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evolution of the spx gene family in plants and its role in the response mechanism to phosphorus stress.molecular and genomic studies have shown the presence of a large number of spx gene family members in plants, some of which have been proved to act in p signalling and homeostasis. in this study, the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of the spx gene family in plants were comprehensively analysed, and the mechanisms underlying the function of spx genes in p signalling and homeostasis in the model plant species arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa), and in important c ...201829298909
speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding.the growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand 1 . this slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. here, we present a method called 'speed breeding', which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generatio ...201829292376
regulation of sucrose transporters and phloem loading in response to environmental cues.suc transporters (suts) play a key role in the allocation and partitioning of photosynthetically fixed carbon in plants. while a function could be assigned to many members of the sut family, almost no information is available on their regulation. here, the transcriptional regulation of suts in response to various environmental stimuli in the leaves of five dicots (arabidopsis [arabidopsis thaliana], soybean [glycine max], potato [solanum tuberosum], tomato [solanumlycopersicum], and poplar [popu ...201829158330
relay cropping of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) improves the profitability of cotton-wheat cropping system in punjab, pakistan.delayed sowing of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in cotton-based system reduces the productivity and profitability of the cotton-wheat cropping system. in this scenario, relay cropping of wheat in standing cotton might be a viable option to ensure the timely wheat sowing with simultaneous improvement in wheat yields and system profitability. this 2-year study (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) aimed to evaluate the influence of sowing dates and relay cropping combined with different management techniques o ...201829063403
differential sensitivity of light-harnessing photosynthetic events in wheat and sunflower to exogenously applied ionic and nanoparticulate silver.potential impacts of inevitable leaks of silver nanoparticles (agnps) into environment on human beings need attention. owing to the vitality of photosynthesis in maintaining life and ecosystem functioning, impacts of exogenously applied nanoparticulate and ag+ on photosystem (ps)ii function, which governs overall photosynthesis, in wheat and sunflower were evaluated. psii efficiency and related chl a fluorescence kinetics of these two plants remained unaffected by agnps. however, ag+ caused a si ...201829220750
uptake, translocation and biotransformation of n-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide (n-etfosa) by hydroponically grown plants.n-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (n-etfosa) is an important perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) precursor (prefos) which is used in sulfluramid. the present work studied the uptake, translocation and metabolism of n-etfosa in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), soybean (glycine max l. merrill) and pumpkin (cucurbita maxima l.) by hydroponic exposure. except for parent n-etfosa, its metabolites of perfluorooctane sulfonamide acetate (fosaa), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (pfosa), pfos, perfluorohexane sul ...201829306808
impact of conventional and integrated management systems on the water-soluble vitamin content in potatoes, field beans, and cereals.the reduction of the environmental footprint of crop production without compromising crop yield and their nutritional value is a key goal for improving the sustainability of agriculture. in 2009, the balruddery farm platform was established at the james hutton institute as a long-term experimental platform for cross-disciplinary research of crops using two agricultural ecosystems. crops representative of uk agriculture were grown under conventional and integrated management systems and analyzed ...201829257861
quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis of root traits under phosphorus deficiency at the seedling stage in wheat.deficiency of available phosphorus (p) in soil limits wheat production and creates a need to develop p-deficiency-tolerant cultivars. plant roots, important organs for absorbing nutrients and synthesizing growth regulators, are good candidates for p-efficiency screening. in this study, we evaluated five root traits under hydroponic culture conditions either with (ap) or without (np) applied p in a recombinant inbred line population h461/cm107 of <i>triticum aestivum </i>l. at the seedling stage. ...201829373804
tissue-specific changes in apoplastic proteins and cell wall structure during cold acclimation of winter wheat crowns.the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) crown is the critical organ of low temperature stress survival over winter. in cold-acclimated crowns, ice formation in the apoplast causes severe tissue disruption as it grows at the expense of intracellular water. while previous crown studies have shown the vascular transition zone (vtz) to have a higher freezing sensitivity than the shoot apical meristem (sam), the mechanism behind the differential freezing response is not fully understood. cooling cold-acclim ...201829373702
cloning and characterization of a specific udp-glycosyltransferase gene induced by don and fusarium graminearum.taugt5: can reduce the proliferation and destruction of f. graminearum and enhance the ability of fhb resistance in wheat. deoxynivalenol (don) is one of the most important toxins produced by fusarium species that enhances the spread of the pathogen in the host. as a defense, the udp-glycosyltransferase (ugt) family has been deduced to transform don into the less toxic form don-3-o-glucoside (d3g), but the specific gene member in wheat that is responsible for fusarium head blight (fhb) resistanc ...201829372381
gc-ms metabolomics to evaluate the composition of plant cuticular waxes for four triticum aestivum cultivars.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an important food crop, and biotic and abiotic stresses significantly impact grain yield. wheat leaf and stem surface waxes are associated with traits of biological importance, including stress resistance. past studies have characterized the composition of wheat cuticular waxes, however protocols can be relatively low-throughput and narrow in the range of metabolites detected. here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) metabolomics methods were utilized to ...201829360745
qtl mapping of flag leaf-related traits in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).qtl controlling flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf area and flag leaf angle were mapped in wheat. this study aimed to advance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying morphological traits of the flag leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). a recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from nd3331 and the tibetan semi-wild wheat zang1817 was used to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling flag leaf length (fll), flag leaf width (flw), flag leaf area (fla), ...201829359263
an overexpressed q allele leads to increased spike density and improved processing quality in common wheat ( triticum aestivum ).spike density and processing quality are important traits in the modern wheat production that is controlled by multiple gene loci. the associated genes have been intensively studied and new discoveries have been constantly reported during the past few decades. however, no gene playing significant roles in the development of these two traits was identified. in the current study, a common wheat mutant with extremely compact spikes and good processing quality was isolated and characterized. a new a ...201829358231
