Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| short-course, high-dose rifampicin achieves wolbachia depletion predictive of curative outcomes in preclinical models of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) and onchocerciasis are priority neglected tropical diseases targeted for elimination. the only safe drug treatment with substantial curative activity against the filarial nematodes responsible for lf (brugia malayi, wuchereria bancrofti) or onchocerciasis (onchocerca volvulus) is doxycycline. the target of doxycycline is the essential endosymbiont, wolbachia. four to six weeks doxycycline therapy achieves >90% depletion of wolbachia in worm tissues leading to blockade o ... | 2017 | 28303006 |
| humans from wuchereria bancrofti endemic area elicit substantial immune response to proteins of the filarial parasite brugia malayi and its endosymbiont wolbachia. | in the past, immune responses to several brugia malayi immunodominant antigens have been characterized in filaria-infected populations; however, little is known regarding wolbachia proteins. we earlier cloned and characterized few b. malayi (trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, bm-tpp and heavy chain myosin, bmaf-myo) and wolbachia (translation initiation factor-1, wol tl if-1 and nad(+)-dependent dna ligase, wbm-liga) proteins and investigated the immune responses, which they triggered in animal ... | 2017 | 28118850 |
| human leukocytes kill brugia malayi microfilariae independently of dna-based extracellular trap release. | wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and brugia timori infect over 100 million people worldwide and are the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis. some parasite carriers are amicrofilaremic whilst others facilitate mosquito-based disease transmission through blood-circulating microfilariae (mf). recent findings, obtained largely from animal model systems, suggest that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) contribute to parasitic nematode-directed type 2 immune responses. when exposed to certain ... | 2017 | 28045905 |
| microfilarial involvement of the neck region: a case report and review of literature. | filariasis is caused by parasitic infections, most commonly brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. india is one of the endemic countries for such disease. the usually involved organs are lower limbs and external genitalia. neck region is rarely involved and only a few cases have been reported in literature. | 2017 | 27182151 |
| effect of 3 years of biannual mass drug administration with albendazole on lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections: a community-based study in republic of the congo. | the standard treatment strategy of mass drug administration with ivermectin plus albendazole for lymphatic filariasis cannot be applied in central africa, because of the risk of serious adverse events in people with high loa loa microfilaraemia. thus, alternative strategies are needed. we investigated one such alternative strategy for mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections in republic of the congo. | 2017 | 28372977 |
| filariasis in mandible and maxilla: a rare entity-first report of a case. | wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and brugia timori, categorized as nematodes, are responsible for causing lymphatic filariasis. even though it can affect individuals of all age groups and both genders, it predominantly affects people of low socioeconomic strata. the filarial worms dwell in the subcutaneous tissues and lymphatics of human hosts. in india, w bancrofti is the primary nematode to cause filariasis, which is transmitted through the bite of blood-sucking infected female anopheles m ... | 2017 | 27875706 |
| serological responses to filarial antigens in malian children attending elementary schools. | dried blood spots (dbs) were collected from 805 children attending 42 elementary schools in the regions of mopti, sikasso, koulikoro, and the regional capital of bamako in mali as part of an evaluation of a school health intervention. eluted immunoglobulin (ig) g from the dbs was assessed by a multiplex bead assay (mba) for two filariasis antigens, wuchereria bancrofti, wb123, and brugia malayi, bm14, to determine the effectiveness of mass drug administration (mda) programs to eliminate lymphati ... | 2017 | 27799641 |
| loiasis in us traveler returning from bioko island, equatorial guinea, 2016. | the filarial parasite loa loa overlaps geographically with onchocera volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti filariae in central africa. accurate information regarding this overlap is critical to elimination programs targeting o. volvulus and w. bancrofti. we describe a case of loiasis in a traveler returning from bioko island, equatorial guinea, a location heretofore unknown for l. loa transmission. | 2017 | 27983940 |
| colorimetric tests for diagnosis of filarial infection and vector surveillance using non-instrumented nucleic acid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (nina-lamp). | accurate detection of filarial parasites in humans is essential for the implementation and evaluation of mass drug administration programs to control onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. determining the infection levels in vector populations is also important for assessing transmission, deciding when drug treatments may be terminated and for monitoring recrudescence. immunological methods to detect infection in humans are available, however, cross-reactivity issues have been reported. nuclei ... | 2017 | 28199317 |
| microfilaria in pleural fluid cytology: a rare finding. | lymphatic filariasis is endemic in india and southeast asia. detection of microfilaria is infrequently reported during cytological evaluation of various lesions or body cavity fluids. presence of microfilaria in pleural fluid cytology is very rare finding even in endemic areas. few cases of accidental finding of microfilaria have been reported in association with malignant pleural effusion. but pleural effusion of filarial origin is extremely rare manifestation. here we report a classical case o ... | 2017 | 28367033 |
| probing intermolecular interactions in a diethylcarbamazine citrate salt by fast mas (1)h solid-state nmr spectroscopy and gipaw calculations. | fast magic-angle spinning (mas) nmr is used to probe intermolecular interactions in a diethylcarbamazine salt, that is widely used as a treatment against adult worms of wuchereria bancrofti which cause a common disease in tropical countries named filariasis. specifically, a dihydrogen citrate salt that has improved thermal stability and solubility as compared to the free form is studied. one-dimensional (1)h, (13)c and (15)n and two-dimensional (1)h-(13)c and (14)n-(1)h heteronuclear correlation ... | 2017 | 28342733 |
| assessment of lymphatic filariasis prior to re-starting mass drug administration campaigns in coastal kenya. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a debilitating disease associated with extensive disfigurement and is one of a diverse group of diseases referred to as neglected tropical diseases (ntds) which mainly occur among the poorest populations. in line with global recommendations to eliminate lf, kenya launched its lf elimination programme in 2002 with the aim to implement annual mass drug administration (mda) in order to interrupt lf transmission. however, the programme faced financial and administrative ... | 2017 | 28228160 |
