosaminides from the common precursor p-nitrophenyl n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminide. these substrates allowed the rapid analysis of the substrate preferences of a set of four sulfatases and 24 hexosaminidases.sulfated carbohydrates ...200919156788
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