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nematode neuropeptides as transgenic nematicides.plant parasitic nematodes (ppns) seriously threaten global food security. conventionally an integrated approach to ppn management has relied heavily on carbamate, organophosphate and fumigant nematicides which are now being withdrawn over environmental health and safety concerns. this progressive withdrawal has left a significant shortcoming in our ability to manage these economically important parasites, and highlights the need for novel and robust control methods. nematodes can assimilate exog ...201728241060
insect deterrent and nematicidal screening of microfungi from mexico and anti-aphid compounds from gliomastix masseei.fungal metabolites are promising alternatives for the development of biorational pesticides. in this sense, microfungi from tropical regions are valuable sources of natural compounds for pest management. with the aim of broadening the search for new eco-friendly products to manage plant pests, this study was carried out to evaluate the biological activity of 23 tropical fungal extracts on three species of phytophagous insects and a plant parasitic nematode. in addition, the active principles of ...201728258772
expression and evolutionary analyses of three acetylcholinesterase genes (mi-ace-1, mi-ace-2, mi-ace-3) in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.the full cdna of mi-ace-3 encoding an acetylcholinesterase (ache) in meloidogyne incognita was cloned and characterized. mi-ace-3 had an open reading frame of 1875 bp encoding 624 amino acid residues. key residues essential to ache structure and function were conserved. the deduced mi-ace-3 protein sequence had 72% amino acid similarity with that of ditylenchus destructor dd-ache-3. phylogenetic analyses using 41 aches from 24 species showed that mi-ace-3 formed a cluster with 4 other nematode a ...201728238686
embryogenesis in the parasitic nematode heterodera glycines is independent of host-derived hatching stimulation.many parasites regulate their development to synchronize their life cycle with a compatible host. the parasitic nematode heterodera glycines displays incomplete host-mediated hatching behavior wherein some h. glycines individuals hatch only in the presence of a host-derived cue while others hatch in water alone. furthermore, h. glycines shows variable hatching behavior based on oviposition location. the mechanisms regulating this hatching variability are unknown. in this study, we established a ...201728077087
an early record of meloidogyne fallax from ireland.root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp., cause huge economic losses worldwide. currently, three meloidogyne spp. are present on the quarantine a2 list of eppo, meloidogyne chitwoodi, meloidogyne fallax and meloidogyne enterolobii. as a quarantine organism, meloidogyne fallax has been detected in england and northern ireland on sport turf in 2011, and in england on leek in 2013. however, its presence in ireland has probably been overlooked since 1965, when mr. john f. moore and dr. mary t. franklin ...201728144174
meloidogyne graminicola: a major threat to rice agriculture.superkingdom eukaryota; kingdom metazoa; phylum nematoda; class chromadorea; order tylenchida; suborder tylenchina; infraorder tylenchomorpha; superfamily tylenchoidea; family meloidogynidae; subfamily meloidogyninae; genus meloidogyne.201726950515
rapid, simple and direct detection of meloidogyne hapla from infected root galls using loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with fta technology.the northern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne hapla) is a damaging nematode that has caused serious economic losses worldwide. in the present study, a sensitive, simple and rapid method was developed for detection of m. hapla in infested plant roots by combining a flinders technology associates (fta) card with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). the specific primers of lamp were designed based on the distinction of internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences between m. hapla and other ...201728368036
identification of two meloidogyne hapla genes and an investigation of their roles in the plant-nematode interaction.root-knot nematodes are soil-borne pathogens that invade and establish feeding sites in plant roots. they have an extremely broad host range, including most vascular plants. during infection of a susceptible host, root-knot nematodes secrete molecules called effectors that help them establish an intimate interaction with the plant and, at the same time, allow them to evade or suppress plant immune responses. despite the fact that meloidogyne hapla is a significant pest on several food crops, no ...201728301312
assessing attraction of nematodes to host roots using pluronic gel medium.nematodes and other organisms perceive and respond to plant root exudates. these exudates are affected by the condition and genetic makeup of the plant. attraction of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne hapla to roots is altered in plants with mutations affecting ethylene signaling, suggesting that the root exudates to which the nematode responds are modulated by ethylene signaling. nematode interactions with roots have been difficult to observe directly due to the opaqueness of soil. a medium ba ...201728293853
brassinosteroids act as a positive regulator for resistance against root knot nematode involving respiratory burst oxidase homolog-dependent activation of mapks in tomato.interplay of hormones with reactive oxygen species (ros) fine-tunes the response of plants to stress, however, the crosstalk between brassinosteroids (brs) and ros in nematode resistance is unclear. in this study, we found that low br biosynthesis or lack of br receptor increased whilst exogenous br decreased the susceptibility of tomato plants to meloidogyne incognita. hormone quantification coupled with hormone mutant complementation experiments revealed that br did not induce the defense resp ...201728370079
new nematotoxic indoloditerpenoid produced by gymnoascus reessii za-130.chemical investigation of the fungal strain gymnoascus reessii za-130, which was previously isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants infected by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita, led to the isolation and identification of a new indoloditerpenoid metabolite designated gymnoascole acetate. its structure was established by spectroscopic methods including 1d- and 2d-nmr and ms analyses. gymnoascole acetate demonstrated strong adverse effects on m. incognita second-stage juvenile (j ...201728343383
induction of sa-signaling pathway and ethylene biosynthesis in trichoderma harzianum-treated tomato plants after infection of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.salicylic acid-signaling pathway and ethylene biosynthesis were induced in tomato treated with trichoderma harzianum when infected by root-knot nematodes and limited the infection by activation of sar and ethylene production. soil pre-treatment with trichoderma harzianum (th) strains item 908 (t908) and t908-5 decreased susceptibility of tomato to meloidogyne incognita, as assessed by restriction in nematode reproduction and development. the effect of t. harzianum treatments on plant defense was ...201728239746
transcriptome analysis of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita)-infected tomato (solanum lycopersicum) roots reveals complex gene expression profiles and metabolic networks of both host and nematode during susceptible and resistance responses.root knot nematodes (rkns, meloidogyne incognita) are economically important endoparasites having a wide-host range. we have taken a comprehensive transcriptomic approach to investigate the expression of both tomato and rkn genes in tomato roots at five infection time intervals from susceptible plants and two infection time intervals from resistant plants, grown under soil conditions. differentially expressed genes during susceptible (1827-tomato, 462-rkn) and resistance (25-tomato, 160-rkn) int ...201728220591