| filarial abscess: aspiration of adult gravid female worm from submandibular region, an unusual presentation. | microfilaria is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries and is an endemic problem in india. wuchereria bancrofti is the most common filarial infection. in some cases, microfilariae and adult filarial worm have been incidentally detected in fine-needle aspirates of various lesions; detection of microfilaria from subcutaneous site or from abscess site is even rarer. we here report an unusual case of bancroftian microfilariasis in a 68-year-old female coming from endemic ... | 2017 | 28182103 |
| a novel ligand of toll- like receptor 4 from the sheath of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria induces proinflammatory response in macrophages. | 2017 | 28170041 | |
| molecular xenomonitoring (mx) and transmission assessment survey (tas) of lymphatic filariasis elimination in two villages, menoufyia governorate, egypt. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is focally endemic in egypt where the female mosquito, culex pipiens, is responsible for its transmission. the aim of the study was to investigate the impact of implementation of the 13th round of mda in two egyptian villages in the menoufyia governorate area after failing the transmission assessment survey (tas) in 2005 using two methods, and to decide whether it is safe to stop mda in these, as well as in similar implementation units (ius). to achieve this aim, both t ... | 2017 | 28155014 |
| molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of wuchereria bancrofti from human blood samples in egypt. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a serious vector-borne health problem, and wuchereria bancrofti (w.b) is the major cause of lf worldwide and is focally endemic in egypt. identification of filarial infection using traditional morphologic and immunological criteria can be difficult and lead to misdiagnosis. the aim of the present study was molecular detection of w.b in residents in endemic areas in egypt, sequence variance analysis, and phylogenetic analysis of w.b dna. collected blood samples from r ... | 2017 | 28120100 |
| hematuria without chyluria: it could still be due to filarial etiology. | there are few reports of "microfilaria in the urine." we report an elderly woman with gross hematuria who was being investigated for urinary tract tuberculosis. three consecutive urine samples showed microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti. however, she did not have chyluria. treatment with diethylcarbamazine cleared up the hematuria within 3 days. chyluria, hematuria, and hematochyluria are problems of bancroftian filariasis reported worldwide. the literature review was made to present a simplifie ... | 2017 | 27722105 |
| mapping is a prerequisite for elimination of filariasis and effective targeting of filarial 'hot spots'. | this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of filarial infection in the districts of madhya pradesh, which were classified as non-endemic by the national program for control of filariasis. these districts showed evidence of clinical symptoms related to filariasis. to confirm the presence of filariasis, night blood surveys and entomological surveys were carried out to detect microfilaria in humans and filarial infection in vectors. | 2017 | 27413817 |
| is there a risk of filarial infection during long-term missions in haiti? | haiti has the highest prevalence of lymphatic filariasis (wuchereria bancrofti) in the western hemisphere. still, the risk of filarial infection for long-term visitors such as humanitarian aid workers or military personnel is uncertain. the presented study analyzed the exposure to w. bancrofti in chilean participants of the un stabilization mission in haiti (minustah) in 2011. | 2017 | 26750186 |
| unusual presentation of filariasis as an abscess: a case report. | bancroftian filariasis, a tropical and subtropical disease caused by wuchereria bancrofti, is transmitted by the culex mosquito. the disease is conventionally diagnosed by the demonstration of microfilaria in peripheral blood smear. microfilaria and adult filarial worms have been incidentally detected in fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) in various locations. the disease may be missed if one is not aware of the possibility, particularly in cases where eosinophilia is absent. therefore, clin ... | 2017 | 27011444 |
| recurrent hemorrhagic pericardial effusion and tamponade due to filariasis successfully treated with ivermectin and albendazole. | filariasis presenting with pericardial effusion with tamponade is rare. we report a case of a 30-year-old female who was admitted with severe dyspnea and chest pain since 2 days. echocardiogram showed massive pericardial effusion with tamponade. pericardial fluid aspiration drained 1.2 l of hemorrhagic fluid. cytology examination revealed microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti. she was treated with diethyl carbamazine and discharged. six weeks later, she presented again with massive pericardial ef ... | 2017 | 26240733 |
| a systematic study on structure and function of atpase of wuchereria bancrofti. | analyzing the structures and functions of different proteins of wuchereria bancrofti is very important because till date no effective drug or vaccine has been discovered to treat lymphatic filariasis (lf). atpase is one of the most important proteins of wuchereria bancrofti. adenosine triphosphate (atp) converts into adenosine diphosphate (adp) and a free phosphate ion by the action of these atpase enzymes. energy releases from these dephosphorylation reactions drive the other chemical reactions ... | 2017 | 25948965 |
| first evidence of lymphatic filariasis transmission interruption in cameroon: progress towards elimination. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is among the 10 neglected tropical diseases targeted for control or elimination by 2020. for lf elimination, the world health organization (who) has proposed a comprehensive strategy including (i) interruption of lf transmission through large-scale annual treatment (or mass drug administration (mda)) of all eligible individuals in endemic areas, and (ii) alleviation of lf-associated suffering through morbidity management and disability prevention. in cameroon, once-year ... | 2017 | 28662054 |
| lymphatic filariasis elimination efforts in rufiji, southeastern tanzania: decline in circulating filarial antigen prevalence in young school children after twelve rounds of mass drug administration and utilization of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a parasitic infection transmitted by mosquito vectors, and in sub-saharan africa it is caused by the nematode wuchereria bancrofti. the disease has been targeted for global elimination with the annual mass drug administration (mda) strategy. vector control is known to play an important complementary role to mda in reducing the transmission of lf. the effects of an mda and insecticide-treated net intervention implemented in an endemic area of southeastern tanzania are ... | 2017 | 28527817 |