dissection of the multigenic wheat stem rust resistance present in the montenegrin spring wheat accession pi 362698.research to identify and characterize stem rust resistance genes in common wheat, triticum aestivum, has been stimulated by the emergence of ug99-lineage races of the wheat stem rust pathogen, puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt), in eastern africa. the montenegrin spring wheat landrace pi 362698 was identified as a source of pgt resistance. this accession exhibits resistance to multiple ug99-lineage and north american pgt races at seedling and adult-plant stages. a recombinant inbred populati ...201829357813
development of thinopyrum ponticum-specific molecular markers and fish probes based on slaf-seq technology.based on slaf-seq, 67 thinopyrum ponticum-specific markers and eight th. ponticum-specific fish probes were developed, and these markers and probes could be used for detection of alien chromatin in a wheat background. decaploid thinopyrum ponticum (2n = 10x = 70) is a valuable gene reservoir for wheat improvement. identification of th. ponticum introgression would facilitate its transfer into diverse wheat genetic backgrounds and its practical utilization in wheat improvement. based on specific- ...201829356894
proteomic analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and relationship with their genes in a common wheat variety.although many studies on low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) function have been reported, a comprehensive comparison between specific genes and their protein product is still lacking. this study aimed to link the 43 genes isolated from the korean wheat variety "jokyoung" in the authors' previous study to their protein products. proteins were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-dge) and identified by tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) at the gene haplotype level. using ...201829354367
pleiotropic effects of the wheat domestication gene q on yield and grain morphology.transformation from q to q during wheat domestication functioned outside the boundary of threshability to increase yield, grains m-2, grain weight and roundness, but to reduce grains per spike/spikelet. mutation of the q gene, well-known affecting wheat spike structure, represents a key domestication step in the formation of today's free-threshing, economically important wheats. in a previous study, multiple yield components and spike characteristics were associated with the q gene interval in t ...201829353419
identification and validation of a new source of low grain cadmium accumulation in durum wheat.cadmium (cd) is a heavy metal that has no known biological function and is toxic for many living organisms. the maximum level of cd concentration allowed in the international market for wheat grain is 0.2 mg kg-1. because phenotyping for cd uptake is expensive and time consuming, molecular markers associated with genes conferring low cd uptake would expedite selection and lead to the development of durum cultivars with reduced cd concentrations. here, we identified single nucleotide polymorphism ...201829352079
overexpression of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) bzip transcription factor gene, tabzip6, decreased the freezing tolerance of transgenic arabidopsis seedlings by down-regulating the expression of cbfs.the basic leucine zipper (bzip) proteins play important roles against abiotic stress in plants, including cold stress. however, most bzips involved in plant freezing tolerance are positive regulators. only a few bzips function negatively in cold stress response. in this study, tabzip6, a group c bzip transcription factor gene from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), was cloned and characterized. the transcript of tabzip6 was strongly induced by cold treatment (4 °c). tabzip6 is a nuclear-locali ...201829351891
genotypic effects on sugar and by-products of liquid hydrolysates and on saccharification of acid-insoluble residues of from wheat straw.wheat straw is one of the major attractive resources for low-cost raw materials for renewable energy, biofuels and biochemicals. however, like other sources of lignocellulosic biomass, straw is a heterogeneous material due to its mixed origin from different tissue and cell types. here, to examine the genotypic effects on biorefinery usage of wheat straw, straw obtained from different wheat cultivars and experimental lines was pretreated with dilute acid. significant differences between cultivars ...201829343667
can spelt wheat be used as heterotic group for hybrid wheat breeding?spelt wheat is a distinct genetic group to elite bread wheat, but heterosis for yield and protein quality is too low for spelt to be recommended as heterotic group for hybrid breeding in wheat. the feasibility to switch from line to hybrid breeding is currently a hot topic in the wheat community. one limitation seems to be the lack of divergent heterotic groups within wheat adapted to a certain region. spelt wheat is a hexaploid wheat that can easily be crossed with bread wheat and that forms a ...201829340753
correction to: improving the baking quality of bread wheat by genomic selection in early generations.unfortunately, the co-author, dr. güngör was missed out in the authorship of original publication by mistake and it is updated now.201829340751
genome wide identification of wheat and brachypodium type one protein phosphatases and functional characterization of durum wheat tdpp1a.reversible phosphorylation is an essential mechanism regulating signal transduction during development and environmental stress responses. an important number of dephosphorylation events in the cell are catalyzed by type one protein phosphatases (pp1), which catalytic activity is driven by the binding of regulatory proteins that control their substrate specificity or subcellular localization. plants harbor several pp1 isoforms accounting for large functional redundancies. while animal pp1s were ...201829338035
modulation of nonessential amino acid biosynthetic pathways in virulent hessian fly larvae (mayetiola destructor), feeding on susceptible host wheat (triticum aestivum).compatible interactions between wheat (triticum aestivum), and its dipteran pest hessian fly (hf, mayetiola destructor) result in successful establishment of larval feeding sites rendering the host plant susceptible. virulent larvae employ an effector-based feeding strategy to reprogram the host physiology resulting in formation of a protein- and sugar-rich nutritive tissue beneficial to developing larvae. previous studies documented increased levels of nonessential amino acids (naa; that need n ...201829336997
protein association of β-n-methylamino-l-alanine in triticum aestivum via irrigation.bioaccumulation of several cyanotoxins has been observed in numerous food webs. more recently, the neurotoxic, non-proteinogenic amino acid β-n-methylamino-l-alanine (bmaa) was shown to biomagnify in marine food webs. it was thus necessary to assess whether a human exposure risk via a terrestrial food source could exist. as shown for other cyanotoxins, spray irrigation of crop plants with cyanobacterial bloom-contaminated surface water poses the risk of toxin transfer into edible plant parts. th ...201829324084
antidepressant-like effects of gan-mai-dazao-tang via monoamine regulatory pathways on forced swimming test in rats.depression is a highly prevalent and recurrent mental disorder that impacts all aspects of human life. undesirable effects of the antidepressant drugs led to the development of complementary and alternative therapies. gan-mai-da-zao-tang (, gān mài dà zǎo tang) is a traditional herbal formula commonly used for the treatment of depression, but lack of scientific proof on its mechanism. it consisted of glycyrrhiza uralensis fisch. (licorice), triticum aestivum l. (wheat) and zizphus jujuba mill. ( ...201829321989
