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economic co-production of poly(malic acid) and pullulan from jerusalem artichoke tuber by aureobasidium pullulans ha-4d.poly(l-malic acid) (pma) is a water-soluble polyester with many attractive properties in medicine and food industries, but the high cost of pma fermentation has restricted its further application for large-scale production. to overcome this problem, pma production from jerusalem artichoke tubers was successfully performed. additionally, a valuable exopolysaccharide, pullulan, was co-produced with pma by aureobasidum pullulans ha-4d.201728231788
survey of conspecific herbivore-induced volatiles from apple as possible attractants for pandemis pyrusana (lepidoptera: tortricidae).studies were conducted to identify volatiles released by apple foliage untreated or sprayed with a yeast and from untreated and sprayed foliage with actively feeding larvae of pandemis pyrusana kearfott. field studies then evaluated various combinations of these volatiles when paired with acetic acid as possible adult attractants.201728195388
an alternative anionic bio-sustainable anti-fungal agent: investigation of its mode of action on the fungal cell membrane.the potential of a lactylate (the sodium caproyl lactylate or c10 lactylate), a typical food grade emulsifier, as an anionic environmental friendly anti-fungal additive was tested in growth medium and formulated in a protective coating for exterior wood. different laboratory growth tests on the blue stain fungus aureobasidium pullulans were performed and its interactions on a model fungal cell membrane were studied. promising short term anti-fungal effects in growth tests were observed, although ...201728285052
biocontrol of monilinia laxa by aureobasidium pullulans strains: insights on competition for nutrients and space.two aureobasidium pullulans strains (l1 and l8), able to prevent postharvest fruit decay, were evaluated in order to elucidate how the competition for nutrients and space was involved in their activity against monilinia laxa, the causal agent of peach brown rot. the competition for nutrients was studied by co-culturing pathogen conidia and antagonists in different conditions of nutrient availability and avoiding contact between them. both antagonists prevented the germination of conidia of m. la ...201728242420
low-melanin containing pullulan production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by aureobasidium pullulans in fermentations assisted by light-emitting diode.pullulan is a polymer produced by aureobasidium pullulans and the main bottleneck for its industrial production is the presence of melanin pigment. in this study, light-emitting diodes (leds) of different wavelengths were used to assist the fermentation process aiming to produce low-melanin containing pullulan by wild strain of a. pullulans lb83 with different carbon sources. under white light using glucose-based medium, 11.75g.l(-1) of pullulan with high melanin content (45.70ua540nm.g(-1)) was ...201728161623
single-step purification and characterization of an extreme halophilic, ethanol tolerant and acidophilic xylanase from aureobasidium pullulans nrrl y-2311-1 with application potential in the food industry.an extracellular xylanase from aureobasidium pullulans nrrl y-2311-1 produced on wheat bran was purified by a single-step chromatographic procedure. the enzyme had a molecular weight of 21.6kda. the optimum ph and temperature for xylanase activity were 4.0 and 30-50°c, respectively. the enzyme was stable in the ph range of 3.0-8.0. the inactivation energy of the enzyme was calculated as 218kjmol(-1). the xylanase was ethanol tolerant and kept complete activity in the presence of 10% ethanol. lik ...201727979257
efficient production of pullulan by aureobasidium pullulans grown on mixtures of potato starch hydrolysate and sucrose.pullulan is a natural exopolysaccharide with many useful characteristics. however, pullulan is more costly than other exopolysaccharides, which limits its effective application. the purpose of this study was to adopt a novel mixed-sugar strategy for maximizing pullulan production, mainly using potato starch hydrolysate as a low-cost substrate for liquid-state fermentation by aureobasidium pullulans. based on fermentation kinetics evaluation of pullulan production by a. pullulans 201253, the pull ...201727923548
production of poly(malic acid) from sugarcane juice in fermentation by aureobasidium pullulans: kinetics and process economics.poly(β-l-malic acid) (pma) is a biodegradable polymer with many potential biomedical applications. pma can be readily hydrolyzed to malic acid (ma), which is widely used as an acidulant in foods and pharmaceuticals. pma production from sucrose and sugarcane juice by aureobasidium pullulans zx-10 was studied in shake-flasks and bioreactors, confirming that sugarcane juice can be used as an economical substrate without any pretreatment or nutrients supplementation. a high pma titer of 116.3g/l and ...201727839861
rna protection is effectively achieved by pullulan film formation.rna is a functionally versatile polymer but suffers from susceptibility to spontaneous and rnase-catalyzed degradation. this vulnerability makes it difficult to preserve rna for extended periods of time, thus limiting its use in various contexts, including practical applications as functional nucleic acids. here we present a simple method to preserve rna by pullulan (a complex sugar produced by aureobasidium pullulans fungus) film formation. this strategy can markedly suppress both spontaneous a ...201728090736
competition assays and physiological experiments of soil and phyllosphere yeasts identify candida subhashii as a novel antagonist of filamentous fungi.while recent advances in next generation sequencing technologies have enabled researchers to readily identify countless microbial species in soil, rhizosphere, and phyllosphere microbiomes, the biological functions of the majority of these species are unknown. functional studies are therefore urgently needed in order to characterize the plethora of microorganisms that are being identified and to point out species that may be used for biotechnology or plant protection. here, we used a dual cultur ...201728056814
reconstruction of a genome-scale metabolic model and in silico analysis of the polymalic acid producer aureobasidium pullulans cctcc m2012223.aureobasidium pullulans is a yeast-like fungus used for producing biopolymers e.g. polymalic acid (pma) and pullulan. a high pma producing strain, a. pullulans cctcc m2012223, was isolated and sequenced in our previous study. to understand its metabolic performance, a genome-scale metabolic model, izx637, consisting of 637 genes, 1347 reactions and 1133 metabolites, was reconstructed based on genome annotation and literature mining studies. the izx637 model was validated by simulating cell growt ...201728043922
biocontrol ability and putative mode of action of yeasts against geotrichum citri-aurantii in citrus fruit.sour rot is a major postharvest disease of citrus fruit and is caused by the fungal pathogen geotrichum citri-aurantii. a lack of chemicals certified for the control of this disease has led to the consideration of alternative methods and strategies, such as the use of yeasts as biocontrol agents. the purpose of the present study was to test the ability of yeasts isolated from leaves, flowers, fruit, and soil, and six saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates to control citrus sour rot, to assess the mec ...201727296964