| immunoprophylaxis of multi-antigen peptide (map) vaccine for human lymphatic filariasis. | human lymphatic filariasis, the parasitic disease caused by the filarial nematodes wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and brugia timori, is ranked as the second most complex clinical condition leading to permanent and long-term disability. the multiple antigen peptide (map) approach is an effective method to chemically synthesize and deliver multiple t and b cell epitopes as the constituents of a single immunogen. here, we report on the design, chemical synthesis, and immunoprophylaxis of thre ... | 2017 | 28432603 |
| morphological and molecular characteristics of malayfilaria sofiani uni, mat udin & takaoka n. g., n. sp. (nematoda: filarioidea) from the common treeshrew tupaia glis diard & duvaucel (mammalia: scandentia) in peninsular malaysia. | the filarial nematodes wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold, 1877), brugia malayi (brug, 1927) and b. timori partono, purnomo, dennis, atmosoedjono, oemijati & cross, 1977 cause lymphatic diseases in humans in the tropics, while b. pahangi (buckley & edeson, 1956) infects carnivores and causes zoonotic diseases in humans in malaysia. wuchereria bancrofti, w. kalimantani palmieri, pulnomo, dennis & marwoto, 1980 and six out of ten brugia spp. have been described from australia, southeast asia, sri lanka ... | 2017 | 28427478 |
| examining the role of macrolides and host immunity in combatting filarial parasites. | macrocyclic lactones (mls), specifically the avermectins and milbemycins, are known for their effectiveness against a broad spectrum of disease-causing nematodes and arthropods in humans and animals. in most nematodes, drugs in this class induce paralysis, resulting in starvation, impaired ability to remain associated with their anatomical environment, and death of all life stages. initially, this was also thought to be the ml mode of action against filarial nematodes, but researchers have not b ... | 2017 | 28410595 |
| measuring changes in transmission of neglected tropical diseases, malaria, and enteric pathogens from quantitative antibody levels. | serological antibody levels are a sensitive marker of pathogen exposure, and advances in multiplex assays have created enormous potential for large-scale, integrated infectious disease surveillance. most methods to analyze antibody measurements reduce quantitative antibody levels to seropositive and seronegative groups, but this can be difficult for many pathogens and may provide lower resolution information than quantitative levels. analysis methods have predominantly maintained a single diseas ... | 2017 | 28542223 |
| imported asymptomatic bancroftian filariasis discovered from a plasmodium vivax infected patient: a case report from singapore. | human lymphatic filariasis is a vector-borne disease mainly caused by the parasitic nematode wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted worldwide within the tropical and subtropical regions. singapore was once endemic for bancroftian filariasis but recent reports are scarce and the disease is nearly forgotten. the case report presented here reports the incidental hospital laboratory finding of an asymptomatic microfilaremia in a relapsing plasmodium vivax imported case during a malaria treatment follo ... | 2017 | 28804661 |
| soil iron and aluminium concentrations and feet hygiene as possible predictors of podoconiosis occurrence in kenya. | podoconiosis (mossy foot) is a neglected non-filarial elephantiasis considered to be caused by predisposition to cumulative contact of uncovered feet to irritative red clay soil of volcanic origins in the tropical regions. data from structured observational studies on occurrence of podoconiosis and related factors are not available in kenya. | 2017 | 28832604 |
| an evaluation of wb123 antibody elisa in individuals treated with ivermectin and albendazole, and implementation challenges in africa. | the development of antibody testing for the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis (lf) is intended to enhance the monitoring and evaluation activities of the global program for the elimination of lf. this is due to the fact that antibody tests are expected to be the most sensitive at detecting exposure to lf compared to antigen that takes longer to develop. to this end a new antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to wuchereria bancrofti antigen wb123 has been developed and further ... | 2017 | 28819487 |
| wuchereria bancrofti infection at four primary schools and surrounding communities with no previous blood surveys in northern uganda: the prevalence after mass drug administrations and a report on suspected non-filarial endemic elephantiasis. | a prevalence study of wuchereria bancrofti infection was carried out in 2014 at 4 study sites in northern uganda using antigen and microfilaria tests. each study site consists of a primary school and surrounding communities. these sites are inside the filariasis endemic area and have been covered by mass drug administration under the national elimination programme. however, no prevalence study had been conducted there before the present study. without information on past and present endemicity l ... | 2017 | 28814926 |
| incidental detection of two adult gravid filarial worms in breast: a case report. | microfilaria is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries and is an endemic problem in india. wuchereria bancrofti is the commonest filarial infection. in some lesions, microfilariae and adult filarial worm have been incidentally detected in fine-needle aspirates. | 2017 | 28814315 |
| prevalence and risk factors associated with lymphatic filariasis in american samoa after mass drug administration. | in 2000, american samoa had 16.5% prevalence of lymphatic filariasis (lf) antigenemia. annual mass drug administration (mda) was conducted using single-dose albendazole plus diethylcarbamazine from 2000 to 2006. this study presents the results of a 2007 population-based pacelf c-survey in all ages and compares the adult filarial antigenemia results of this survey to those of a subsequent 2010 survey in adults with the aim of improving understanding of lf transmission after mda. | 2017 | 28794687 |
| filariasis presenting as bone marrow suppression. | lymphatic filariasis is caused by most commonly wuchereria bancrofti in india. the diagnosis is made by demonstration of microfilariae in the peripheral blood, body fluids, fine needle aspirates and in bronchial brushings. presence of microfilariae in the bone marrow is unusual and not been reported frequently. we are reporting here a case of a young male who had pancytopenia and was found to have microfilariae in the bone marrow. | 2017 | 28712247 |
| surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in vanuatu. | vanuatu was formerly highly endemic for lymphatic filariasis (lf), caused by wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. after a baseline survey showing 4.8% antigen prevalence in 1998, the country conducted nationwide (in one implementation unit) annual mass drug administration (mda) with albendazole and diethylcarbamazine citrate from 2000 to 2004 and achieved prevalence of 0.2% by 2006 in a representative nationwide cluster survey among all age groups. | 2017 | 28630586 |