developmental responses of bread wheat to changes in ambient temperature following deletion of a locus that includes flowering locus t1.flowering locus t (ft) is a central integrator of environmental signals that regulates the timing of vegetative to reproductive transition in flowering plants. in model plants, these environmental signals have been shown to include photoperiod, vernalization and ambient temperature pathways, whilst in crop species the integration of the ambient temperature pathway remains less well understood. in hexaploid wheat, at least 5 ft-like genes have been identified, each with a copy on the a, b and d g ...201829314053
hyperspectral reflectance as a tool to measure biochemical and physiological traits in wheat.improving photosynthesis to raise wheat yield potential has emerged as a major target for wheat physiologists. photosynthesis-related traits, such as nitrogen per unit leaf area (narea) and leaf dry mass per area (lma), require laborious, destructive, laboratory-based methods, while physiological traits underpinning photosynthetic capacity, such as maximum rubisco activity normalized to 25 °c (vcmax25) and electron transport rate (j), require time-consuming gas exchange measurements. the aim of ...201829309611
chemical hybridizing agent sq-1-induced male sterility in triticum aestivum l.: a comparative analysis of the anther proteome.heterosis is widely used to increase the yield of many crops. however, as wheat is a self-pollinating crop, hybrid breeding is not so successful in this organism. even though male sterility induced by chemical hybridizing agents is an important aspect of crossbreeding, the mechanisms by which these agents induce male sterility in wheat is not well understood.201829304738
a purified, fermented, extract of triticum aestivum has lymphomacidal activity mediated via natural killer cell activation.non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) affects over 400,000 people in the united states; its incidence increases with age. treatment options are numerous and expanding, yet efficacy is often limited by toxicity, particularly in the elderly. nearly 70% patients eventually die of the disease. many patients explore less toxic alternative therapeutics proposed to boost anti-tumor immunity, despite a paucity of rigorous scientific data. here we evaluate the lymphomacidal and immunomodulatory activities of a prot ...201829304125
fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotyping reveals the presence of two distinct genomes in the taxon aegilops tauschii.aegilops tauschii is the donor of the bread wheat d genome. based on spike morphology, the taxon has conventionally been subdivided into ssp. tauschii and ssp. strangulata. the present study was intended to address the poor match between this whole plant morphology-based subdivision and genetic relationships inferred from genotyping by fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotyping a set of 31 ae. tauschii accessions.201829291709
functional and dna-protein binding studies of wrky transcription factors and their expression analysis in response to biotic and abiotic stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).wrky, a plant-specific transcription factor family, plays vital roles in pathogen defense, abiotic stress, and phytohormone signalling. little is known about the roles and function of wrky transcription factors in response to rust diseases in wheat. in the present study, three tawrky genes encoding complete protein sequences were cloned. they belonged to class ii and iii wrky based on the number of wrky domains and the pattern of zinc finger structures. twenty-two dna-protein binding docking com ...201829291153
smoke produced from plants waste material elicits growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by improving morphological, physiological and biochemical activity.the experimental work presented in this study was carried out with the hypothesis that plant derived smoke enhanced the morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes of a cereal crop, wheat (triticum aestivum l.). furthermore, this study supported the hypothesis that plant derived smoke acts as vegetative growth promoter, inexpensive, rapid and most appropriate eco-friendly bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. plant derived smoke was generated by burning of plant material (leaf, ...201829270367
à côté calibration - making optimal use of time and space in quantitative high performance thin layer chromatography.quantitative high performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc) requires the application of several standards to each plate, reducing the number of actual samples that can be analyzed in a single run. using pure standard compounds and a selective detection method, the standards for quantitation can be applied besides - à côté - the chromatography area. this frees the sample application space to accommodate the maximal number of sample on each plate. also, analysis time is spent exclusively on sa ...201829249535
how exogenous nitric oxide regulates nitrogen assimilation in wheat seedlings under different nitrogen sources and levels.nitrogen (n) is one of the most important nutrients for plants and nitric oxide (no) as a signaling plant growth regulator involved in nitrogen assimilation. understanding the influence of exogenous no on nitrogen metabolism at the gene expression and enzyme activity levels under different sources of nitrogen is vitally important for increasing nitrogen use efficiency (nue). this study investigated the expression of key genes and enzymes in relation to nitrogen assimilation in two australian whe ...201829320529
different biotransformation behaviors of perfluorooctane sulfonamide in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) from earthworms (eisenia fetida).perfluorooctane sulfonamide (pfosa) is a precursor of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (pfos) and can be broken down to pfos in environment and biota. in the present work, pfosa was spiked in soil and its biodegradation in soil, uptake and metabolism in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and earthworms (eisenia fetida) were investigated. the results indicated that pfosa could be biodegraded to highly stable pfos, which has the same perfluorinated carbon chain length as pfosa, by microbes in soil. pfosa c ...201829275108
unfertilized ovary pushes wheat flower open for cross-pollination.bread wheat is strongly autogamous; however, an opportunity for outcrossing occurs when self-pollination fails and florets open. the first phase of floret opening at anthesis is short and induced by lodicule turgidity. some wheat florets re-open post-anthesis for several days, known as the 'second opening', for which the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. we performed detailed physiological, anatomical, and histological investigations to understand the biological basis of the flower open ...201829202197
dataset of the hox1 gene sequences of the wheat polyploids and their diploid relatives.the tahox-1 gene of common wheat triticum aestivum l. (bad-genome) encodes transcription factor (hd-zip i) which is characterized by the presence of a dna-binding homeodomain (hd) with an adjacent leucine zipper (lz) motif. this gene can play a role in adapting plant to a variety of abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold, salinity etc., which strongly affect wheat production. however, it's both functional role in stress resistance and divergence during wheat evolution has not yet been elucidate ...201829201982