three-dimensional ultrastructure of feeding tubes and interconnected endoplasmic reticulum in root-knot nematode-induced giant cells in rose balsam.we investigated the three-dimensional ultrastructure of feeding tubes and the surrounding region in giant cells induced in rose balsam (impatiens balsamina l.) roots by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita, using osmium maceration coupled with field emission scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem). in the roots of 35-day-old galled rose balsam plants, adult nematodes induced the formation of giant cells containing feeding tubes and numerous organelles, including tubular endoplasmic reticul ...201728204899
genome-wide analysis of excretory/secretory proteins in root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita provides potential targets for parasite control.the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita causes significant damage to various economically important crops. infection is associated with secretion of effector proteins into host cytoplasm and interference with host innate immunity. to combat this infection, the identification and functional annotations of excretory/secretory (es) proteins serve as a key to produce durable control measures. the identification of es proteins through experimental methods are expensive and time consuming while ...201728187376
phytoalexin phenalenone derivatives inactivate mosquito larvae and root-knot nematode as type-ii photosensitizer.phytoalexins phenalenones (pns) are phytochemicals biosynthesized inside the plant in responsive to exterior threat. pns are excellent type-ii photosensitizers, which efficiently produce singlet oxygen upon light irradiation. based on the core functional structure of pns, novel pn derivatives were synthesized here and their singlet oxygen generating abilities and their phototoxicity were evaluated. at the presence of light, these pns have photoinduced toxicity towards aedes albopictus larvae and ...201728169356
gene expression analysis in musa acuminata during compatible interactions with meloidogyne incognita.endoparasitic root-knot nematodes (rkns) (meloidogyne spp.) cause considerable losses in banana (musa spp.), with meloidogyne incognita a predominant species in cavendish sub-group bananas. this study investigates the root transcriptome in musa acuminata genotypes 4297-06 (aa) and cavendish grande naine (cav; aaa) during early compatible interactions with m. incognita methods: roots were analysed by brightfield light microscopy over a 35 d period to examine nematode penetration and morphological ...201728130221
exploiting cell cycle inhibitor genes of the krp family to control root-knot nematode induced feeding sites in plants.cell cycle control in galls provoked by root-knot nematodes involves the activity of inhibitor genes like the arabidopsis ick/krp members. ectopic krp1, krp2 and krp4 expression resulted in decreased gall size by inhibiting mitotic activity, whereas krp6 induces mitosis in galls. herein, we investigate the role of krp3, krp5 and krp7 during gall development and compared their role with previously studied members of this class of cell cycle inhibitors. overexpression of krp3 and krp7 culminated i ...201728103637
comparative efficacy of different approaches to managing meloidogyne incognita on green bean.a greenhouse study was conducted to compare the relative efficacy of different approaches to managing meloidogyne incognita on green bean. these approaches included chemical (fumigant, non-fumigant, seed dressing, and seed dip), biological (the egg-parasitic fungus, paecilomyces lilacinus and the mycorrhizal fungus glomus sp.), physical (soil solarization), and cultural (chicken litter and urea) methods. accordingly, nine different control materials and application methods plus nematode-infected ...201728053585
transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) in response to root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita infection.the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne incognita reproduces on the roots of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), damaging crops, reducing crop yield, and causing economic losses annually. the development of resistant genotypes is an alternative strategy to effectively control these losses. however, the molecular mechanism responsible for host pathogenesis and defense responses in tobacco specifically against rkns remain poorly understood. here, root transcriptome analysis of resistant (yuyan12) and su ...201727914810
resistance-breaking population of meloidogyne incognita utilizes plant peroxidase to scavenge reactive oxygen species, thereby promoting parasitism on tomato carrying mi-1 gene.resistance conferred by the mi-1 gene from solanum peruvianum is effective and widely used for controlling root-knot nematodes (rkns, meloidogyne spp.). however, breakdown of resistance by rkns seriously threatens the durable application of the resistance resource. here, a resistance-breaking population of m. incognita was selected from an avirulent population by continuously inoculating on mi-1-carrying tomato. histological observations showed the resistance-breaking population would not induce ...201727836538
shifting from priming of salicylic acid- to jasmonic acid-regulated defences by trichoderma protects tomato against the root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.beneficial root endophytes such as trichoderma spp. can reduce infections by parasitic nematodes through triggering host defences. little is currently known about the complex hormone signalling underlying the induction of resistance. in this study, we investigated whether trichoderma modulates the hormone signalling network in the host to induce resistance to nematodes. we investigated the role and the timing of the jasmonic acid (ja)- and salicylic acid (sa)-regulated defensive pathways in tric ...201727801946
direct nematicidal effects of methyl jasmonate and acibenzolar-s-methyl against meloidogyne incognita.the aim of this study was to examine the nematicidal properties of two defence inducers against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. a direct-contact bioassay was applied to evaluate the nematicidal effects of acibenzolar-s-methyl (asm) and methyl jasmonate (meja) on second-stage juveniles (j2). nematodes were incubated in different concentrations of these compounds, and the numbers of immobile nematodes were counted after 24 and 48 h post incubation. tap water was then added to verify ...201727658537
molecular characterization of fmrfamide-like peptides in meloidogyne graminicola and analysis of their knockdown effect on nematode infectivity.the rice root-knot nematode, meloidogyne graminicola, seriously impairs the growth and yield of rice which is an important staple food worldwide. the disruption of neuropeptide signalling leading to attenuation in nematode behaviour and thereby perturbed infection, offers an attractive alternative to control nematodes. in this direction, the present study was aimed at mining of putative fmrfamide-like peptides (flps) from the transcriptomic dataset of m. graminicola followed by characterization ...201728366833
transcriptomic and histological responses of african rice (oryza glaberrima) to meloidogyne graminicola provide new insights into root-knot nematode resistance in monocots.the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is responsible for production losses in rice ( oryza sativa ) in asia and latin america. the accession tog5681 of african rice, o. glaberrima , presents improved resistance to several biotic and abiotic factors, including nematodes. the aim of this study was to assess the cytological and molecular mechanisms underlying nematode resistance in this accession.201728334204