performance evaluation of volatile organic compounds by antagonistic yeasts immobilized on hydrogel spheres against gray, green and blue postharvest decays.wickerhamomyces anomalus, metschnikowia pulcherrima, aureobasidium pullulans and saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts were tested for their ability to survive and synthesize antifungal volatile organic compounds (vocs) both in vitro and in vivo conditions when immobilized on commercial hydrogel spheres. the results showed a good survival of all yeasts on hydrogel spheres up to 10 days of incubation. moreover, vocs produced in vitro by tested yeasts inhibited botrytis cinerea, penicillium digitatum an ...201728040168
polymalic acid fermentation by aureobasidium pullulans for malic acid production from soybean hull and soy molasses: fermentation kinetics and economic analysis.polymalic acid (pma) production by aureobasidium pullulans zx-10 from soybean hull hydrolysate supplemented with corn steep liquor (csl) gave a malic acid yield of ∼0.4g/g at a productivity of ∼0.5g/l·h. zx-10 can also ferment soy molasses, converting all carbohydrates including the raffinose family oligosaccharides to pma, giving a high titer (71.9g/l) and yield (0.69g/g) at a productivity of 0.29g/l·h in fed-batch fermentation under nitrogen limitation. a higher productivity of 0.64g/l·h was o ...201727792926
polyols, not sugars, determine the structural diversity of anti-streptococcal liamocins produced by aureobasidium pullulans strain nrrl 50380.liamocins are polyol lipids produced by the fungus aureobasidium pullulans, and have selective antibacterial activity against streptococcus species. liamocins produced by a. pullulans strain nrrl 50380 on sucrose medium have a d-mannitol head group ester-linked to 3,5-dihydroxydecanoate acyl chains, three or four of which are joined together by 1,5-polyester bonds (liamocins man-a1 and man-b1), and similar 3'-o-acetylated analogs (man-a2 and man-b2). however, other types of liamocins are produce ...201727436607
characterization of pectinase activity for enology from yeasts occurring in argentine bonarda grape.pectinolytic enzymes are greatly important in winemaking due to their ability to degrade pectic polymers from grape, contributing to enhance process efficiency and wine quality. this study aimed to analyze the occurrence of pectinolytic yeasts during spontaneous fermentation of argentine bonarda grape, to select yeasts that produce extracellular pectinases and to characterize their pectinolytic activity under wine-like conditions. isolated yeasts were grouped using pcr-dgge and identified by par ...201726413065
understanding the influence of tween 80 on pullulan fermentation by aureobasidium pullulans cgmcc1234.in this paper, several new perspectives concerned with the effect of tween 80 promoting pullulan production were presented. with the presence of tween 80, the maximum pullulan yield increased by 41% (53.04 g/l). meanwhile, the carbon source was consumed faster and the broth viscosity was higher. the lower final ph suggested that tween 80 could protect the integrity of the mycelia. the dispersed filaments were not easily entangled with each other and less pellets were formed in the tween 80 cultu ...201626572478
strategies for the production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides through the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive fermentation with yeast.fructo-oligosaccharides (fos) obtained by fermentation of sucrose may be purified at large-scale by continuous chromatography (simulated moving bed: smb). in order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent smb purification, the optimization of the fermentative broth composition in salts and sugars was investigated. fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of fos per gram of initial sucrose. additionally, a microbial tr ...201626572356
yeast biodiversity from doq priorat uninoculated fermentations.climate, soil, and grape varieties are the primary characteristics of terroir and lead to the definition of various appellations of origin. however, the microbiota associated with grapes are also affected by these conditions and can leave a footprint in a wine that will be part of the characteristics of terroir. thus, a description of the yeast microbiota within a vineyard is of interest not only to provide a better understanding of the winemaking process, but also to understand the source of mi ...201627379060
genome sequence of the olive tree, olea europaea.the mediterranean olive tree (olea europaea subsp. europaea) was one of the first trees to be domesticated and is currently of major agricultural importance in the mediterranean region as the source of olive oil. the molecular bases underlying the phenotypic differences among domesticated cultivars, or between domesticated olive trees and their wild relatives, remain poorly understood. both wild and cultivated olive trees have 46 chromosomes (2n).201627346392
enhanced poly(l-malic acid) production from pretreated cane molasses by aureobasidium pullulans in fed-batch fermentation.poly(l-malic acid) (pma) is a natural polyester with many attractive properties for biomedical application. however, the cost of pma production is high when glucose is used as a carbon source. to solve this problem, cane molasses as a low-cost feedstock was applied for the production of pma. six pretreatment methods were applied to cane molasses before fermentation. pretreatment with combined tricalcium phosphate, potassium ferrocyanide, and sulfuric acid (tpfsa) removed significant amounts of m ...201626829650
high molecular weight β-poly(l-malic acid) produced by a. pullulans with ca²⁺ added repeated batch culture.β-poly(malic acid) (pmla) has attracted increasing attentions because of its potential application in medicine and other industries. in this study, the variation of pmla molecular weight (mw) in the batch culture and the strategies to enhance pmla mw were studied. adding exogenous ca(2+) (0.1g/l cacl2) to the medium caused a significant increase in both pmla concentration and mw (11.38% and 26.3%, respectively) when na2co3 was used as the neutralizer. the mw of pmla during the process of batch c ...201626721383
characterization of ugpase from aureobasidium pullulans nrrl y-12974 and application in enhanced pullulan production.udpg pyrophosphatase (ugpase) plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, catalyzing a reversible production of uridine diphosphate glucose (udpg) and pyrophosphate (ppi) from glc-1-p and utp. ugpase gene from aureobasidium pullulans nrrl y-12974 was cloned, overexpressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant ugpase possess molecular mass of 55 kda and specific activity of 7.33 u/mg protein. the k m values of rugpase were 5.045 μm against utp and 3.333 μm against glc-1-p. the v max values ...201626613730
optimised method for the analysis of phenolic compounds from caper (capparis spinosa l.) berries and monitoring of their changes during fermentation.in this work, an ad hoc method to identify and quantify polyphenols from caper berries was developed on high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation source/mass spectrometry (hplc-esi-ms). the method was applied during fermentation carried out with lactobacillus pentosus om13 (trial s) and without starter (trial c). a total of five polyphenols were identified. all samples contained high concentrations of rutin. epicatechin was found in untreated fruits, on the contrary querceti ...201626593604