suppression of wheat tacdk8/tawin1 interaction negatively affects germination of blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici by interfering with very-long-chain aldehyde biosynthesis.wheat tacdk8 interacts with tawin1 to regulate very-long-chain aldehyde biosynthesis required for efficient germination of blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (bgt) is a devastating disease of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). bgt infection initiates with its conidia germination on the aerial surface of wheat. in this study, we isolated the cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (tacdk8) from wheat cultivar jing411 and found that silencing of tacdk8 im ...201829197938
virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) in aegilops tauschii and its use in functional analysis of aetdreb2.among the available reverse genetic approaches for studying gene function, virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) has several advantages. it allows rapid characterization of gene function independent of stable transformation, which is basically difficult to achieve in monocots, and offers the potential to silence individual or multiple genes of a gene family. in order to establish a vigs system in aegilops tauschii, modified vectors derived from barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) were used for silen ...201829196985
differentiation of modern and ancient varieties of common wheat by quantitative capillary electrophoretic profile of phenolic acids.phenolic compounds have received great attention among the health promoting phytochemicals in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), mainly because of their strong antioxidant properties. in the present study a simple capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) method with uv detection was optimized and validated for the quantitation of six of the most important phenolic acids in whole grain i.e., sinapic, ferulic, syringic, p-coumaric, vanillic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. the separation was achieved in a ...201829195662
the sensitivity of soil enzymes, microorganisms and spring wheat to soil contamination with carfentrazone-ethyl.herbicides pose a significant threat to the natural environment, in particular in soils that are most exposed to plant protection agents. prolonged herbicide use leads to changes in soil metabolism and decreases soil productive potential. in this study, the influence of carfentrazone-ethyl (ce) on the microbiological and biochemical properties of soil and the yield of triticum aestivum l. was evaluated. carfentrazone-ethyl was applied to sandy loam (phkcl - 7.0) in doses of 0.000, 0.264, 5.280, ...201829172968
saline soil properties, quality and productivity of wheat grown with bagasse ash and thiourea in different climatic zones.soil salinity and atmosphere temperature change have negative impacts on crop productivity and its quality and can pose a significant risk to soil properties in semi-arid regions. we conducted two field experiments in north (first zone) and south (second zone) of egypt to investigate the effects of soil bagasse ash (10 ton ha-1), foliar thiourea (240 g ha-1) and their combination in comparison to the control treatment on saline soil properties and productivity and quality traits of wheat. all st ...201829169129
genome-wide analysis of a recently active retrotransposon, au sine, in wheat: content, distribution within subgenomes and chromosomes, and gene associations.here, we show that au sine elements have strong associations with protein-coding genes in wheat. most importantly au sine insertion within introns causes allelic variation and might induce intron retention. the impact of transposable elements (tes) on genome structure and function is intensively studied in eukaryotes, especially in plants where tes can reach up to 90% of the genome in some cases, such as in wheat. here, we have performed a genome-wide in-silico analysis using the updated publicl ...201829164313
signaling molecule methylglyoxal ameliorates cadmium injury in wheat (triticum aestivum l) by a coordinated induction of glutathione pool and glyoxalase system.methylglyoxal (mg) now is found to be an emerging signaling molecule. it can relieve the toxicity of cadmium (cd), however its alleviating mechanism still remains unknown. in this study, compared with the cd-stressed seedlings without mg treatment, mg treatment could stimulate the activities of glutathione reductase (gr) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ecs) in cd-stressed wheat seedlings, which in turn induced an increase of reduced glutathione (gsh). adversely, the activated enzymes re ...201829154133
stable isotope evidences for identifying crop water uptake in a typical winter wheat-summer maize rotation field in the north china plain.better managing agricultural water resources, which are increasingly stressed by climate change and anthropogenic activities, is difficult, particularly because of variations in water uptake patterns associated with crop type and growth stage. thus, the stable isotopes δ18o and δ2h were employed to investigate the water uptake patterns of a summer maize (zea mays l.) and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) rotation system in the north china plain. based on the soil water content, soil layers wer ...201829128762
development of a complete set of wheat-barley group-7 robertsonian translocation chromosomes conferring an increased content of β-glucan.a complete set of six compensating robertsonian translocation chromosomes involving barley chromosome 7h and three chromosomes of hexaploid wheat was produced. grain β-glucan content increased in lines containing 7hl. many valuable genes for agronomic performance, disease resistance and increased yield have been transferred from relative species to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) through whole-arm robertsonian translocations (robt). although of a great value, the sets of available translocations fr ...201829124282
genetic mapping reveals a dominant awn-inhibiting gene related to differentiation of the variety anathera in the wild diploid wheat aegilops tauschii.aegilops tauschii, a wild wheat relative, is the d-genome donor of common wheat. subspecies and varieties of ae. tauschii are traditionally classified based on differences in their inflorescence architecture. however, the genetic information for their diversification has been quite limited in the wild wheat relatives. the variety anathera has no awn on the lemma, but the genetic basis for this diagnostic character is unknown. wide variations in awn length traits at the top and middle spikes were ...201829101627
identification of heterotrophic zinc mobilization processes among bacterial strains isolated from wheat rhizosphere (triticum aestivum l.).soil and plant inoculation with heterotrophic zinc-solubilizing bacteria (zsb) is considered a promising approach for increasing zinc (zn) phytoavailability and enhancing crop growth and nutritional quality. nevertheless, it is necessary to understand the underlying bacterial solubilization processes to predict their repeatability in inoculation strategies. acidification via gluconic acid production remains the most reported process. in this study, wheat rhizosphere soil serial dilutions were pl ...201829079619
single nucleotide polymorphisms in b-genome specific udp-glucosyl transferases associated with fusarium head blight resistance and reduced deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat grain.an in vitro spike culture method was optimized to evaluate fusarium head blight (fhb) resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) and used to screen a population of ethyl methane sulfonate treated spike culture-derived variants (scdv). of the 134 scdv evaluated, the disease severity score of 47 of the variants was ≤30%. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) in the udp-glucosyltransferase (ugt) genes, taugt-2b, taugt-3b, and taugt-est, differed between ac nanda (an fhb-susceptible wheat variety) and ...201829063821