| kolaviron shows anti-proliferative effect and down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-c and toll like receptor-2 in wuchereria bancrofti infected blood lymphocytes. | the anti-proliferative effect and down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor c and toll like receptor-2 by kolaviron on wuchereria bancrofti infected peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated. blood were collected from consenting volunteers in talata mafara, nigeria, between the hours of 10pm to 12am, and microscopically identified for microfilariae. w. bancrofti positive samples were cultured for 72h treated with doxycycline (2μg/ml) and kolaviron (5μg/ml) in vitro. mitotic inde ... | 2017 | 28619504 |
| identification and control of an isolated, but intense focus of lymphatic filariasis on satawal island, federated states of micronesia, in 2003. | there is very limited data available on the prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in the federated states of micronesia (fsm). considerable attempts to eliminate the disease had occurred in the pacific region by the year 2003, and the prevalence in fsm was thought to be sufficiently low that the region was considered non-endemic. however, a survey conducted in 2003 on an isolated atoll of fsm, satawal island, challenged that assumption. | 2017 | 28615988 |
| malignant pleural effusion with filariasis. | the occurrence of microfilaria in pleural fluid is rare. filarial lung involvement occurs in the form of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia with pulmonary infiltrates and peripheral eosinophilia. we report a 74-year-old male patient, non smoker who was admitted to our hospital with breathlessness and chest discomfort of two weeks duration. he had, eosinophilia and deranged renal function. x-ray chest revealed massive left sided pleural effusion. pleural fluid analysis revealed atypical cells and pl ... | 2017 | 28598065 |
| wuchereria bancrofti infection in haitian immigrants and the risk of re-emergence of lymphatic filariasis in the brazilian amazon. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a public health problem in haiti. thus, the emigration of haitians to brazil is worrisome because of the risk for lf re-emergence. | 2017 | 28562766 |
| new developments in chyluria after global programs to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. | chyluria, commonly seen in south asian countries, is mainly a manifestation of lymphatic filariasis as a result of infestation with wuchereria bancrofti, although many other causes can contribute. many patients can be effectively treated with dietary modifications and drug therapy. the most widely used drug is diethyl carbamazine. the recurrences are common after such treatment. such patients would benefit from sclerotherapy to obliterate the lympatico-renal fistulae located mainly in the renal ... | 2017 | 28556416 |
| two cases of spontaneous remission of non-parasitic chyluria. | chyluria is a medical condition with presence of chyle in urine. the disease is most prevalent in south east asian countries mostly caused by parasitic (wuchereria bancrofti) infections. our objective was to investigate the spontaneous remission of non-parasitic chyluria. | 2017 | 28478046 |
| a novel ligand of toll-like receptor 4 from the sheath of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria induces proinflammatory response in macrophages. | lymphatic filariasis, frequently caused from wuchereria bancrofti infection, is endemic in several parts of the globe and responsible for human health problems and socioeconomic loss to a large extent. inflammatory consequences originating from host-parasite interaction play a major role in the disease pathology and allied complications. the identity of the key mediator of this process is yet unknown in filarial research. | 2017 | 28453850 |
| molecular xenomonitoring of wuchereria bancrofti in culex quinquefasciatus from an endemic area: comparison of two dna extraction methods for realtime pcr assay. | 2016 | 27004582 | |
| rhizome extracts of curcuma zedoaria rosc induce caspase dependant apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species in filarial parasite setaria digitata in vitro. | human lymphatic filariasis (lf) is mainly caused by filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti and is the second leading cause of long term and permanent disability in tropical countries. to date, incapability to eliminate long lived adult parasites by current drugs remains the major challenge in the elimination of lf. hence, in the current study, the efficacy of rhizome extracts of curcuma zedoaria (a plant traditionally used in sri lanka in the management of lf) was evaluated as an effective filar ... | 2016 | 27174667 |
| setaria digitata in advancing our knowledge of human lymphatic filariasis. | setaria digitata is a filarial parasite that causes fatal cerebrospinal nematodiasis in goats, sheep and horses, resulting in substantial economic losses in animal husbandry in the tropics. due to its close resemblance to wuchereria bancrofti, this nematode is also frequently used as a model organism to study human lymphatic filariasis. this review highlights numerous insights into the morphological, histological, biochemical, immunological and genetic aspects of s. digitata that have broadened ... | 2016 | 25924635 |
| robotic surgery for treatment of chyluria. | chyle is a milky lymphatic fluid that is normally formed in the small intestine to aid in the absorption of dietary fats. occasionally, chyle leaks into the kidney, ureter, or bladder, which results in chyluria. chyluria is most commonly caused by the parasite wuchereria bancrofti and is therefore extremely rare in the usa. the use of robotic surgery for treatment has been suggested as a viable option, but has not been thoroughly reported in the literature. this article reviews the literature on ... | 2016 | 26861449 |
| population genomics of the filarial nematode parasite wuchereria bancrofti from mosquitoes. | wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic nematode and the primary cause of lymphatic filariasis--a disease specific to humans. w. bancrofti currently infects over 90 million people throughout the tropics and has been acknowledged by the world health organization as a vulnerable parasite. current research has focused primarily on the clinical manifestations of disease and little is known about the evolutionary history of w. bancrofti. to improve upon knowledge of the evolutionary history of w. bancrof ... | 2016 | 26850696 |
| efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of coadministered diethylcarbamazine, albendazole, and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis. | available treatments for lymphatic filariasis (lf) are limited in their longterm clearance of microfilaria from the blood. the safety and efficacy of a single-dose triple-drug therapy of the antifilarial drugs diethylcarbamazine (dec), ivermectin (ivm), and albendazole (alb) for lf are unknown. | 2016 | 26486704 |
| mosquito identification and molecular xenomonitoring of lymphatic filariasis in selected endemic areas in giza and qualioubiya governorates, egypt. | lymphatic filariasis is a vector-borne health problem that has been focally endemic in egypt for centuries. the chief vectors of transmission are culicinae species. control measures in the form of mass drug administration of dec citrate treatment have been implemented in nile delta for almost a decade. this study aimed to identify the prevalent mosquito species in endemic areas in giza and qualioubiya governorates and to monitor wuchereria bancrofti infection by detecting the parasite dna in col ... | 2016 | 27363044 |