improving erythritol production of aureobasidium pullulans from xylose by mutagenesis and medium optimization.the biotransformation of xylose, the second most abundant sugar, has been a hot topic in recent years. in this work, aureobasidium pullulans cgmcc3.0837 was subjected to uv mutagenesis to improve its erythritol production from xylose. the erythritol production of the obtained mutant er35 was 50.92 % (17.28 g/l) higher than that of the parent strain. response surface methodology was applied to optimize the medium composition. yeast extract, kh2po4, and citric acid were the key factors influencing ...201627402193
maturation of dendritic cells by pullulan promotes anti-cancer effect.previous studies have demonstrated that pullulan, a polysaccharide purified from aureobasidium pullulans, has immune-stimulatory effects on t and b cells. moreover, pullulan has been used as a carrier in the delivery of the antigen (ag) peptide to lymphoid tissues. however, the in vivo effect of pullulan on dendritic cells (dc) has not been well characterized. in this study, we assessed the effect of pullulan on dc activation and anti-cancer immunity. the results showed that the pullulan treatme ...201627341129
copper sulfate improves pullulan production by bioconversion using whole cells of aureobasidium pullulans as the catalyst.the effects of mineral salts on pullulan production by bioconversion using whole cells of aureobasidium pullulans cctcc m 2012259 as the catalyst were investigated. copper sulfate (cuso4) improved pullulan production by 36.2% and 42.3% when added at the optimum concentration of 0.2mg/l to the bioconversion broth or seed medium, respectively, as compared with controls without cuso4 addition. pullulan production was further enhanced when cuso4 was added to both seed medium and bioconversion broth ...201627312631
variations in grain lipophilic phytochemicals, proteins and resistance to fusarium spp. growth during grain storage as affected by biological plant protection with aureobasidium pullulans (de bary).modern agriculture relies on an integrated approach, where chemical treatment is reduced to a minimum and replaced by biological control that involves the use of active microorganisms. the effect of the antagonistic yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans on proteins and bioactive compounds (alkylresorcinols, sterols, tocols and carotenoids) in winter wheat grain and on the colonization of wheat kernels by fungal microbiota, mainly fusarium spp. pathogens, was investigated. biological treatmen ...201627055191
phylogenetic classification of aureobasidium pullulans strains for production of feruloyl esterase.the objective was to phylogenetically classify diverse strains of aureobasidium pullulans and determine their production of feruloyl esterase.201626875091
selection and use of pectinolytic yeasts for improving clarification and phenolic extraction in winemaking.pectinase enzymes have shown a considerable influence in both, sensitive and technological properties of wines. they can help to improve clarification process, releasing more color and flavor compounds entrapped in grape skin, facilitating the liberation of phenolic compounds. this work aims to find yeasts that, because of their native pectinases, can be applied on combined fermentations with saccharomyces cerevisiae obtaining significant benefits over single-inoculated traditional fermentations ...201626874860
characterization and enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally treated β-1,3-1,6-glucan from aureobasidium pullulans.the chemical structure of hydrothermally treated β-1,3-1,6-glucan from aureobasidium pullulans was characterized using techniques such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr). the chemical shifts of anomeric carbons observed in the (13)c-nmr spectra suggested the presence of single flexible chains of polysaccharide in the sample. β-1,3-1,6-glucan from a. pullulans became water-soluble, with an average molecular weight of 128,000 da after hydrothermal ...201627804105
yeasts associated with an abandoned mining area in pernek and their tolerance to different chemical elements.four plants, cirsium arvense (creeping thistle), equisetum arvense (field horsetail), oxalis acetosella (wood sorrel) and phragmites australis (common reed), which grew in an abandoned sb-mining area in pernek (malé karpaty mts., slovakia), were investigated for the yeast species. yeasts were isolated from both the leaves of the plants and the soil adjacent to the plants. in total, 65 yeast cultures, belonging to 11 ascomycetous and 5 basidiomycetous yeast species, were isolated. the species mos ...201626358066
adding yeasts with sugar to increase the number of effective insecticide classes to manage drosophila suzukii (matsumura) (diptera: drosophilidae) in cherry.drosophila suzukii is a major pest of cherry in the western united states. we evaluated whether the addition of sugary baits could improve the efficacy of two classes of insecticides not considered to be sufficiently effective for this pest, diamides and spinosyns, in laboratory and field trials in cherry.201626454150
aureosurfactin and 3-deoxyaureosurfactin, novel biosurfactants produced by aureobasidium pullulans l3-gpy. 201626758494
polycan, a β-glucan from aureobasidium pullulans sm-2001, mitigates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats.the present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of polycan, a β-glucan from aureobasidium pullulans sm-2001, in a rat model of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. ovariectomized (ovx) rats were orally administered 31.25, 62.5 or 125 mg/kg/day polycan for 126 days, and alterations in body weight, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, failure load, histological profiles and histomorphometric indices were analyzed. in particular, serum levels of osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline ...201627588046
effects of nitrogen availability on polymalic acid biosynthesis in the yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans.polymalic acid (pma) is a novel polyester polymer that has been broadly used in the medical and food industries. its monomer, l-malic acid, is also a potential c4 platform chemical. however, little is known about the mechanism of pma biosynthesis in the yeast-like fungus, aureobasidium pullulans. in this study, the effects of different nitrogen concentration on cell growth and pma biosynthesis were investigated via comparative transcriptomics and proteomics analyses, and a related signaling path ...201627549441
why sucrose is the most suitable substrate for pullulan fermentation by aureobasidium pullulans cgmcc1234?this paper studies the metabolic pathway of sucrose in pullulan fermentation by aureobasidium pullulans. because of its high pullulan production, sucrose proved to be the best carbon source for pullulan synthesis by a. pullulans cgmcc1234 (36.3g/l). compared to other carbon sources, a. pullulans cells reached the stationary phase more quickly in the presence of sucrose. the specific sugar types and concentrations occurring during pullulan fermentation were detected using high performance liquid ...201627542744