improving the baking quality of bread wheat by genomic selection in early generations.genomic selection shows great promise for pre-selecting lines with superior bread baking quality in early generations, 3 years ahead of labour-intensive, time-consuming, and costly quality analysis. the genetic improvement of baking quality is one of the grand challenges in wheat breeding as the assessment of the associated traits often involves time-consuming, labour-intensive, and costly testing forcing breeders to postpone sophisticated quality tests to the very last phases of variety develop ...201829063161
bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of pseudocereals-enriched water biscuits and their in vitro digestates.carotenoids, tocols, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity were studied during in vitro digestion of water biscuits (wb) from bread wheat, einkorn and einkorn-pseudocereals. antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of digestates were also measured using a 70% caco2/30% ht-29 human intestinal co-culture layer. antioxidant profiles differed among wb formulations. only hydrophilic molecules were solubilised by gastric digestion. after intestinal digestion, 77% carotenoids and 67% tocols were released ...201828946344
a novel approach based on untargeted lipidomics reveals differences in the lipid pattern among durum and common wheat.in the present work the possibility of using an untargeted metabolomic strategy to discriminate between common and durum wheat lipidome for an authenticity purpose was explored. a first study was conducted by analyzing 52 samples from two durum and common wheat varieties. afterwards, an extended and independent sample set (173 samples and five varieties) was used as a confirmatory study to verify the stability and consistency of the models obtained. putatively identified markers were evaluated a ...201828946342
free and esterified carotenoids in pigmented wheat, tritordeum and barley grains.carotenoids are important phytonutrients responsible for the yellow endosperm color in cereal grains. five carotenoids, namely lutein, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, α- and β-carotene, were quantified by hplc-dad-ms in fourteen genotypes of wheat, barley and tritordeum harvested in czechia in 2014 and 2015. the highest carotenoid contents were found in yellow-grained tritordeum ht 439 (12.16μg/gdw), followed by blue-grained wheat v1-131-15 (7.46μg/gdw), and yellow-grained wheat ta 4024 (7.04μg/gdw) ...201828946328
effects of hmw-gs ax1 or dx2 absence on the glutenin polymerization and gluten micro structure of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).wheat (triticum aestivum l.) dough strength and extensibility are mainly determined by the polymerization of glutenin. the number of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) differs in various wheat varieties due to the silencing of some genes. the effects of ax1 or dx2 subunit absence on glutenin polymerization, dough mixing properties and gluten micro structure were investigated with two groups of near-isogenic lines. the results showed that ax1 or dx2 absence decreased the accumulatio ...201828946321
physiological and biochemical responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings to three imidazolium-based ionic liquids in soil.ionic liquids (ils) are considered environmentally friendly solvents and are widely applied in various fields; however, some researchers have noted the toxicity of ils to plants cultivated in nutrient solution. to evaluate the toxicities of ils to wheat seedlings in soil, the natural growth environment of plants, a study was performed using three imidazolium-based ionic liquids with different anions: 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([c8mim]cl), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([c8mim]br ...201829031056
genetic diversity of avenin-like b genes in aegilops tauschii coss.avenin-like storage proteins influence the rheological properties and processing quality in common wheat, and the discovery of new alleles will benefit wheat quality improvement. in this study, 13 avenin-like b alleles (taalpb7d-a-m) were discovered in 108 aegilops tauschii coss. accessions. ten alleles were reported for the first time, while the remaining three alleles were the same as alleles in other species. a total of 15 nucleotide changes were detected in the 13 alleles, resulting in only ...201829030762
label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of drought stress-responsive late embryogenesis abundant proteins in the seedling leaves of two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes.late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins are highly hydrophilic proteins with key roles in environmental stress responses. in this study, we performed the first survey of the lea proteome in seedling leaves from two wheat genotypes subjected to drought stress, i.e., shaanhe 6 (sh, drought-tolerant) and zhengyin 1 (zy, drought-sensitive). after isolating the lea subpopulation by treating total soluble proteins with heating combined with 1% trichloroacetic acid treatment that was assessed by wes ...201828982538
unlocking new alleles for leaf rust resistance in the vavilov wheat collection.thirteen potentially new leaf rust resistance loci were identified in a vavilov wheat diversity panel. we demonstrated the potential of allele stacking to strengthen resistance against this important pathogen. leaf rust (lr) caused by puccinia triticina is an important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and the deployment of genetically resistant cultivars is the most viable strategy to minimise yield losses. in this study, we evaluated a diversity panel of 295 bread wheat accessions from ...201828980023
a model of leaf coordination to scale-up leaf expansion from the organ to the canopy.process-based crop growth models are popular tools with which to analyze and understand the impact of crop management, genotype-by-environment interactions, or climate change. the ability to predict leaf area development is critical to predict crop growth, particularly under conditions of limited resources. here, we aimed at deciphering growth coordination rules between wheat (triticum aestivum) plant organs (i.e. between leaves within a stem, between laminae and sheaths, and between the mainste ...201829142024
unlocking the diversity of genebanks: whole-genome marker analysis of swiss bread wheat and spelt.high-throughput genotyping of swiss bread wheat and spelt accessions revealed differences in their gene pools and identified bread wheat landraces that were not used in breeding. genebanks play a pivotal role in preserving the genetic diversity present among old landraces and wild progenitors of modern crops and they represent sources of agriculturally important genes that were lost during domestication and in modern breeding. however, undesirable genes that negatively affect crop performance ar ...201829103142
density separation as a strategy to reduce the enzyme load of preharvest sprouted wheat and enhance its bread making quality.as preharvest sprouting of wheat impairs its use in food applications, postharvest solutions for this problem are required. due to the high kernel to kernel variability in enzyme activity in a batch of sprouted wheat, the potential of eliminating severely sprouted kernels based on density differences in nacl solutions was evaluated. compared to higher density kernels, lower density kernels displayed higher α-amylase, endoxylanase, and peptidase activities as well as signs of (incipient) protein, ...201828958551
development of a set of pcr markers specific to aegilops longissima chromosome arms and application in breeding a translocation line.transcriptome data were used to develop 134 aegilops longissima specific pcr markers and their comparative maps were constructed by contrasting with the homologous genes in the wheat b genome. three wheat- ae. longissima 1bl·1s l s translocation lines were identified using the correspondence markers. aegilops longissima is an important wild species of common wheat that harbors many genes that can be used to improve various traits of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). to efficiently transfer th ...201828887628