below-ground attack by the root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola predisposes rice to blast disease.magnaporthe oryzae (rice blast) and the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola are causing two of the most important pathogenic diseases jeopardizing rice production. here, we show that root-knot nematode infestation on rice roots leads to important above-ground changes in plant immunity gene expression, which is correlated with significantly enhanced susceptibility to blast disease. a detailed metabolic analysis of oxidative stress responses and hormonal balances demonstrates that the above ...201728151048
ozonated water reduces susceptibility in tomato plants to meloidogyne incognita by the modulation of the antioxidant system.few studies have been carried out on the effect of ozonated water (o3 wat) on the oxidative stress of root systems and, in particular, in combination with biotic stress. the aim of this study was to determine whether aqueous ozone is effective in the control of root-knot nematode (rkn) infection and to investigate the concomitant changes in the basal defence system. a tomato cultivar susceptible to meloidogyne incognita was treated with o3 wat as a soil drench. no negative effects were seen foll ...201727071373
multivariate statistics applied to the reaction of common bean plants to parasitism by meloidogyne javanica.the availability of common bean cultivars tolerant to meloidogyne javanica is limited in brazil. thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the reactions of 33 common bean genotypes (23 landrace, 8 commercial, 1 susceptible standard and 1 resistant standard) to m. javanica, employing multivariate statistics to discriminate the reaction of the genotypes. the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with seven replicates. the seeds were sown in 1-l pots containi ...201728362984
integrative taxonomy of root-knot nematodes reveals multiple independent origins of mitotic parthenogenesis.during sampling of several coffea arabica plantations in tanzania severe root galling, caused by a root-knot nematode was observed. from pure cultures, morphology and morphometrics of juveniles and females matched perfectly with meloidogyne africana, whereas morphology of the males matched identically with those of meloidogyne decalineata. based on their cox1 sequence, however, the recovered juveniles, females and males were confirmed to belong to the same species, creating a taxonomic conundrum ...201728257464
genome-wide analysis of expansin superfamily in wild arachis discloses a stress-responsive expansin-like b gene.expansins are plant cell wall-loosening proteins involved in adaptive responses to environmental stimuli and various developmental processes. the first genome-wide analysis of the expansin superfamily in the arachis genus identified 40 members in a. duranensis and 44 in a. ipaënsis, the wild progenitors of cultivated peanut (a. hypogaea). these expansins were further characterized regarding their subfamily classification, distribution along the genomes, duplication events, molecular structure, a ...201728243841
genetic diversity among exotic cotton accessions as for qualitative and quantitative traits.studying genetic diversity among a group of genotypes is important in genetic breeding because identifying hybrid combinations of greater heterotic effect also increases the chance of obtaining plants with favorable allele combinations in an intra-population selection program. the objective of this study was to compare different types of long and extra-long staple cotton and their genetic diversity in relation to the fiber traits and some agronomic traits in order to grant breeding programs. div ...201728198514
first record of the root knot nematode, <i>meloidogyne</i> <i>minor</i> in new zealand with description, sequencing information and key to known species of <i>meloidogyne</i> in new zealand.meloidogyne minor karssen et al. 2004 was collected from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) growing in a sports ground in christchurch, new zealand. this is a new record for m. minor, the first report of this nematode occurring in new zealand, and the second report from the southern hemisphere (after chile). in general, the new zealand isolate of m. minor corresponds well to the descriptions of m. minor given by karssen et al. (2004). the new zealand isolate is characterized by having a fema ...201728187538
tomato progeny inherit resistance to the nematode meloidogyne javanica linked to plant growth induced by the biocontrol fungus trichoderma atroviride.root-knot nematodes (rkn) are major crop pathogens worldwide. trichoderma genus fungi are recognized biocontrol agents and a direct activity of trichoderma atroviride (ta) against the rkn meloidogyne javanica (mj), in terms of 42% reduction of number of galls (ng), 60% of number of egg masses and 90% of number of adult nematodes inside the roots, has been observed in tomato grown under greenhouse conditions. an in vivo split-root designed experiment served to demonstrate that ta induces systemic ...201728071749
genotyping of single spore isolates of a pasteuria penetrans population occurring in florida using snp-based markers.to generate single spore lines of a population of bacterial parasite of root-knot nematode (rkn), pasteuria penetrans, isolated from florida and examine genotypic variation and virulence characteristics exist within the population.201727862724
methyl transfer in glucosinolate biosynthesis mediated by indole glucosinolate o-methyltransferase 5.indole glucosinolates (igs) are plant secondary metabolites that are derived from the amino acid tryptophan. the product of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) ig core biosynthesis, indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate (i3m), can be modified by hydroxylation and subsequent methoxylation of the indole ring in position 1 (1-ig modification) or 4 (4-ig modification). products of the 4-ig modification pathway mediate plant-enemy interactions and are particularly important for arabidopsis innate immunity. w ...201627810943
cazyme content of pochonia chlamydosporia reflects that chitin and chitosan modification are involved in nematode parasitism.pochonia chlamydosporia is a soil fungus with a multitrophic lifestyle combining endophytic and saprophytic behaviors, in addition to a nematophagous activity directed against eggs of root-knot and other plant parasitic nematodes. the carbohydrate-active enzymes encoded by the genome of p. chlamydosporia suggest that the endophytic and saprophytic lifestyles make use of a plant cell wall polysaccharide degradation machinery that can target cellulose, xylan and, to a lesser extent, pectin. this e ...201627668983
redirection of auxin flow in arabidopsis thaliana roots after infection by root-knot nematodes.plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes induce the formation of giant cells within the plant root, and it has been recognized that auxin accumulates in these feeding sites. here, we studied the role of the auxin transport system governed by aux1/lax3 influx proteins and different pin efflux proteins during feeding site development in arabidopsis thaliana roots. data generated via promoter-reporter line and protein localization analyses evoke a model in which auxin is being imported at the basipetal ...201627312670