xylanase production by aureobasidium pullulans on globe artichoke stem: bioprocess optimization, enzyme characterization, and application in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass.statistical optimization of the factors affecting xylanase production by aureobasidium pullulans nrrl y-2311-1 on globe artichoke stem was performed for the first time. the optimization strategies used resulted in almost 6-fold enhancement of xylanase production (66.48 u/ml). biochemical and thermal characterization of the crude xylanase preparation was performed in order to elucidate its feasibility for different industrial applications. the optimum conditions for xylanase activity were: ph 4.0 ...201627537074
the effect of locust bean gum (lbg)-based edible coatings carrying biocontrol yeasts against penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum causal agents of postharvest decay of mandarin fruit.strains belonging to wickerhamomyces anomalus, metschnikowia pulcherrima and aureobasidium pullulans species were tested in vitro as biocontrol agents (bcas) against the post-harvest pathogenic molds penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum. moreover, studies aimed at screening the antifungal activity of selected yeast strains in vivo conditions against p. digitatum and p. italicum, and investigated the efficacy of a polysaccharidic matrix, locust bean gum (lbg), enriched with the tested b ...201627217363
fungal endophytes in germinated seeds of the common bean, phaseolus vulgaris.we conducted a survey of fungal endophytes in 582 germinated seeds belonging to 11 colombian cultivars of the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris). the survey yielded 394 endophytic isolates belonging to 42 taxa, as identified by sequence analysis of the ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer (its) region. aureobasidium pullulans was the dominant endophyte, isolated from 46.7 % of the samples. also common were fusarium oxysporum, xylaria sp., and cladosporium cladosporioides, but found in only 13 ...201627109374
are epiphytic microbial communities in the carposphere of ripening grape clusters (vitis vinifera l.) different between conventional, organic, and biodynamic grapes?using barcoded pyrosequencing fungal and bacterial communities associated with grape berry clusters (vitis vinifera l.) obtained from conventional, organic and biodynamic vineyard plots were investigated in two subsequent years at different stages during berry ripening. the four most abundant operational taxonomic units (otus) based on fungal its data were botrytis cinerea, cladosporium spp., aureobasidium pullulans and alternaria alternata which represented 57% and 47% of the total reads in 201 ...201627500633
production and properties of a thermostable, ph-stable exo-polygalacturonase using aureobasidium pullulans isolated from saharan soil of algeria grown on tomato pomace.polygalacturonase is a valuable biocatalyst for several industrial applications. production of polygalacturonase using the aureobasidium pullulans stain isolated from saharan soil of algeria was investigated. its capacity to produce polygalacturonase was assessed under submerged culture using tomato pomace as an abundant agro-industrial substrate. optimization of the medium components, which enhance polygalacturonase activity of the strain aureobasidium pullulans, was achieved with the aid of re ...201628231166
new cationically modified pullulan attenuates atherogenesis and influences lipid metabolism in apoe-knockout mice.pullulan is a biocompatible polysaccharide obtained from black, yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans. this polymer is used to deliver various substances to the liver because of its specificity for this organ. pullulan is internalized into hepatocytes in the process of asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated endocytosis. recently, by reaction with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (gtmac) we have successfully synthesized a cationically-modified pullulan (pull-gtmac). pull-gtmac exhibits some u ...201628011954
production of anti-streptococcal liamocins from agricultural biomass by aureobasidium pullulans.liamocins are unique heavier-than-water "oils" produced by certain strains of the fungus aureobasidium pullulans. liamocins have antibacterial activity with specificity for streptococcus sp. previous studies reported that liamocin yields were highest from strains of a. pullulans belonging to phylogenetic clades 8, 9, and 11, cultured on medium containing sucrose. in this study, 27 strains from these clades were examined for the first time for production of liamocins from agricultural biomass sub ...201627757794
aureobasidium melanogenum: a native of dark biofinishes on oil treated wood.the genus aureobasidium, which is known as a wood staining mould, has been detected on oil treated woods in the specific stain formation called biofinish. this biofinish is used to develop a new protective, self-healing and decorative biotreatment for wood. in order to understand and control biofinish formation on oil treated wood, the occurrence of different aureobasidium species on various wood surfaces was studied. phenotypic variability within aureobasidium strains presented limitations of m ...201626920754
superficial phaeohyphomycosis caused by aureobasidium melanogenum mimicking tinea nigra in an immunocompetent patient and review of published reports.aureobasidium pullulans is a ubiquitous black yeast-like fungus belonging to order dothideales. it was regarded as a contaminant, but is now considered a pathogen causing a wide range of human infections. we report a case of superficial phaeohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent patient with clinical presentations mimicking tinea nigra. on microscopic examination of lesion scales, multiple thick-walled, pigmented oval spores with septa were noted. a fungus with black mucoid colonies was repeatedly ...201626883514
specific antibodies for the detection of alternaria allergens and the identification of cross-reactive antigens in other fungi.the mould alternaria alternata is an important source of respiratory allergens. a. alternata extracts show great variations regarding allergenic potency. the aim of this study was to generate antibody probes specific for important alternaria allergens and to use them to study allergen expression, depending on different culture conditions, as well as to search for cross-reactive allergens in other mould species.201627780168
fungal diversity in grape must and wine fermentation assessed by massive sequencing, quantitative pcr and dgge.the diversity of fungi in grape must and during wine fermentation was investigated in this study by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. carignan and grenache grapes were harvested from three vineyards in the priorat region (spain) in 2012, and nine samples were selected from the grape must after crushing and during wine fermentation. from culture-dependent techniques, 362 isolates were randomly selected and identified by 5.8s-its-rflp and 26s-d1/d2 sequencing. meanwhile, genomi ...201526557110
[agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of aureobasidium pullulans and high-efficient screening for polymalic acid producing strain].to develop a genetic transformation method of aureobasidium pullulans and t-dna insertion for high-efficient screening of polymalic acid (pma) producing strain. agrobacterium tumefaciens-agl1, containing the selection genes encoding hygromycin b phosphotase or phosphinothricin acetyltranferase, was used to transform aureobasidium pullulans cctcc m2012223 and transformants were confirmed by colony pcr method. transferred dna (t-dna) insertional mutants were cultured in microwell plate, and screen ...201526647581