| a rare case of ovarian filariasis in abidjan. | ovarian filariasis is an exceptional disease and displays a major diagnostic problem even in endemic areas. we reported the case of a 19-year-old patient who had ovarian cyst which was revealed by chronic pelvic pain. the histological examination of oophorectomy specimen led to the wuchereria bancrofti filariasis of the ovary. the anatomopathologic examination is required for the diagnosis of this disease. | 2016 | 27313932 |
| familial aggregation and heritability of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | the familial recurrence risk of lymphatic filariasis (lf) is unknown. this case study aimed to evaluate the familial susceptibility to infection with wuchereria bancrofti and to microfilaremia in a village of the republic of congo. | 2016 | 27230098 |
| microfilariae, a common parasite in an unusual site: a case report with literature review. | filariasis is common in tropical countries. wuchereria bancrofti is the most common parasite which causes lymphatic filariasis in india. this paper reports the finding of microfilariae in cervicovaginal smear of a 61-year-old post menopausal woman with a brief review of literature. there are limited numbers of reports describing the presence of microfilariae in the cervicovaginal smears and even rarely as an incidental finding. it is very important to keep in mind and screen for microfilariae in ... | 2016 | 27190816 |
| assessing drivers of the igg4 antibody reactivity to recombinant antigen bm14 in wuchereria bancrofti endemic populations in east africa. | a high proportion of the human population in lymphatic filariasis (lf) endemic areas is positive for filarial specific igg4 antibodies, including many individuals without microfilariae (mf; circulating larvae in the human blood) or circulating filarial antigens (cfa; marker of adult worm infection). the antibodies are commonly regarded as markers of infection and/or exposure to filarial larvae, but a direct association between the antibodies and these indices has not been well documented. the pr ... | 2016 | 27172877 |
| microfilariae in a bone marrow aspirate. | filariasis is a common cause of morbidity in certain parts of india, especially in the coastal districts. repeated episodes of fever with chills and rigor, lymphadenopathy are the initial manifestations which gradually progress to elephantiasis. wuchereria bancrofti is the most common parasite causing lymphatic filariasis in india. detecting microfilaria in peripheral blood with or without diethylcarbamazine citrate provocation is the common diagnostic modality in suspected cases. however microf ... | 2016 | 27142269 |
| an alternative strategy to generate coding sequence of macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 of wuchereria bancrofti. | different developmental stages of wuchereria bancrofti, the major causal organism of lymphatic filariasis (lf), are difficult to obtain. beside this limitation, to obtain complete coding sequence (cds) of a gene one has to isolate mrna and perform subsequent cdna synthesis which is laborious and not successful at times. in this study, an alternative strategy employing polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was optimized and validated, to generate cds of macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 (wbmif-2 ... | 2016 | 27121522 |
| c-cinnamoyl glycosides as a new class of anti-filarial agents. | a series of c-cinnamoyl glycosides has been synthesized in good yield by the bf3·oet2 catalyzed aldol condensation of c-glycosylated acetone derivative with a variety of aromatic aldehydes. the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential as anti-filarial agents against bovine filarial parasite setaria cervi and human filariid wuchereria bancrofti using a number of biological assays such as relative movability (rm) assessment and mtt reduction assay. among twenty seven test compounds ... | 2016 | 27015610 |
| wuchereria bancrofti: unusual presentation as pancytopenia. | wuchereria bancrofti is an endemic filarial nematode spread by a mosquito vector. the clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic microfilaremeia to lymhoedema. we report two cases of microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in bone marrow presenting as peripheral pancytopenia. the patient did not have any classical features of lymphoedema or elephantiasis. the diagnostic demonstration of microfilaria with unusual presentations has been done in cytology specimens from various sites. microfilaria ... | 2016 | 27630856 |
| filarial orchitis due to wuchereria bancrofti masquerading as testicular neoplasm. | 2016 | 27582521 | |
| burden of lymphatic filariasis morbidity in an area of low endemicity in brazil. | the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis has two main components: interrupting transmission of lymphatic filariasis (lf) and managing morbidity and preventing disability. however, interventions to prevent and manage lf-related disabilities in endemic communities have been of limited extent. the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of morbidity and its correlation with filarial infection, thereby filling a gap that existed regarding the data on morbidity in brazil. prese ... | 2016 | 27427218 |
| patency of litomosoides sigmodontis infection depends on toll-like receptor 4 whereas toll-like receptor 2 signalling influences filarial-specific cd4(+) t-cell responses. | balb/c mice develop a patent state [release of microfilariae (mf), the transmission life-stage, into the periphery] when exposed to the rodent filariae litomosoides sigmodontis. interestingly, only a portion of the infected mice become patent, which reflects the situation in human individuals infected with wuchereria bancrofti. since those individuals had differing filarial-specific profiles, this study compared differences in immune responses between mf(+) and mf(-) infected balb/c mice. we dem ... | 2016 | 26714796 |
| integration of multiplex bead assays for parasitic diseases into a national, population-based serosurvey of women 15-39 years of age in cambodia. | collection of surveillance data is essential for monitoring and evaluation of public health programs. integrated collection of household-based health data, now routinely carried out in many countries through demographic health surveys and multiple indicator surveys, provides critical measures of progress in health delivery. in contrast, biomarker surveys typically focus on single or related measures of malaria infection, hiv status, vaccination coverage, or immunity status for vaccine-preventabl ... | 2016 | 27136913 |
| scope of detectability of circulating antigens of human lymphatic filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti with smaller amount of serum by og4c3 assay: its application in lymphatic filariasis elimination programme. | filarial antigen detection is an appropriate epidemiological indicator for mapping lymphatic filariasis and impact evaluation of filariasis elimination programme in view of low sensitivity of parasite detection. monoclonal antibody-based og4c3 immunological test requires 100 µl serum, which is difficult to collect by finger prick method during community based surveys. hence, we tested lesser volume of serum compared to standard volume of 100 µl to compare its sensitivity and specificity in detec ... | 2016 | 27876997 |