optimum concentrations of trichoderma longibrachiatum and cadusafos for controlling meloidogyne javanica on zucchini plants.a factorial experiment was established in a completely randomized design to verify the effect of different inoculum levels of an iranian isolate of trichoderma longibrachiatum separately and in combination with various concentrations of cadusafos against meloidogyne javanica in the greenhouse. zucchini seeds were soaked for 12 hr in five densities (0, 10(5), 10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) spores/ml suspension) of the fungus prior to planting in pots containing four concentrations of cadusafos (0, 0.5, ...201627168653
resistance to root-knot nematodes meloidogyne spp. in woody plants.i. 42 ii. 43 iii. 44 iv. 47 v. 49 vi. 50 vii. 50 viii. 50 ix. 52 52 references 52 summary: root-knot nematodes (rkns) meloidogyne spp. cause major damage to cultivated woody plants. among them, prunus, grapevine and coffee are the crops most infested by worldwide polyphagous species and species with a more limited distribution and/or narrower host range. the identification and characterization of natural sources of resistance are important steps to develop rkn control strategies. in woody crops, ...201627128375
chitosan enhances parasitism of meloidogyne javanica eggs by the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia.pochonia chlamydosporia (pc), a nematophagous fungus and root endophyte, uses appressoria and extracellular enzymes, principally proteases, to infect the eggs of plant parasitic nematodes (ppn). unlike other fungi, pc is resistant to chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, used in agriculture as a biopesticide to control plant pathogens. in the present work, we show that chitosan increases meloidogyne javanica egg parasitism by p. chlamydosporia. using antibodies specific to the pc enzymes vcp1 ...201627020158
effects of different inoculum densities of trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride against meloidogyne javanica on tomato.a greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different inoculum densities of two saudi isolates of trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride against meloidogyne javanica on tomato. four densities (10(4), 10(6), 10(8) and 10(10) spores/g of soil) of each fungus were used. the results indicate that all four inoculum densities of the two trichoderma species suppressed the nematode reproduction and root galling; and increased the growth of tomato plants, compared to controls. ...201626981012
root-lesion nematodes suppress cabbage aphid population development by reducing aphid daily reproduction.empirical studies have shown that belowground feeding herbivores can affect the performance of aboveground herbivores in different ways. often the critical life-history parameters underlying the observed performance effects remain unexplored. in order to better understand the cause for the observed effects on aboveground herbivores, these ecological mechanisms must be better understood. in this study we combined empirical experiments with a modeling approach to analyze the effect of two root fee ...201626904074
the power of omics to identify plant susceptibility factors and to study resistance to root-knot nematodes.technology has contributed to the advances on the genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic analyses of the plant-root-knot nematode (rkn) interaction. holistic approaches to obtain expression profiles, such as cdna libraries, differential display, q-pcr, microarray hybridization, massive sequencing, etc., have increased our knowledge on the molecular aspects of the interaction and have triggered the development of biotechnological tools to control this plague. an important limitation, ...201626363962
evolutionarily distant pathogens require the arabidopsis phytosulfokine signalling pathway to establish disease.secreted peptides and their specific receptors frequently orchestrate cell-to-cell communication in plants. phytosulfokines (psks) are secreted tyrosine-sulphated peptide hormones, which trigger cellular dedifferentiation and redifferentiation upon binding to their membrane receptor. biotrophic plant pathogens frequently trigger the differentiation of host cells into specialized feeding structures, which are essential for successful infection. we found that oomycete and nematode infections were ...201626290138
nematicidal activity of allyl bromide and dibromo(nitro)methane under laboratory conditions.restrictions on soil fumigants are prompting the development of new compounds for controlling nematodes, other soilborne pathogens and weeds. we evaluated the nematicidal activity of five bromine compounds against meloidogyne javanica in vitro, and tested the two most effective ones against pratylenchus penetrans and xiphinema index in vitro and in soil.201625754847
differentially expressed small rnas in arabidopsis galls formed by meloidogyne javanica: a functional role for mir390 and its tas3-derived tasirnas.root-knot nematodes (rkns) induce inside the vascular cylinder the giant cells (gcs) embedded in the galls. the distinctive gene repression in early-developing gcs could be facilitated by small rnas (srna) such as mirnas, and/or epigenetic mechanisms mediated by 24nt-srnas, rasirnas and 21-22nt-srnas. therefore, the srna-population together with the role of the mir390/tas3/arfs module were studied during early gall/gc formation. three srna libraries from 3-d-post-inoculation (dpi) galls induced ...201626542733
selecting native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to promote cassava growth and increase yield under field conditions.the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (amf) inoculation in sustainable agriculture is now widespread worldwide. although the use of inoculants consisting of native amf is highly recommended as an alternative to commercial ones, there is no strategy to allow the selection of efficient fungal species from natural communities. the objective of this study was (i) to select efficient native amf species (ii) evaluate their impact on nematode and water stresses, and (iii) evaluate their impact on ca ...201628066381
mi-1 gene expression in tomato plants under root-knot nematode invasion and treatment with salicylic acid.the dynamics of expression of two homologous genes mi-1.1 and mi-1.2 in the roots of resistant and susceptible tomato plants in non-invasion conditions and during invasion with the root-knot nematode m. incognita was studied. nematode invasion was accompanied by a significant increase in the expression level of both genes; however, the accumulation of transcripts at the early stages of nematode invasion in the penetration of nematode juveniles to the roots was observed only in plants that contai ...201628058682
bioactive volatiles from an endophytic daldinia cf. concentrica isolate affect the viability of the plant parasitic nematode meloidogyne javanica.plant-parasitic nematodes form one of the largest sources of biotic stress imposed on plants, and are very difficult to control; among them are the obligate parasites, the sedentary root-knot nematodes (rkns)-meloidogyne spp.-which are extremely polyphagous and exploit a very wide range of hosts. endophytic fungi are organisms that spend most of their life cycle within plant tissue without causing visible damage to the host plant. many endophytes secrete specialized metabolites and/or emit volat ...201627997626
pr proteins in plants infested with the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita (kofoid et white, 1919) chitwood 1949. 201612918384
msp40 effector of root-knot nematode manipulates plant immunity to facilitate parasitism.root-knot nematodes (rkns) are obligate biotrophic parasites that invade plant roots and engage in prolonged and intimate relationships with their hosts. nematode secretions, some of which have immunosuppressing activity, play essential roles in successful parasitism; however, their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. here, we show that the rkn-specific gene mimsp40, cloned from meloidogyne incognita, is expressed exclusively in subventral oesophageal gland cells and is strongly upregul ...201626797310