house fly (musca domestica l.) attraction to insect honeydew.house flies are of major concern as vectors of food-borne pathogens to food crops. house flies are common pests on cattle feedlots and dairies, where they develop in and feed on animal waste. by contacting animal waste, house flies can acquire human pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli and salmonella spp., in addition to other bacteria, viruses, or parasites that may infect humans and animals. the subsequent dispersal of house flies from animal facilities to nearby agricultural fields co ...201525970333
stimulation of macrophages with the β-glucan produced by aureobasidium pullulans promotes the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (trail).a β-glucan produced by aureobasidium pullulans (ap-pg) is consisting of a β-(1,3)-linked main chain with β-(1,6)-linked glucose side residues. various β-glucans consisting of β-(1,3)-linked main chain including ap-pg are believed to exhibit anti-tumor activities, and actually, anti-tumor activities of ap-pg in mice have been demonstrated. in this study, we demonstrate that stimulation with ap-pg induces trail expression in mouse and human macrophage-like cell lines. trail is known to be a cytoki ...201525875639
metabarcoding analysis of fungal diversity in the phyllosphere and carposphere of olive (olea europaea).the fungal diversity associated with leaves, flowers and fruits of olive (olea europaea) was investigated in different phenological stages (may, june, october and december) using an implemented metabarcoding approach. it consisted of the 454 pyrosequencing of the fungal its2 region and the subsequent phylogenetic analysis of relevant genera along with validated reference sequences. most sequences were identified up to the species level or were associated with a restricted number of related taxa ...201526132745
production of novel types of antibacterial liamocins by diverse strains of aureobasidium pullulans grown on different culture media.to compare production of antibacterial liamocins (polyol lipids) by diverse strains of aureobasidium pullulans grown on different culture media.201526112325
the mechanism of improved pullulan production by nitrogen limitation in batch culture of aureobasidium pullulans.batch culture of aureobasidium pullulans cctcc m 2012259 for pullulan production at different concentrations of ammonium sulfate and yeast extract was investigated. increased pullulan production was obtained under nitrogen-limiting conditions, as compared to that without nitrogen limitation. the mechanism of nitrogen limitation favoring to pullulan overproduction was revealed by determining the activity as well as gene expression of key enzymes, and energy supply for pullulan biosynthesis. resul ...201525965490
fungi associated with black mould on baobab trees in southern africa.there have been numerous reports in the scientific and popular literature suggesting that african baobab (adansonia digitata) trees are dying, with symptoms including a black mould on their bark. the aim of this study was to determine the identity of the fungi causing this black mould and to consider whether they might be affecting the health of trees. the fungi were identified by sequencing directly from mycelium on the infected tissue as well as from cultures on agar. sequence data for the its ...201525935334
liamocin oil from aureobasidium pullulans has antibacterial activity with specificity for species of streptococcus. 201525873320
diversity and antifungal activity of the endophytic fungi associated with the native medicinal cactus opuntia humifusa (cactaceae) from the united states.the endophytic fungal community associated with the native cactus opuntia humifusa in the united states was investigated and its potential for providing antifungal compounds. a hundred-eight endophytic fungal isolates were obtained and identified by molecular methods into 17 different taxa of the genera alternaria, aureobasidium, biscogniauxia, cladosporium, cryptococcus, curvularia, diaporthe, epicoccum, paraconiothyrium, pestalotiopsis and phoma. the most frequent species associated with o. hu ...201525851725
adaptation and transcriptome analysis of aureobasidium pullulans in corncob hydrolysate for increased inhibitor tolerance to malic acid production.malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid widely used in the food industry, and is also a potential c4 platform chemical. corncob is a low-cost renewable feedstock from agricultural industry. however, side-reaction products (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (hmf), formic acid, and acetic acid) that severely hinder fermentation are formed during corncob pretreatment. the process for producing malic acid from a hydrolysate of corncob was investigated with a polymalic acid (pma)-producing aureobasidium pu ...201525793624
anti-skin-aging benefits of exopolymers from aureobasidium pullulans sm2001.there have been many attempts to search for affordable and effective functional cosmetic ingredients, especially from natural sources.201525682620
anti-inflammatory effect of water-soluble complex of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate with highly branched β-1,3-glucan on contact dermatitis.the anti-inflammatory effect on contact dermatitis of the water solubilized 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (aca) by complexation with β-1,3-glucan isolated form aureobasidium pullulans black yeast is reported. it is well-known that aca possesses a function to inhibit the activation of nf-κb by which genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are regulated. however, because aca is quite insoluble in water, its usefulness has been extremely limited. on the other hand, a t ...201525661358
highly cold-active pectinases under wine-like conditions from non-saccharomyces yeasts for enzymatic production during winemaking.the influence of oenological factors on cold-active pectinases from 15 preselected indigenous yeasts belonging to aureobasidium pullulans, filobasidium capsuligenum, rhodotorula dairenensis, cryptococcus saitoi and saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. pectinolytic enzymes were constitutive or partially constitutive; and high glucose concentration (200 g l(-1) ) did not affect or increased pectinase production at 12°c and ph 3·5 (up to 113·9 u mg(-1) ) only in a. pullulans strains. so2 (120 ...201525598190
biocontrol ability and action mechanism of food-isolated yeast strains against botrytis cinerea causing post-harvest bunch rot of table grape.strains belonging to the species saccharomyces cerevisiae, wickerhamomyces anomalus, metschnikowia pulcherrima and aureobasidium pullulans, isolated from different food sources, were tested in vitro as biocontrol agents (bcas) against the post-harvest pathogenic mold botrytis cinerea. all yeast strains demonstrated antifungal activity at different levels depending on species and medium. killer strains of w. anomalus and s. cerevisiae showed the highest biocontrol in vitro activity, as demonstrat ...201525583341
efficient pullulan production by bioconversion using aureobasidium pullulans as the whole-cell catalyst.in this study, pullulan production was achieved by whole-cell bioconversion with aureobasidium pullulans cctcc m 2012259. response surface methodology was applied to optimize the seed medium for incubating cells with high capability of pullulan bioconversion. three medium components, namely, yeast extract, mgso4·7h2o, and glucose were identified by plackett-berman design as significant factors affecting the cells' pullulan bioconversion capability. a three-level box-behnken design was then emplo ...201525277414