nitrate accumulation and leaching potential reduced by coupled water and nitrogen management in the huang-huai-hai plain.irrigation and nitrogen (n) fertilization in excess of crop requirements are responsible for substantial nitrate accumulation in the soil profile and contamination of groundwater by nitrate leaching during intensive agricultural production. in this on-farm field trial, we compared 16 different water and n treatments on nitrate accumulation and its distribution in the soil profile (0-180cm), nitrate leaching potential, and groundwater nitrate concentration within a summer-maize (zea mays l.) and ...201828847090
effects of free air carbon dioxide enrichment (face) on nitrogen assimilation and growth of winter wheat under nitrate and ammonium fertilization.a 2-year free air co2 enrichment (face) experiment was conducted with winter wheat. it was investigated whether elevated atmospheric co2 concentration (e[co2 ]) inhibit nitrate assimilation and whether better growth and nitrogen acquisition under e[co2 ] can be achieved with an ammonium-based fertilization as it was observed in hydroponic culture with wheat. under e[co2 ] a decrease in nitrate assimilation has been discussed as the cause for observed declines in protein concentration in c3 cerea ...201828715112
pfca uptake and translocation in dominant wheat species (triticum aestivum l.).the comparative uptake of four perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in nutrient solution was investigated. wheat is the main food crop in northern china and may become a potential pathway of human exposure to these pfcas. the uptake of four pfcas from water at a fixed concentration (1 μg/ml) increased over time, approaching a steady state, and except for the short-chain perfluorobutanoic acid, most of the total mass of each of the pfcas taken up by wheat ...201828598222
differential expression of albumins and globulins of wheat flours of different technological qualities revealed by nanouplc-udmse.soluble proteins were extracted from common wheat flour obtained from nine cultivars of different qualities and were analyzed by nanouplc and ultra definition mass spectrometry (udmse) label-free quantitative approach. collectively, 5894 proteins were identified and quantified with 8 peptides/protein. a total of 414 proteins were found differentially expressed with 85% proteins not yet described in the literature, according to their biological function. quality-related proteins, such as puroindo ...201828873519
genome-wide association mapping of loci for resistance to stripe rust in north american elite spring wheat germplasm.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a major yield-limiting foliar disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. in this study, the genetic variability of elite spring wheat germplasm from north america was investigated to characterize the genetic basis of effective all-stage and adult plant resistance (apr) to stripe rust. a genome-wide association study was conducted using 237 elite spring wheat lines genotyped with an illumina infinium 90k single-nucleotide polymor ...201828952421
characterization of an antimicrobial and phytotoxic ribonuclease secreted by the fungal wheat pathogen zymoseptoria tritici.the fungus zymoseptoria tritici is the causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (stb) disease of wheat leaves. zymoseptoria tritici secretes many functionally uncharacterized effector proteins during infection. here, we characterized a secreted ribonuclease (zt6) with an unusual biphasic expression pattern. transient expression systems were used to characterize zt6, and mutants thereof, in both host and non-host plants. cell-free protein expression systems monitored the impact of zt6 protein on f ...201828895153
the effect of imidazolium based ionic liquids on wheat and barley germination and growth: influence of length and oxygen functionalization of alkyl side chain.in this work five different imidazolium based ionic liquids, namely: 1-(2-oxybutyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [c2oc2mim][cl]; 1-(2-oxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [c1oc2mim][cl]; 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-ethylimidazolium chloride, [ohc3eim][cl]; 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [ohc3mim][cl]; 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [ohc2mim][cl], together with commercial 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [bmim][cl] and synthesized protic imidazolium chlori ...201828888123
the stenofolia gene from medicago alters leaf width, flowering time and chlorophyll content in transgenic wheat.molecular genetic analyses revealed that the wuschel-related homeobox (wox) gene superfamily regulates several programs in plant development. many different mechanisms are reported to underlie these alterations. the wox family member stenofolia (stf) is involved in leaf expansion in the eudicot medicago truncutula. here, we report that when this gene was ectopically expressed in a locally adapted hard red winter wheat cultivar (triticum aestivum), the transgenic plants showed not only widened le ...201828509374
high-density genotyping of the a.e. watkins collection of hexaploid landraces identifies a large molecular diversity compared to elite bread wheat.the importance of wheat as a food crop makes it a major target for agricultural improvements. as one of the most widely grown cereal grains, together with maize and rice, wheat is the leading provider of calories in the global diet, constituting 29% of global cereal production in 2015. in the last few decades, however, yields have plateaued, suggesting that the green revolution, at least for wheat, might have run its course and that new sources of genetic variation are urgently required. the ove ...201828500796
lecrk-v, an l-type lectin receptor kinase in haynaldia villosa, plays positive role in resistance to wheat powdery mildew.plant sense potential microbial pathogen using pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). the lectin receptor-like kinase genes (lecrks) are involved in various cellular processes mediated by signal transduction pathways. in the present study, an l-type lectin receptor kinase gene lecrk-v was cloned from haynaldia villosa, a diploid wheat relative which is highly resistant to powdery mildew. the expression of lecrk-v was rapidly up-regulated ...201828436098
heat shock factor c2a serves as a proactive mechanism for heat protection in developing grains in wheat via an aba-mediated regulatory pathway.high temperature at grain filling can severely reduce wheat yield. heat shock factors (hsfs) are central regulators in heat acclimation. this study investigated the role of tahsfc2a, a member of the monocot-specific hsfc2 subclass, in the regulation of heat protection genes in triticum aestivum. three tahsfc2a homoeologous genes were highly expressed in wheat grains during grain filling and showed only transient up-regulation in the leaves by heat stress but were markedly up-regulated by drought ...201828370204
influential disease foci in epidemics and underlying mechanisms: a field experiment and simulations.pathogen invasions pose a growing threat to ecosystem stability and public health. guidelines for the timing and spatial extent of control measures for pathogen invasions are currently limited, however. we conducted a field experiment using wheat (triticum aestivum) stripe rust, caused by the wind-dispersed fungus puccinia striiformis, to study the extent to which host heterogeneity in an initial outbreak focus influences subsequent disease spread. we varied the frequency of susceptible host pla ...201829210243