mi-flp-18 and mi-mpk-1 genes are potential targets for meloidogyne incognita control.meloidogyne incognita is a major plant parasite that causes root-knot disease in numerous agricultural crops. this nematode has severely affected greenhouse crops in china. chemical insecticides are generally used to control this pest, but they have adverse environmental and human toxicity effects; hence, safe and effective strategies for controlling the root-knot nematode (rkn) are necessary. fmrfamide-like peptides (flps) have diverse physiological and biological effects on the locomotory, fee ...201626785173
interactions between the oomycete pythium arrhenomanes and the rice root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola in aerobic asian rice varieties.aerobic rice fields are frequently infested by pathogenic oomycetes (pythium spp.) and the rice root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. here, the interaction between pythium arrhenomanes and meloidogyne graminicola was studied in rice roots of two aerobic rice varieties. in different experimental set-ups and infection regimes, plant growth, rice yield, pythium colonization, as well as establishment, development and reproduction of m. graminicola were studied.201627473143
thiamine-induced priming against root-knot nematode infection in rice involves lignification and hydrogen peroxide generation.thiamine (vitamin b1, vb1) can act as a plant defence trigger, or priming agent, leading to a rapid counterattack on pathogen invasion. in this study, the priming effect of thiamine on rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) and its activity against root-knot nematode (meloidogyne graminicola) infection were evaluated. thiamine treatment and subsequent nematode inoculation activated hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) accumulation and lignin deposition in plant roots, and this correlated with enhanced transcrip ...201627103216
comparing the defence-related gene expression changes upon root-knot nematode attack in susceptible versus resistant cultivars of rice.rice is one of the major staple food crops in the world and an excellent model system for studying monocotyledonous plants. diseases caused by nematodes in rice are well documented and among them, root-knot nematode (rkn), meloidogyne graminicola, causes extensive yield decline. it is therefore necessary to identify novel sources of natural resistance to rkn in rice and to investigate the rice-rkn interaction in detail to understand the basal plant defence mechanisms and nematode manipulation of ...201626961568
molecular characterization of putative parasitism genes in the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne hispanica.meloidogyne hispanica (mhi) is a difficult-to-control polyphagous root-knot nematode (rkn) species of emerging importance for economically valuable crops. nematode secretions are likely to be the first signals perceived by the plant and are thought to be involved in various aspects of the plant-nematode interaction. the aims of this work were to identify and characterize m. hispanica parasitism genes: cathepsin l cysteine protease (cpl-1), calreticulin (crt-1), β-1,4-endoglucanase-1 (eng-1) and ...201625319213
identification and characterization of micrornas in the plant parasitic root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita using deep sequencing.the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita is among the most damaging plant-parasitic pests of several crops including cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and tomato (lycopersicon escultentum). recently, a genome has become available for m. incognita, which greatly facilitates investigation of the interactions between m. incognita and its plant hosts at the molecular level and enables formation of hypotheses concerning development at the cellular level. micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small rna mole ...201626743520
in vivo imaging of microtubule organization in dividing giant cell.mitosis which is a major step during plant development can also be observed in physiopathological conditions. during the compatible interaction between the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita and its host arabidopsis, the pathogen induce through repeated divisions without complete cytokinesis the formation of hypertrophied and multinucleate feeding cells, named giant cells. due to the presence of hypertrophied plant cell material surrounding the giant cells, classical live cell imaging gave ...201626659960
host transcriptional profiling at early and later stages of the compatible interaction between phaseolus vulgaris and meloidogyne incognita.the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) is one of most devastating pathogens that attack the common bean crop. although there is evidence that some cultivars have race-specific resistance against m. incognita, these resistance sources have not proved effective, and nematodes are able to circumvent the host's defense system. we constructed rna-seq based libraries and used a high-throughput sequencing platform to analyze the plant responses to m. incognita. assessments were performed at 4 a ...201626551451
expression of a cystatin transgene in eggplant provides resistance to root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita.root-knot nematodes (rkn) cause substantial yield decline in eggplant and sustainable management options to minimize crop damage due to nematodes are still limited. a number of genetic engineering strategies have been developed to disrupt the successful plant-nematode interactions. among them, delivery of proteinase inhibitors from the plant to perturb nematode development and reproduction is arguably the most effective strategy. in the present study, transgenic eggplant expressing a modified ri ...201627516765
untargeted metabolomics of tomato plants after root-knot nematode infestation.after 2 months from the infestation of tomato plants with the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne incognita, we performed a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry untargeted fingerprint analysis for the identification of characteristic metabolites and biomarkers. principal component analysis, and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis suggested dramatic local changes of the plant metabolome. in the case of tomato leaves, β-alanine, phenylalanine, and melibiose were indu ...201627389052
coupling of mic-3 overexpression with the chromosomes 11 and 14 root-knot nematode (rkn) (meloidogyne incognita) resistance qtls provides insights into the regulation of the rkn resistance response in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum).genetic analysis of mic-3 transgene with rkn resistance qtls provides insight into the resistance regulatory mechanism and provides a framework for testing additional hypotheses. resistance to root-knot nematode (rkn) (meloidogyne incognita) in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is mediated by two major quantitative trait loci (qtl) located on chromosomes 11 and 14. the mic-3 (meloidogyne induced cotton3) protein accumulates specifically within the immature galls of rkn-resistant plants that pos ...201627314265
synthesis, nematocidal activity and docking study of novel chiral 1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives.a series of novel chiral fluorinated pyrazole carboxamides derivatives were designed and synthesized. all these title compounds were confirmed by nmr and ms. the primarily nematocidal activity results indicated that some of them exhibited good control efficacy against the tomato root-knot nematode disease caused by meloidogyne incognita. the docking results indicated that compound 5n interact with amino acid residue tyr 121, trp 279 of ache via hydrogen bond.201627301365