inhibition of uvb-induced skin damage by exopolymers from aureobasidium pullulans sm-2001 in hairless mice.because antioxidants from natural sources may be an effective approach to the treatment and prevention of uv radiation-induced skin damage, the effects of purified exopolymers from aureobasidium pullulans sm-2001 ('e-ap-sm2001') were evaluated in uvb-induced hairless mice. e-ap-sm2001 consists of 1.7% β-1,3/1,6-glucan, fibrous polysaccharides and other organic materials, such as amino acids, and mono- and di-unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids) and shows anti-osteoporotic and i ...201524964914
the effect of tween 80 on the polymalic acid and pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans cctcc m2012223.the effect of tween 80 on the fermentative production of polymalic acid (pma) and pullulan using aureobasidium pullulans cctcc m2012223 was investigated. tween 80 is beneficial for the biosynthesis of pma and pullulan, and can regulate the ratio of pma to pullulan in a dose-dependent manner. after adding 0.05 % tween 80 to the media, the maximal pma and pullulan production was 46.45 and 28.8 g/l at 60 h in a 5 l fermenter, with an increase of 75.08 and 27.21 % when compared to the control. tween ...201525413862
effects of co-fermented pleurotus eryngii stalk residues and soybean hulls by aureobasidium pullulans on performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens.soybean hulls are a by-product of soybean processing for oil and meal production; pleurotus eryngii stalk residues (pesr) are by-products of the edible portion of the fruiting body enriched in bioactive metabolites. this study evaluated the effects of co-fermented pesr and soybean hulls with aureobasidium pullulans on performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. the in vitro experimental results showed that xylananse and mannanase activity of solid-state fermented soybean hulls (10 ...201526467005
yeasts from native brazilian cerrado plants: occurrence, diversity and use in the biocontrol of citrus green mould.yeasts are some of the most important postharvest biocontrol agents. postharvest oranges frequently deteriorate due to green mould (penicillium digitatum), which causes significant losses. the aims of this study were to determine the composition and diversity of yeasts on plants of the brazilian cerrado and to explore their potential for inhibiting citrus green mould. leaves and fruit of byrsonima crassifolia and eugenia dysenterica were collected from cerrado conservation areas, and thirty-five ...201526466874
natural habitat of aureobasidium pullulans in sari, iran. 201526464769
sequence-based analysis of the vitis vinifera l. cv cabernet sauvignon grape must mycobiome in three south african vineyards employing distinct agronomic systems.recent microbiomic research of agricultural habitats has highlighted tremendous microbial biodiversity associated with such ecosystems. data generated in vineyards have furthermore highlighted significant regional differences in vineyard biodiversity, hinting at the possibility that such differences might be responsible for regional differences in wine style and character, a hypothesis referred to as "microbial terroir." the current study further contributes to this body of work by comparing the ...201526648930
the effect of application of micromycetes on plant growth, as well as soybean and barley yields.the possibility of application of micromycetes (strains penicillium bilaiae pb14, aureobasidium pullulans ya05 and rhodotorula mucilaginosa yr07) to increase yields of soybean (glycine max cv almaty) and barley (hordeum vulgare cv arna) was estimated. it was shown that the most positive effect on germination energy and seed germination after seed treatment with liquid culture, supernatant and filtrate, is achieved at 1:5 dilution. in studying the influence of cell-associated and extracellular bi ...201526677462
β-(1 → 3)-glucanolytic yeasts from brazilian grape microbiota: production and characterization of β-glucanolytic enzymes by aureobasidium pullulans 1wa1 cultivated on fungal mycelium.a total of 95 yeast strains were isolated from the microbiota of different grapes collected at vineyards in southern brazil. the yeasts were screened for β-(1 → 3)-glucanases using a newly developed zymogram method that relies upon the appearance of clearance zones around growing colonies cultured on agar–botryosphaeran medium and also by submerged fermentation on nutrient medium containing botryosphaeran, a (1 → 3),(1 → 6)-β-d-glucan. among 14 β-(1 → 3)-glucanase-positive yeasts identified, fou ...201525559084
molecular identification of fungal pathogens in nodular skin lesions of cats.in a retrospective study, we investigated 52 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (ffpe) samples from cats with histologically confirmed cutaneous and subcutaneous mycoses to determine if the pathogens could be identified by molecular methods. aim of the study was to obtain a deep understanding of the spectrum of infectious agents, which, as we hypothesized, was not available by histopathology alone. detection of feline and fungal dna was achieved in 92.3% and 94.2% of the samples, respectively. mo ...201525550386
activities of aureobasidium pullulans cell filtrates against monilinia laxa of peaches.the aureobasidium pullulans l1 and l8 strains are known as efficient biocontrol agents against several postharvest fungal pathogens. in order to better understand the mechanism of action underneath the antifungal activity of l1 and l8 strains, yeast cell filtrates grown at different times were evaluated in vivo against monilinia laxa on peach. lesion diameters on peach fruit were reduced by l1 and l8 culture filtrates of 42.5% and 67% respectively. the ability of these filtrates to inhibit m. la ...201526640053
central metabolic pathways of aureobasidium pullulans cgmcc1234 for pullulan production.with the purpose of understanding the metabolic network of aureobasidium pullulans, the central metabolic pathways were confirmed by the activities of the key enzymes involved in different pathways. the effect of different iodoacetic acid concentrations on pullulan fermentation was also investigated in this paper. the activities of phosphofructokinases and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase existed in a. pullulans cgmcc1234, whereas 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase activity was not dete ...201526428132
enhanced production of ca²⁺-polymalate (pma) with high molecular mass by aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans mcw.polymalic acid (pma) has many applications in food and medical industries. however, so far it has not been commercially produced by fermentation. therefore, it is very important how to develop an economical process for a large scale production of pma by one step fermentation.201526249335
oral administration of the aureobasidium pullulans-derived β-glucan effectively prevents the development of high fat diet-induced fatty liver in mice.aureobasidium pullulans-derived β-glucan (ap-pg) consisting of a β-(1,3)-linked glucose main chain and β-(1,6)-linked glucose branches is taken as a supplement to improve health. this study demonstrates that oral administration of ap-pg is effective to prevent the development of high-fat diet (hfd)-induced fatty liver in mice. here, c57bl/6n mice were fed with a normal diet or hfd, and ap-pg diluted in drinking water was administered orally. after 16 weeks, the serological analysis showed that h ...201526179949