genome-wide prediction of three important traits in bread wheat.five genomic prediction models were applied to three wheat agronomic traits-grain yield, heading date and grain test weight-in three breeding populations, each comprising about 350 doubled haploid or recombinant inbred lines evaluated in three locations during a 3-year period. the prediction accuracy, measured as the correlation between genomic estimated breeding value and observed trait, was in the range of previously published values for yield (r = 0.2-0.5), a trait with relatively low heritab ...201726316839
an aegilops ventricosa translocation confers resistance against root-knot nematodes to common wheat.root knot nematodes (rkn; meloidogyne spp.) cause severe losses worldwide to a wide range of crops. crop rotations with resistant hosts can be used to control losses, but the wide host range of rkn limits this option. in this study, we found that the wheat cultivar lassik is resistant to several isolates of the rkn species m. incognita and m. javanica, including those that can reproduce on tomato with the resistance gene mi-1. comparison of near-isogenic lines of wheat showed that the wheat resi ...201727182071
an efficient and reproducible protocol for the production of salt tolerant transgenic wheat plants expressing the arabidopsis atnhx1 gene.we present an efficient method for the production of transgenic salt tolerant hexaploid wheat plants expressing the arabidopsis atnhx1 gene. wheat mature zygotic embryos were isolated from two hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars (namely: gemmeiza 9 and gemmeiza 10) and were transformed with the a. tumefaciens lba4404 harboring the pbi-121 vector containing the atnhx1 gene. transgenic wheat lines that express the gus intron was obtained and used as control. the results confirmed t ...201725007249
ultrasound-assisted extraction with lc-tof/ms identification and lc-uv determination of imazamox and its metabolites in leaves of wheat plants.imazamox is a herbicide used in many legominous and cereal crops. there are few methods in the literature for determination of imazamox and its metabolites in plants because of the lack of commercial standards or owing to expensive and/or complex synthesis.201723934624
[induction of heat resistance in wheat coleoptiles by salicylic and succinic acids: connection of the effect with the generation and neutralization of active oxygen forms].the influence of salicylic (saa) and succinic (sua) acids on the generation of active oxygen forms (aofs) and the heat resistance of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) coleoptiles has been studied. the treatment of coleoptiles with 10 microm saa or sua results in the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and enhanced formation of a superoxide anion radical. this effect is partially suppressed by both alpha-naphthol (the nadph oxidase inhibitor) and salicylhydroxamic acid (peroxidase inhibitor). saa and su ...201723101394
induced mutations in the starch branching enzyme ii (sbeii) genes increase amylose and resistant starch content in durum wheat.starch is the largest component of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain and consists of approximately 70-80% amylopectin and 20-30% amylose. amylopectin is a highly-branched, readily digested polysaccharide, whereas amylose has few branches and forms complexes that resist digestion and mimic dietary fiber (resistant starch). down-regulation of the starch branching enzyme ii (sbeii) gene by rna interference (rnai) was previously shown to increase amylose content in both hexaploid and tetraploid ...201726924849
utility of leaf senescence-associated gene homologs as developmental markers in common wheat.senescence is the final stage of development in plant tissues. in the senescence process, many senescence-associated genes (sags) are reportedly transcriptionally up-regulated. here, we reported the isolation of nine wheat sag cdna clones named tasag1 to tasag9, and evaluated the usefulness of the sag homologs for wheat developmental molecular markers based on their expression patterns. the nine wheat sags were identified in wheat est libraries based on their homology to rice sags. all wheat sag ...201720850333
[isolation and characterization of an abc-transporter cdna clone from wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].the outmost layer of the surface of any land plant is covered with wax, which protects the inner tissues of plants. the arabidopsis atp binding cassette (abc) transporter, cer5, was found to be an exporter of wax molecules. full-length wheat tacer5 cdna, a sequence homologous to cer5, was isolated. similar to other transporters of the abcg subfamily, tacer5 also has a typical basic structure of nbd-msd (nucleotide-binding folds domain - membrane-spanning domain). although the identity scores of ...201720088377
wheat and sorghum residue removal for expanded uses increases sediment and nutrient loss in runoff.crop residue removal for expanded uses such as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production may increase loss of sediment and nutrients in runoff. we assessed on-farm impacts of variable rates of residue removal from no-till winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and plow till grain sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench] on sediment, soil organic carbon (soc) and nutrient losses in runoff in western kansas. five treatments with three replications consisting of removing residues at 0, 25, 50, 75, and ...201719875792
repeat-length variation in a wheat cellulose synthase-like gene is associated with altered tiller number and stem cell wall composition.the tiller inhibition gene (tin) that reduces tillering in wheat (triticum aestivum) is also associated with large spikes, increased grain weight, and thick leaves and stems. in this study, comparison of near-isogenic lines (nils) revealed changes in stem morphology, cell wall composition, and stem strength. microscopic analysis of stem cross-sections and chemical analysis of stem tissue indicated that cell walls in tin lines were thicker and more lignified than in free-tillering nils. increased ...201728369427
pentaploid wheat hybrids: applications, characterisation, and challenges.interspecific hybridisation between hexaploid and tetraploid wheat species leads to the development of f1 pentaploid hybrids with unique chromosomal constitutions. pentaploid hybrids derived from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (triticum turgidum spp. durum desf.) crosses can improve the genetic background of either parent by transferring traits of interest. the genetic variability derived from bread and durum wheat and transferred into pentaploid hybrids has the potential to ...201728367153
adaptive nitrogen and integrated weed management in conservation agriculture: impacts on agronomic productivity, greenhouse gas emissions, and herbicide residues.increasing nitrogen (n) immobilization and weed interference in the early phase of implementation of conservation agriculture (ca) affects crop yields. yet, higher fertilizer and herbicide use to improve productivity influences greenhouse gase emissions and herbicide residues. these tradeoffs precipitated a need for adaptive n and integrated weed management in ca-based maize (zea mays l.)-wheat [triticum aestivum (l.) emend fiori & paol] cropping system in the indo-gangetic plains (igp) to optim ...201728361488
genomewide association study for seeding emergence and tiller number using snp markers in an elite winter wheat population.seeding emergence and tiller number are the most important traits for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yield, but the inheritance of seeding emergence and tillering is poorly understood. we conducted a genomewide association study focussing on seeding emergence and tiller number at different growth stages with a panel of 205 elite winter wheat accessions. the population was genotyped with a high-density illumina iselect 90k snps assay. a total of 31 loci were found to be associated with seeding emer ...201728360404