influence of root-knot nematode infestation on antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll content and growth in pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth.plants adapt themselves to overcome adverse environmental conditions, and this involves a plethora of concurrent cellular activities. physiological experiments or metabolic profiling can quantify this response. among several diseases of pogostemon cablin (blanco) benth. (patchouli), root-knot nematode infection caused by meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood causes severe damage to the plant and hence, the oil production. in the present study, we identified m. incognita morphological ...201627295922
potent nematicidal activity of maleimide derivatives on meloidogyne incognita.different maleimide derivatives were synthesized and assayed for their in vitro activity on the soil inhabiting, plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita, also known as root-knot nematode. the compounds maleimide, n-ethylmaleimide, n-isopropylmaleimide, and n-isobutylmaleimide showed the strongest nematicidal activity on the second stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode with ec50/72h values of 2.6 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 3.4, 16.2 ± 5.4, and 19.0 ± 9.0 mg/l, respectively. we also determined the ne ...201627249054
poplar-root knot nematode interaction: a model for perennial woody species.plant root-knot nematode (rkn) interaction studies are performed on several host plant models. though rkn interact with trees, no perennial woody model has been explored so far. here, we show that poplar (populus tremula × p. alba) grown in vitro is susceptible to meloidogyne incognita, allowing this nematode to penetrate, to induce feeding sites, and to successfully complete its life cycle. quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to study changes in p ...201627135257
impact of direct and indirect application of rising furfural concentrations on viability, infectivity and reproduction of the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita in pisum sativum.the gradual withdraw of several broadly used nematicides from market has enhanced the need to develop sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives with nematicidal properties. furfural is one of the promising alternatives to fill this need. baseline information about the impact of furfural on egg hatch, penetration potential and ultrastructure of nematode is lacking. in this study, the reagent-grade (purity ≥ 99.0%) of furfural was applied against meloidogyne incognita. in vitro tests showed gradua ...201627133267
early development of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.detailed descriptions of the early development of parasitic nematodes are seldom available. the embryonic development of the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita was studied, focusing on the early events.201627122249
stage-wise identification and analysis of mirna from root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.in this study, we investigated global changes in mirnas of meloidogyne incognita throughout its life cycle. small rna sequencing resulted in approximately 62, 38, 38, 35, and 39 mb reads in the egg, j2, j3, j4, and female stages, respectively. overall, we identified 2724 known and 383 novel mirnas (read count > 10) from all stages, of which 169 known and 13 novel mirna were common to all the five stages. among the stage-specific mirnas, mir-286 was highly expressed in eggs, mir-2401 in j2, mir-8 ...201627775666
the infection of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) roots by meloidogyne incognita alters the expression of actin-depolymerizing factor (adf) genes, particularly in association with giant cell formation.cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is threatened by substantial yield losses due to the south root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita). however, understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of nematode infection is still limited. in this study, we found that m. incognita infection affected the structure of cells in cucumber roots and treatment of the cytoskeleton inhibitor (cytochalasin d) reduced root-knot nematode (rkn) parasitism. it is known that actin-depolymerizing factor ...201627695469
grafting and paladin pic-21 for nematode and weed management in vegetable production.two years of field trials conducted in a meloidogyne incognita-infested field evaluated grafting and paladin pic-21 (dimethyl disulfide:chloropicrin [dmds:pic] 79:21) for root-knot nematode and weed control in tomato and melon. tomato rootstocks evaluated were; 'tx301', 'multifort', and 'aloha'. 'florida 47' was the scion and the nongrafted control. a double crop of melon was planted into existing beds following tomato harvest. melon rootstocks, c. metulifer and 'tetsukabuto', were evaluated wit ...201628154429
a genome-wide association study of a global rice panel reveals resistance in oryza sativa to root-knot nematodes.the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is one of the most serious nematode pests worldwide and represents a major constraint on rice production. while variation in the susceptibility of asian rice (oryza sativa) exists, so far no strong and reliable resistance has been reported. quantitative trait loci for partial resistance have been reported but no underlying genes have been tagged or cloned. here, 332 accessions of the rice diversity panel 1 were assessed for gall formation, revealing ...201626552884
bioactivity of ruta graveolens and satureja montana essential oils on solanum tuberosum hairy roots and solanum tuberosum hairy roots with meloidogyne chitwoodi co-cultures.as a nematotoxics screening biotechnological system, solanum tuberosum hairy roots (sthr) and s. tuberosum hairy roots with meloidogyne chitwoodi co-cultures (sthr/crkn) were evaluated, with and without the addition of the essential oils (eos) of satureja montana and ruta graveolens. eos nematotoxic and phytotoxic effects were followed weekly by evaluating nematode population density in the co-cultures as well as growth and volatile profiles of both in vitro cultures types. growth, measured by t ...201627653470
response of malpighia emarginata active germplasm bank accessions to meloidogyne enterolobii parasitism.malpighia emarginata is cultivated in almost all brazil and is considered an important agricultural crop. the root-knot nematode meloidogyne enterolobii has been described as a major threat to this crop, causing great production losses. due to the scarcity of information about the severity of this parasite in m. emarginata plants in brazil, this study investigated m. enterolobii resistance of ten m. emarginata genotypes from the active germplasm bank of universidade federal rural de pernambuco. ...201627819718
systemic acquired resistance activation in solanaceous crops as a management strategy against root-knot nematodes.activators of systemic acquired resistance (sar), such as salicylic acid (sa) and its synthetic functional analogues benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothionic acid-s-methyl ester (bth) and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (ina), were tested on tomato, eggplant and pepper for the control of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. effects on plant fitness, nematode reproduction and root galling were screened in relation to different methods of application, to different applied dosages of chemicals ...201626085141