| does 24bp duplication of human chit1 gene (chitotriosidase1) predispose to filarial chyluria? a case-control study. | chyluria which is endemic in many parts of the world is mainly caused by wuchereria bancrofti. chit1 (chitotriosidase) is produced by macrophages and plays an important role in the defense against chitin containing pathogen such as filarial parasite. variation in the coding region with 24 bp duplication allele results in reduced chit1 activity that enhance the survival of parasite which may play a role in the occurrence of disease. | 2016 | 27790506 |
| effect of wuchereria bancrofti infection on hiv incidence in southwest tanzania: a prospective cohort study. | the past decades have seen an ongoing controversial debate about whether the immune activation induced by helminths has an effect on the susceptibility of individuals to hiv. in view of this, we assessed the effect of lymphatic filariasis, a chronic helminth disease elicited by wuchereria bancrofti, on hiv incidence in southwest tanzania. | 2016 | 27495354 |
| killing filarial nematode parasites: role of treatment options and host immune response. | there is compelling evidence that not only do anti-filarials significantly reduce larval forms, but that host immune responses also contribute to the clearance of filarial parasites; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. | 2016 | 27716412 |
| evolutionary immune response to conserved domains in parasites and aeroallergens. | the immune response based on immunoglobulin e (ige) evolved as a defense against specific parasitic infections. in the absence of active helminthic infections, the immune system has redirected its ige epitopes toward innocuous environmental antigens. helminths and aeroallergens have a similar stereotypical ige response to unique antigens that can not be explained by chance alone. this study was designed to evaluate potential homology between conserved protein domains embedded in parasitic organi ... | 2016 | 23406942 |
| historic accounts of mansonella parasitaemias in the south pacific and their relevance to lymphatic filariasis elimination efforts today. | there are two species of filarial parasites with sheathless microfilariae known to commonly cause parasitaemias in humans: mansonella perstans and mansonella ozzardi. in most contemporary accounts of the distribution of these parasites, neither is usually considered to occur anywhere in the eastern hemisphere. however, sir patrick manson, who first described both parasite species, recorded the existence of sheathless sharp-tailed mansonella ozzardi-like parasites occurring in the blood of native ... | 2016 | 26972389 |
| risk factors for epilepsy in bas-uélé province, democratic republic of the congo: a case-control study. | the reason for the high prevalence of epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic areas remains unknown. the aim of this study was to detect risk factors associated with epilepsy in a region endemic for onchocerciasis. | 2016 | 27210267 |
| molecular epidemiology of blood-borne human parasites in a loa loa-, mansonella perstans-, and plasmodium falciparum-endemic region of cameroon. | the study of the interactions among parasites within their hosts is crucial to the understanding of epidemiology of disease and for the design of effective control strategies. we have conducted an assessment of infections with loa loa, mansonella perstans, wuchereria bancrofti, and plasmodium falciparum in eastern cameroon using a highly sensitive and specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay using archived dried whole blood spots. the resident population (n = 1,085) was parasitized ... | 2016 | 27044568 |
| identification and validation of loa loa microfilaria-specific biomarkers: a rational design approach using proteomics and novel immunoassays. | immunoassays are currently needed to quantify loa loa microfilariae (mf). to address this need, we have conducted proteomic and bioinformatic analyses of proteins present in the urine of a loa mf-infected patient and used this information to identify putative biomarkers produced by l. loa mf. in total, 70 of the 15,444 described putative l. loa proteins were identified. of these 70, 18 were l. loa mf specific, and 2 of these 18 (loag_16297 and loag_17808) were biologically immunogenic. we develo ... | 2016 | 26884435 |
| therapeutic potential of the immunomodulatory proteins wuchereria bancrofti l2 and brugia malayi abundant larval transcript 2 against streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in mice. | epidemiological and experimental evidence has supported the concept of using helminths as alternative bio-therapeutic agents in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (t1d). in the current study, two filarial proteins, recombinant wuchereria bancrofti l2 (rwbl2) and brugia malayi abundant larval transcript 2 (rbmalt-2) have been investigated, individually and in combination, for their therapeutic potential in streptozotocin (stz)-induced t1d. the rwbl2 and rbmalt-2 proteins, when administered individu ... | 2016 | 27667321 |
| immunization with wuchereria bancrofti glutathione-s-transferase elicits a mixed th1/th2 type of protective immune response against filarial infection in mastomys. | lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito borne parasitic infection and can severely affect the normal working ability of an individual. currently there is no vaccine available to prevent this infection and the development of a potential vaccine could effectively support the on-going mass drug administration program by world health organization (who). filarial parasites have complex mechanisms to modulate the host immune responses against them. the glutathione-s-transferases (gst) are the important enz ... | 2016 | 27605739 |
| construction and bacterial expression of a recombinant single-chain antibody fragment against wuchereria bancrofti sxp-1 antigen for the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. | global programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (gpelf) require mapping, monitoring and evaluation using filarial antigen diagnostic kits. to meet this objective, a functional single-chain fragment variable (scfv) specific for filarial wuchereria bancrofti sxp-1 (wb-sxp-1) antigen was constructed for the diagnosis of active filarial infection, an alternative to the production of complete antibodies using hybridomas. the variable heavy chain (vh) and the variable light chain (kappa) (vκ) gene ... | 2016 | 26693887 |
| role of cysteine-58 and cysteine-95 residues in the thiol di-sulfide oxidoreductase activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 of wuchereria bancrofti. | macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is the first human cytokine reported and was thought to have a central role in the regulation of inflammatory responses. homologs of this molecule have been reported in bacteria, invertebrates and plants. apart from cytokine activity, it also has two catalytic activities viz., tautomerase and di-sulfide oxidoreductase, which appear to be involved in immunological functions. the cxxc catalytic site is responsible for di-sulfide oxidoreductase activity ... | 2016 | 26432350 |