isolation and characterization of the tasnrk2.10 gene and its association with agronomic traits in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases (snrks) comprise a major family of signaling genes in plants and are associated with metabolic regulation, nutrient utilization and stress responses. this gene family has been proposed to be involved in sucrose signaling. in the present study, we cloned three copies of the tasnrk2.10 gene from bread wheat on chromosomes 4a, 4b and 4d. the coding sequence (cds) is 1086 bp in length and encodes a protein of 361 amino acids that exhibits functional d ...201728355304
long noncoding mirna gene represses wheat β-diketone waxes.the cuticle of terrestrial plants functions as a protective barrier against many biotic and abiotic stresses. in wheat and other triticeae, β-diketone waxes are major components of the epicuticular layer leading to the bluish-white glaucous trait in reproductive-age plants. glaucousness in durum wheat is controlled by a metabolic gene cluster at the wax1 (w1) locus and a dominant suppressor inhibitor of wax1 (iw1) on chromosome 2b. the wheat d subgenome from progenitor aegilops tauschii contains ...201728351975
spatiotemporal modulation of abscisic acid and gibberellin metabolism and signalling mediates the effects of suboptimal and supraoptimal temperatures on seed germination in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).seed germination is a complex process regulated by intrinsic hormonal cues such as abscisic acid (aba) and gibberellin (ga), and environmental signals including temperature. using pharmacological, molecular and metabolomics approaches, we show that supraoptimal temperature delays wheat seed germination through maintaining elevated embryonic aba level via increased expression of aba biosynthetic genes (tanced1 and tanced2), increasing embryo aba sensitivity through upregulation of genes regulatin ...201728349595
characterization of the temporal and spatial expression of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plant height at the qtl level and their influence on yield-related traits.the temporal and spatial expression patterns of stable qtl for plant height and their influences on yield were characterized. plant height (ph) is a complex trait in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that includes the spike length (sl) and the internode lengths from the first to the fifth internode, which are counted from the top and abbreviated as firitl, secitl, thiitl, fouitl, and fifitl, respectively. this study identified eight putative additive quantitative trait loci (qtl) for ph. in addition, ...201728349175
proteome profiling of wheat shoots from different cultivars.wheat is a cereal grain and one of the world's major food crops. recent advances in wheat genome sequencing are by now facilitating its genomic and proteomic analyses. however, little is known about possible differences in total protein levels of hexaploid versus tetraploid wheat cultivars, and also knowledge of phosphorylated wheat proteins is still limited. here, we performed a detailed analysis of the proteome of seedling leaves from two hexaploid wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l. pavon 7 ...201728348574
characterization and expression patterns of key c4 photosynthetic pathway genes in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under field conditions.wheat is a c3 plant with relatively low photosynthetic efficiency and is a potential target for c4 photosynthetic pathway engineering. here we reported the characterization of four key c4 pathway genes and assessed their expression patterns and enzymatic activities at three growth stages in flag leaves of 59 bread wheat genotypes. the c4-like genes homologous to pepc, nadp-me, mdh, and ppdk in maize were identified in the a, b, and d sub-genomes of bread wheat, located on the long arms of chromo ...201728340469
pea cultivar and wheat residues affect carbon/nitrogen dynamics in pea-triticale intercropping: a microcosms approach.the underlying mechanisms by which legume cultivars contribute to nitrous oxide (n2o) generation are poorly understood. the aim of the present study was to explore the effects of two pea cultivars (zero4 and nitouche) intercropped with triticale, with or without wheat (triticum aestivum) residues incorporation, on soil c and n dynamics, on bacterial community structure and their links with n2o emissions. monocrops and bare soil (no plant) treatments were used as an additional control in order to ...201728340454
biochemical model of c3 photosynthesis applied to wheat at different temperatures.we examined the effects of leaf temperature on the estimation of maximal rubisco capacity (vcmax ) from gas exchange measurements of wheat leaves using a c3 photosynthesis model. cultivars of spring wheat (triticum aestivum (l)) and triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) were grown in a greenhouse or in the field and measured at a range of temperatures under controlled conditions in a growth cabinet (2 and 21% o2 ) or in the field using natural diurnal variation in temperature, respectively. publi ...201728338213
assessing wheat traits by spectral reflectance: do we really need to focus on predicted trait-values or directly identify the elite genotypes group?phenotyping, via remote and proximal sensing techniques, of the agronomic and physiological traits associated with yield potential and drought adaptation could contribute to improvements in breeding programs. in the present study, 384 genotypes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were tested under fully irrigated (fi) and water stress (ws) conditions. the following traits were evaluated and assessed via spectral reflectance: grain yield (gy), spikes per square meter (sm2), kernels per spike (kps), t ...201728337210
detection of alien genetic introgressions in bread wheat using dot-blot genomic hybridisation.simple, reliable methods for the identification of alien genetic introgressions are required in plant breeding programmes. the use of genomic dot-blot hybridisation allows the detection of small hordeum chilense genomic introgressions in the descendants of genetic crosses between wheat and h. chilense addition or substitution lines in wheat when molecular markers are difficult to use. based on genomic in situ hybridisation, dna samples from wheat lines carrying putatively h. chilense introgressi ...201728337069
evaluation of hmw-gs 20 and 2.2 from near isogenic lines of wheat variety hd2329 for bread quality improvement.hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) dominates the list of the most important human food sources ever. its complex genetic background is the reason behind the wide diversity that exists in nutritional as well as food end-product quality. high-molecular-weight glutenin sub-units (hmw-gs) are the main grain storage proteins in the endosperm of wheat and related species. it is well established that the composition and quantity of allelic variation in hmw-gs genes substantially affect the taste an ...201728332204
quantitation of the immunodominant 33-mer peptide from α-gliadin in wheat flours by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.coeliac disease (cd) is triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins from wheat, rye, and barley. the 33-mer peptide from α2-gliadin has frequently been described as the most important cd-immunogenic sequence within gluten. however, from more than 890 published amino acid sequences of α-gliadins, only 19 sequences contain the 33-mer. in order to make a precise assessment of the importance of the 33-mer, it is necessary to elucidate which wheat species and cultivars contain the peptide and at wh ...201728327674
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