[the participation of salicylic and jasmonic acids in genetic and induced resistance of tomato to meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white, 1919)].salicylic (sa) and jasmonic (ja) acids are the best known mediators of signal systems in plants. in this investigation the participation and character of interactions between sa- and ja-signals under the induced and genetic resistance of plants to nematodes was investigated on the model system tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) and the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. this study demonstrates that application of ja and sa to tomato foliage induces systemic effects that suppress root-knot n ...201624171314
jasmonic acid and tomato resistance to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. 201619994787
optimization of in vitro techniques for distinguishing between live and dead second stage juveniles of heterodera glycines and meloidogyne incognita.heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode, or scn) and meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode, or rkn) are two damaging plant-parasitic nematodes on important field crops. developing a quick method to distinguish between live and dead scn and rkn second stage juveniles (j2) is vital for high throughput screening of pesticides or biological compounds against scn and rkn. the in vitro assays were conducted in 96-well plates to determine the optimum chemical stimulus to distinguish between live ...201627144277
analysis of root-knot nematode and fusarium wilt disease resistance in cotton (gossypium spp.) using chromosome substitution lines from two alien species.chromosome substitution (cs) lines in plants are a powerful genetic resource for analyzing the contribution of chromosome segments to phenotypic variance. in this study, a series of interspecific cotton (gossypium spp.) cs lines were used to identify a new germplasm resource, and to validate chromosomal regions and favorable alleles associated with nematode or fungal disease resistance traits. the cs lines were developed in the g. hirsutum l. tm-1 background with chromosome or chromosome segment ...201626882892
synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,5-dimethoxystilbene analogs.in our continuing effort to discover natural product-based pest management agents, derivatives of 3,5-dimethoxystilbene were synthesized yielding 27 new and six known compounds. compounds 11 and 12 showed strong aedes aegypti larvicidal activity (lc50 45.31 and 49.93 μm, respectively). furthermore, 11 and 12 exhibited high effectiveness against larvae of pesticide-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains of ae. aegypti; activity against the adult mosquitoes was low. compounds 6f, 6g, and 6i ...201627450661
the fungal endophyte chaetomium globosum negatively affects both above- and belowground herbivores in cotton.mutualistic plant-endophyte symbioses can benefit plants by increasing host fitness through reductions in herbivory. the fungus, chaetomium globosum strain tamu 520, was previously isolated as an endophyte from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and can be re-inoculated to systemically colonize cotton plants via seed treatment. we evaluated the potential impacts of the endophyte in cotton on plant parasitic nematodes belowground, along with piercing-sucking and chewing insects aboveground. endophytic c ...201627451418
a novel serine protease, sep1, from bacillus firmus ds-1 has nematicidal activity and degrades multiple intestinal-associated nematode proteins.plant-parasitic nematodes (ppns) cause serious harm to agricultural production. bacillus firmus shows excellent control of ppns and has been produced as a commercial nematicide. however, its nematicidal factors and mechanisms are still unknown. in this study, we showed that b. firmus strain ds-1 has high toxicity against meloidogyne incognita and soybean cyst nematode. we sequenced the whole genome of ds-1 and identified multiple potential virulence factors. we then focused on a peptidase s8 sup ...201627118554
synthesis, spectral studies and biological evaluation of 2-aminonicotinic acid metal complexes.we synthesized 2-aminonicotinic acid (2-ana) complexes with metals such as co(ii), fe(iii), ni(ii), mn(ii), zn(ii), ag(i),cr(iii), cd(ii) and cu(ii) in aqueous media. the complexes were characterized and elucidated using ft-ir, uv-vis, a fluorescence spectrophotometer and thermo gravimetric analysis (tga). tga data showed that the stoichiometry of complexes was 1:2 metal/ligand except for ag(i) and mn(ii) where the ratio was 1:1. the metal complexes showed varied antibacterial, fungicidal and ne ...201626945123
evaluation of steam and soil solarization for meloidogyne arenaria control in florida floriculture crops.steam and soil solarization were investigated for control of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne arenaria in 2 yr of field trials on a commercial flower farm in florida. the objective was to determine if preplant steam treatments in combination with solarization, or solarization alone effectively controlled nematodes compared to methyl bromide (mebr). trials were conducted in a field with naturally occurring populations of m. arenaria. treatments were solarization alone, steam treatment after sol ...201627765992
reproduction of meloidogyne incognita race 3 on flue-cured tobacco homozygous for rk1 and/or rk2 resistance genes.most commercial tobacco cultivars possess the rk1 resistance gene to races 1 and 3 of meloidogyne incognita and race 1 of meloidogyne arenaria, which has caused a shift in population prevalence in virginia tobacco fields toward other species and races. a number of cultivars now also possess the rk2 gene for root-knot resistance. experiments were conducted in 2013 to 2014 to examine whether possessing both rk1 and rk2 increases resistance to a variant of m. incognita race 3 compared to either gen ...201627418700
evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes and the supernatants of the in vitro culture medium of their mutualistic bacteria for the control of the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria.the suppressive effects of various formulations of four entomopathogenic nematode (epn) species and the supernatants of their mutualistic bacteria on the root-knot nematodes (rkns) meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria in tomato roots were evaluated. the epns steinernema carpocapsae, s. feltiae, s. glaseri and heterorhabditis bacteriophora were applied as either live infective juveniles (ijs) or infected insect cadavers. spent medium from culturing the bacterial symbionts xenorhabdus bovienii an ...201625721911
biological control of meloidogyne incognita by aspergillus niger f22 producing oxalic acid.restricted usage of chemical nematicides has led to development of environmentally safe alternatives. a culture filtrate of aspergillus niger f22 was highly active against meloidogyne incognita with marked mortality of second-stage juveniles (j2s) and inhibition of egg hatching. the nematicidal component was identified as oxalic acid by organic acid analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms). exposure to 2 mmol/l oxalic acid resulted in 100% juvenile mortality at 1 day after treat ...201627258452
assessment of dapg-producing pseudomonas fluorescens for management of meloidogyne incognita and fusarium oxysporum on watermelon.pseudomonas fluorescens isolates clinto 1r, wayne 1r, and wood 1r, which produce the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg), can suppress soilborne diseases and promote plant growth. consequently, these beneficial bacterial isolates were tested on watermelon plants for suppression of meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode: rkn) and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (fon). in a greenhouse trial, wayne 1r root dip suppressed numbers of rkn eggs per gram root on 'charleston gray' watermelon ...201627168652