plant growth-promoting and antifungal activity of yeasts from dark chestnut soil.538 yeast strains were isolated from dark chestnut soil collected from under the plants of the legume family (fabaceae). the greatest number of microorganisms is found at soil depth 10-20 cm. among the 538 strains of yeast 77 (14.3%) strains demonstrated the ability to synthesize iaa. 15 strains were attributed to high iaa-producing yeasts (above 10 μg/ml). the most active strains were ya05 with 51.7 ± 2.1 μg/ml of iaa and yr07 with 45.3 ± 1.5 μg/ml. in the study of effect of incubation time on ...201525843007
unusual fungal infections in renal transplant recipients.fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients. the causative agent and the risk factors differ depending on the period after the kidney transplant. also the incidence varies according to the geographical area. we are reporting three cases of fungal infections in renal transplant recipients. two of them have etiological agents which are common among immunosuppressed patients, but with an atypical clinical presentation, while one of them is a su ...201525815239
the diversity and extracellular enzymatic activities of yeasts isolated from water tanks of vriesea minarum, an endangered bromeliad species in brazil, and the description of occultifur brasiliensis f.a., sp. nov.the diversity of yeast species collected from the bromeliad tanks of vriesea minarum, an endangered bromeliad species, and their ability to produce extracellular enzymes were studied. water samples were collected from 30 tanks of bromeliads living in a rupestrian field site located at serrada piedade, minas gerais state, brazil, during both the dry and rainy seasons. thirty-six species were isolated, representing 22 basidiomycetous and 14 ascomycetous species. occultifur sp., cryptococcus podzol ...201525515414
endoscope storage time: assessment of microbial colonization up to 21 days after reprocessing.insufficient data exist for how long endoscopes can be stored after reprocessing. concern about possible microbial colonization has led to various recommendations for reprocessing intervals among institutions, with many as short as 5 days. a significant cost savings could be realized if it can be demonstrated that endoscopes may be stored for as long as 21 days without risk of clinically significant contamination.201525484321
a novel biosurfactant produced by aureobasidium pullulans l3-gpy from a tiger lily wild flower, lilium lancifolium thunb.yeast biosurfactants are important biotechnological products in the food industry, and they have medical and cosmeceutical applications owing to their specific modes of action, low toxicity, and applicability. thus, we have isolated and examined biosurfactant-producing yeast for various industrial and medical applications. a rapid and simple method was developed to screen biosurfactant-producing yeasts for high production of eco-friendly biosurfactants. using this method, several potential niche ...201525849549
pullulan and pullulan derivatives as promising biomolecules for drug and gene targeting.pullulan is a water soluble exo-polysaccharide produced by yeast like fungus aureobasidium pullulans. pullulan structure have a unique characteristic i.e. co-existence of α-(1→4) and α-(1→6) linkages. pullulan nanoparticle consists of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics which are due to its unique structure. it can be derivatized via various chemical reactions to increase its utility in the field of pharmaceuticals. although, various drugs have the potential to become powerful thera ...201525843851
statistical optimization of process parameters for exopolysaccharide production by aureobasidium pullulans using sweet potato based medium.statistical experimental designs were applied to optimize the fermentation medium for exopolysaccharide (eps) production. plackett-burman design was applied to identify the significance of seven medium variables, in which sweet potato and yeast extract were found to be the significant variables for eps production. central composite design was applied to evaluate the optimum condition of the selected variables. maximum eps production of 9.3 g/l was obtained with the predicted optimal level of swe ...201528324414
incidence and severity of leaf and fruit diseases of plums in latvia.in the present study six plum orchards in latvia were examined during 2014. one orchard was commercial with integrated pest management (ipm) practices, one was with organic management, two orchards were scientific collections and in two orchards plums were grown as a minor crop, using ipm practices. the shot-hole disease (wilsonomyces carpophilus) and fruit rot were monitored in the field. samples of twigs and leaves were taken for further examination if some other disease symptoms were observed ...201527141740
accelerated photoactivated chromophore for keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking as a first-line and sole treatment in early fungal keratitis.to report the use of accelerated photoactivated chromophore for keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking (pack-cxl) as a first-line treatment in a patient with an atypical fungal keratitis.201425437486
an indigenous hyperproductive species of aureobasidium pullulans rylf-10: influence of fermentation conditions on exopolysaccharide (eps) production.in recent years, a significant interest has been generated in discovering and developing exopolysaccharides (eps) produced by microorganisms, especially fungi due to their multifaceted industrial and pharmacological applications. a number of filamentous and cellular fungi have been explored for this; however, according to the existing literature, the work on exopolysaccharide production by indigenous culture on this aspect is still very less and requires a serious attention. the present work is ...201424293276
bioconversion of industrial solid waste--cassava bagasse for pullulan production in solid state fermentation.the purpose of the work was to produce commercially important pullulan using industrial solid waste namely cassava bagasse in solid state fermentation and minimize the solid waste disposal problem. first, influence of initial ph on cell morphology and pullulan yield was studied. effect of various factors like fermentation time, moisture ratio, nitrogen sources and particle size on pullulan yield was investigated. various supplementary carbon sources (3%, w/w) namely glucose, sucrose, fructose, m ...201424274475
extracellular enzymatic activities and physiological profiles of yeasts colonizing fruit trees.yeasts form a significant and diverse part of the phyllosphere microbiota. some yeasts that inhabit plants have been found to exhibit extracellular enzymatic activities. the aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of yeasts isolated from leaves, fruits, and blossoms of fruit trees cultivated in southwest slovakia to produce extracellular enzymes, and to discover whether the yeasts originating from these plant organs differ from each other in their physiological properties. in tot ...201423744750