| surveillance for transmission of lymphatic filariasis in colombo and gampaha districts of sri lanka following mass drug administration. | sri lanka was recently declared by who to have eliminated lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem, after conclusion of annual mass drug administration. our aim was to assess the lymphatic filariasis situation, following mass drug administration. | 2016 | 27816936 |
| ocular filariasis in us residents, returning travelers, and expatriates. | several factors acting in concert now place us residents, returning travelers, and expatriates at risks of contracting ocular filariasis including increasing seroprevalence rates of zoonotic filariasis, international travel bringing tourists to and expatriates from filariasis-endemic regions, and warming temperatures extending distribution ranges of arthropod vectors. to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of ocular filariasis and to recommend strategies for the diagnosis, management, and pre ... | 2016 | 27159510 |
| "filarial dance sign" real-time ultrasound diagnosis of filarial oophoritis. | filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by filarial nematodes (wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and brugia timori) that commonly causes lymphatic obstruction resulting in edema and increase in the size of the affected organ. filariasis is diagnosed by identifying microfilariae on giemsa stain. the immunochromatographic card test is diagnostic. ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice for detecting adult filarial worms/microfilaria in the lymphatic system, which are responsible for the c ... | 2016 | 27130361 |
| detection and quantification of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi dna in blood samples and mosquitoes using duplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. | lymphatic filariasis, a mosquito-borne disease, is still a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries. effective diagnostic tools are required for identification of infected individuals, for epidemiological assessment, and for monitoring of control programs. a duplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddpcr) was conducted to differentiate and quantify wuchereria bancrofti dna by targeting the long dna repeat (ldr) element and brugia malayi dna by targeting the hha ... | 2016 | 27085707 |
| glucose and glycogen metabolism in brugia malayi is associated with wolbachia symbiont fitness. | wolbachia are endosymbiotic bacteria found in the majority of arthropods and filarial nematodes of medical and veterinary importance. they have evolved a wide range of symbiotic associations. in filarial nematodes that cause human lymphatic filariasis (wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi) or onchocerciasis (onchocerca volvulus), wolbachia are important for parasite development, reproduction and survival. the symbiotic bacteria rely in part on nutrients and energy sources provided by the host. ge ... | 2016 | 27078260 |
| insights into the structure-function relationship of brugia malayi thymidylate kinase (bmtmk). | lymphatic filariasis is a debilitating disease caused by lymph dwelling nematodal parasites like wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and brugia timori. thymidylate kinase of b. malayi is a key enzyme in the de novo and salvage pathways for thymidine 5'-triphosphate (dttp) synthesis. therefore, b. malayi thymidylate kinase (bmtmk) is an essential enzyme for dna biosynthesis and an important drug target to rein in filariasis. in the present study, the structural and functional changes associated w ... | 2016 | 27044348 |
| pyrosequencing using sl and 5s rrna as molecular markers for identifying zoonotic filarial nematodes in blood samples and mosquitoes. | lymphatic filariasis is principally caused by wuchereria bancrofti, and brugia malayi. the other two filarial nematode species, brugia pahangi and dirofilaria immitis, possibly cause human zoonotic diseases. | 2016 | 27008279 |
| differential evolutionary selection and natural evolvability observed in alt proteins of human filarial parasites. | the abundant larval transcript (alt-2) protein is present in all members of the filarioidea, and has been reported as a potential candidate antigen for a subunit vaccine against lymphatic filariasis. to assess the potential for vaccine escape or heterologous protection, we examined the evolutionary selection acting on alt-2. the ratios of nonsynonymous (k(a)) to synonymous (k(s)) mutation frequencies (ω) were calculated for the alt-2 genes of the lymphatic filariasis agents brugia malayi and wuc ... | 2016 | 26890364 |
| prospects, drawbacks and future needs of xenomonitoring for the endpoint evaluation of lymphatic filariasis elimination programs in africa. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a debilitating disease caused by wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori parasitic worms and transmitted by culex, anopheles, aedes and mansonia mosquitoes. mass drug administration (mda) to reduce the infection levels in the human population is the key component of lf elimination programs. however, the potential of the use of vector control is gaining recognition as a tool that can complement mda. the method of monitoring the parasites in mosquito vectors ... | 2016 | 26822601 |
| yeast-based high-throughput screens to identify novel compounds active against brugia malayi. | lymphatic filariasis is caused by the parasitic worms wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi or b. timori, which are transmitted via the bites from infected mosquitoes. once in the human body, the parasites develop into adult worms in the lymphatic vessels, causing severe damage and swelling of the affected tissues. according to the world health organization, over 1.2 billion people in 58 countries are at risk of contracting lymphatic filariasis. very few drugs are available to treat patients infec ... | 2016 | 26812604 |
| in search of a potential diagnostic tool for molecular characterization of lymphatic filariasis. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a chronic disease and is caused by the parasites wuchereria bancrofti (w. bancrofti), brugia malayi (b. malayi) and brugia timori (b. timori). in the present study, setaria cervi (s. cervi), a bovine filarial parasite has been used. previously, it has been reported that the s. cervi shares some common proteins and antigenic determinants with that of human filarial parasite. the larval stages of filarial species usually cannot be identified by classical morphology. he ... | 2016 | 26751881 |
| an isothermal dna amplification method for detection of onchocerca volvulus infection in skin biopsies. | diagnostic procedures for the diagnosis of infection with the nematode parasite onchocerca volvulus are currently based on the microscopic detection of microfilariae in skin biopsies. alternative approaches based on amplification of parasitic dna in these skin biopsies are currently being explored. mostly this is based on the detection of the o-150 repeat sequence using pcr based techniques. | 2016 | 27906100 |
| mathematical modelling of lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes in india: required duration of mass drug administration and post-treatment level of infection indicators. | india has made great progress towards the elimination of lymphatic filariasis. by 2015, most endemic districts had completed at least five annual rounds of mass drug administration (mda). the next challenge is to determine when mda can be stopped. we performed a simulation study with the individual-based model lymfasim to help clarify this. | 2016 | 27624157 |