opda has key role in regulating plant susceptibility to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne hapla in arabidopsis.jasmonic acid (ja) is a plant hormone that plays important roles in regulating plant defenses against necrotrophic pathogens and herbivorous insects, but the role of ja in mediating the plant responses to root-knot nematodes has been unclear. here we show that an application of either methyl jasmonate (meja) or the ja-mimic coronatine (cor) on arabidopsis significantly reduced the number of galls caused by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne hapla. interestingly, the meja-induced resistance was i ...201627822219
long-term in vitro system for maintenance and amplification of root-knot nematodes in cucumis sativus roots.root-knot nematodes (rkn) are polyphagous plant-parasitic roundworms that produce large crop losses, representing a relevant agricultural pest worldwide. after infection, they induce swollen root structures called galls containing giant cells (gcs) indispensable for nematode development. among efficient control methods are biotechnology-based strategies that require a deep knowledge of underlying molecular processes during the plant-nematode interaction. methods of achieving this knowledge inclu ...201626941745
mutations in acetylcholinesterase2 (ace2) increase the insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to fosthiazate in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita causes severe damage to continuously cropping vegetables. the control of this nematode relies heavily on organophosphate nematicides in china. here, we described resistance to the organophosphate nematicide fosthiazate in a greenhouse-collected resistant population (rp) and a laboratory susceptible population (sp) of m. incognita. fosthiazate was 2.74-fold less toxic to nematodes from rp than that from sp. quantitative real-time pcr revealed that the ...201627897265
genomes of parasitic nematodes (meloidogyne hapla, meloidogyne incognita, ascaris suum and brugia malayi) have a reduced complement of small rna interference pathway genes: knockdown can reduce host infectivity of m. incognita.the discovery of rna interference (rnai) as an endogenous mechanism of gene regulation in a range of eukaryotes has resulted in its extensive use as a tool for functional genomic studies. it is important to study the mechanisms which underlie this phenomenon in different organisms, and in particular to understand details of the effectors that modulate its effectiveness. the aim of this study was to identify and compare genomic sequences encoding genes involved in the rnai pathway of four parasit ...201627126863
meloidogyne javanica fatty acid- and retinol-binding protein (mj-far-1) regulates expression of lipid-, cell wall-, stress- and phenylpropanoid-related genes during nematode infection of tomato.the secreted meloidogyne javanica fatty acid- and retinol-binding (far) protein mj-far-1 is involved in nematode development and reproduction in host tomato roots. to gain further insight into the role of mj-far-1 in regulating disease development, local transcriptional changes were monitored in tomato hairy root lines with constitutive mj-far-1 expression compared with control roots without inoculation, and 2, 5 and 15 days after inoculation (dai), using mrna sequencing analysis.201525886179
root transcriptome analysis of wild peanut reveals candidate genes for nematode resistance.wild peanut relatives (arachis spp.) are genetically diverse and were adapted to a range of environments during the evolution course, constituting an important source of allele diversity for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. the wild diploid a. stenosperma harbors high levels of resistance to a variety of pathogens, including the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne arenaria, through the onset of the hypersensitive response (hr). in order to identify genes and regulators triggering this ...201526488731
a novel nematode effector suppresses plant immunity by activating host reactive oxygen species-scavenging system.evidence is emerging that plant-parasitic nematodes can secrete effectors to interfere with the host immune response, but it remains unknown how these effectors can conquer host immune responses. here, we depict a novel effector, mjttl5, that could suppress plant immune response. immunolocalization and transcriptional analyses showed that mjttl5 is expressed specifically within the subventral gland of meloidogyne javanica and up-regulated in the early parasitic stage of the nematode. transgenic ...201526484653
identification of jasmonic acid-associated micrornas and characterization of the regulatory roles of the mir319/tcp4 module under root-knot nematode stress in tomato.micrornas (mirnas) are important transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression that play crucial roles in the responses to diverse stresses. to explore jasmonic acid (ja)-dependent mirna-mediated regulatory networks that are responsive to root-knot nematode (rkn), two small rna libraries were constructed from wild-type (wt) and ja mutant (spr2) plants. a total of 263 known mirnas and 441 novel mirnas were significantly regulated under rkn stress in the two libraries. the ...201526002970
involvement of nitric oxide in the jasmonate-dependent basal defense against root-knot nematode in tomato plants.jasmonic acid (ja) and nitric oxide (no) are well-characterized signaling molecules in plant defense responses. however, their roles in plant defense against root-knot nematode (rkn, meloidogyne incognita) infection are largely unknown. in this study, we found that the transcript levels of the ja- and no-related biosynthetic and signaling component genes were induced after rkn infection. application of exogenous ja and sodium nitroprusside (snp; a no donor) significantly decreased the number of ...201525914698
the nematicidal effect of camellia seed cake on root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica of banana.suppression of root-knot nematodes is crucially important for maintaining the worldwide development of the banana industry. growing concerns about human and environmental safety have led to the withdrawal of commonly used nematicides and soil fumigants, thus motivating the development of alternative nematode management strategies. in this study, meloidogyne javanica was isolated, and the nematicidal effect of camellia seed cake on this pest was investigated. the results showed that in dish exper ...201525849382
genetic mapping of resistance to meloidogyne arenaria in arachis stenosperma: a new source of nematode resistance for peanut.root-knot nematodes (rkn; meloidogyne sp.) are a major threat to crops in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. the use of resistant crop varieties is the preferred method of control because nematicides are expensive, and hazardous to humans and the environment. peanut (arachis hypogaea) is infected by four species of rkn, the most damaging being m. arenaria, and commercial cultivars rely on a single source of resistance. in this study, we genetically characterize rkn resistance of the wil ...201526656152
pasteuria penetrans for control of meloidogyne incognita on tomato and cucumber, and m. arenaria on snapdragon.meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne arenaria are important parasitic nematodes of vegetable and ornamental crops. microplot and greenhouse experiments were conducted to test commercial formulations of the biocontrol agent pasteuria penetrans for control of m. incognita on tomato and cucumber and m. arenaria on snapdragon. three methods of application for p. penetrans were assessed including seed, transplant, and post-plant treatments. efficacy in controlling galling and reproduction of the two ...201526527842
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