pectinolytic yeasts from viticultural and enological environments: novel finding of filobasidium capsuligenum producing pectinases.in this study indigenous yeasts associated with wineries, grapes and malbec fermented must from san rafael viticulture region (argentina) were isolated to select pectinolytic strains for their potential use in enology. pectinolytic yeasts were identified by physiological and molecular methods. among 78 isolates, only nine were able to produce extracellular pectinases. six isolated from berry surface were identified as aureobasidium pullulans and the remaining isolates, recovered from wineries, b ...201423686851
direct production of feruloyl oligosaccharides and hemicellulase inducement and distribution in a newly isolated aureobasidium pullulans strain.studies were carried out to screen and identify strains that are able to directly produce ferulic oligosaccharides (fos) from wheat bran (wb). the inducement and distribution of hemicellulases from strain 2012, which was identified as a non-melanin secreting strain of aureobasidium pullulans (a. pullulans), were also determined. in a 60 g/l wb solution, a. pullulans could produce 545 nmol/l fos, 64.12 iu/ml xylanase and 0.14 iu/ml ferulic acid esterase (fae). a. pullulans was cultivated in media ...201424078110
inactivation of microorganisms by low-frequency high-power ultrasound: 2. a simple model for the inactivation mechanism.a simple theoretical model based on shear forces generated by the collapse of the ultrasound cavities near the surface of a microorganism is proposed. this model requires two parameters which take into account the number of acoustic cavitation bubbles, and the resistance of the cell wall of the microorganism to the shear forces generated by bubble collapse. to validate the model, high-power low frequency (20 khz) ultrasound was used to inactivate two microorganisms with very different sizes, viz ...201423845410
evolution of microbiological and chemical parameters during red wine making with extended post-fermentation maceration.the aim of the present work was to investigate the microbiological, chemical, and sensory characteristics of red wine subjected to post-fermentation maceration that was extended to 90 days. for this purpose, the 'aglianico di taurasi' grape was used as a case study. the total yeast concentration increased until day 40 of maceration and decreased thereafter, whereas the concentration of lactic acid bacteria slightly increased. dekkera/brettanomyces spp. and acetic acid bacteria were not detected. ...201424334093
effect of uracil on pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans cgmcc1234.effect of uracil on the pullulan production, biomass and uridine phosphorylase (upase) activity was studied in this research. uracil was found to enhance pullulan accumulation and the addition time of uracil was crucial to pullulan production. pullulan yield of 49.07 g/l was achieved by adding 5mm uracil at 48 h, by comparison to 37.72 g/l obtained with the control. upase activity could not be detected at early growth stage of aureobasidium pullulans, but stimulated by added uracil at logarithmi ...201424299794
effect of polyols on thermostability of xylanase from a tropical isolate of aureobasidium pullulans and its application in prebleaching of rice straw pulp.in an attempt to find a thermostable xylanase enzyme for potential application in the pretreatment prior to h2o2 bleaching of paper pulp for industry, an extracellular xylanase from aureobasidium pullulans cbs 135684 was purified 17.3-fold to apparent homogeneity with a recovery yield of 13.7%. its molecular mass was approximately 72 kda as determined by sds-page. the optimal ph and temperature for activity of the purified enzyme were ph 6.0 and 70°c, respectively. the enzyme was relatively stab ...201424478945
beneficial effects of black yeast derived 1-3, 1-6 beta glucan-nichi glucan in a dyslipidemic individual of indian origin--a case report.dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and statins are the common drugs used to correct dyslipidemia. herein, we report a case where the subject was a nondiabetic, dyslipidemia patient on medication with rosuvastatin. after the intake of rosuvastatin, his triglycerides decreased to a minimum of 220 mg/dl. in order to augment the action of rosuvastatin, he was advised to take 1.5 mg of nichi glucan food supplement, which is a 1,3-1,6 beta glucan derived ...201424409973
identification of indigenous yeast flora isolated from the five winegrape varieties harvested in xiangning, china.inoculated fermentation by selected indigenous yeast strains from a specific location could provide the wine with unique regional sensory characteristics. the identification and differentiation of local yeasts are the first step to understand the function of yeasts and develop a better strain-selection program for winemaking. the indigenous yeasts in five grape varieties, chardonnay, cabernet franc, cabernet sauvignon, marselan, and merlot cultivated in xiangning, shanxi, china were investigated ...201424395034
inactivation of bacteria and yeast using high-frequency ultrasound treatment.high-frequency (850 khz) ultrasound was used to inactivate bacteria and yeast at different growth phases under controlled temperature conditions. three species of bacteria, enterobacter aerogenes, bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus epidermidis as well as a yeast, aureobasidium pullulans were considered. the study shows that high-frequency ultrasound is highly efficient in inactivating the bacteria in both their exponential and stationary growth phases, and inactivation rates of more than 99% w ...201424835956
efficient production of pullulan using rice hull hydrolysate by adaptive laboratory evolution of aureobasidium pullulans.pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans cctcc m 2012259 using rice hull hydrolysate as the carbon source was conducted. the acetic acid in the hydrolysate was demonstrated to exert a negative effect on pullulan biosynthesis. instead of employing expensive methods to remove acetic acid from the hydrolysate, a mutant a. pullulans arh-1 was isolated following 20 cycles of adaptive laboratory evolution of the parental strain on medium containing acetic acid. the maximum pullulan production ac ...201424835913
novel symbiotic protoplasts formed by endophytic fungi explain their hidden existence, lifestyle switching, and diversity within the plant kingdom.diverse fungi live all or part of their life cycle inside plants as asymptomatic endophytes. while endophytic fungi are increasingly recognized as significant components of plant fitness, it is unclear how they interact with plant cells; why they occur throughout the fungal kingdom; and why they are associated with most fungal lifestyles. here we evaluate the diversity of endophytic fungi that are able to form novel protoplasts called mycosomes. we found that mycosomes cultured from plants and p ...201424777121
yeasts found on an ephemeral reproductive caste of the leaf-cutting ant atta sexdens rubropilosa.winged males of leaf-cutting ants are considered an ephemeral reproductive caste only produced before the mating flight season. although much is known about the yeast diversity found in fungus gardens of attine ants, no study has focused on the yeasts associated with males of leaf-cutting ants. here, we surveyed the yeasts on the integuments of males of atta sexdens rubropilosa and assessed their potential role in the attine ant-microbe symbiosis. using culture-dependent techniques, we found yea ...201425012689
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