| programmatic use of molecular xenomonitoring at the level of evaluation units to assess persistence of lymphatic filariasis in sri lanka. | sri lanka's anti filariasis campaign distributed 5 rounds of mass drug administration (mda with dec plus albendazole) to all endemic regions in the country from 2002-2006. post-mda surveillance results have generally been encouraging. however, recent studies have documented low level persistence of wuchereria bancrofti in galle district based on comprehensive surveys that include molecular xenomonitoring (mx, detection of filarial dna in mosquitoes) results. the purposes of this study were to de ... | 2016 | 27196431 |
| ecological drivers of mansonella perstans infection in uganda and patterns of co-endemicity with lymphatic filariasis and malaria. | mansonella perstans is a widespread, but relatively unknown human filarial parasite transmitted by culicoides biting midges. although it is found in many parts of sub-saharan africa, only few studies have been carried out to deepen the understanding of its ecology, epidemiology, and health consequences. hence, knowledge about ecological drivers of the vector and parasite distribution, integral to develop spatially explicit models for disease prevention, control, and elimination strategies, is li ... | 2016 | 26793972 |
| finding wolbachia in filarial larvae and culicidae mosquitoes in upper egypt governorate. | wolbachia is an obligatory intracellular endosymbiotic bacterium, present in over 20% of all insects altering insect reproductive capabilities and in a wide range of filarial worms which is essential for worm survival and reproduction. in egypt, no available data were found about wolbachia searching for it in either mosquitoes or filarial worms. thus, we aimed to identify the possible concurrent presence of wolbachia within different mosquitoes and filarial parasites, in assiut governorate, egyp ... | 2016 | 27417080 |
| antifilarial activity of diterpenoids from taxodium distichum. | lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori, is a debilitating disease with an adverse social and economic impact. the infection remains unabated in spite of treatment with existing antifilarial drugs diethylcarbamazine (dec) and ivermectin which are chiefly microfilaricides. there is therefore, need for macrofilaricides, embryostatic agents and better microfilaricides. in the present study we explored the antifilarial potential of crude extract and its molec ... | 2016 | 27245322 |
| the mitochondrial genomes of culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens pallens (diptera: culicidae) and comparison analysis with two other culex species. | culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens pallens are the major vectors of the japanese encephalitis virus and wuchereria bancrofti, the causative agent of filariasis. the knowledge of mitochondrial genomes has been widely useful for the studies on molecular evolution, phylogenetics and population genetics. | 2016 | 27444629 |
| prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and treatment effectiveness of albendazole/ ivermectin in individuals with hiv co-infection in southwest-tanzania. | annual mass treatment with ivermectin and albendazole is used to treat lymphatic filariasis in many african countries, including tanzania. in areas where both diseases occur, it is unclear whether hiv co-infection reduces treatment success. | 2016 | 27070786 |
| measurement of circulating filarial antigen levels in human blood with a point-of-care test strip and a portable spectrodensitometer. | the alere filariasis test strip (fts) is a qualitative, point-of-care diagnostic tool that detects wuchereria bancrofti circulating filarial antigen (cfa) in human blood, serum, or plasma. the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis employs the fts for mapping filariasis-endemic areas and assessing the success of elimination efforts. the objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the intensity of positive test lines obtained by fts with cfa levels as determined by e ... | 2016 | 27114288 |
| further evidence of the cross-reactivity of the binax now® filariasis ict cards to non-wuchereria bancrofti filariae: experimental studies with loa loa and onchocerca ochengi. | the immunochromatographic test (ict) for lymphatic filariasis is a serological test designed for unequivocal detection of circulating wuchereria bancrofti antigen. it was validated and promoted by who as the primary diagnostic tool for mapping and impact monitoring for disease elimination following interventions. the initial tests for specificity and sensitivity were based on samples collected in areas free of loiasis and the results suggested a near 100% specificity for w. bancrofti. the possib ... | 2016 | 27151313 |
| positivity of antigen tests used for diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis in individuals without wuchereria bancrofti infection but with high loa loa microfilaremia. | since the mid-2000s, the immunochromatographic card test (ict), a point-of-care test for detecting wuchereria bancrofti circulating filarial antigens (cfas), has been the backbone for mapping and monitoring lymphatic filariasis (lf) worldwide. recently, there have been instances in which cfa positivity has been associated with loa loa microfilaremia. here, we examined the association, at both the community and individual levels, between l. loa and cfa using additional diagnostic tools (quantitat ... | 2016 | 27729568 |
| dynamics of antigenemia and transmission intensity of wuchereria bancrofti following cessation of mass drug administration in a formerly highly endemic region of mali. | after seven annual rounds of mass drug administration (mda) in six malian villages highly endemic for wuchereria bancrofti (overall prevalence rate of 42.7%), treatment was discontinued in 2008. surveillance was performed over the ensuing 5 years to detect recrudescence. | 2016 | 27912789 |
| the impact of two semiannual treatments with albendazole alone on lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections: a community-based study in the republic of congo. | implementation of mass drug administration (mda) with ivermectin plus albendazole (alb) for lymphatic filariasis (lf) has been delayed in central africa because of the risk of serious adverse events in subjects with high loa loa microfilaremia. we conducted a community trial to assess the impact of semiannual mda with alb (400 mg) alone on lf and soil-transmitted helminth (sth) infections in the republic of congo. evaluation at 12 months showed that alb mda had not significantly reduced wucherer ... | 2015 | 25758650 |
| assessing the presence of wuchereria bancrofti in vector and human populations from urban communities in conakry, guinea. | the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis was launched in 2000 with the goal of interrupting transmission of lymphatic filariasis (lf) through multiple rounds of mass drug administration (mda). in guinea, there is evidence of ongoing lf transmission, but little is known about the most densely populated parts of the country, including the capital conakry. in order to guide the lf control and elimination efforts, serological and entomological surveys were carried out to determine whet ... | 2015 | 26410739 |